1
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Su C, Dallaston MA, Watson RD, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Cameron JP, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Savage GP, Williams CM. The (±)-5-Aza[1.0]triblattane Skeleton via Azetine Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2024; 26:2827-2831. [PMID: 38253345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the 5-aza[1.0]triblattane skeleton was achieved through a [4 + 2] cycloaddition approach using a suitably protected azetine and cyclopentadiene. A series of azetines were synthesized to explore both stability and suitable N-protection. The key step following cycloaddition utilized a noninitiated protonated aminyl radical cyclization to install the final 5-azatriblattane bond, but it was found to be considerably more unstable than the 6-aza isomer under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Su
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Madeleine A Dallaston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Renée D Watson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Tyler Fahrenhorst-Jones
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Jacob P Cameron
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Gregory K Pierens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
| | - G Paul Savage
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Melbourne, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland Australia
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2
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Toda Y, Shishido M, Aoki T, Sukegawa K, Suga H. Switchable synthesis of cyclic carbamates by carbon dioxide fixation at atmospheric pressure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6672-6675. [PMID: 34132256 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The base-promoted switchable synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic carbamates using atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide as the C1 source was developed. The chemoselectivity of products was simply controlled by changing bases and solvents. The reaction proceeds effectively under mild conditions, affording valuable cyclic carbamates. Experimental results and DFT studies revealed the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Toda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Minoru Shishido
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aoki
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiya Sukegawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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3
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Lim JJ, Arrington K, Dunn AL, Leitch DC, Andrews I, Curtis NR, Hughes MJ, Tray DR, Wade CE, Whiting MP, Goss C, Liu YC, Roesch BM. A Flow Process Built upon a Batch Foundation—Preparation of a Key Amino Alcohol Intermediate via Multistage Continuous Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Jin Lim
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Kenneth Arrington
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Anna L. Dunn
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David C. Leitch
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Andrews
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil R. Curtis
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mark J. Hughes
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Daniel R. Tray
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Charles E. Wade
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matthew P. Whiting
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Charles Goss
- Chemical Development, Product and Process Engineering, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Yangmu Chloe Liu
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Brian M. Roesch
- Chemical Development, API Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
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4
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De Savi C, Hughes DL, Kvaerno L. Quest for a COVID-19 Cure by Repurposing Small-Molecule Drugs: Mechanism of Action, Clinical Development, Synthesis at Scale, and Outlook for Supply. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:940-976. [PMID: 37556267 PMCID: PMC7294877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred an intense global effort to repurpose existing approved drugs for its treatment. In this review, we highlight the development of seven small-molecule drugs that are currently being assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19. Three sections are presented for each drug: (1) history, mechanism of action, and status of clinical trials; (2) scalable synthetic routes and final forms; and (3) outlook for supply should clinical trials show treatment efficacy. A brief overview of diagnostic testing and vaccine development is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris De Savi
- Kymera
Therapeutics, 300 Technology Square, Second Floor,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United
States
| | - David L. Hughes
- Cidara Therapeutics,
Inc., 6310 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 101, San
Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisbet Kvaerno
- Hypha Discovery
Ltd, 154C Brook Drive, Milton Science Park,
Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
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5
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Feskov IO, Chernykh AV, Kuchkovska YO, Daniliuc CG, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO. 3-((Hetera)cyclobutyl)azetidines, “Stretched” Analogues of Piperidine, Piperazine, and Morpholine: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1363-1371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Illia O. Feskov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliya O. Kuchkovska
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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6
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Wright K, Drouillat B, Menguy L, Marrot J, Couty F. The von Braun Reaction Applied to Azetidines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Bruno Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Laurence Menguy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - François Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles; UMR 8180; Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Université Paris Saclay; 45 av. des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
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7
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Engelsma SB, Willems LI, van Paaschen CE, van Kasteren SI, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Filippov DV. Acylazetine as a Dienophile in Bioorthogonal Inverse Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Ligation. Org Lett 2014; 16:2744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander B. Engelsma
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne I. Willems
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia E. van Paaschen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Hodgson DM, Pearson CI, Thompson AL. α-Lithiation-electrophile trapping of N-thiopivaloylazetidin-3-ol: stereoselective synthesis of 2-substituted 3-hydroxyazetidines. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1098-106. [PMID: 23305091 DOI: 10.1021/jo3025225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Lithiation of N-thiopivaloylazetidin-3-ol and subsequent electrophile trapping provides access to a range of 2-substituted 3-hydroxyazetidines with generally good trans-diastereoselectivity, aside from deuteration, which gives the cis-diastereoisomer. Deuterium labeling studies indicate that the initial α-deprotonation occurs preferentially, but not exclusively, in a trans-selective manner. These studies also suggest that the stereochemical outcome of the electrophile trapping depends on the electrophile used but is independent of which α-proton (cis or trans to the hydroxyl group) is initially removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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9
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Davis TA, Danneman MW, Johnston JN. Chiral proton catalysis of secondary nitroalkane additions to azomethine: synthesis of a potent GlyT1 inhibitor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5578-80. [PMID: 22543734 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of a potent GlyT1 inhibitor is described. A 3-nitroazetidine donor is used in an enantioselective aza-Henry reaction catalyzed by a bis(amidine)-triflic acid salt organocatalyst, delivering the key intermediate with 92% ee. This adduct is reductively denitrated and converted to the target through a short sequence, thereby allowing assignment of the absolute configuration of the more potent enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1822, USA
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10
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Dillon BR, Roberts DF, Entwistle DA, Glossop PA, Knight CJ, Laity DA, James K, Praquin CF, Strang RS, Watson CAL. Development of a Scaleable Synthesis of a Geminal Dimethyl Tertiary Amine as an Inhaled Muscarinic Antagonist for the Treatment of COPD. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op200233r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry R. Dillon
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Dannielle F. Roberts
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - David A. Entwistle
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Paul A. Glossop
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Craig J. Knight
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Daniel A. Laity
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Kim James
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Celine F. Praquin
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Ross S. Strang
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Christine A. L. Watson
- Department
of Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, †Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
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11
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Krishna Reddy VVRM, Udaykiran D, Chintamani U, Mahesh Reddy E, Kameswararao C, Madhusudhan G. Development of an Optimized Process for the Preparation of 1-Benzylazetidin-3-ol: An Industrially Important Intermediate for Substituted Azetidine. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op100247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. R. M. Krishna Reddy
- Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - D. Udaykiran
- Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - U.S. Chintamani
- Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - E. Mahesh Reddy
- Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - Ch. Kameswararao
- Analytical Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
| | - G. Madhusudhan
- Research and Development, Inogent Laboratories Private Limited, (A GVK BIO Company), 28A, IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500076, India
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12
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Rai A, Yadav LDS. Strategic applications of Baylis–Hillman adducts to general syntheses of 3-nitroazetidines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8058-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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