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Philipp MSM, Bertermann R, Radius U. Activation of Ge-H and Sn-H Bonds with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202493. [PMID: 36177710 PMCID: PMC10100474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity of several N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 1-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylidene (cAACMe ) with the group 14 hydrides GeH2 Mes2 and SnH2 Me2 (Me=CH3 , Mes=1,3,5-(CH3 )3 C6 H2 ) is presented. The reaction of GeH2 Mes2 with cAACMe led to the insertion of cAACMe into one Ge-H bond to give cAACMe H-GeHMes2 (1). If 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Me2 ImMe ) was used as the carbene, NHC-mediated dehydrogenative coupling occurred, which led to the NHC-stabilized germylene Me2 ImMe ⋅GeMes2 (2). The reaction of SnH2 Me2 with cAACMe also afforded the insertion product cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3), and reaction of two equivalents Me2 ImMe with SnH2 Me2 gave the NHC-stabilized stannylene Me2 ImMe ⋅SnMe2 (4). If the sterically more demanding NHCs Me2 ImMe , 1,3-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene (iPr2 ImMe ) and 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene (Dipp2 Im) were employed, selective formation of cyclic oligomers (SnMe2 )n (5; n=5-8) in high yield was observed. These cyclic oligomers were also obtained from the controlled decomposition of cAACMe H-SnHMe2 (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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2
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Philipp MSM, Bertermann R, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Germanium(IV) and Tin(IV) Chlorides and Organyl Chlorides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Udo Radius
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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3
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Wohltmann WM, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Covalent triflates as synthons for silolyl- and germolyl cations. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9836-9842. [PMID: 35708108 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-silolyl and 1-germolyl triflates from the corresponding chlorides by salt metathesis reaction is reported. These covalent triflates are ideal starting materials for the preparation of ionic silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium triflates by their reaction with N-heterocyclic carbenes. Similarily, ionic silolyl- and germolyl-oxophosphonium triflates are obtained by substitution of the triflate group by triethylphosphane oxide Et3PO. The analysis of their 31P NMR chemical shifts according to the Gutmann-Beckett method reveal the high Lewis acidity of the underlying silolyl and germolyl cations. Further analysis of structural and NMR parameters of the silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium and oxophosphonium triflates indicates that these compounds are covalently bonded silole and germole derivatives with insignificant contributions from silolyl- or germolyl cations. Silolyl and germolyl triflates are however synthetic equivalents of these cations and might serve as a source for electrophilic silolyl and germolyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Marie Wohltmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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4
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Auer M, Diab F, Eichele K, Schubert H, Wesemann L. Reactivity of organogermanium and organotin trihydrides. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5950-5961. [PMID: 35348165 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00681b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organogermanium and organotin trihydrides (TbbEH3) [E = Ge (3), Sn (7)] with the Tbb substituent were synthesized by hydride substitution (Tbb = 2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-4-(t-Bu)C6H2). Deprotonation of the organoelement trihydrides 3 and 7 was studied in reaction with bases MeLi, BnK and LDA (Bn = benzyl, LDA = lithium diisopropylamide) to yield the deprotonation products (8-11) as lithium or potassium salts. Hydride abstraction from TbbSnH3 using the trityl salt [Ph3C][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] gives the salt [TbbSnH2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (12) which was stabilized by thf donor ligands [TbbSnH2(thf)2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (13). Tintrihydride 7 reacts with trialkylamine Et2MeN to give as the product of a reductive elimination of hydrogen the distannane (TbbSnH2)2 (14). Transfer of hydrogen was observed in reaction of trihydrides TbbEH3 (E = Ge, Sn) and Ar*GeH3 with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The NHC adduct TbbSnH(iPrNHC) (15) was synthesized at rt and the germanium hydrides exhibit hydrogen transfer at higher temperatures to give Ar*GeH(MeNHC) (16) and TbbGeH(MeNHC) (17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Auer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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Ackermann MT, Seidl M, Wen F, Ferguson MJ, Timoshkin AY, Rivard E, Scheer M. An NHC-Stabilized H 2 GeBH 2 Precursor for the Preparation of Cationic Group 13/14/15 Hydride Chains. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103780. [PMID: 34761837 PMCID: PMC9299135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and reactivity studies of the NHC-stabilized complex IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 OTf (1) (IDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) are reported. Nucleophilic substitution of the triflate (OTf) group in 1 by phosphine or arsine donors provides access to the cationic group 13/14/15 chains [IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 ERR1 R2 ]+ (2 E=P; R, R1 =H; R2 =t Bu; 3 E=P; R=H; R1 , R2 =Ph; 4 a E=P; R, R1 , R2 =Ph; 4 b E=As; R, R1 , R2 =Ph). These novel cationic chains were characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the formation of the parent complexes [IDipp ⋅ GeH2 BH2 PH3 ][OTf] (5) and [IDipp ⋅ GeH3 ][OTf] (6) were achieved by reaction of 1 with PH3 . Accompanying DFT computations give insight into the stability of the formed chains with respect to their decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Fuwei Wen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of ChemistrySaint Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskaya emb. 7/9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan Dr.EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany
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6
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Bankiewicz B, Kupfer S, Matczak P. Tuning the metal-ligand bond in the σ-complexes of stannylenes and azabenzenes. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2103-2115. [PMID: 34420225 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The metal-ligand bond in a set of 60 σ-complexes has been investigated by electronic structure computations. These σ-complexes originate from the unique combination of 12 stannylenes (SnX2 ) with five azabenzene ligands (pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and s-triazine), where the nitrogen center of the ligand acts as σ-donor and the tin(II) center as σ-acceptor in a 1:1 fashion. The Sn ← N bond and the total interaction between the stannylene and azabenzene moieties of the σ-complexes are characterized in depth to relate the Sn ← N strength to the substitution pattern at SnX2 and to the number and the positioning of N atoms in the azabenzenes. Such X substituents as (iso)cyano and trifluoromethyl groups enhance the interaction strength, while the presence of alkyl, phenyl, and silyl substituents in SnX2 diminishes the stability of σ-complexes. A gradual weakening of the total interaction is associated with the growing number of N atoms in the azabenzenes, while the N-atom positioning in pyridazine is particularly effective in strengthening the interaction with stannylenes. Variations in the Sn ← N bond strength usually follow those in the total interaction between the moieties but the interacting quantum atoms picture of Sn ← N reveals certain intriguing exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Piotr Matczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Lodz, Poland
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7
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Sharma MK, Ebeler F, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of a Ge(I) Diradicaloid and Dihydrogen Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:121-125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Falk Ebeler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Sinclair J, Dai G, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Brown A, Rivard E. Insight into the Decomposition Mechanism of Donor-Acceptor Complexes of EH 2 (E = Ge and Sn) and Access to Germanium Thin Films from Solution. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10996-11008. [PMID: 32686404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbenes (Lewis bases, LB) and electron-accepting Lewis acids (LA) have been used in tandem to yield donor-acceptor complexes of inorganic tetrelenes LB·EH2·LA (E = Si, Ge, and Sn). Herein, we introduce the new germanium (II) dihydride adducts ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (ImMe2 = (HCNMe)2C:) and ImiPr2Me2·GeH2·BH3 (ImiPr2Me2 = (MeCNiPr)2C:), with the former complex containing nearly 40 wt % germanium. The thermal release of bulk germanium from ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (and its deuterated isotopologue ImMe2·GeD2·BD3) was examined in solution, and a combined kinetic and computational investigation was undertaken to probe the mechanism by which Ge is liberated. Moreover, the thermolysis of ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 in solution cleanly affords conformal nanodimensional layers of germanium as thin films of variable thicknesses (20-70 nm) on silicon wafers. We also conducted a computational investigation into potential decomposition pathways for the germanium(II)- and tin(II)-dihydride complexes NHC·EH2·BH3 (NHC = [(HCNR)2C:]; R = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (Dipp), Me, and H; and E = Ge and Sn). Overall, this study introduces a mild and convenient solution-only protocol for the deposition of thin films of Ge, a widely used semiconductor in materials research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2215009 Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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10
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Rao B, Kinjo R. A Cyclic (Alkyl)(boryl)germylene Derived from a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)germylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18150-18153. [PMID: 31596041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)germylene undergoes a ring expansion reaction with dibromomesitylborane (MesBBr2 ) to afford a six-membered dibromogermane derivative. In the presence of Lewis bases (PMe3 or Me NHC), reduction of the latter with two equivalents of potassium graphite (KC8 ) gives rise to cyclic (alkyl)(boryl)germylene-Lewis base adducts. Upon heating, the germylene-PMe3 adduct reacts with H2 to yield a germane, probably via a base-free germylene featuring a small HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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11
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Rao B, Kinjo R. A Cyclic (Alkyl)(boryl)germylene Derived from a Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)germylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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12
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Suter R, Swidan A, Macdonald CLB, Burford N, Ferguson MJ. Halogen and Sulfur Oxidation of Germanium and Tin Dications. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6238-6245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Ala’aeddeen Swidan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Charles L. B. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3 V6, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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13
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Müller C, Andrada DM, Bischoff IA, Zimmer M, Huch V, Steinbrück N, Schäfer A. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding Analysis of Tin(II) Dihalide and Cyclopentadienyltin(II) Halide (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inga-Alexandra Bischoff
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Nils Steinbrück
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
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14
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Dong Z, Albers L, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germacalicene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2018; 25:1098-1105. [PMID: 30450653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the germacalicene 7 from the reaction of the dipotassium germole dianion K2 [6] with 1,2-bis-diisopropylamino-3-chlorocyclopropenyl perchlorate is reported. Based on the crystal structure analysis and the results of DFT calculations, the germacalicene 7 can be viewed as a cyclopropenium germacyclopentadienide ylide that is isoelectronic to α-cationic phosphanes. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the isolation of the air- and moisture-stable carbonyl iron complex 15 and the cationic silver complex 20. One-electron oxidation of the germacalicene 7 was achieved by its reaction with [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and the bis-cationic Ge-Ge-bonded dimer 22 was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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15
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Zaremba R, Dranka M, Trzaskowski B, Chęcińska L, Horeglad P. Probing the M–CNHC Bond and Its Effect on the Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of R2MOR(NHC) (M = Al, Ga, In) Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Zaremba
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilianna Chęcińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Horeglad
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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17
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Müller C, Stahlich A, Wirtz L, Gretsch C, Huch V, Schäfer A. Carbene Complexes of Stannocenes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8050-8053. [PMID: 29952561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Angelika Stahlich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Claude Gretsch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
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18
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Suter R, Gray PA, Burford N, McDonald R. Tris(1‐methyl‐imidazol‐2‐yl)phosphane Complexes of Pnictogen, Tetrel, and Triel Cations. Chemistry 2018; 24:4718-4723. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Paul A. Gray
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray Crystallography LaboratoryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2T2 Canada
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19
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Nie P, Li Y, Yu Q, Li B, Zhu H, Wen T. β‐Diketiminato–Germylene Complexes of Carbonyl Ruthenium: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Ting‐Bin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols‐Ethers‐Esters Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
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20
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Iversen KJ, Dutton JL, Wilson DJD. Insertion of Group 12–16 Hydrides into NHCs: A Theoretical Investigation. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1499-1508. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalon J. Iversen
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
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Dong Z, Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germylene Stabilized by Homoconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15899-15904. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
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23
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Dong Z, Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germylene Stabilized by Homoconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
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24
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Zabula AV, Guzei IA, West R, Li J, Rogachev AY. Oligomerization of N-Heterocyclic Silylene into Zwitterionic Silenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Robert West
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; 3101 S. Dearborn St. Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; 3101 S. Dearborn St. Chicago IL 60616 USA
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25
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Zabula AV, Guzei IA, West R, Li J, Rogachev AY. Oligomerization of N-Heterocyclic Silylene into Zwitterionic Silenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13465-13469. [PMID: 27654127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC's) are known to serve as efficient substrates for the stabilization of various transient species possessing low-valent Group 14 elements and for the generation of double E=C bonds. Herein, we report that the thermal tri- and tetramerizations of pyridoannulated silylene 1 lead to the formation of remarkably stable silenes 2 and 3 featuring zwitterionic distribution of electron density. Co-oligomerization of 1 and its germanium analogue gives a related tetrameric product 4 containing low-valent germanium atom stabilized by binding with the partial carbene-character C atom. Bonding situations in 2-4 are best described as silene or germene with the significant zwitterionic distribution of electron density. The singlet diradical electronic state of 2 is 10 kcal mol-1 higher than the ground state configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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26
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Cybularczyk M, Dranka M, Zachara J, Horeglad P. Effect of In–CNHC Bonds on the Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Dialkylindium Alkoxides: How Indium Compares to Gallium. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Cybularczyk
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zachara
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Horeglad
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Lutters D, Merk A, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. The Silicon Version of Phosphine Chalcogenides: Synthesis and Bonding Analysis of Stabilized Heavy Silaaldehydes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9026-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lutters
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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28
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Lutters D, Severin C, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Activation of 7-Silanorbornadienes by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Selective Way to N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Silylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6061-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lutters
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Claudia Severin
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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29
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Zaitsev KV, Cherepakhin VS, Churakov AV, Peregudov AS, Tarasevich BN, Egorov MP, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Extending the family of stable heavier carbenes: New tetrylenes based on N,N,O-ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Siwatch RK, Karwasara S, Sharma MK, Mondal S, Mukherjee G, Rajaraman G, Nagendran S. Reactivity of LGe–NR2 and LGe(E)–NR2 over LGe–Cl and LGe(E)–Cl toward Me3SiX (L = Aminotroponiminate; NR2 = N(SiMe3)2/NC4H4; E = S/Se; X = Br/CN). Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Siwatch
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Surendar Karwasara
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Santigopal Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Goutam Mukherjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India
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31
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Lepetit C, Maraval V, Canac Y, Chauvin R. On the nature of the dative bond: Coordination to metals and beyond. The carbon case. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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32
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Kitschke P, Rüffer T, Korb M, Lang H, Schneider WB, Auer AA, Mehring M. Intramolecular C–O Insertion of a Germanium(II) Salicyl Alcoholate: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kitschke
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany,www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Anorganische Chemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang B. Schneider
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftsstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftsstraße 34–36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Professur Koordinationschemie, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany,www.tu‐chemnitz.de/chemie/koord/
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33
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Horeglad P, Cybularczyk M, Trzaskowski B, Żukowska GZ, Dranka M, Zachara J. Dialkylgallium Alkoxides Stabilized with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Opportunities and Limitations for the Controlled and Stereoselective Polymerization of rac-Lactide. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Horeglad
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Cybularczyk
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre
of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Zofia Żukowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zachara
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Inomata K, Watanabe T, Tobita H. Cationic Metallogermylene and Dicationic Dimetallodigermenes: Synthesis by Chloride Abstraction from N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Chlorometallogermylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14341-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koya Inomata
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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35
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Hanson MA, Terskikh VV, Baines KM, Huang Y. Chlorine-35 Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of Germanium Oxidation State and Coordination Environment in Germanium Chlorides. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:7377-88. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500728w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Victor V. Terskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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36
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Prabusankar G, Sathyanarayana A, Suresh P, Naga Babu C, Srinivas K, Metla BPR. N-heterocyclic carbene supported heavier group 14 elements: Recent progress and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Horeglad P, Ablialimov O, Szczepaniak G, Dąbrowska AM, Dranka M, Zachara J. Dialkylgallium Complexes with Alkoxide and Aryloxide Ligands Possessing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Functionalities: Synthesis and Structure. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400863y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Horeglad
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Osman Ablialimov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Dąbrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego
3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zachara
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego
3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Al-Rafia SMI, Momeni MR, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Brown A, Rivard E. Stable Complexes of Parent Digermene: An Inorganic Analogue of Ethylene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400361n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ibrahim Al-Rafia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mohammad R. Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan
Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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39
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Al-Rafia SMI, Shynkaruk O, McDonald SM, Liew SK, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Herber RH, Rivard E. Synthesis and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Formal Tin(II) Dichloride and Dihydride Species Supported by Lewis Acids and Bases. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5581-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ibrahim Al-Rafia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sean M. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sean K. Liew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rolfe H. Herber
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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40
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Tashita SY, Watanabe T, Tobita H. Synthesis of a Base-stabilized (Chlorogermyl)metallogermylene and Its Photochemical Conversion to a (Chlorogermyl)germylyne Complex. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Tashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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Gurnani C, Hector AL, Jager E, Levason W, Pugh D, Reid G. Tin(ii) fluoride vs. tin(ii) chloride – a comparison of their coordination chemistry with neutral ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8364-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Kocsor TG, Matioszek D, Nemeş G, Castel A, Escudié J, Petrar PM, Saffon N, Haiduc I. Chalcogeno[bis(phosphaalkenyl)] Germanium and Tin Compounds. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:7782-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300810q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor-Gabor Kocsor
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069, 118 Route de
Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09,
France
- Departamentul de
Chimie Anorganică,
Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Str. M. Kogălniceanu,
Nr: 1, RO-400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dimitri Matioszek
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069, 118 Route de
Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09,
France
| | - Gabriela Nemeş
- Departamentul de
Chimie Anorganică,
Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Str. M. Kogălniceanu,
Nr: 1, RO-400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Annie Castel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069, 118 Route de
Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09,
France
| | - Jean Escudié
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, LHFA, UMR 5069, 118 Route de
Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09,
France
| | - Petronela M. Petrar
- Departamentul de
Chimie Anorganică,
Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Str. M. Kogălniceanu,
Nr: 1, RO-400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Service Commun Rayons X, ICT-FR2599,
118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - Ionel Haiduc
- Departamentul de
Chimie Anorganică,
Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Str. M. Kogălniceanu,
Nr: 1, RO-400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Kostina SS, Singh T, Leigh WJ. Electronic and Steric Effects on the Lewis Acidities of Transient Silylenes and Germylenes: Equilibrium Constants for Complexation with Chalcogen and Pnictogen Donors. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S. Kostina
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Tishaan Singh
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - William J. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Broeckaert L, Geerlings P, Růžička A, Willem R, Proft FD. Can Aromatic π-Clouds Complex Divalent Germanium and Tin Compounds? A DFT Study. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om100903h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleš Růžička
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Pardubice
53210, Czech Republic
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Böttcher T, Bassil BS, Röschenthaler GV. Complexes of Ge(IV)- and Sn(IV)-Fluorides with Cyclic and Acyclic Carbenes: Bis(dialkylamino)-difluoromethylenes as Carbene Sources. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:763-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202008m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Böttcher
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs
University
Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bassem S. Bassil
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs
University
Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Canac Y, Maaliki C, Abdellah I, Chauvin R. Carbeniophosphanes and their carbon → phosphorus → metal ternary complexes. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20808j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Katir N, Matioszek D, Ladeira S, Escudié J, Castel A. Stable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Hypermetallyl Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Katir N, Matioszek D, Ladeira S, Escudié J, Castel A. Stable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Hypermetallyl Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5352-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Hector AL, Levason W, Reid G, Webster M, Zhang W. Supramolecular assemblies of germanium(ii) halides with O-, S- and Se-donor macrocycles – the effects of donor atom type upon structure. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:694-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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