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Ludwig M, Franz D, Espinosa Ferao A, Bolte M, Hanusch F, Inoue S. Anions featuring an aluminium-silicon core with alumanyl silanide and aluminata-silene characteristics. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1452-1460. [PMID: 37400594 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular species containing multiple bonds to aluminium have long been challenging synthetic targets. Despite recent landmark discoveries in this area, heterodinuclear Al-E multiple bonds (where E is a group-14 element) have remained rare and limited to highly polarized π-interactions (Al=E ↔ +Al-E-). Here we report the isolation of three alumanyl silanide anions that feature an Al-Si core stabilized by bulky substituents and a Si-Na interaction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations show that the Al-Si interaction possesses partial double bond character. Preliminary reactivity studies support this description of the compounds through two resonance structures: one that displays a predominant nucleophilic character of the sodium-coordinated silicon centre in the Al-Si core, as shown by silanide-like reactivity towards halosilane electrophiles and the CH-insertion of phenylacetylene. Moreover, we report an alumanyl silanide with a sequestered sodium cation. Cleavage of the Si-Na bond by [2.2.2]cryptand increases the double bond character of the Al-Si core to produce an anion with high aluminata-silene (-Al=Si) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Ludwig
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Daniel Franz
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franziska Hanusch
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, Germany.
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2
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Takeuchi T, Roy A, Ito H. Iterative Synthesis of Oligosilanes Using Methoxyphenyl- or Hydrogen-Substituted Silylboronates as Building Blocks: A General Synthetic Method for Complex Oligosilanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37436952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Organosilanes have attracted the attention of researchers for more than 150 years due to their unique properties, and they have become indispensable industrial assets. However, many synthesized oligosilanes with multiple Si-Si bonds are relatively simple, i.e., they often only contain a single repeating unit. More laborious customized synthetic routes can lead to more complex oligosilanes, but compared to carbon-based molecules, their structural diversity remains limited. The development of effective and practical synthetic routes to complex oligosilanes that contain mixed substituents constitutes a long-standing challenge. Here, we describe an iterative synthesis of oligosilanes using methoxyphenyl- or hydrogen-substituted silylboronates, which were obtained via transition-metal-catalyzed Si-H borylation reactions. The first key reaction is a cross-Si-Si bond-forming reaction between chloro(oligo)silanes and silylboronates activated by MeLi. The second key reaction is the selective chlorination of the methoxyphenyl group or the hydrogen atom at the terminal of the oligosilanes. Iteration of these two key reactions enables the synthesis of various oligosilanes that are otherwise difficult to access. As a demonstration of the synthetic utility of this iterative synthetic approach, oligosilanes with different sequences were prepared by simply changing the order of the reaction of four different silicon units. Furthermore, a bespoke tree-shaped oligosilane is easily obtained via the present iterative synthesis. The solid-state structures of several of these oligosilanes were unequivocally determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Avijit Roy
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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3
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Franz D, Szilvási T, Pöthig A, Inoue S. Isolation of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex of a Borasilene. Chemistry 2019; 25:11036-11041. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franz
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706-1607 USA
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center and Institute of Silicon ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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4
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Tsai HC, Lin YF, Liu WC, Lee GH, Peng SM, Chiu CW. N-Heterocyclic Silylene Coordinated Dialkyl Borenium Equivalent. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chen Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department
of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Department of Medicinal and Applied
Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Rosas-Sánchez A, Alvarado-Beltran I, Baceiredo A, Hashizume D, Saffon-Merceron N, Branchadell V, Kato T. The Lightest Element Phosphoranylidene: NHC-Supported Cyclic Borylidene-Phosphorane with Significant B=P Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rosas-Sánchez
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Beltran
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | | | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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6
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Rosas-Sánchez A, Alvarado-Beltran I, Baceiredo A, Hashizume D, Saffon-Merceron N, Branchadell V, Kato T. The Lightest Element Phosphoranylidene: NHC-Supported Cyclic Borylidene-Phosphorane with Significant B=P Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4814-4818. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rosas-Sánchez
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Beltran
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit; RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | | | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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7
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Suzuki Y, Ishida S, Sato S, Isobe H, Iwamoto T. An Isolable Potassium Salt of a Borasilene-Chloride Adduct. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4593-4597. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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8
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Suzuki Y, Ishida S, Sato S, Isobe H, Iwamoto T. An Isolable Potassium Salt of a Borasilene-Chloride Adduct. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project; Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology Agency; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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9
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Tsurusaki A, Yoshida K, Kyushin S. Synthesis and structures of lithium alkoxytris(dimethylphenylsilyl)borates. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8705-8708. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystallography showed that the structures of the silyl-substituted borates are affected by the alkoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | - Soichiro Kyushin
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
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10
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Neeve EC, Geier SJ, Mkhalid IAI, Westcott SA, Marder TB. Diboron(4) Compounds: From Structural Curiosity to Synthetic Workhorse. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9091-161. [PMID: 27434758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 732] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although known for over 90 years, only in the past two decades has the chemistry of diboron(4) compounds been extensively explored. Many interesting structural features and reaction patterns have emerged, and more importantly, these compounds now feature prominently in both metal-catalyzed and metal-free methodologies for the formation of B-C bonds and other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Neeve
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Stephen J Geier
- Mount Allison University , Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | | | - Stephen A Westcott
- Mount Allison University , Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
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11
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Kleeberg C, Borner C. On the Reactivity of Silylboranes toward Lewis Bases: Heterolytic B-Si Cleavage vs. Adduct Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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13
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Oestreich M, Hartmann E, Mewald M. Activation of the Si–B Interelement Bond: Mechanism, Catalysis, and Synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 113:402-41. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oestreich
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Hartmann
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius Mewald
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Ohshita J, Kawamoto H, Kunai A, Ottosson H. Formation of Acylsilenolates from Bis(acyl)trisilanes as the Silicon Analogues of Acylenolates. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Kunai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Box 576, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Araujo da Silva JC, Pillot JP, Birot M, Desvergne JP, Liotard D, Rayez JC, Rayez MT. The Si–B chromophore: A joint experimental and theoretical investigation. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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