1
|
Magano J. Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Holmes N, Akien GR, Blacker AJ, Woodward RL, Meadows RE, Bourne RA. Self-optimisation of the final stage in the synthesis of EGFR kinase inhibitor AZD9291 using an automated flow reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00059b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-optimising flow reactors combine online analysis with evolutionary feedback algorithms to rapidly achieve optimum conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Holmes
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - Geoffrey R. Akien
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | - A. John Blacker
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weissman SA, Anderson NG. Design of Experiments (DoE) and Process Optimization. A Review of Recent Publications. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500169m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Weissman
- J-Star Research, 3001
Hadley Road, Unit 1, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Neal G. Anderson
- Anderson’s
Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miao Z, Sun H, Liras J, Prakash C. Excretion, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of 1-(8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)-4-(ethylamino)piperidine-4-carboxamide, a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist, in healthy male volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:568-78. [PMID: 22187487 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposition of 1-(8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H- purin-6-yl)-4-(ethylamino)-piperidine-4-carboxamide (CP-945,598), an orally active antagonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, was studied after a single 25-mg oral dose of [(14)C]CP-945,598 to healthy human subjects. Serial blood samples and complete urine and feces were collected up to 672 h after dose. The mean total recovery of radioactivity was 60.1 ± 12.8 from the urine and feces, with the majority of the dose excreted in the feces. The absorption of CP-945,598 in humans was slow with T(max) at 6 h. Less than 2% of the dose was recovered as unchanged drug in the combined excreta, suggesting that CP-945,598 is extensively metabolized. The primary metabolic pathway of CP-945,598 involved N-de-ethylation to form an N-desethyl metabolite (M1), which was then subsequently metabolized by amide hydrolysis (M2), N-hydroxylation (M3), piperidine ring hydroxylation (M6), and ribose conjugation (M9). M3 was further metabolized to oxime (M4) and keto (M5) metabolites. M1, M4, and M5 were the major circulating metabolites, with AUC((0-48)) values 4.7-, 1.5-, and 1.1-fold greater than that of CP-945,598. M1, M2, and M9 accounted for 5.6, 33.6, and 6.30% of the dose, respectively, in excreta. The results from in vitro experiments with recombinant isoforms suggested that the oxidative metabolism of CP-945,598 to M1 is catalyzed primarily by CYP3A4/3A5. The molecular docking study showed that the N-ethyl moiety of CP-945,598 can access to the heme iron-oxo of CYP3A4 in an energetically favored orientation. Together, these data suggest that CP-945,598 is well absorbed and eliminated largely by CYP3A4/3A5-catalyzed metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miao Z, Scott DO, Griffith DA, Day R, Prakash C. Excretion, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of CP-945,598, a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist, in rats, mice, and dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2191-208. [PMID: 21875952 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(8-(2-Chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl)-4-(ethylamino)piperidine-4-carboxamide (CP-945,598) is an orally active antagonist of the cannabinoid CB-1 receptor that progressed into phase 3 human clinical trials for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we investigated the metabolic fate and disposition of CP-945,598 in rats, Tg-RasH2 mice, and dogs after oral administration of a single dose of [(14)C]CP-945,598. Total mean recoveries of the radioactive dose were 97.7, 97.8, and 99.3% from mice, rats, and dogs, respectively. The major route of excretion in all three species was via the feces, but on the basis of separate studies in bile duct-cannulated rats and dogs, this probably reflects excretion in bile rather than incomplete absorption. CP-945,598 underwent extensive metabolism in all three species, because no unchanged parent compound was detected in the urine across species. The primary metabolic pathway of CP-945,598 involved N-deethylation to form an N-desethyl metabolite (M1). M1 was subsequently metabolized by amide hydrolysis, oxidation, and ribose conjugation to numerous novel and unusual metabolites. The major circulating and excretory metabolites were species-dependent; however, several common metabolites were observed in more than one species. In addition to parent compound, M1, M3, M4, and M5 in rats, M1, M3, and M4 in mice, and M1 and M2 in dogs were identified as the major circulating metabolites. Gender-related differences were also apparent in the quantitative and qualitative nature of the metabolites in rats. An unprecedented metabolite, M4, formed by deamidation of M1 or M3 (N-hydroxy-M1), but not by decarboxylation of M2, was identified in all species. M4 was nonenzymatically converted to M5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kushner J, Langdon BA, Hiller JI, Carlson GT. Examining the Impact of Excipient Material Property Variation on Drug Product Quality Attributes: A Quality-By-Design Study for a Roller Compacted, Immediate Release Tablet. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2222-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Liu J, Fitzgerald AE, Lebsack AD, Mani NS. Scale-Up Synthesis of a TRPV1 Antagonist Featuring a Facile Thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Formation. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op1002984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anne E. Fitzgerald
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alec D. Lebsack
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neelakandha S. Mani
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Szabó G, Varga B, Páyer-Lengyel D, Szemző A, Erdélyi P, Vukics K, Szikra J, Hegyi É, Vastag M, Kiss B, Laszy J, Gyertyán I, Fischer J. Chemical and Biological Investigation of Cyclopropyl Containing Diaryl-pyrazole-3-carboxamides as Novel and Potent Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4329-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900179y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- György Szabó
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Balázs Varga
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Dóra Páyer-Lengyel
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Attila Szemző
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Péter Erdélyi
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Vukics
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Judit Szikra
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Éva Hegyi
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Judit Laszy
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - István Gyertyán
- Division of Drug Safety and Pharmacology, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - János Fischer
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory IV, Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, H-1475 Budapest 10, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|