1
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Dilinaer AD, J Jobin G, Drover MW. A catalytic collaboration: pairing transition metals and Lewis acids for applications in organic synthesis. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38976284 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of metal catalysts to accelerate an organic transformation has proven indispensable for access to structural motifs having applications across medicinal, polymer, materials chemistry, and more. Most catalytic approaches have cast transition metals in the "leading role"; these players mediate important reactions such as C-C cross coupling and the hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds. These catalysts may require collaboration, featuring Lewis acidic or basic additives to promote a desired reaction outcome. Lewis acids can serve to accelerate reactions by way of substrate stabilization and/or activation, and as such, are valuable in optimizing catalytic transformations. A burgeoning area of chemical research which unifies these concepts has thus sought to develop transition metal complexes having ambiphilic (containing a Lewis basic and acidic unit) ligands. This approach takes advantage of metal-ligand cooperativity to increase the efficiency of a given chemical transformation, leveraging intramolecular interactions between a transition metal and an adjacent secondary ligand site. While this has shown significant potential to facilitate challenging and important transformations, there remains unexplored depth for creativity and future advancement. This Frontier highlights inter- and intramolecular combinations of transition metals and Lewis acids that together, provide a collaborative platform for chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dina Dilinaer
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N8K 3G6, Canada.
| | - Gabriel J Jobin
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N8K 3G6, Canada.
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N8K 3G6, Canada.
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2
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Durfy CS, Zurakowski JA, Drover MW. A Blueprint for Secondary Coordination Sphere Editing: Approaches Toward Lewis-Acid Assisted Carbon Dioxide Co-Activation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400039. [PMID: 38358843 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent greenhouse gas of environmental concern. Seeking to offer a solution to the "CO2-problem", the chemistry community has turned a focus toward transition metal complexes which can activate, reduce, and convert CO2 into carbon-based products. The design of such systems involves judicious selection of both metal and accompanying donor ligand; in part, these efforts are motivated by biological metalloenzymes that undertake similar transformations. As a design element, metal-ligand cooperativity, which leverages intramolecular interactions between a transition metal and an adjacent secondary ligand site, has been acknowledged as a vitally important component by the CO2 activation community. These systems offer a "push-pull" style of activation where electron density is chaperoned onto CO2 with an accompanying electrophile, such as a Lewis-acid, playing the role of acceptor. This pairing allows for the stabilization of reactive CxHyOz-containing intermediates and can bias CO2 product selectivity. In the laboratory, chemists can test hypotheses and ideas, enabling rationalization of why a given pairing of transition metal/Lewis-acid leads to selective CO2 reduction outcomes. This Concept identifies literature examples and highlights key design properties, allowing interested contributors to design, create, and implement novel systems for productive transformations of a small molecule (CO2) with huge potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Durfy
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Joseph A Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
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3
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Hastings CD, Huffman LSX, Tiwari CK, Betancourth JG, Brennessel WW, Barnett BR. Coordinatively Unsaturated Metallates of Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Guarded by a Rigid and Narrow Void. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11920-11931. [PMID: 37462947 PMCID: PMC10394664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Both natural enzymatic systems and synthetic porous material catalysts utilize well-defined and uniform channels to dictate reaction selectivities on the basis of size or shape. Mimicry of this design element in homogeneous systems is generally difficult owing to the flexibility inherent in most small molecular species. Herein, we report the synthesis of a tripodal ligand scaffold that orients a narrow and rigid cavity atop accessible metal coordination space. The permanent void is formed through a macrocyclization reaction whereby the 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl arms are covalently linked through methylene bridges. Deprotonative metallation leads to anionic and coordinatively unsaturated complexes of divalent cobalt, nickel, and zinc. An analogous series of trigonal monopyramidal complexes bearing a nonmacrocyclized variant of the tripodal ligand are also reported. Physical characterization of the coordination complexes has been carried out using multiple spectroscopic techniques (NMR, EPR, and UV-vis), cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray diffraction. Complexes of the macrocyclized [LOCH2O]3- ligand retain a rigid cavity upon metallation, with this cavity guarding the entrance to the open axial coordination site. Through a combination of spectroscopic and computational studies, it is shown that acetonitrile entry into the void is sterically precluded, disrupting anticipated coordination at the intracavity site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Hastings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Lucy S X Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Chandan Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | | | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Brandon R Barnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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4
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Beagan DM, Kiernicki JJ, Zeller M, Szymczak NK. A Bidentate Ligand Featuring Ditopic Lewis Acids in the Second Sphere for Selective Substrate Capture and Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218907. [PMID: 36720708 PMCID: PMC10023486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a ligand platform featuring appended ditopic Lewis acids to facilitate capture/activation of diatomic substrates. We show that incorporation of two 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) units on a single carbon tethered to a pyridine pyrazole scaffold maintains a set of unquenched nitrogen donors available to coordinate FeII , ZnII , and NiII . Using hydride ion affinity and competition experiments, we establish an additive effect for ditopic secondary sphere boranes, compared to the monotopic analogue. These effects are exploited to achieve high selectivity for binding NO2 - in the presence of competitive anions such as F- and NO3 - . Finally, we demonstrate hydrazine capture within the second-sphere of metal complexes, followed by unique activation pathways to generate hydrazido and diazene ligands on Zn and Fe, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John J Kiernicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Present address: Drury University, Department of Chemistry and Physics, 900 North Benton Ave., Springfield, MO 65802, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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5
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Austen BJH, Sharma H, Zurakowski JA, Drover MW. Racemic and Meso Diastereomers of a P-Chirogenic Diboranyldiphosphinoethane. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brady J. H. Austen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Harvey Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Joseph A. Zurakowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Marcus W. Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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6
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Abstract
This tutorial review showcases recent (2015-2021) work describing ligand construction as it relates to the design of secondary coordination spheres (SCSs). Metalloenzymes, for example, utilize SCSs to stabilize reactive substrates, shuttle small molecules, and alter redox properties, promoting functional activity. In the realm of biomimetic chemistry, specific incorporation of SCS residues (e.g., Brønsted or Lewis acid/bases, crown ethers, redox groups etc.) has been shown to be equally critical to function. This contribution illustrates how fundamental advances in organic and inorganic chemistry have been used for the construction of such SCSs. These imaginative contributions have driven exciting findings in many transformations relevant to clean fuel generation, including small molecule (e.g., H+, N2, CO2, NOx, O2) reduction. In most cases, these reactions occur cooperatively, where both metal and ligand are requisite for substrate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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7
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Zurakowski JA, Austen BJ, Drover MW. Exterior decorating: Lewis acid secondary coordination spheres for cooperative reactivity. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Kiernicki JJ, Norwine EE, Zeller M, Szymczak NK. Substrate Specific Metal-Ligand Cooperative Binding: Considerations for Weak Intramolecular Lewis Acid/Base Pairs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13806-13810. [PMID: 34242009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperative binding modes were interrogated in a series of zinc bis(thiophenoxide) complexes. A weak B-S binding interaction is observed in solution between the weakly Lewis basic thiophenoxide ligands and an appended trialkylborane. The energy of this binding event is dependent upon the strength of the Lewis acid and its proximity to the zinc thiophenoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kiernicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Emily E Norwine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nathaniel K Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Theulier CA, García-Rodeja Y, Mallet-Ladeira S, Miqueu K, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Gold-to-Boron Aryl Transfer from a T-Shaped Phosphine–Borane Gold(I) Complex. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril A. Theulier
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux - IPREM UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (UAR 2599), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux - IPREM UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 09, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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10
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Sadek O, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D. Lewis pairing and frustration of group 13/15 elements geometrically enforced by (ace)naphthalene, biphenylene and (thio)xanthene backbones. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5777-5805. [PMID: 33972963 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of mixed group 13/group 15 compounds (E13 = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl; E15 = N, P, Sb, Bi) featuring a rigid (ace)naphthalene or (thio)xanthene backbone are discussed in this review. The backbone may either enforce or prevent E15→E13 interactions, resulting in Lewis pairing or frustration. The formation of strong E15→E13 interactions is possible upon peri-substitution of (ace)naphthalenes. This gives the opportunity to access and study highly reactive species, as exemplified by P-stabilised borenium salts and boryl radicals. In turn, rigid expanded spacers such as biphenylenes, (thio)xanthenes and dibenzofurans impose long distances and geometrically prevent E15→E13 interactions. Such P-B derivatives display ambiphilic coordination properties and frustrated Lewis pair behaviour towards small molecules, their preorganised structure favouring reversible interaction/activation. Throughout the review, the importance of the scaffold in enforcing or preventing E15→E13 interactions is highlighted and discussed based on experimental data and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sadek
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hetérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069), 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Cedex 09 Toulouse, France.
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11
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Ríos P, Martín-de la Calle R, Vidossich P, Fernández-de-Córdova FJ, Lledós A, Conejero S. Reversible carbon-boron bond formation at platinum centers through σ-BH complexes. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1647-1655. [PMID: 34163924 PMCID: PMC8179255 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A reversible carbon-boron bond formation has been observed in the reaction of the coordinatively unsaturated, cyclometalated, Pt(ii) complex [Pt(I t BuiPr')(I t BuiPr)][BArF], 1, with tricoordinated boranes HBR2. X-ray diffraction studies provided structural snapshots of the sequence of reactions involved in the process. At low temperature, we observed the initial formation of the unprecedented σ-BH complexes [Pt(HBR2)(I t BuiPr')(I t BuiPr)][BArF], one of which has been isolated. From -15 to +10 °C, the σ-BH species undergo a carbon-boron coupling process leading to the platinum hydride derivative [Pt(H)(I t BuiPr-BR2)(I t BuiPr)][BArF], 4. Surprisingly, these compounds are thermally unstable undergoing carbon-boron bond cleavage at room temperature that results in the 14-electron Pt(ii) boryl species [Pt(BR2)(I t BuiPr)2][BArF], 2. This unusual reaction process has been corroborated by computational methods, which indicate that the carbon-boron coupling products 4 are formed under kinetic control whereas the platinum boryl species 2, arising from competitive C-H bond coupling, are thermodynamically more stable. These findings provide valuable information about the factors governing productive carbon-boron coupling reactions at transition metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Rocío Martín-de la Calle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Pietro Vidossich
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genoa Italy
| | - Francisco José Fernández-de-Córdova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Américo Vespucio 49 Sevilla 41092 Spain
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12
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Ritter F, John L, Schindler T, Schroers JP, Teeuwen S, Tauchert ME. Evaluation of Pd→B Interactions in Diphosphinoborane Complexes and Impact on Inner-Sphere Reductive Elimination. Chemistry 2020; 26:13436-13444. [PMID: 32428264 PMCID: PMC7692930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dative Pd→B interaction in a series of R DPBR' Pd0 and PdII complexes (R DPBR' =(o-PR2 C6 H4 )2 BR', diphosphinoborane) was analyzed using XRD, 11 B NMR spectroscopy and NBO/NLMO calculations. The borane acceptor discriminates between the oxidation state PdII and Pd0 , stabilizing the latter. Reaction of lithium amides with [(R DPBR' )PdII (4-NO2 C6 H4 )I] chemoselectively yields the C-N coupling product. DFT modelling indicates no significant impact of PdII →B coordination on the inner-sphere reductive elimination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
| | - Lukas John
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
| | - Julian P. Schroers
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
| | - Simon Teeuwen
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
| | - Michael E. Tauchert
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1A52074AachenGermany
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13
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Drover MW, Dufour MC, Lesperance‐Nantau LA, Noriega RP, Levin K, Schurko RW. Octaboraneyl Complexes of Nickel: Monomers for Redox‐Active Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:11180-11186. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W. Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Maeve C. Dufour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | | | - Rayni P. Noriega
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Kirill Levin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Florida State University 102 Varsity Way Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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14
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Iannetelli A, Da Costa RC, Guwy AJ, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Owen GR. Transformation of a Norbornadiene Unit to Ethylenylcyclopentene Requiring Cooperation between Boron and Rhodium Centers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Iannetelli
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
| | | | - Alan J. Guwy
- Sustainable Environment Research Centre, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Gareth R. Owen
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
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15
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Drover MW, Bowes EG, Dufour MC, Lesperance-Nantau LA. Platinum complexes of a boron-rich diphosphine ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16312-16318. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the preparation, characterization, and reactivity of two PtII bis-hydrocarbyl complexes containing the 1,2-bis(di(3-dicyclohexylboraneyl)propylphosphino)ethane (P2BCy4) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W. Drover
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - Eric G. Bowes
- Chemistry Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Maeve C. Dufour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
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16
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da Costa RC, Rawe BW, Iannetelli A, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Guwy AJ, Owen GR. Stopping Hydrogen Migration in Its Tracks: The First Successful Synthesis of Group Ten Scorpionate Complexes Based on Azaindole Scaffolds. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:359-367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin W. Rawe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton. SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton. SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Alan J. Guwy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
| | - Gareth R. Owen
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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17
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Da Costa RC, Rawe BW, Tsoureas N, Haddow MF, Sparkes HA, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Owen GR. Preparation and reactivity of rhodium and iridium complexes containing a methylborohydride based unit supported by two 7-azaindolyl heterocycles. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11047-11057. [PMID: 30027202 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a new anionic flexible scorpionate ligand, methyl(bis-7-azaindolyl)borohydride [MeBai]- is reported herein. The ligand was coordinated to a series of group nine transition metal centres forming the complexes, [Ir(MeBai)(COD)] (1), [Rh(MeBai)(COD)] (2), [Rh(MeBai)(CODMe)] (2-Me) and [Rh(MeBai)(NBD)] (3), where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, CODMe = 3-methyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene and NBD = 2,5-norbornadiene. In all cases, the boron based ligand was found to bind to the metal centres via a κ3-N,N,H coordination mode. The ligand and complexes were fully characterised by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The structures of the ligand and three of the complexes were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The potential for migration of the "hydride" or "methyl" units from boron to the metal centre was also explored. During these studies an unusual transformation, involving the oxidation of the rhodium centre, was observed in complex 2. In this case, the η4-COD unit transformed into a η1,η3-C8H12 unit where the ring was bound via one sigma bond and one allyl unit. This is the first time such a transformation has been observed at a rhodium centre.
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18
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Vasko P, Zulkifly IA, Fuentes MÁ, Mo Z, Hicks J, Kamer PCJ, Aldridge S. Reversible C-H Activation, Facile C-B/B-H Metathesis and Apparent Hydroboration Catalysis by a Dimethylxanthene-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2018; 24:10531-10540. [PMID: 29786906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A dimethylxanthene-based phosphine/borane frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is shown to effect reversible C-H activation, cleaving phenylacetylene, PhCCH, to give an equilibrium mixture of the free FLP and phosphonium acetylide in CD2 Cl2 solution at room temperature. This system also reacts with B-H bonds although in a different fashion: reactions with HBpin and HBcat proceed via C-B/B-H metathesis, leading to replacement of the -B(C6 F5 )2 Lewis acid component by -Bpin/-Bcat, and transfer of HB(C6 F5 )2 to the phosphine Lewis base. This transformation underpins the ability of the FLP to catalyze the hydroboration of alkynes by HBpin: the active species is derived from the HB(C6 F5 )2 fragment generated in this exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Ili A Zulkifly
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29 a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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19
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Drover MW, Peters JC. Expanding the allyl analogy: accessing η 3-P,B,P diphosphinoborane complexes of group 10. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3733-3738. [PMID: 29441396 PMCID: PMC6005356 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Using the diphosphinoborane, (PPh2)2BMes (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H3), we report the first examples of η3-P,B,P-ligated complexes using Ni(0) and Pt(ii). Reaction of (PPh2)2BMes with Ni(COD)2 or Pt(COD)Me2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) results in gradual COD displacement to give [η3-P,B,P-(PPh2)2BMes]Ni(COD) (3) or [η3-P,B,P-(PPh2)2BMes]Pt(CH3)2 (6). Complex 3 serves as a versatile Ni-containing synthon for the preparation of square planar or tetrahedral Ni(0) complexes. Notably, the M-B interaction in these systems is non-negligible - with coordination resulting in an upfield shift of ca. 80 ppm in the 11B NMR spectrum. We also show that treatment of the PtIV halide precursor, [PtMe3I]4 with this ligand framework results in migration of X-type ligands (CH3- and I-) to boron and reductive elimination of ethane (C2H6) to give a distorted square planar zwitterionic PtII complex, Pt[κ2-P,P-(PPh2)2B(Mes)(CH3)][κ2-P,P-(PPh2)2B(Mes)(I)] (10). This reactivity suggests the feasibility of (PPh2)2BMes-ligand-induced labilization of M-X ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus W Drover
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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20
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Cowie BE, Emslie DJH. Reactivity of a Borane-Appended 1,1′-Bisphosphinoferrocene Ligand: Transition Metal and Lewis Acid Coordination, Cyclopentadienyl Ring Borylation, and Boronium Cation Generation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Cowie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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21
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Owen GR. Functional group migrations between boron and metal centres within transition metal-borane and -boryl complexes and cleavage of H-H, E-H and E-E' bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:10712-26. [PMID: 27489890 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03817d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This feature article examines some of the recent advances in the chemistry of Z-type transition metal-borane and X-type transition metal-boryl complexes. It focuses on the employment of these boron-based functionalities acting as stores and transfer agents for functional groups such as hydrides, alkyl groups and aryl groups which can either be abstracted or delivered to the metal centre. The review also explores the rather novel reactivity involving the cleavage of H-H, E-H and E-E' bonds (where E and E' are a range of groups) across the transition metal-boron bond in such complexes. It explores the early examples of the addition of H-H across transition metal-borane bonds and describes the new transformation in the context of other known modes of hydrogen activation including classic oxidative addition and heterolytic cleavage at transition metal centres as well as Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry. Similar reactivity involving transition metal-boryl complexes are also described particularly those which undergo both boryl-to-borane and borane-to-borohydride transformations. The delivery of hydride to the metal centre in combination with the potential to regenerate the borohydride functional group via a recharging process is explored in the context of providing a new strategy for catalysis. Finally, a light-hearted look at the analogy of the 'stinging processes' involving Trofimenko type ligands is taken one step further to determine whether it is indeed in the nature of scorpionate ligands to repeatedly 'sting' just as the real life scorpions do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Owen
- School of Applied Science, University of South Wales, Upper Glyntaff, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK.
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22
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Iannetelli A, Tizzard G, Coles SJ, Owen GR. Sequential Migrations between Boron and Rhodium Centers: A Cooperative Process between Rhodium and a Monosubstituted Borohydride Unit. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:446-456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Iannetelli
- School of Applied
Science, University of South Wales, Treforest CF37 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Tizzard
- National Crystallography Service, School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R. Owen
- School of Applied
Science, University of South Wales, Treforest CF37 4AT, United Kingdom
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23
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Geier SJ, Vogels CM, Mellonie NR, Daley EN, Decken A, Doherty S, Westcott SA. The Phosphinoboration ofN-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2017; 23:14485-14499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Geier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Niall R. Mellonie
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU England
| | - Erika N. Daley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry; University of New Brunswick; Fredericton NB E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Simon Doherty
- NUCAT, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU England
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mount Allison University; Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
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24
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Lerayer E, Renaut P, Roger J, Pirio N, Cattey H, Devillers CH, Lucas D, Hierso JC. A general diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized ferrocenyl ambiphiles enabled on a large scale by electrochemical purification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6017-6020. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A diastereoselective modification of tert-butylated ferrocenes leads to highly functionalized constrained ambiphiles (P,B or N,B) and hybrids (P,N or P,P′) on a multigram scale by a smart electrochemical purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lerayer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Patrice Renaut
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Nadine Pirio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Hélène Cattey
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Charles H. Devillers
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Dominique Lucas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UMR 6302)
- 21078 Dijon
- France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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25
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Lee K, Donahue CM, Daly SR. Triaminoborane-bridged diphosphine complexes with Ni and Pd: coordination chemistry, structures, and ligand-centered reactivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9394-9406. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, coordination chemistry, and reactivity of two diphosphines containing the cyclic triaminoborane 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecalin (TBD) are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- The University of Iowa
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa City
- USA
| | | | - Scott R. Daly
- The University of Iowa
- Department of Chemistry
- Iowa City
- USA
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26
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Jones JS, Gabbai FP. Activation of an Au-Cl Bond by a Pendent Sb III Lewis Acid: Impact on Structure and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2016; 23:1136-1144. [PMID: 27813226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the objective of identifying new coordination modes of ambiphilic ligands, we have investigated the bidentate Sb/P ligands (o-(Ph2 P)C6 H4 )SbCl2 (LCl ) and (o-(Ph2 P)C6 H4 )SbPh2 (LPh ). Reaction of these ligands with (tht)AuCl affords the monoligated species LCl AuCl (1) and LPh AuCl (2), respectively, in which the antimony centers are only weakly engaged with the coordinated gold atom. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o-(Cl3 Sb)C6 H4 (Ph2 P)Au(PPh3 ) (3). Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show that the antimony and gold centers are involved in weak Sb→Au and Au→Sb interactions, the latter reflecting the Lewis acidity of the pendent antimony group. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of the antimony center in 1 to abstract a gold-bound chloride in the presence of a Lewis basic substrate may be utilized to activate the gold center for the electrophilic cycloisomerization of propargylic amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - François P Gabbai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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27
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Sen S, Ke IS, Gabbaï FP. Anion-Controlled Positional Switching of a Phenyl Group about the Dinuclear Core of a AuSb Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9162-72. [PMID: 27583565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing interest in redox-active, anion-responsive main-group transition-metal platforms, we have investigated the effect of chloride by fluoride anion substitution on the core structure of a dinuclear AuSb platform. Starting from [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2Cl2SbPh]AuCl (2) in which the antimony-bound phenyl group is positioned trans to the gold atom, we found that the introduction of fluoride anions, as in [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F2SbPh]AuCl (3) and [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2ClFSbPh]AuCl (4), produces structures in which the phenyl group switches to a perpendicular direction with respect to the gold atom. Replacement of the gold-bound chloride anion in 3 by a fluoride anion can be achieved by successive treatment with TlPF6 and [nBu4N][Ph3SiF2]. These reactions, which proceed via the intermediate zwitterionc gold antimonate complex [o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F3SbPh]Au (6), trigger migration of the phenyl group to gold and afford [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F3Sb]AuPh (7). Because the phenyl group in 7 is orthogonal to that in 3 and opposite to that in 2, the title AuSb platform can be regarded as a molecular analogue of a mechanical three-way switch in which the switching element is a phenyl group. Finally, while all complexes involved retain a Au → Sb interaction, this interaction is no longer present in the zwitterionic derivative 6 because of the neutralization of the Lewis acidity of the antimony center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srobona Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Iou-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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28
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Schuhknecht D, Ritter F, Tauchert ME. Isolation and properties of a palladium PBP pincer complex featuring an ambiphilic boryl site. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11823-11826. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ambiphilic boryl site in the PBP pincer [{(o-PPh2C6H4)2B}PdIII] reacts with Lewis bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Schuhknecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- D-52074 Aachen
- Germany
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29
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Cowie BE, Emslie DJH. Nickel and Palladium Complexes of Ferrocene-Backbone Bisphosphine-Borane and Trisphosphine Ligands. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Cowie
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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