1
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Adams F. Merging σ-Bond Metathesis with Polymerization Catalysis: Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complexes, End-Group Functionalization, and Application Prospects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400122. [PMID: 38831565 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with well-defined structures, synthesized through metal-catalyzed processes, and having end groups exhibiting different polarity and reactivity than the backbone, are gaining considerable attention in both scientific and industrial communities. These polymers show potential applications as fundamental building blocks and additives in the creation of innovative functional materials. Investigations are directed toward identifying the most optimal and uncomplicated synthetic approach by employing a combination of living coordination polymerization mediated by rare-earth metal complexes and C-H bond activation reaction by σ-bond metathesis. This combination directly yields catalysts with diverse functional groups from a single precursor, enabling the production of terminal-functionalized polymers without the need for sequential reactions, such as termination reactions. The utilization of this innovative methodology allows for precise control over end-group functionalities, providing a versatile approach to tailor the properties and applications of the resulting polymers. This perspective discusses the principles, challenges, and potential advancements associated with this synthetic strategy, highlighting its significance in advancing the interface of metalorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Weingarten P, Thomas SR, Luiza de Andrade Querino A, Halama K, Kränzlein M, Casini A, Rieger B. A graft-to strategy of poly(vinylphosphonates) on dopazide-coated gold nanoparticles using in situ catalyst activation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8145-8149. [PMID: 38464693 PMCID: PMC10921843 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A modular synthetic pathway for poly(diethyl vinylphosphonates) grafting-to gold nanoparticles is presented. Utilising an azide-dopamine derivative as nanoparticle coating agent, alkyne-azide click conditions were used to covalently tether the polymer to gold nanoparticles leading to stable and well distributed colloids for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Weingarten
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Sophie R Thomas
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Ana Luiza de Andrade Querino
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Kerstin Halama
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 D-85748 Garching b. München Germany
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3
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Späth F, Maier AS, Stasi M, Bergmann AM, Halama K, Wenisch M, Rieger B, Boekhoven J. The Role of Chemically Innocent Polyanions in Active, Chemically Fueled Complex Coacervate Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309318. [PMID: 37549224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervation describes the liquid-liquid phase separation of oppositely charged polymers. Active coacervates are droplets in which one of the electrolyte's affinity is regulated by chemical reactions. These droplets are particularly interesting because they are tightly regulated by reaction kinetics. For example, they serve as a model for membraneless organelles that are also often regulated by biochemical transformations such as post-translational modifications. They are also a great protocell model or could be used to synthesize life-they spontaneously emerge in response to reagents, compete, and decay when all nutrients have been consumed. However, the role of the unreactive building blocks, e.g., the polymeric compounds, is poorly understood. Here, we show the important role of the chemically innocent, unreactive polyanion of our chemically fueled coacervation droplets. We show that the polyanion drastically influences the resulting droplets' life cycle without influencing the chemical reaction cycle-either they are very dynamic or have a delayed dissolution. Additionally, we derive a mechanistic understanding of our observations and show how additives and rational polymer design help to create the desired coacervate emulsion life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Späth
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anton S Maier
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michele Stasi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander M Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Kerstin Halama
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Wenisch
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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4
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Design, Synthesis and Actual Applications of the Polymers Containing Acidic P-OH Fragments: Part 2-Sidechain Phosphorus-Containing Polyacids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021613. [PMID: 36675149 PMCID: PMC9862152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules containing acidic fragments in side-groups—polyacids—occupy a special place among synthetic polymers. Properties and applications of polyacids are directly related to the chemical structure of macromolecules: the nature of the acidic groups, polymer backbone, and spacers between the main chain and acidic groups. The chemical nature of the phosphorus results in the diversity of acidic >P(O)OH fragments in sidechain phosphorus-containing polyacids (PCPAs) that can be derivatives of phosphoric or phosphinic acids. Sidechain PCPAs have many similarities with other polyacids. However, due to the relatively high acidity of −P(O)(OH)2 fragment, bone and mineral affinity, and biocompatibility, sidechain PCPAs have immense potential for diverse applications. Synthetic approaches to sidechain PCPAs also have their own specifics. All these issues are discussed in the present review.
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Hong D, Rajeshkumar T, Zhu S, Huang Z, Zhou S, Zhu X, Maron L, Wang S. Unusual selective reactivity of the rare-earth metal complexes bearing a ligand with multiple functionalities. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Kopka B, Kost B, Basko M. Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as a reactive polymer for materials development. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) has attracted growing interest as a reactive polymer that can be used as a starting material for the construction of more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kopka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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7
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Saurwein A, Schaffer A, Wieser C, Rieger B. Synthesis, characterisation and functionalisation of BAB-type dual-responsive nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery: evolution of nanoparticles based on 2-vinylpyridine and diethyl vinylphosphonate. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1586-1594. [PMID: 35424109 PMCID: PMC8693642 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of nanomedicine gives new opportunities in the treatment of cancer. Aspects such as dosage, bioavailability or the application to the patient can be drastically improved. Previously our group reported an efficient route towards cross-linked nanospheres based on ABB' block copolymers made from 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), diethyl vinylphosphonate (DEVP) and diallyl vinylphosphonate (DAlVP). Followed by thiol-ene click chemistry stable nanoparticles were formed. Herein, this promising concept was extended to copolymers with the analogous B'BABB' architecture. In this context the new yttrium complex 5 was investigated in the rare-earth metal-mediated group transfer polymerisation (REM-GTP) and used for the generation of copolymers with different monomer feeds (2VP: 100-300 equiv.; DEVP: 200-300 equiv.; DAlVP: 6-20 equiv.) to explore the influence of the copolymer compositon on the nanoparticle properties. After successful cross-linking with various cross-linking agents, all nanoparticles were characterised via DLS and TEM. These size measurements revealed defined, almost spherical particles (d DLS = 17-52 nm; d TEM = 17-43 nm) and were mainly affected by the 2VP content and the cross-linking density. Zeta potential measurements resulted in values in the range from -6 mV to -22 mV and revealed an influence of the cross-linking agent on the surface charge. Studies on the release behaviour exhibited the fastest release at pH = 4.5. Temperature-wise best results were achieved at 42 °C. Furthermore, we aimed for the conjugation of folic acid as a model compound for a potential application in active drug targeting. The consecutive couplings of cysteamine and dithiol 6 enabled the formation of an amine-modified precursor which was reacted with a folic acid derivative. Zeta potential measurements and analysis by NMR spectroscopy corroborated a successful conjugation while DLS and TEM (d DLS = 44 nm; d TEM = 38 nm) indicated defined nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Saurwein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Near Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Near Munich Germany
| | - Christina Wieser
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Near Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Near Munich Germany
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8
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Halama K, Schaffer A, Rieger B. Allyl group-containing polyvinylphosphonates as a flexible platform for the selective introduction of functional groups via polymer-analogous transformations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38555-38564. [PMID: 35493229 PMCID: PMC9044137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06452e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylphosphonates are highly promising candidates for (bio)medical applications as they exhibit a tunable lower critical solution temperature, high biocompatibility of homo- and copolymers, and a broad foundation for post-synthetic modifications. In this work we explored polymer-analogous transformations with statistical polyvinylphosphonates comprising diethyl vinylphosphonate (DEVP) and diallyl vinylphosphonate (DAlVP). The C
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C double bonds were used as a starting point for a cascade of organic transformations. Initially, the reactive moieties were successfully introduced via bromination, epoxidations with OXONE and mCPBA, or thiol–ene click chemistry with methyl thioglycolate (6). The obtained substrates were then employed in a variety of consecutive reactions depending on the introduced functional motif: (1) the brominated substrates were converted with sodium azide to enable the copper-mediated alkyne–azide coupling with phenylacetylene (1). (2) The epoxides were reacted with sodium azide for an alkyne–azide click coupling with 1 as well as small nucleophilic compounds (phenol (2), benzylamine (3), and 4-amino-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol (4)). Afterwards the non-converted allyl groups were reacted with thiochloesterol (5) to form complex polymer conjugates. (3) An acid-labile hydrazone-linked conjugate was formed in a two-step approach. The polymeric substrates were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography to monitor the structural changes of the polymeric substrates and to prove the success of these modification approaches. A rich functionalization chemistry was established starting from defined, allyl group containing polyvinylphosphonates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Halama
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
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9
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Schaffer A, Kränzlein M, Rieger B. Precise Synthesis of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Copolymers through C–H Bond-Activated Macroinitiators via Yttrium-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
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10
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Schaffer A, Kränzlein M, Rieger B. Synthesis and Application of Functional Group-Bearing Pyridyl-Based Initiators in Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching near Munich, Germany
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11
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C–H Bond Activation of Silyl-Substituted Pyridines with Bis(Phenolate)Yttrium Catalysts as a Facile Tool towards Hydroxyl-Terminated Michael-Type Polymers. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, silicon-protected, ortho-methylated hydroxy-pyridines were reported as initiators in 2-aminoalkoxy-bis(phenolate)yttrium complexes for rare earth metal-mediated group-transfer polymerization (REM-GTP) of Michael-type monomers. To introduce these initiators, C−H bond activation was performed by reacting [(ONOO)tBuY(X)(thf)] (X = CH2TMS, thf = tetrahydrofuran) with tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyl-functionalized α-methylpyridine to obtain the complex [(ONOOtBuY(X)(thf)] (X = 4-(4′-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-di-methylpyridine). These initiators served as functional end-groups in polymers produced via REM-GTP. In this contribution, homopolymers of 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) and diethyl vinyl phosphonate (DEVP) were produced. Activity studies and end-group analysis via mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and NMR spectroscopy were performed to reveal the initiator efficiency, the catalyst activity towards both monomers as well as the initiation mechanism of this initiator in contrast to commonly used alkyl initiators. In addition, 2D NMR studies were used to further confirm the end-group integrity of the polymers. For all polymers, different deprotection routes were evaluated to obtain hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and poly(diethyl vinyl phosphonate) (PDEVP). Such hydroxyl groups bear the potential to act as anchoring points for small bioactive molecules, for post-polymerization functionalization or as macroinitiators for further polymerizations.
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12
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Denk A, Kernbichl S, Schaffer A, Kränzlein M, Pehl T, Rieger B. Heteronuclear, Monomer-Selective Zn/Y Catalyst Combines Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO 2 with Group-Transfer Polymerization of Michael-Type Monomers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:571-575. [PMID: 35648488 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpolymerizations of cyclohexene oxide (CHO), CO2, and the Michael-type monomer 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) are presented. The combination of two distinct polymerization mechanisms was enabled by the synthesis of a heterobifunctional complex (3). Its β-diiminate zinc moiety allows the ring-opening copolymerization of CHO and CO2, whereas the yttrium metallocene catalyzed the rare earth metal-mediated group-transfer polymerization of the polar vinyl monomer. Both units were connected via the CH-bond activation of a pyridyl-alkoxide linker. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) revealed the successful transfer of the linker to the end-group of the respective homopolymers poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) and poly(2VP) (P2VP) being the prerequisite for copolymer formation. Aliquot gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis and solubility behavior tests confirmed the P2VP-block(b)-PCHC terpolymer formation via two pathways, a sequential and a one-pot procedure. Furthermore, the versatility of the method was demonstrated by introducing 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline (IPOx) as the second Michael-type monomer that yielded the terpolymer poly(IPOx)-b-PCHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Denk
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kernbichl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Schaffer A, Weger M, Rieger B. From lanthanide-mediated, high-precision group transfer polymerization of Michael-type monomers, to intelligent, functional materials. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Weger M, Pahl P, Schmidt F, Soller BS, Altmann PJ, Pöthig A, Gemmecker G, Eisenreich W, Rieger B. Isospecific Group-Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate and Multidimensional NMR Analysis of the Polymer Microstructure. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Pudasaini B. Yttrium Catalyzed Dialkyl Vinyl Phosphonate Polymerization: Mechanistic Insights on the Precision Polymerization from DFT. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang Q, Chen S, Deng B, Wang Y, Dong D, Zhang N. Rare earth metal-mediated ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic phosphoesters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient polymerisation of cyclic phosphoesters using a rare-earth metallocene as a catalyst is described, giving biodegradable polyphosphonates and polyphosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Bicheng Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Dewen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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17
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Schwarzenböck C, Nelson PJ, Huss R, Rieger B. Synthesis of next generation dual-responsive cross-linked nanoparticles and their application to anti-cancer drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16062-16068. [PMID: 30109346 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth metal-mediated group transfer polymerisation enables the synthesis of previously inaccessible block copolymers of 2-vinylpyridine, diethyl vinylphosphonate and the new diallyl vinylphosphonate monomer. This precision polymerisation and the selective cross-linking of allyl side groups via thiol-ene click chemistry leads to the formation of well-defined dual-responsive nanoparticles. We demonstrate that these next generation nanocarriers are pH- and temperature-responsive and are capable of efficiently delivering doxorubicin into the nucleus of cancer cells. High anti-cancer activity could be demonstrated via cytotoxicity tests on breast cancer (MCF-7) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. These results validate this modular synthesis route as an ideal platform for the development of sophisticated nanocarriers for future drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwarzenböck
- WACKER Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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18
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Adams F, Pschenitza M, Rieger B. Yttrium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bipyridine‐Functionalized AB‐Block Copolymers: Micellar Support for Photocatalytic Active Rhenium‐Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - M. Pschenitza
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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19
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Buchmeiser MR. Functional Precision Polymers via Stereo- and Regioselective Polymerization Using Group 6 Metal Alkylidene and Group 6 and 8 Metal Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800492. [PMID: 30118168 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of functional precision polymers and the latest accomplishments in their synthesis are summarized. Synthetic concepts based on chain growth polymerization are compared to iterative synthetic approaches. Here, the term "functional precision polymers" refers to polymers that are not solely hydrocarbon-based but contain functional groups and are characterized by a highly ordered primary structure. If insertion polymerization is used for their synthesis, olefin metathesis-based polymerization techniques, that is, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization, and the regio- and stereoselective cyclopolymerization of α,ω-diynes are almost exclusively applied. Particularly with regio- and stereospecific ROMP and with cyclopolymerization, the synthesis of tactic polymers and copolymers with high regio-, stereo-, and sequence control can be accomplished; however, it requires carefully tailored transition metal catalysts. The fundamental synthetic concepts and strategies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55,, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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20
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Schwarzenböck C, Vagin SI, Heinz WR, Nelson PJ, Rieger B. Studies on the Biocompatibility of Poly(diethyl vinyl-phosphonate) with a New Fluorescent Marker. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800259. [PMID: 29892983 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of group transfer polymerization for the synthesis of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) allows its controlled end-group functionalization. Thus, a new fluorescent chromophore/PDEVP conjugate is prepared and subjected to biocompatibility tests on two different human cell lines. In contrast to the previous studies, the tagged polymer is not absorbed by cells from the solution and has nearly no impact on cell mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwarzenböck
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sergei I Vagin
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Werner R Heinz
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Nephrologisches Zentrum und Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstraße 42, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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21
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Zhai DD, Zhang XY, Liu YF, Zheng L, Guan BT. Potassium Amide-Catalyzed Benzylic C−H Bond Addition of Alkylpyridines to Styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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22
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Zhai DD, Zhang XY, Liu YF, Zheng L, Guan BT. Potassium Amide-Catalyzed Benzylic C−H Bond Addition of Alkylpyridines to Styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1650-1653. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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23
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Adams F, Pahl P, Rieger B. Metal-Catalyzed Group-Transfer Polymerization: A Versatile Tool for Tailor-Made Functional (Co)Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:509-518. [PMID: 29044792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accommodating the increasing demand for tailor-made polymers is a major goal in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the investigation of polymerization techniques, which allow the precise synthesis of macromolecules is of exceptional interest. Ionic or controlled radical polymerization are capable living-type methods for the generation of uniform polymers. However, even these approaches reach their limits in certain issues. In the last decades, group-transfer polymerization (GTP) and especially metal-catalyzed GTP have proven to give access to a plethora of tailor-made homo- and copolymers based on α,β-unsaturated monomers. Thereby, GTP has established its potential in the development of functional and smart polymers. This concept article highlights the most significant progress in metal-catalyzed GTP with a focus on functional (co)polymers including different polymeric architectures and microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Pahl
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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24
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Zhu X, Li Y, Guo D, Wang S, Wei Y, Zhou S. Versatile reactivities of rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes supported by a neutral pyrrolyl-functionalized β-diketiminato ligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3947-3957. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first unprecedented examples of S-β-diketiminato species were disclosed in the reactions of rare-earth dialkyl complexes with S8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Dianjun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
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25
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Schwarzenböck C, Schaffer A, Pahl P, Nelson PJ, Huss R, Rieger B. Precise synthesis of thermoresponsive polyvinylphosphonate-biomolecule conjugatesviathiol–ene click chemistry. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present the first smart polyvinylphosphonate-bioconjugates obtainedviaan efficient modular synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schwarzenböck
- WACKER–Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER–Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Philipp Pahl
- WACKER–Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV
- Nephrologisches Zentrum und Arbeitsgruppe Klinische Biochemie
- University of Munich
- Munich
- Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER–Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
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26
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Wang Q, Chen S, Liang Y, Dong D, Zhang N. Bottle-Brush Brushes: Surface-Initiated Rare Earth Metal Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization from a Poly(3-((2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)oxy)propyl methacrylate) Backbone. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiliao Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongjiu Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dewen Dong
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Rubber, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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27
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Pahl P, Schwarzenböck C, Herz FAD, Soller BS, Jandl C, Rieger B. Core-First Synthesis of Three-Armed Star-Shaped Polymers by Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Pahl
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christina Schwarzenböck
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fabian A. D. Herz
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Benedikt S. Soller
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer
Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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28
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Adams F, Machat MR, Altenbuchner PT, Ehrmaier J, Pöthig A, Karsili TNV, Rieger B. Toolbox of Nonmetallocene Lanthanides: Multifunctional Catalysts in Group-Transfer Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9754-9764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Martin R. Machat
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tolga N. V. Karsili
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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29
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Sun Q, Xie P, Yuan D, Xia Y, Yao Y. Regioselective addition of C(sp3)–H bonds of alkyl pyridines to olefins catalysed by cationic zirconium complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7401-7404. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first group 4 metal catalysts are developed to catalyse C(sp3)–H addition of alkyl pyridines to olefins. Ligand-controlled regioselectivity was observed and verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Peipei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Dushu Lake Campus
- Soochow University
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30
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Soller BS, Sun Q, Salzinger S, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Ligand Induced Steric Crowding in Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates: Does Enthalpy Matter? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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32
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Adams F, Altenbuchner PT, Werz PDL, Rieger B. Multiresponsive micellar block copolymers from 2-vinylpyridine and dialkylvinylphosphonates with a tunable lower critical solution temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made, multi-responsive micellar AB and ABB′ block copolymers show a pH-sensitivity and a tunable LCST within an expanded temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. D. L. Werz
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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33
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Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B. Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1993-2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt S. Soller
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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