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Toward the institutionalization of quantum computing in pharmaceutical research. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:378-383. [PMID: 34688911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innovative pharmaceutical companies have started to explore quantum computing (QC). In this article, we provide a collective industry perspective from QC domain leaders at leading pharmaceutical companies. There are immediate nonfinancial benefits in engaging with QC, some likely financial returns in the short term in drug development, manufacturing, and supply chain, and potentially large scientific benefits in drug discovery long term. We discuss the required activities for institutionalizing QC: how to create an understanding of QC among researchers and management, which and how to deploy external resources, and how to identify the problems to be addressed with QC. If (and once) deployable, QC will likely have a similar trajectory to that of computer-aided drug design (CADD) and artificial intelligence (AI) during the 1990s and 2010s, respectively.
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2
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Puglisi A, Rossi S. Stereoselective organocatalysis and flow chemistry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic synthesis has traditionally been performed in batch. Continuous-flow chemistry was recently rediscovered as an enabling technology to be applied to the synthesis of organic molecules. Organocatalysis is a well-established methodology, especially for the preparation of enantioenriched compounds. In this chapter we discuss the use of chiral organocatalysts in continuous flow. After the classification of the different types of catalytic reactors, in Section 2, each class will be discussed with the most recent and significant examples reported in the literature. In Section 3 we discuss homogeneous stereoselective reactions in flow, with a look at the stereoselective organophotoredox transformations in flow. This research topic is emerging as one of the most powerful method to prepare enantioenriched products with structures that would otherwise be challenging to make. Section 4 describes the use of supported organocatalysts in flow chemistry. Part of the discussion will be devoted to the choice of the support. Examples of packed-bed, monolithic and inner-wall functionalized reactors will be introduced and discussed. We hope to give an overview of the potentialities of the combination of (supported) chiral organocatalysts and flow chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Golgi 19 , Milano , 20133 Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , via Golgi 19 , Milano , 20133 Italy
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3
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Bahr MN, Morris MA, Tu NP, Nandkeolyar A. Recent Advances in High-Throughput Automated Powder Dispensing Platforms for Pharmaceutical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Bahr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark A. Morris
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Noah P. Tu
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Aakankschit Nandkeolyar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Biba M, Wong M, Akin A, Manning ET, Schaffter L, Miller L, Zhang Y, Farrell W, DaSilva JO, Nogle L, Hritzko B, Riley F, DePianta RP, Barry K, Gao DA, Seest E, Goel M, Chung L, Paulson J, Lee H, Moore DB, Dong S, Leister W, Fukushima N, Sasaki A, Lee T, Iriki T, Nishimura M, Tomita M, Owa M, Tanaka K, Shagawa T, Moran TJ, Bamba T, Welch CJ. Cross-Pharma Collaboration on the Development and Evaluation of a New Mid-Scale Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Instrument. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirlinda Biba
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mengling Wong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anne Akin
- Pfizer Central Research, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric T. Manning
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | | | - Larry Miller
- Amgen Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - William Farrell
- Pfizer, La
Jolla, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Lisa Nogle
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Benjamin Hritzko
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Frank Riley
- Pfizer Central Research, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Kevin Barry
- Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Donghong A. Gao
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Eric Seest
- Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Meenakshi Goel
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Loanne Chung
- Pfizer, La
Jolla, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Paulson
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Heewon Lee
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Douglas B. Moore
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Shuping Dong
- GSK, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | | | - Andy Sasaki
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Timothy Lee
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Takayuki Iriki
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Masayuki Nishimura
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J. Moran
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | | | - Christopher J. Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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5
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Regalado EL, Haidar Ahmad IA, Bennett R, D’Atri V, Makarov AA, Humphrey GR, Mangion I, Guillarme D. The Emergence of Universal Chromatographic Methods in the Research and Development of New Drug Substances. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1990-2002. [PMID: 31198042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing process development of new drug substances in the pharmaceutical industry combines numerous chemical challenges beyond the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Optimization of a synthetic route involves the screening of multiple reaction variables with a desired outcome that not only depends on an increased product yield but is also highly influenced by the removal efficacy of residual chemicals and reaction byproducts during the subsequent synthetic route. Consequently, organic chemists must survey a wide array of synthetic variables to develop a highly productive, green, and cost-effective manufacturing process. The time constraints of developing robust quantitative methods prior to each processing step can easily lead to sample analysis becoming a bottleneck in synthetic route development. In this regard, conventional "on demand" analytical method development and optimization approaches, traditionally used for guiding synthetic chemistry efforts, become unsustainable. This Account introduces recent efforts to address the aforementioned challenges through the development and implementation of generic or more universal chromatographic methods that can cover a broad spectrum of targeted compound classes. Such generic methods require significant resolving power to enable baseline resolution of multicomponent mixtures in a single experimental run without additional method customization but must be simple enough to allow for routine use by chemists, chemical engineers and other researchers with little experience in chromatographic method development. These powerful analytical methodologies are often employed to minimize the time spent developing new analytical assays, while also facilitating method transfer to manufacturing facilities and application in regulatory settings. Diverse examples of universal and fit-for-purpose analytical procedures are presented herein, illustrating the power of modern readily available analytical technology for streamlining the development of new drug substances in organic chemistry laboratories across both academic and industrial sectors. With recent advances in analytical instrumentation and column technologies, universal chromatographic methods are quickly becoming a proactive and effective strategy to accelerate the discovery and implementation of new synthetic methodologies, especially but not limited to laboratories where the synthetic process route is undergoing rapid change and optimization. Targets of these generic methods include analysis of organic solvents, acid and basic additives, nucleotide species, palladium scavengers, impurity mapping, enantiopurity, synthetic intermediates, active pharmaceutical ingredients and their counterions, dehalogenation byproducts, and mixtures of organohalogenated pharmaceuticals, among other chemicals used or formed in process chemistry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L. Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A. Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A. Makarov
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Guy R. Humphrey
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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6
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Bahr MN, Damon DB, Yates SD, Chin AS, Christopher JD, Cromer S, Perrotto N, Quiroz J, Rosso V. Collaborative Evaluation of Commercially Available Automated Powder Dispensing Platforms for High-Throughput Experimentation in Pharmaceutical Applications. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Bahr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Platform Technology & Science, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David B. Damon
- Pfizer Inc., Worldwide Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule Chemical Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon D. Yates
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S. Chin
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Preformulation, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - J. David Christopher
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Research CMC Statistics, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Samuel Cromer
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Platform Technology & Science, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
- Drexel University, College of Engineering, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas Perrotto
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Process R&D, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jorge Quiroz
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Research CMC Statistics, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Victor Rosso
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Product Development & Supply, Chemical & Synthetic Development, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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7
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Koenig SG, Leahy DK, Wells AS. Evaluating the Impact of a Decade of Funding from the Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Koenig
- Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David K. Leahy
- Process Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew S. Wells
- CTC Ltd., Parklands, Northage Close, Quorn, Leicestershire LE12 8AT, U.K
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8
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9
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Collins PC. Chemical engineering and the culmination of quality by design in pharmaceuticals. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Taylor AP, Robinson RP, Fobian YM, Blakemore DC, Jones LH, Fadeyi O. Modern advances in heterocyclic chemistry in drug discovery. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6611-37. [PMID: 27282396 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New advances in synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of functionalized heterocyclic compounds are of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand the available drug-like chemical space and drive more efficient delivery of drug discovery programs. Furthermore, the development of robust synthetic routes that can readily generate bulk quantities of a desired compound help to accelerate the drug development process. While established synthetic methodologies are commonly utilized during the course of a drug discovery program, the development of innovative heterocyclic syntheses that allow for different bond forming strategies are having a significant impact in the pharmaceutical industry. This review will focus on recent applications of new methodologies in C-H activation, photoredox chemistry, borrowing hydrogen catalysis, multicomponent reactions, regio- and stereoselective syntheses, as well as other new, innovative general syntheses for the formation and functionalization of heterocycles that have helped drive project delivery. Additionally, the importance and value of collaborations between industry and academia in shaping the development of innovative synthetic approaches to functionalized heterocycles that are of greatest interest to the pharmaceutical industry will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P Taylor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Ralph P Robinson
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Yvette M Fobian
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olugbeminiyi Fadeyi
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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11
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Krska SW, DiRocco DA, Dreher SD, Shevlin M. The Evolution of Chemical High-Throughput Experimentation To Address Challenging Problems in Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2976-2985. [PMID: 29172435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural complexity of pharmaceuticals presents a significant challenge to modern catalysis. Many published methods that work well on simple substrates often fail when attempts are made to apply them to complex drug intermediates. The use of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) techniques offers a means to overcome this fundamental challenge by facilitating the rational exploration of large arrays of catalysts and reaction conditions in a time- and material-efficient manner. Initial forays into the use of HTE in our laboratories for solving chemistry problems centered around screening of chiral precious-metal catalysts for homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation. The success of these early efforts in developing efficient catalytic steps for late-stage development programs motivated the desire to increase the scope of this approach to encompass other high-value catalytic chemistries. Doing so, however, required significant advances in reactor and workflow design and automation to enable the effective assembly and agitation of arrays of heterogeneous reaction mixtures and retention of volatile solvents under a wide range of temperatures. Associated innovations in high-throughput analytical chemistry techniques greatly increased the efficiency and reliability of these methods. These evolved HTE techniques have been utilized extensively to develop highly innovative catalysis solutions to the most challenging problems in large-scale pharmaceutical synthesis. Starting with Pd- and Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry, subsequent efforts expanded to other valuable modern synthetic transformations such as chiral phase-transfer catalysis, photoredox catalysis, and C-H functionalization. As our experience and confidence in HTE techniques matured, we envisioned their application beyond problems in process chemistry to address the needs of medicinal chemists. Here the problem of reaction generality is felt most acutely, and HTE approaches should prove broadly enabling. However, the quantities of both time and starting materials available for chemistry troubleshooting in this space generally are severely limited. Adapting to these needs led us to invest in smaller predefined arrays of transformation-specific screening "kits" and push the boundaries of miniaturization in chemistry screening, culminating in the development of "nanoscale" reaction screening carried out in 1536-well plates. Grappling with the problem of generality also inspired the exploration of cheminformatics-driven HTE approaches such as the Chemistry Informer Libraries. These next-generation HTE methods promise to empower chemists to run orders of magnitude more experiments and enable "big data" informatics approaches to reaction design and troubleshooting. With these advances, HTE is poised to revolutionize how chemists across both industry and academia discover new synthetic methods, develop them into tools of broad utility, and apply them to problems of practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities and Screening, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel A. DiRocco
- Process Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Spencer D. Dreher
- Chemistry Capabilities and Screening, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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12
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Welch CJ, Faul MM, Tummala S, Papageorgiou CD, Hicks F, Hawkins JM, Thomson N, Cote A, Bordawekar S, Wittenberger SJ, Laffan D, Purdie M, Boulas P, Irdam E, Horspool K, Yang BS, Tom J, Fernandez P, Ferretti A, May S, Seibert K, Wells K, McKeown R. The Enabling Technologies Consortium (ETC): Fostering Precompetitive Collaborations on New Enabling Technologies for Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Welch
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, RY 801 A200, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Margaret M. Faul
- Amgen Inc., Process Development, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Srinivas Tummala
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Charles D. Papageorgiou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frederick Hicks
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron Cote
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, RY 801 A200, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shailendra Bordawekar
- Abbvie, Process Research & Development, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | - David Laffan
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mark Purdie
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Pierre Boulas
- Biogen, Chemical Process Research and Development, 225 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Erwin Irdam
- Biogen, Chemical Process Research and Development, 225 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Keith Horspool
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury
Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06488, United States
| | - Bing-Shiou Yang
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury
Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06488, United States
| | - Jean Tom
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Paul Fernandez
- Celgene Corp., Drug Substance Development, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Celgene Corp., Drug Substance Development, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Scott May
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kevin Seibert
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kenneth Wells
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Rahn McKeown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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13
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Sheridan R, Schafer W, Piras P, Zawatzky K, Sherer EC, Roussel C, Welch CJ. Toward structure-based predictive tools for the selection of chiral stationary phases for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:206-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Fitzpatrick D, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. Enabling Technologies for the Future of Chemical Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:131-8. [PMID: 27163040 PMCID: PMC4827522 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology is evolving at breakneck pace, changing the way we communicate, travel, find out information, and live our lives. Yet chemistry as a science has been slower to adapt to this rapidly shifting world. In this Outlook we use highlights from recent literature reports to describe how progresses in enabling technologies are altering this trend, permitting chemists to incorporate new advances into their work at all levels of the chemistry development cycle. We discuss the benefits and challenges that have arisen, impacts on academic-industry relationships, and future trends in the area of chemical synthesis.
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15
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Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noël T. Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an exhaustive overview of the engineering principles, safety aspects and chemistry associated with liquid phase oxidation in continuous-flow microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- E14014 Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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16
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Cernak T, Dykstra KD, Tyagarajan S, Vachal P, Krska SW. The medicinal chemist's toolbox for late stage functionalization of drug-like molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:546-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of modern C–H functionalization chemistries has enabled medicinal chemists to consider a synthetic strategy, late stage functionalization (LSF), which utilizes the C–H bonds of drug leads as points of diversification for generating new analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cernak
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Boston
- USA
| | - Kevin D. Dykstra
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Sriram Tyagarajan
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Petr Vachal
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Merck Research Laboratories
- Discovery Chemistry - Automation & Capabilities Enhancement
- Rahway
- USA
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17
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Bridging the translational gap: collaborative drug development and dispelling the stigma of commercialization. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:299-305. [PMID: 26546858 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current drug discovery and development process is stalling the translation of basic science into lifesaving products. Known as the 'Valley of Death', the traditional technology transfer model fails to bridge the gap between early-stage discoveries and preclinical research to advance innovations beyond the discovery phase. In addition, the stigma associated with 'commercialization' detracts from the importance of efficient translation of basic research. Here, I introduce a drug discovery model whereby the respective expertise of academia and industry are brought together to take promising discoveries through to proof of concept as a way to derisk the drug discovery and development process. Known as the 'integrated drug discovery model', I examine here the extent to which existing legal frameworks support this model.
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Elder DP, White A, Harvey J, Teasdale A, Williams R, Covey-Crump E. Mutagenic Impurities: Precompetitive/Competitive Collaborative and Data Sharing Initiatives. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Elder
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Angela White
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - James Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Teasdale
- AstraZeneca, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Williams
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
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Abstract
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Collaboration between academia and industry
is a growing phenomenon
within the chemistry community. These sectors have long held strong
ties since academia traditionally trains the future scientists of
the corporate world, but the recent drastic decrease of public funding
is motivating the academic world to seek more private grants. This
concept of industrial “sponsoring” is not new, and in
the past, some companies granted substantial amounts of money per
annum to various academic institutions in exchange for prime access
to all their scientific discoveries and inventions. However, academic
and industrial interests were not always aligned, and therefore the
investment has become increasingly difficult to justify from industry’s
point of view. With fluctuating macroeconomic factors, this type of
unrestricted grant has become more rare and has been largely replaced
by smaller and more focused partnerships. In our view, forging a partnership
with industry can be a golden opportunity for both parties and can
represent a true symbiosis. This type of project-specific collaboration
is engendered by industry’s desire to access very specific
academic expertise that is required for the development of new technologies
at the forefront of science. Since financial pressures do not allow
companies to spend the time to acquire this expertise and even less
to explore fundamental research, partnering with an academic laboratory
whose research is related to the problem gives them a viable alternative.
From an academic standpoint, it represents the perfect occasion to
apply “pure science” research concepts to solve problems
that benefit humanity. Moreover, it offers a unique opportunity for
students to face challenges from the “real world” at
an early stage of their career. Although not every problem in industry
can be solved by research developments in academia, we argue that
there is significant scientific overlap between these two seemingly
disparate groups, thereby presenting an opportunity for a symbiosis.
This type of partnership is challenging but can be a win–win
situation if both parties agree on some general guidelines, including
clearly defined goals and deliverables, biweekly meetings to track
research progress, and quarterly or annual meetings to recognize overarching,
common objectives. This Account summarizes our personal experience
concerning collaborations with various industrial groups and the way
it impacted the research programs for both sides in a symbiotic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Michaudel
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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