1
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Kiefer FJ, Kostenko A, Holzner R, Inoue S. A neutral crystalline imino-substituted silyl radical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8577-8580. [PMID: 39045633 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The neutral three-coordinated imino(silyl)silyl radical was isolated from the reaction of N-heterocyclic iminosilicon tribromide (ItBuN-SiBr3) with NaSitBu2Me. The radical was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and supported by quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Kiefer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wacker-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wacker-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Richard Holzner
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wacker-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Wacker-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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2
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Koike T, Osawa R, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of a Stable π‐Type 3‐Electron‐2‐Center‐Bonded Species: A Silicon Analogue of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117584. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Raiki Osawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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3
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Koike T, Osawa R, Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of a Stable π‐Type 3‐Electron‐2‐Center‐Bonded Species: A Silicon Analogue of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Radical Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Raiki Osawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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4
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Juliá F, Constantin T, Leonori D. Applications of Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) for the Generation of Carbon Radicals in Synthetic Photochemistry and Photocatalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2292-2352. [PMID: 34882396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The halogen-atom transfer (XAT) is one of the most important and applied processes for the generation of carbon radicals in synthetic chemistry. In this review, we summarize and highlight the most important aspects associated with XAT and the impact it has had on photochemistry and photocatalysis. The organization of the material starts with the analysis of the most important mechanistic aspects and then follows a subdivision based on the nature of the reagents used in the halogen abstraction. This review aims to provide a general overview of the fundamental concepts and main agents involved in XAT processes with the objective of offering a tool to understand and facilitate the development of new synthetic radical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothée Constantin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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5
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Chen Y, Chen Z, Jiang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Roesky HW. One- and Two-Electron Transfer Oxidation of 1,4-Disilabenzene with Formation of Stable Radical Cations and Dications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103715. [PMID: 34837718 PMCID: PMC9299862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electron‐transferable oxidants such as B(C6F5)3/nBuLi, B(C6F5)3/LiB(C6F5)4, B(C6F5)3/LiHBEt3, Al(C6F5)3/(o‐RC6H4)AlH2 (R=N(CMe2CH2)2CH2), B(C6F5)3/AlEt3, Al(C6F5)3, Al(C6F5)3/nBuLi, Al(C6F5)3/AlMe3, (CuC6F5)4, and Ag2SO4, respectively were employed for reactions with (L)2Si2C4(SiMe3)2(C2SiMe3)2 (L=PhC(NtBu)2, 1). The stable radical cation [1]+. was formed and paired with the anions [nBuB(C6F5)3]− (in 2), [B(C6F5)4]− (in 3), [HB(C6F5)3]− (in 4), [EtB(C6F5)3]− (in 5), {[(C6F5)3Al]2(μ‐F)]− (in 6), [nBuAl(C6F5)3]− (in 7), and [Cu(C6F5)2]− (in 8), respectively. The stable dication [1]2+ was also generated with the anions [EtB(C6F5)3]− (9) and [MeAl(C6F5)3]− (10), respectively. In addition, the neutral compound [(L)2Si2C4(SiMe3)2(C2SiMe3)2][μ‐O2S(O)2] (11) was obtained. Compounds 2–11 are characterized by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. Compounds 2–8 are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and compounds 9–11 by NMR spectroscopy. The structure features are discussed on the central Si2C4‐rings of 1, [1]+., [1]2+, and 11, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liuyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yiling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Balatoni I, Hlina J, Zitz R, Pöcheim A, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. β-Amino- and Alkoxy-Substituted Disilanides. Molecules 2019; 24:E3823. [PMID: 31652810 PMCID: PMC6864825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study on formal halide adducts of disilenes led to the investigation of the synthesis and properties of β-fluoro- and chlorodisilanides. The reaction of the functionalized neopentasilanes (Me3Si)3SiSiPh2NEt2 and (Me3Si)3SiSiMe2OMe with KOtBu in the presence of 18-crown-6 provided access to structurally related β-alkoxy- and amino-substituted disilanides. The obtained Et2NPh2Si(Me3Si)2SiK·18-crown-6 was converted to a magnesium silanide and further on to Et2NPh2Si(Me3Si)2Si-substituted ziroconocene and hafnocene chlorides. In addition, an example of a silanide containing both Et2NPh2Si and FPh2Si groups was prepared with moderate selectivity. Also, the analogous germanide Et2NPh2Si(Me3Si)2GeK·18-crown-6 could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Balatoni
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rainer Zitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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7
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Holzner R, Kaushansky A, Tumanskii B, Frisch P, Linsenmann F, Inoue S. Isolation of a Relatively Air-Stable, Bulky Silyl-Substituted, Neutral Silicon-Centered Radical. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Shulich Faculty of Chemistry; TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Shulich Faculty of Chemistry; TechnionIsrael Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Fabian Linsenmann
- Chair of Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry; WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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8
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Li J, Wu J. Recent Developments in the Photo‐Mediated Generation of Silyl Radicals and Their Application in Organic Synthesis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie‐Sheng Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Republic of Singapore 117543
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Republic of Singapore 117543
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9
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Chandra Mondal K, Roy S, Roesky HW. Silicon based radicals, radical ions, diradicals and diradicaloids. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1080-111. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diradical (cAAC˙)2SiCl2 is isolated in two polymorphic forms. The crystals of one of the polymorphs are stable in open air for over a week.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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10
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Taira K, Ichinohe M, Sekiguchi A. Isolable Aryl-Substituted Silyl Radicals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2014; 20:9342-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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12
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Sheberla D, Tumanskii B, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Molev G, Molev V, Lee VY, Takanashi K, Sekiguchi A, Apeloig Y. Electronic Structure of Bis(silyl)carbon-, Bis(silyl)silicon-, and Bis(silyl)germanium-Centered Radicals (R3Si)2XE• (E = C, Si, Ge; X = H, Re(CO)5, F): EPR and DFT Studies. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Sheberla
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Gregory Molev
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Victoria Molev
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takanashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Department of Chemistry
and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Zeitouny J, Jouikov V. Reversed redox generation of silyl radicals in a four-electrode flow-through EPR spectroelectrochemical cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7161-70. [PMID: 19672525 DOI: 10.1039/b905072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flow-through four-electrode EPR spectroelectrochemical cell was developed which allowed the observation of silyl radical formation in apparently multielectron electrochemical processes, in which these species could not be detected directly because of the high driving force of their further reduction/oxidation leading to non-paramagnetic products. Silyl radicals thus generated were characterized by spin trapping with alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), intramolecular spin trapping or by direct detection. The overall multielectron process is realized in the first, generating, compartment of the cell and the ionic species formed are then transformed into the corresponding radicals in the second compartment via a one-electron redox process in the opposite direction, e.g. two-electron reductions of Ph(3)SiCl or Et(3)SiCl followed by one-electron oxidation of the resulting Ph(3)Si(-) or Et(3)Si(-) anions (+2e/-e process). These radical species were then identified as their secondary paramagnetic products or by their spin trapping with PBN. Using (2-[cyclohex-3-enyl]ethyl)dimethyl chlorosilane in this process, the formation of the silicon-centered radical and its intramolecular addition across the internal double bond were evidenced by spin trapping. The reduction of electrophilic silicon intermediates issued from the oxidation of Ph(3)SiSiPh(3) (-2e/+2e process) resulted in Ph(3)Si* radicals trapped with PBN. The reduction of the electrochemically prepared persistent dication of a stable disilene, thiatetrasilacyclopentene, allowed generation of a disilene cation radical characterized by EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joceline Zeitouny
- UMR 6510 Molecular Chemistry and Photonics, University of Rennes I, Rennes, France
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14
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Lee VY, Nakamoto M, Sekiguchi A. Making Stable Radicals of Heavy Elements of Groups 14 and 13: The Might of Silyl Substitution. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Kira M, Iwamoto T. Progress in the Chemistry of Stable Disilenes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(05)54003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Lee VY, Sekiguchi A. Si‐, Ge‐, and Sn‐Centered Free Radicals: From Phantom Species toGrams‐Order‐Scale Materials. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
| | - Akira Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8571, Japan
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17
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Azinović D, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Bendikov M, Apeloig Y, Tumanskii B, Vepřek S. Spectroscopic studies of the role of silyl radicals in photolysis of polysilanes. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Power PP. Persistent and stable radicals of the heavier main group elements and related species. Chem Rev 2003; 103:789-810. [PMID: 12630853 DOI: 10.1021/cr020406p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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19
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Nishiyama Y, Kajimoto H, Kotani K, Nishida T, Sonoda N. Reaction of carbonyl compounds with trialkylsilyl phenylselenide and tributylstannyl hydride under radical conditions. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5696-700. [PMID: 12153271 DOI: 10.1021/jo025681q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds has been developed. When carbonyl compounds were allowed to react with trimethylsilyl phenylselenide and tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN as the radical initiator, hydrosilylation of the carbonyl compounds efficiently proceeded to give the corresponding silyl ethers in moderate to good yields. In the absence of carbonyl compounds, the triethylsilyl hydride was obtained by the reaction of PhSeSiEt(3) with Bu(3)SnH. Although the tributylgermyl phenylselenide instead of PhSeSiMe(3) was treated with tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a benzaldehyde under radical conditions, hydrogermylated product was not obtained and tributylgermyl hydride was mainly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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20
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Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Yuzefovich M, Sigal N, Korogodsky G, Klinkhammer K, Tumanskii B, Shames A, Apeloig Y. The Synthesis of the First Compound with Li-Si-Hg Bonding: [{Li(iPr3Si)2Si}2Hg]—a Source for the [Li(iPr3Si)2Si]. Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020215)41:4<649::aid-anie649>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Yuzefovich M, Sigal N, Korogodsky G, Klinkhammer K, Tumanskii B, Shames A, Apeloig Y. The Synthesis of the First Compound with Li-Si-Hg Bonding: [{Li(iPr3Si)2Si}2Hg]—a Source for the [Li(iPr3Si)2Si]. Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020215)114:4<671::aid-ange671>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Sekiguchi A, Matsuno T, Ichinohe M. Cyclotetrasilenyl: the first isolable silyl radical. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12436-7. [PMID: 11734056 DOI: 10.1021/ja011617z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Sekiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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23
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Nishiyama Y, Kajimoto H, Kotani K, Sonoda N. Hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds using a PhSeSiMe(3)/Bu(3)SnH/AIBN system. Org Lett 2001; 3:3087-9. [PMID: 11574001 DOI: 10.1021/ol0162567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] When carbonyl compounds were allowed to react with phenyl trimethylsilyl selenide and tributylstannyl hydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN as a radical initiator, the hydrosilylation of the carbonyl compounds efficiently proceeded to give the corresponding silyl ethers in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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24
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Kira M, Ishima T, Iwamoto T, Ichinohe M. A mechanistic study of reactions of stable disilenes with haloalkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:1676-82. [PMID: 11456767 DOI: 10.1021/ja002798s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of the reactions of three tetrakis(trialkylsilyl)disilenes and a tetraaryldisilene with various haloalkanes such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, which gave the corresponding 1-alkyl-2-chlorodisilanes and/or 1,2-dichlorodisilanes, were investigated in detail. As evidenced by an ESR observation of an intermediate radical, these reactions were quite unusual, forming neutral radical pairs from two closed shell molecules at the first step; no similar reactions have been observed between alkenes and haloalkanes. Low oxidation potentials of these disilenes, large negative activation entropies, and solvent effects for the rates are in good accord with the direct halogen abstraction of disilenes from haloalkanes instead of single-electron transfer at the rate-determining first step. The structure--reactivity relationship of the reactions and the Hammond postulate suggest that the transition state structures for the first step are similar to those for the halogen abstraction by silyl radicals, but more product-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Kira M, Obata T, Kon I, Hashimoto H, Ichinohe M, Sakurai H, Kyushin S, Matsumoto H. Persistent Tris(t-butyldimethylsilyl)silyl Radical and Its New Generation Methods. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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