Synthesis of Dendrimers Terminated by Bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)amino Ligands and Use of Their Palladium Complexes for Catalyzing C−C Cross-Coupling Reactions

Specific Bifunctionalization on the Surface of Phosphorus Dendrimers Syntheses and Properties

Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules possessing, in most cases, identical terminal functions. However, it is sometimes desirable to have two types of surface functions in order to fulfil specific properties. The stochastic functionalization is frequently used for such purposes, but the presence of an uncontrolled number of each type of terminal function, albeit acceptable for research purposes, has no practical use. Thus, it is highly desirable to find strategies suitable for the precise grafting of two different functional groups on the surface of dendrimers. The easiest way, and the most widely used, consists in using a bifunctional monomer to be grafted to all of the surface functions of the dendrimers. Two other strategies are known but are rarely used: the modification of an existing function, to generate two functions, and the sequential grafting of one function then of a second function. The three methods are illustrated in this review with polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers, together with their properties as catalysts, for materials, and as biological tools.

Design, complexing and catalytic properties of phosphorus thiazoles and benzothiazoles: a concise overview

Playing with the versatile reactivity of thiazole and phosphorus derivatives leads to active ligands and complexes in catalysis.

Bifunctional Phosphorus Dendrimers and Their Properties

Dendrimers are hyperbranched and monodisperse macromolecules, generally considered as a special class of polymers, but synthesized step-by-step. Most dendrimers have a uniform structure, with a single type of terminal function. However, it is often desirable to have at least two different functional groups. This review will discuss the case of bifunctional phosphorus-containing dendrimers, and the consequences for their properties. Besides the terminal functions, dendritic structures may have also a function at the core, or linked off-center to the core, or at the core of dendrons (dendritic wedges). Association of two dendrons having different terminal functions leads to Janus dendrimers (two faces). The internal structure can also possess functional groups on one layer, or linked to one layer, or on several layers. Finally, there are several ways to have two types of terminal functions, besides the case of Janus dendrimers: either each terminal function bears two functions sequentially, or two different functions are linked to each terminal branching point. Examples of each type of structure will be given in this review, as well as practical uses of such sophisticated structures in the fields of fluorescence, catalysis, nanomaterials and biology.

The rhodium complex of bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)dopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and reusable catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins

MNPs functionalized with new bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)dopamine (bpd) for hydroformylation reaction.

Organophosphorus chemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers

Dendrimers are multifunctional, hyperbranched and perfectly defined macromolecules, synthesized layer after layer in an iterative manner. Besides the nature of the terminal groups responsible for most of the properties, the nature of the internal structure, and more precisely of the branching points, is also of crucial importance. For more than 15 years, we have demonstrated that the presence of phosphorus atom(s) at each branching point of the dendrimeric structure is particularly important and highly valuable for three main reasons: (i) the versatility of phosphorus chemistry that allows diversified organochemistry for the synthesis of dendrimers; (ii) the use of 31P-NMR, which is a highly valuable tool for the characterization of dendrimers; (iii) some properties (in the fields of catalysis, materials, and especially biology), that are directly connected to the nature of the internal structure and of the branching points. This review will give an overview of the methods of synthesis of phosphorus-containing dendrimers, as well on the ways to graft phosphorus derivatives as terminal groups, with emphasis on the various roles played by the chemistry of phosphorus.

Grafting of water-soluble phosphines to dendrimers and their use in catalysis: positive dendritic effects in aqueous media

Generations 1 to 3 of dendrimers ended by water-soluble phosphines are synthesized and their ruthenium complexes are used as catalysts in aqueous media; a slightly positive dendritic effect on the regioselectivity is observed for hydration of alkynes and a large positive dendritic effect is observed in the biphasic (water/heptane) catalysed isomerisation of allylic alcohols to ketones where the products are easily isolated and the catalyst can be reused several times, even the first generation.