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Caravez JC, Iyer KS, Kavthe RD, Kincaid JRA, Lipshutz BH. A 1-Pot Synthesis of the SARS-CoV-2 M pro Inhibitor Nirmatrelvir, the Key Ingredient in Paxlovid. Org Lett 2022; 24:9049-9053. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Caravez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Karthik S. Iyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rahul D. Kavthe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Joseph R. A. Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Dunetz JR, Magano J, Weisenburger GA. Large-Scale Applications of Amide Coupling Reagents for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/op500305s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process
Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Magano J, Dunetz JR. Large-Scale Carbonyl Reductions in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op2003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Joshua R. Dunetz
- Chemical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Martinelli J, Gugliotta G, Tei L. Synthesis of 6-Substituted 6-Nitroperhydro-1,4-diazepines via Novel Tandem Retro-Henry and Mannich/Michael Reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:716-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203101s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gugliotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tei
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Connolly TJ, Auguscinski W, Fung P, Galante R, Liu W, McGovern L, Sebastian A, Shen X, Shi X, Wilk B, Varsalona R, Zhong H. Development of a Pilot-Plant-Scale Synthesis of an Alkylated Dihydrobenzothiadiazole S,S-Dioxide: Incorporation of a Late-Stage Mitsunobu Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op100113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence J. Connolly
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Waldemar Auguscinski
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Peter Fung
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Rocco Galante
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Linda McGovern
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Alice Sebastian
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Xiaole Shen
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Xinxu Shi
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Boguslawa Wilk
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Richard Varsalona
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- Chemical Development, Wyeth Research, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, U.S.A., and Wyeth Research, 64 Maple Street, Rouses Point, New York 12979, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Atkins
- BASF Corporation, 1424 Mars-Evans City Road, Evans City, Pennsylvania 16033, U.S.A
| | | | - Karl Matos
- BASF Corporation, 1424 Mars-Evans City Road, Evans City, Pennsylvania 16033, U.S.A
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Hirokawa Y, Fujiwara I, Suzuki K, Harada H, Yoshikawa T, Yoshida N, Kato S. Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides with potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activity. J Med Chem 2003; 46:702-15. [PMID: 12593651 DOI: 10.1021/jm020270n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A structurally original series of N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamides derived from the corresponding benzamide 5 were prepared and evaluated for their binding affinity for the dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors using rat striatum and rat cortical membrane, respectively. Many of the synthesized pyridine-3-carboxamides exhibited nanomolar binding affinity for the serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor along with moderate to high binding affinity for the dopamine D(2) receptor. Introduction of the more lipophilic bromine atom and methylamino group at the 5- and 6-positions of the pyridine ring, respectively, enhanced the affinity for the dopamine D(2) receptor while keeping a potent serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor binding affinity. As a result of structure-affinity relationships, the 5-bromo-2-methoxy-6-methylaminopyridine-3-carboxamide 53 was selected as the most promising product showing a high binding affinity for both receptors. Compound 53 affinity for the dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors was much more potent than that of metoclopramide (dopamine D(2) receptor; 23.3 nM vs 444 nM, serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor; 0.97 nM vs 228 nM). Optical resolution of the racemate 53 brought about a dramatic change in the pharmacological profile with (R)-53 exhibiting a strong affinity for both the dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors, while the corresponding (S)-53 had a potent serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor binding affinity and a moderate dopamine D(2) receptor binding affinity. X-ray crystallographic study of (R)-53 revealed the existence of two energically stable conformers just like two mirror images. This may account for (R)-53 high affinity for both the dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors. Pharmacologically, (R)-53 [AS-8112] showed a potent antagonistic activity for both the dopamine D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(3) receptors in vivo tests and dose-dependently inhibited both the incidence and frequency of emetic episodes induced by cisplatin (ferrets) and morphine (dogs) with ID(50) values of 27.1 microg/kg, po and 136 microg/kg, po, respectively. On the basis of this pharmacological profile, (R)-53 is now under further investigation as a potential broad antiemetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Hirokawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Chemistry Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Enoki 33-94, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan.
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Hirokawa Y, Harada H, Yoshikawa T, Yoshida N, Kato S. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(1,4-dialkylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)-2-methoxybenzamide derivatives, novel and potent serotonin 5-HT3 and dopamine D2 receptors dual antagonist. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:941-59. [PMID: 12130853 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In search of a dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors dual antagonist as a potential broad antiemetic agent, a number of benzamides were prepared from 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid derivatives and 6-amino-1,4-dialkylhexahydro-1,4-diazepines and evaluated for their binding affinity for the dopamine D2 and the serotonin 5-HT3 receptors using rat brain synaptic and rat cortical membranes, respectively. From the results of both in vitro receptor binding and in vivo biological assays for the dopamine D2 receptor, 1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepine ring was selected as an optimum amine moiety. Introduction of one methyl group on the nitrogen atom at the 4-position and/or modification of the substituent at the 5-position of the 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl moiety caused a marked increase in the dopamine D2 receptor binding affinity along with a potent 5-HT3 receptor binding affinity. Among the compounds, 5-chloro-N-(1-ethyl-4-methylhexahydro-1,4-diazepin-6-yl)-2-methoxy-4-methylaminobenzamide (82), 5-bromo (110), and 5-iodo (112) analogues exhibited a much higher affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor than that of metoclopramide (IC50=17.5-61.0 nM vs. 483 nM). In particular, 82 showed a potent antagonistic activity for both receptors in vivo tests. Optical resolution of the racemate 82 brought about a dramatic change in the pharmacological profile with the (R)-enantiomer exhibiting a strong affinity for both the dopamine D2 and the 5-HT3 receptors, while the corresponding (S)-enantiomer had a potent and selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Hirokawa
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Chemistry Research Laboratories, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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