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Wang X, Feng C, Jiang J, Maeda S, Kubota K, Ito H. Stereospecific synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes and general synthesis of chiral silyl Anions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5561. [PMID: 37689789 PMCID: PMC10492825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes could potentially allow the formation of chiral silyl nucleophiles as well as the synthesis of various chiral silicon compounds. However, the synthesis of such silicon-stereogenic silylboranes has not been achieved so far. Here, we report the synthesis of silicon-stereogenic optically active silylboranes via a stereospecific Pt(PPh3)4-catalyzed Si-H borylation of chiral hydrosilanes, which are synthesized by stoichiometric and catalytic asymmetric synthesis, in high yield and very high or perfect enantiospecificity (99% es in one case, and >99% es in the others) with retention of the configuration. Furthermore, we report a practical approach to generate silicon-stereogenic silyl nucleophiles with high enantiopurity and configurational stability using MeLi activation. This protocol is suitable for the stereospecific and general synthesis of silicon-stereogenic trialkyl-, dialkylbenzyl-, dialkylaryl-, diarylalkyl-, and alkylary benzyloxy-substituted silylboranes and their corresponding silyl nucleophiles with excellent enantiospecificity (>99% es except one case of 99% es). Transition-metal-catalyzed C-Si bond-forming cross-coupling reactions and conjugate-addition reactions are also demonstrated. The mechanisms underlying the stability and reactivity of such chiral silyl anion were investigated by combining NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Wang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Chi Feng
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Hajime Ito
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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Kirchhoff JL, Koller SG, Louven K, Strohmann C. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-[(benzyl-dimethyl-sil-yl)meth-yl]-1-ethyl-piperidin-1-ium ethane-sulfonate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:135-139. [PMID: 35145739 PMCID: PMC8819452 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902101361x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecular salt, C17H30NSi+·C2H5O4S-, belongs to the class of a-amino-silanes and was synthesized by the alkyl-ation of 1-[(benzyl-dimethyl-sil-yl)meth-yl]piperidine using diethyl sulfate. This achiral salt crystallizes in the chiral space group P21. One of the Si-C bonds in the cation is unusually long [1.9075 (12) Å], which correlates with the adjacent quaternary N+ atom and was verified by quantum chemical calculations. In the crystal, the components are linked by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds: a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to further investigate these inter-molecular inter-actions and their effects on the crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan G. Koller
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kathrin Louven
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Däschlein C, Bauer SO, Strohmann C. Mechanistic Insights into the Reaction of Enantiomerically Pure Lithiosilanes and Electrophiles: Understanding the Differences between Aryl and Alkyl Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xu LW, Li L, Lai GQ, Jiang JX. The recent synthesis and application of silicon-stereogenic silanes: A renewed and significant challenge in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1777-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bundhun A, Blowers P, Ramasami P, Schaefer III HF. Quantum Mechanical Modeling for the GeX 2/GeHX + GeH 4 Reactions (X = H, F, Cl, and Br). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4210-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Bundhun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Paul Blowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Henry F. Schaefer III
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Däschlein C, Gessner V, Strohmann C. Preparation of “Si-Centered” Chiral Silanes by Direct α-Lithiation of Methylsilanes. Chemistry 2010; 16:4048-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Däschlein C, Strohmann C. The competition between Si-Si and Si-C cleavage in functionalised oligosilanes: their reactivity with elemental lithium. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2062-9. [PMID: 20148226 DOI: 10.1039/b920846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl-substituted disilanes with elemental lithium is a common method for the preparation of lithiosilanes and the subsequent synthesis of functionalised oligosilanes, especially of enantiomerically pure compounds. A series of alkyl- and arylsubstituted di- and trisilanes has been investigated with respect to their reactivity against elemental lithium. Thereby, depending on the substituents, silicon-silicon bond cleavage of the central Si-Si unit and/or silicon-carbon bond cleavage to arenes are observed. Quantum chemical studies provide a deeper insight into the ongoing processes. The reactive centre can be estimated by both, bond elongation after electron transfer and frontier orbital interactions (pi-bonding and sigma-antibonding part). Aromatic substituents at the silicon atoms proved to be necessary for the processing of any cleavage reaction in the studied systems by stabilising the radical anion after electron transfer at the corresponding di- or trisilane. Yet, selective cleavage reactions do not depend on the number of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Däschlein C, Bauer JO, Strohmann C. From the selective cleavage of the Si-O-Si bond in disiloxanes to zwitterionic, water-stable zinc silanolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:8074-7. [PMID: 19780083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Däschlein C, Bauer J, Strohmann C. From the Selective Cleavage of the Si-O-Si Bond in Disiloxanes to Zwitterionic, Water-Stable Zinc Silanolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Däschlein C, Strohmann C. Structural Studies on (–)‐Sparteine‐Coordinated Lithiosilanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund
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Däschlein C, Gessner VH, Strohmann C. (S)-1,2-Dimethyl-1,1,2-triphenyl-2-(4-piperidiniometh-yl)disilane chloride. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o1950. [PMID: 21201154 PMCID: PMC2959254 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808028808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(26)H(34)NSi(2) (+)·Cl(-), shows chirality at silicon. Because of its highly selective synthesis with an e.r. of >99:1 by means of a racemic resolution with mandelic acid, the free disilane is of great importance to the chemistry of highly enanti-omerically enriched lithio-silanes and their trapping products. N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present between the protonated nitro-gen atom of the piperidino group and the chloride counter-anion. The silicon-silicon distance as well as silicon-carbon and carbon-nitro-gen bond lengths are in the same ranges as in other quaternary, functionalized di- and tetra-silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Däschlein
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Hameau A, Guyon F, Knorr M, Däschlein C, Strohmann C, Avarvari N. Synthesis and reactivity of silylated tetrathiafulvalenes. Dalton Trans 2008:4866-76. [PMID: 18766219 DOI: 10.1039/b803947j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Hameau
- Institut UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 16, Route de Gray, 25030, Besançon, France
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