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Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Coelho EAF. Immunoproteomics and phage display in the context of leishmaniasis complexity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112894. [PMID: 36845148 PMCID: PMC9946295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is defined as a complex of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which comprises 20 parasite species pathogenic to mammalians, such as humans and dogs. From a clinical point of view, and considering the diversity and biological complexity of the parasites, vectors, and vertebrate hosts, leishmaniasis is classified according to the distinct clinical manifestations, such as tegumentary (involving the cutaneous, mucosal, and cutaneous-diffuse forms) and visceral leishmaniasis. Many issues and challenges remain unaddressed, which could be attributed to the complexity and diversity of the disease. The current demand for the identification of new Leishmania antigenic targets for the development of multicomponent-based vaccines, as well as for the production of specific diagnostic tests, is evident. In recent years, biotechnological tools have allowed the identification of several Leishmania biomarkers that might potentially be used for diagnosis and have an application in vaccine development. In this Mini Review, we discuss the different aspects of this complex disease that have been addressed by technologies such as immunoproteomics and phage display. It is extremely important to be aware of the potential applications of antigens selected in different screening context, so that they can be used appropriately, so understanding their performance, characteristics, and self-limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Deepachandi B, Ejazi SA, Bhattacharyya A, Ali N, Soysa P, Siriwardana Y. Measuring the sero-prevalence of Leishmania donovani induced cutaneous leishmaniasis: A method comparison study. Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102660. [PMID: 36038060 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on crude antigen of Leishmania reported a high sero-prevalence (82.0%) in Leishmania donovani induced cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka. ELISA was further compared with established serological tools to identify a suitable point of care diagnostic tool. Sero-prevalence of 100 CL samples were analyzed using in-house ELISA, Indian dipstick test and rK39 strip test. Results obtained were further compared with direct agglutination test (DAT) for 40 CL. Test performance was evaluated using Kappa index value. Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of patients were analyzed using SPSSv25.0. Cost analysis of tests was carried out. ELISA showed a high sero-positivity of 81.0% (n = 81/100) while DAT (57.5%,n = 23/40), Indian dipstick test (22.0%,n = 22/100) and rK39 test (15.0%,n = 15/100) showed a comparatively less sero-positivity. According to Kappa index values, there were no perfect agreement between tests. Among ELISA positive patients (n = 81/100), DAT, Indian dipstick test and rK39 demonstrated sero-positivity rates of 61.3% (n = 19/31), 25.9% (n = 21/81) and 16.0% (n = 13/81) respectively. Among ELISA negative patients (n = 19/100), three assays demonstrated sero-positivity rates of 44.4% (n = 4/9), 5.3% (n = 1/9) and 10.5% (n = 2/19) respectively. DAT can be used as an alternative test when ELISA is not available or negative. Clinico-epidemiological profiles of patients that showed sero-positivity by each assay were different. Cost per patient was approximately 5.5 USD for DAT and 3.0 USD for each other tests. Established serological tests demonstrated different and relatively lower detection rates. Species, strain and antigen heterogeneity, inconsistency in amount of used antigens, sera, antibody expression patterns and testing methodologies could be responsible. This study highlighted the importance of designing an in-house serological assay based on local parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya Deepachandi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarfaraz A Ejazi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | | | - Nahid Ali
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Preethi Soysa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Yamuna Siriwardana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka.
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Omics Approaches in Drug Development against Leishmaniasis: Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010039. [PMID: 36678387 PMCID: PMC9866966 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease transmitted in humans by the bite of Leishmania-infected phlebotomine sandflies. Each year approximately 58,500 cases of leishmaniasis are diagnosed across the globe, with a mortality rate of nearly seven percent. There are over 20 parasitic strains of Leishmania which are known to cause distinct types of leishmaniasis and pose an endemic threat to humans worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potential medications and vaccines to combat leishmaniasis. However, the task of developing therapeutic solutions is challenging due to Leishmania's digenetic lifecycle. The challenge is further intensified by cases of resistance against the available drugs. Owing to these challenges, the conventional drug development regimen is further limited by target discovery and ligand suitability for the targets. On the other hand, as an added advantage, the emergence of omics-based tools, such as high-end proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics, has hastened the pace of target discovery and target-based drug development. It is now becoming apparent that multi-omics convergence and an inter-connected systems approach is less time-consuming and more cost-effective for any drug-development process. This comprehensive review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge on the muti-omics approach in drug development against leishmaniasis. In particular, it elaborates the potential target identification from secreted proteins in various stages of Leishmania infection and also illustrates the convergence of transcriptomic and genomic data towards the collective goal of drug discovery. This review also provides an understanding of the potential parasite's drug targets and drug resistance characteristics of the parasite, which can be used in designing effective and specific therapeutics.
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Medeiros RMTE, Carvalho AMRS, Ferraz IDA, Medeiros FAC, Cruz LDR, Rocha MODC, Coelho EAF, Gonçalves DU, Mendes TADO, Duarte MC, Menezes-Souza D. Mapping linear B-cell epitopes of the Tryparedoxin Peroxidase and its implications in the serological diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106521. [PMID: 35595092 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is essential to avoid permanent damage and severe functional sequelae and there is an urgent need to discover new antigens. The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential use of the Tryparedoxin Peroxidase (TryP) as an antigen for serological tests. The proposal integrates data from immunoproteomics with immunoinformatics, in addition to a precise analysis of protein levels in the evolutionary stages of the parasite by flow cytometry. To evaluate the performance in the diagnosis of TL, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assays were performed using the recombinant protein and the respective B-cell epitope, followed by an analysis of the contribution of this peptide in the recognition of the protein by patients, evaluated by serum depletion assays. We showed that the TryP has a linear B-cell epitope with high divergence compared to orthologs from Trypanosoma cruzi and Homo sapiens. The results also show high expression and positive cells for TryP (TryP+) in the infective metacyclic promastigotes (MET) and intracellular (24 and 48 hours) stages. From the depletion assays, it was possible to confirm the contribution of the peptide in the specific recognition of the TryP protein by patients with TL (13.7-15.9%). ELISA using the peptide showed high performance in the diagnosis compared to the recombinant TryP (rTryP), Soluble Leishmania braziliensis Antigen (sLba) and Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with accuracy of 94.29, 89.29, 65.00 and 37.14%, respectively). We can conclude that the MNEPAPP peptide is a potential antigen for the diagnosis of TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutyanne Maria Tonelli Elisei Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Ravena Severino Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Andrade Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Cardoso Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dos Reis Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Utsch Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Germanó MJ, Mackern-Oberti JP, Vitório JG, Duarte MC, Pimenta DC, Sanchez MV, Bruna FA, Lozano ES, Fernandes AP, Cargnelutti DE. Identification of Immunodominant Antigens From a First-Generation Vaccine Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825007. [PMID: 35634280 PMCID: PMC9133320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus for which there is no vaccine available for human use. Thus, the aims of this study are to evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a first-generation vaccine against L. amazonensis and to identify its immunodominant antigens. BALB/c mice were inoculated with phosphate buffer sodium (PBS), total L. amazonensis antigens (TLAs), or TLA with Poly (I:C) and Montanide ISA 763. The humoral and cellular immune response was evaluated before infection. IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were measured on serum, and IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 cytokines as well as cell proliferation were measured on a splenocyte culture from vaccinated mice. Immunized mice were challenged with 104 infective parasites of L. amazonensis on the footpad. After infection, the protection provided by the vaccine was analyzed by measuring lesion size, splenic index, and parasite load on the footpad and spleen. To identify immunodominant antigens, total proteins of L. amazonensis were separated on 2D electrophoresis gel and transferred to a membrane that was incubated with serum from immunoprotected mice. The antigens recognized by the serum were analyzed through a mass spectrometric assay (LC-MS/MS-IT-TOF) to identify their protein sequence, which was subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The first-generation vaccine induced higher levels of antibodies, cytokines, and cell proliferation than the controls after the second dose. Mice vaccinated with TLA + Poly (I:C) + Montanide ISA 763 showed less footpad swelling, a lower splenic index, and a lower parasite load than the control groups (PBS and TLA). Four immunodominant proteins were identified by mass spectrometry: cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase, an uncharacterized protein, a kinetoplast-associated protein-like protein, and a putative heat-shock protein DNAJ. The identified proteins showed high levels of conserved sequence among species belonging to the Leishmania genus and the Trypanosomatidae family. These proteins also proved to be phylogenetically divergent to human and canine proteins. TLA + Poly (I:C) + Montanide ISA 763 could be used as a first-generation vaccine against leishmaniasis. The four proteins identified from the whole-protein vaccine could be good antigen candidates to develop a new-generation vaccine against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Germanó
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jessica Gardone Vitório
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana Costa Duarte
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Victoria Sanchez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Flavia Alejandra Bruna
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Esteban Sebastián Lozano
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Diego Esteban Cargnelutti,
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Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5568077. [PMID: 34007852 PMCID: PMC8102099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5568077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods A total of 1028 sera samples were used for the development and validation of ELISA (321 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 62 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 236 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 409 samples from healthy donors). A total of 520 sera samples were used to develop and validate ICT (249 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 46 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 40 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 185 samples from healthy donors). Findings. Using the validation sera panels, DTL-4-based ELISA displayed an overall sensitivity of 94.61% (95% CI: 89.94-97.28), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 97.02% (95% CI: 94.61-98.38), while for ICT, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values corresponded to 91.98% (95% CI: 86.65-95.39), 100.00% (95% CI: 96.30-100.00), and 95.14% (95% CI: 91.62-97.15), respectively. When testing sera samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, DTL-4-ELISA displayed a sensitivity of 77.42% (95% CI: 65.48-86.16), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 93.51% (95% CI: 89.49%-96.10%), while for DTL-4-ICT, sensitivity was 73.91% (95% CI: 59.74-84.40), specificity was 90.63% (95% CI: 81.02-95.63), and accuracy was 82.00% (95% CI: 73.63-90.91). Conclusion DTL-4 is a promising candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of VL patients, including those with VL/AIDS coinfection, when incorporated into ELISA or ICT test formats.
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JAMEIE F, DALIMI A, PIRESTANI M, MOHEBALI M. Development of a Multi-Epitope Recombinant Protein for the Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:1-10. [PMID: 33786042 PMCID: PMC7988677 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i1.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iran is one of the endemic areas of Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania infantum. In this work, we examined whether Proteína quimérica 10 (PQ10) recombinant protein is suitable for immunological diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS The study was carried out in Tarbiat Modares University during 2016-2018. The coding sequence of PQ10 recombinant protein was sub-cloned in pET28 expression vector and was commercially synthesized by GENERAY Biotechnology, China. Sequencing with proper primers was done, the expression, optimization of expression and protein purification were performed, and the purified recombinant protein was confirmed by western blot. The efficacy of PQ10 for serodiagnosis was evaluated with 50 positive and 50 negative serum samples, which confirmed by the direct agglutination test and collected from individuals living in the visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas of Iran. ELISA was performed with the PQ10 recombinant protein. RESULTS The 95% CI sensitivity of ELISA that was evaluated with sera from naturally infected individuals was 84%. The 95% CI specificity value of the ELISA determined with sera from healthy individuals (50 serum samples) and from individuals with other infectious diseases was 82%. The 95% CI positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were exterminated 82.35% and 83.67%, respectively. CONCLUSION We have used a recombinant synthetic protein to improve serodiagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis. PQ10 could be useful for diagnosis of asymptomatic cases, as well as in the early phase of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh JAMEIE
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein DALIMI
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid PIRESTANI
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi MOHEBALI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rodrigues AM, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Pinheiro BG, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Hahn RC, de Camargo ZP. Immunoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Candidate Antigens for the Diagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis Due to Paracoccidioides lutzii. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040357. [PMID: 33322269 PMCID: PMC7770604 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and related species. Whole-genome sequencing and stage-specific proteomic analysis of Paracoccidioides offer the opportunity to profile humoral immune responses against P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis s. str. infection using innovative screening approaches. Here, an immunoproteomic approach was used to identify PCM-associated antigens that elicit immune responses by combining 2-D electrophoresis of P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis proteomes, immunological detection using a gold-standard serum, and mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 16 and 25 highly immunoreactive proteins were identified in P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively, and 29 were shown to be the novel antigens for Paracoccidioides species, including seven uncharacterized proteins. Among the panel of proteins identified, most are involved in metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in both immunoproteomes. Remarkably, six isoforms of the surface-associated enolase in the range of 54 kDa were identified as the major antigens in human PCM due to P. lutzii. These novel immunoproteomes of Paracoccidioides will be employed to develop a sensitive and affordable point-of-care diagnostic assay and an effective vaccine to identify infected hosts and prevent infection and development of human PCM. These findings provide a unique opportunity for the refinement of diagnostic tools of this important neglected systemic mycosis, which is usually associated with poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
| | - Paula Helena Kubitschek-Barreira
- Department of Cellular Biology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20511010, Brazil;
| | - Breno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
| | - André Teixeira-Ferreira
- Toxinology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacodynamics, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Rosane Christine Hahn
- Laboratory of Mycology/Research, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060900, Brazil;
- Júlio Muller University Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78048902, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023062, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.R.); (Z.P.d.C.); Tel.: +55-1155764551 (ext. 1540) (A.M.R.); +55-1155764551 (ext. 1512) (Z.P.d.C.)
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Characterization of a protein with unknown function (LinJ.30.3360) in Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania infantum. Exp Parasitol 2020; 221:108048. [PMID: 33307096 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by trypanosomatid protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In the Americas, the species Leishmania amazonensis is predominantly associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) while L. infantum is an agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The genome sequences of Leishmania spp. have shown that each genome can contain about 8000 genes encoding proteins, more than half of which have an unknown function (''hypotheticals") at the time of publication. To understand the biology and genome of the organisms, it is important to discover the function of these "hypothetical" proteins; however, few studies have focused on their characterizations. Previously, LinJ.30.3360 (a protein with unknown function) was identified as immunogenic to canine serum with VL and a good antigen to diagnose the visceral form in dogs. Here, we show that the LinJ.30.3360 protein is conserved in L. infantum, L. tarantolae, L. donovani, L. major, L. mexicana, L. braziliensis, L. panamensis, Leptomonas pyrrhocoris, and Leptomonas seymouri. It has been annotated as a MORN (Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus) domain protein. However, since the function of this motif is unknown, functional inferences based on the primary sequence are not possible. The protein has a folded β-leaf secondary structure, and phosphorylation was the only post-translational modification (PTM) found using prediction approach. Experiments have shown that it is located close to the flagellar pocket and presents similar abundance in both L. amazonensis and L. infantum. Furthermore, because it is a conserved protein in trypanosomatids but not in mammals and also because of its antigenicity, LinJ.30.3360 may constitute a potential drug target and/or vaccine for leishmaniasis.
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Lima BSDS, Esteves BB, Fialho-Júnior LC, Mendes TADO, Pires SDF, Chapeourouge A, Perales J, de Andrade HM. Study of the differentially abundant proteins among Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis, and L. infantum. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240612. [PMID: 33057350 PMCID: PMC7561129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has been considered as emerging and re-emerging disease, and its increasing global incidence has raised concerns. The great clinical diversity of the disease is mainly determined by the species. In several American countries, tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is associated with both Leishmania amazonensis and L. braziliensis, while visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is associated with L. (L.) infantum. The major molecules that determine the most diverse biological variations are proteins. In the present study, through a DIGE approach, we identified differentially abundant proteins among the species mentioned above. We observed a variety of proteins with differential abundance among the studied species; and the biological networks predicted for each species showed that many of these proteins interacted with each other. The prominent proteins included the heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the protein network involved in oxide reduction process in L. amazonensis, the protein network of ribosomes in L. braziliensis, and the proteins involved in energy metabolism in L. infantum. The important proteins, as revealed by the PPI network results, enrichment categories, and exclusive proteins analysis, were arginase, HSPs, and trypanothione reductase in L. amazonensis; enolase, peroxidoxin, and tryparedoxin1 in L. braziliensis; and succinyl-CoA ligase [GDP -forming] beta-chain and transaldolase in L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Soares de Souza Lima
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade Dinâmica do Vale do Piranga (FADIP), Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara Beiral Esteves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Fialho-Júnior
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Simone da Fonseca Pires
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helida Monteiro de Andrade
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Assessing the composition of the plasma membrane of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and L. (L.) amazonensis using label-free proteomics. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107964. [PMID: 32822697 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are causative agents of leishmaniasis, a wide range of diseases affecting 12 million people worldwide. The species L. infantum and L. amazonensis are etiologic agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. Most proteome analyses of Leishmania have been carried out on whole-cell extracts, but such an approach tends to underrepresent membrane-associated proteins due to their high hydrophobicity and low solubility. Considering the relevance of this category of proteins in virulence, invasiveness and the host-parasite interface, this study applied label-free proteomics to assess the plasma membrane sub-proteome of L. infantum and L. amazonensis. The number of proteins identified in L. infantum and L. amazonensis promastigotes was 1168 and 1455, respectively. After rigorous data processing and mining, 157 proteins were classified as putative plasma membrane-associated proteins, of which 56 proteins were detected in both species, six proteins were detected only in L. infantum and 39 proteins were exclusive to L. amazonensis. The quantitative analysis revealed that two proteins were more abundant in L. infantum, including the glucose transporter 2, and five proteins were more abundant in L. amazonensis. The identified proteins associated with distinct processes and functions. In this regard, proteins of L. infantum were linked to metabolic processes whereas L. amazonensis proteins were involved in signal transduction. Moreover, transmembrane transport was a significant process among the group of proteins detected in both species and members of the superfamily of ABC transporters were highly represented. Interestingly, some proteins of this family were solely detected in L. amazonensis, such as ABCA9. GP63, a well-known virulence factor, was the only GPI-anchored protein identified in the membrane preparations of both species. Finally, we found several proteins with uncharacterized functions, including differentially abundant ones, highlighting a gap in the study of Leishmania proteins. Proteins characterization could provide a better biological understanding of these parasites and deliver new possibilities regarding the discovery of therapeutic targets, drug resistance and vaccine candidates.
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12
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Immunoproteomics of Brucella abortus reveals potential of recombinant antigens for discriminating vaccinated from naturally infected cattle. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104345. [PMID: 32544523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis serodiagnosis is still a challenge and vaccination is the main measure used to control bovine brucellosis, being S19 and RB51 the most currently used vaccines. So, in order to contribute to brucellosis control, a bidimensional (2D) immunoblot-based approach was used to find immunogenic proteins to be used in serodiagnosis, particularly with ability to be employed in DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy. Immunoproteomic profile of Brucella abortus 2308 was analyzed in 2D western blotting using pooled sera from S19 vaccinated animals, RB51 vaccinated animals, B. abortus naturally infected animals and non-vaccinated seronegative animals. Evaluation of the antigens differentially immunoreactive against the groups of sera showed three proteins of particular importance: MDH (malate dehydrogenase) immunoreactive for S19-vaccinated animals, SOD (superoxide dismutase) reactive for infected animals and ABC transporter (multispecies sugar ABC transporter) reactive against sera from vaccinated animals (S19 and RB51). These three proteins were produced in E. coli and tested in an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA). For MDH, comparison between the vaccinated animals (independent of the vaccine used) and the seropositive and seronegative animals in I-ELISA showed significant differences. Data on the I-ELISA using SOD showed that sera from non-vaccinated naturally infected animals exhibited significant difference in comparison with all other groups. Otherwise, sera from vaccinated animals (S19 and RB51) and from non-vaccinated naturally infected animals did not show significant difference in OD values, but they were all significant different from non-vaccinated seronegative animals using ABC transporter as antigen in I-ELISA. In conclusion, together the 2D western blot analysis and the preliminary I-ELISA results suggest that the combined use of MDH and SOD could be successful employed in a LPS-free protein based serodiagnosis approach to detect bovine brucellosis and to discriminate vaccinated from naturally infected animals, in early post-vaccination stages.
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13
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Capelli-Peixoto J, Mule SN, Tano FT, Palmisano G, Stolf BS. Proteomics and Leishmaniasis: Potential Clinical Applications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800136. [PMID: 31347770 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. They are endemic in 98 countries, affect around 12 million people worldwide and may present several distinct clinical forms. Unfortunately, there are only a few drugs available for treatment of leishmaniasis, which are toxic and not always effective. Different parasite species and different clinical forms require optimization of the treatment or more specific therapies, which are not available. The emergence of resistance is also a matter of concern. Besides, diagnosis can sometimes be complicated due to atypical manifestations and associations with other pathologies. In this review, proteomic data are presented and discussed in terms of their application in important issues in leishmaniasis such as parasite resistance to chemotherapy, diagnosis of active disease in patients and dogs, markers for different clinical forms, identification of virulence factors, and their potential use in vaccination. It is shown that proteomics has contributed to the discovery of potential biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, therapeutics, monitoring of disease progression, treatment follow-up and identification of vaccine candidates for specific diseases. However, the authors believe its capabilities have not yet been fully explored for routine clinical analysis for several reasons, which will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Capelli-Peixoto
- Leishmaniasis laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabia Tomie Tano
- Leishmaniasis laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Leishmaniasis laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Rodrigues MR, Santos LMO, Miyazaki CK, Martins VT, Ludolf FR, Kursancew AC, Ramos FF, Dias DS, Oliveira JS, Vieira PMA, Roatt BM, Machado de Ávila RA, Gonçalves DU, Menezes-Souza D, Coelho EAF, Duarte MC. Immunodiagnosis of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis using recombinant Leishmania infantum Prohibitin protein and a synthetic peptide containing its conformational B-cell epitope. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112641. [PMID: 31400411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Leishmania infantum's Prohibitin was cloned and, alongside a synthetic peptide, evaluated for the serodiagnosis of visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis (CVL and TL, respectively) in dogs and humans. For TL diagnosis, this study analyzed serum samples from cutaneous (n = 20) or mucosal (n = 39) leishmaniasis patients, and from Chagas disease (CD) patients (n = 8) and non-infected patients (n = 45). For CVL diagnosis, serum samples from asymptomatic (n = 14), symptomatic (n = 71), non-infected (n = 116), and Leish-Tec®-vaccinated (n = 79) dogs were examined, as well as T. cruzi (n = 11) and Ehrlichia canis (n = 10) infected animals. An indirect ELISA method using rProhibitin showed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of 91.76% and 89.91%, respectively. L. infantum SLA showed 86.11% and 48.24% of specificity and sensitivity, respectively, for CVL serodiagnosis, and 98.31% and 84.91% sensitivity and specificity, respectively for TL diagnosis. L. braziliensis SLA showed 75.47% and 83.05% of specificity and sensitivity, respectively, for TL diagnosis. The synthetic peptide showed a better result in TL than in CVL diagnosis. In conclusion, preliminary results suggest that the detection of antibodies against the rProhibitin protein and the synthetic peptide improves the serodiagnosis of TL and CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella R Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas M O Santos
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina K Miyazaki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian T Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Kursancew
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamil S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula M A Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Machado de Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Denise U Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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15
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de Menezes JPB, Khouri R, Oliveira CVS, Petersen ALDOA, de Almeida TF, Mendes FRL, Rebouças ADAD, Lorentz AL, Luz NF, Lima JB, Ramos PIP, Soares RP, Rugani JN, Buck GA, Krieger MA, Marchini FK, Vivarini ÁDC, Lopes UG, Borges VDM, Veras PST. Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Predominant NFE2L2 (NRF2) Signature in Canonical Pathway and Upstream Regulator Analysis of Leishmania-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1362. [PMID: 31316499 PMCID: PMC6611007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CBA mice macrophages (MØ) control infection by Leishmania major and are susceptive to Leishmania amazonensis, suggesting that both parasite species induce distinct responses that play important roles in infection outcome. To evaluate the MØ responses to infection arising from these two Leishmania species, a proteomic study using a Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) approach with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was carried out on CBA mice bone-marrow MØ (BMMØ). Following SEQUEST analysis, which revealed 2,838 proteins detected in BMMØ, data mining approach found six proteins significantly associated with the tested conditions. To investigate their biological significance, enrichment analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). A three steps IPA approach revealed 4 Canonical Pathways (CP) and 7 Upstream Transcriptional Factors (UTFs) strongly associated with the infection process. NRF2 signatures were present in both CPs and UTFs pathways. Proteins involved in iron metabolism, such as heme oxigenase 1 (HO-1) and ferritin besides sequestosome (SQSMT1 or p62) were found in the NRF2 CPs and the NRF2 UTFs. Differences in the involvement of iron metabolism pathway in Leishmania infection was revealed by the presence of HO-1 and ferritin. Noteworty, HO-1 was strongly associated with L. amazonensis infection, while ferritin was regulated by both species. As expected, higher HO-1 and p62 expressions were validated in L. amazonensis-infected BMMØ, in addition to decreased expression of ferritin and nitric oxide production. Moreover, BMMØ incubated with L. amazonensis LPG also expressed higher levels of HO-1 in comparison to those stimulated with L. major LPG. In addition, L. amazonensis-induced uptake of holoTf was higher than that induced by L. major in BMMØ, and holoTf was also detected at higher levels in vacuoles induced by L. amazonensis. Taken together, these findings indicate that NRF2 pathway activation and increased HO-1 production, together with higher levels of holoTf uptake, may promote permissiveness to L. amazonensis infection. In this context, differences in protein signatures triggered in the host by L. amazonensis and L. major infection could drive the outcomes in distinct clinical forms of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Laboratory of Vector Born Infectious Diseases, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Salvador, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tais Fontoura de Almeida
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physiopathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Flávia R L Mendes
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Lopes Lorentz
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Nívea Farias Luz
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Biomarkers, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jonilson Berlink Lima
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Federal University of the Western of Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ivan Pereira Ramos
- Center for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gregory A Buck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Áislan de Carvalho Vivarini
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Center of Health Science, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Gazos Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Center of Health Science, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Disease, Patos, Brazil
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16
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Rashidi S, Mojtahedi Z, Shahriari B, Kalantar K, Ghalamfarsa G, Mohebali M, Hatam G. An immunoproteomic approach to identifying immunoreactive proteins in Leishmania infantum amastigotes using sera of dogs infected with canine visceral leishmaniasis. Pathog Glob Health 2019; 113:124-132. [PMID: 31099725 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1616952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), the most severe form of leishmaniasis, is caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. The infected dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) are important reservoirs for VL in humans, so the diagnosis, treatment and vaccination of the infected dogs will ultimately decrease the rate of human VL. Proteomics and immunoproteomics techniques have facilitated the introduction of novel drug, vaccine and diagnostic targets. Our immunoproteomic study was conducted to identify new immunoreactive proteins in amastigote form of L. infantum. The strain of L. infantum (MCAN/IR/07/Moheb-gh) was obtained from CVL-infected dogs. J774 macrophage cells were infected with the L. infantum promastigotes. The infected macrophages were ruptured, and pure amastigotes were extracted from the macrophages. After protein extraction, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed for protein separation followed by Western blotting. Western blotting was performed, using symptomatic and asymptomatic sera of the infected dogs with CVL. Thirteen repeatable immunoreactive spots were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Some, including prohibitin, ornithine aminotransferase, annexin A4, and apolipoprotein A-I, have been critically involved in metabolic pathways, survival, and pathogenicity of Leishmania parasites. Further investigations are required to confirm our identified immunoreactive proteins as a biomarker for CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Rashidi
- a Department of Parasitology and Mycology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zahra Mojtahedi
- b Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Bahador Shahriari
- c Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- d Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- e Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine , Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj , Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- f Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- c Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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17
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Santos ARRD, Serufo ÂV, Figueiredo MM, Godoi LC, Vitório JG, Marcelino AP, Avelar DMD, Rodrigues FTG, Machado-Coelho GLL, Medeiros FAC, Jerônimo SMB, Oliveira EJD, Nascimento FC, Teixeira SMR, Gazzinelli RT, Nagem RAP, Fernandes AP. Evaluation of three recombinant proteins for the development of ELISA and immunochromatographic tests for visceral leishmaniasis serodiagnosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180405. [PMID: 30726344 PMCID: PMC6364332 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease that is a significant
cause of death among infants aged under 1 year and the elderly in Brazil.
Serodiagnosis is a mainstay of VL elimination programs; however, it has
significant limitations due to low accuracy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate three recombinant Leishmania
infantum proteins (rFc, rC9, and rA2) selected from previous
proteomics and genomics analyses to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for the serodiagnosis of
human VL (HVL) and canine VL (CVL). METHODS A total of 186 human (70 L. infantum-infected symptomatic,
20 other disease-infected, and 96 healthy) and 185 canine (82 L.
infantum-infected symptomatic, 27 L.
infantum-infected asymptomatic, and 76 healthy) sera samples were
used for antibody detection. FINDINGS Of the three proteins, rA2 (91.5% sensitivity and 87% specificity) and rC9
(95.7% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity) displayed the best performance in
ELISA-HVL and ELISA-CVL, respectively. ICT-rA2 also displayed the best
performance for HVL diagnosis (92.3% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity) and
had high concordance with immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT),
ELISA-rK39, IT-LEISH®, and ELISAEXT. ICT-rFc, ICT-rC9,
and ICT-rA2 had sensitivities of 88.6%, 86.5%, and 87.0%, respectively, with
specificity values of 84.0%, 92.0%, and 100%, respectively for CVL
diagnosis. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The three antigens selected by us are promising candidates for VL diagnosis
regardless of the test format, although the antigen combinations and test
parameters may warrant further optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ângela Vieira Serufo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Marta Figueiredo
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Lara Carvalho Godoi
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Alves Pinto Nagem
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Centro de Tecnologia em Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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18
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New antigens for the serological diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis identified by immunogenomic screening. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209599. [PMID: 30571783 PMCID: PMC6301785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) still represents a serious public health problem in Brazil due to the inefficiency of the control measures currently employed, that included early diagnosis and treatment of human cases, vector control, euthanasia of infected dogs and, recently approved in Brazil, treatment with Milteforam drug. Effective clinical management depend largely on early and unequivocal diagnosis, however, cross-reactivity have also been described in serological tests, especially when it refers to individuals from areas where Chagas' disease is also present. Thus, to discover new antigens to improve the current serological tests for VL diagnosis is urgently needed. Here, we performed an immunogenomic screen strategy to identify conserved linear B-cell epitopes in the predicted L. infantum proteome using the following criteria: i) proteins expressed in the stages found in the vertebrate host, amastigote stage, and secreted/excreted, to guarantee greater exposure to the immune system; ii) divergent from proteins present in other infectious disease pathogens with incidence in endemic areas for VL, as T. cruzi; iii) highly antigenic to humans with different genetic backgrounds, independently of the clinical stage of the disease; iv) stable and adaptable to quality-control tests to guarantee reproducibility; v) using statistical analysis to determine a suitable sample size to evaluate accuracy of diagnostic tests established by receiver operating characteristic strategy. We selected six predicted linear B-cell epitopes from three proteins of L. infantum parasite. The results demonstrated that a mixture of peptides (Mix IV: peptides 3+6) were able to identify VL cases and simultaneously able to discriminate infections caused by T. cruzi parasite with high accuracy (100.00%) and perfect agreement (Kappa index = 1.000) with direct methods performed by laboratories in Brazil. The results also demonstrated that peptide-6, Mix III (peptides 2+6) and I (peptides 2+3+6) are potential antigens able to used in VL diagnosis, represented by high accuracy (Ac = 99.52%, 99.52% and 98.56%, respectively). This study represents an interesting strategy for discovery new antigens applied to serologic diagnosis which will contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis of VL and, consequently, may help in the prevention, control and treatment of the disease in endemic areas of Brazil.
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Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Lage DP, Tavares GSV, Mendonça DVC, Dias DS, Ribeiro PAF, Ludolf F, Costa LE, Coelho VTS, Coelho EAF. In silico Leishmania proteome mining applied to identify drug target potential to be used to treat against visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 87:89-97. [PMID: 30522092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis are desirable, since the treatment against disease presents problems, such as the toxicity, high cost and/or parasite resistance. As consequence, new antileishmanial compounds are necessary to be identified, as presenting high activity against Leishmania, but low toxicity in mammalian hosts. In the present study, a Leishmania proteome mining strategy was developed, in order to select new drug targets with low homology to human proteins, but that are considered relevant for the parasite' survival. Results showed a hypothetical protein, which was functionally annotated as a glucosidase-like protein, as presenting such characteristics. This protein was associated with the metabolic network of the N-Glycan biosynthesis pathway in Leishmania, and two specific inhibitors - acarbose and miglitol - were predicted to be potential targets against it. In this context, miglitol [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol] was tested against stationary promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of the Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum species, and results showed high values of antileishmanial inhibition against both parasite species. Miglitol showed also efficacy in the treatment of Leishmania-infected macrophages; thus denoting its potential use as an antileishmanial candidate. In conclusion, this work presents a new drug target identified by a proteome mining strategy associated with bioinformatics tools, and suggested its use as a possible candidate to be applied in the treatment against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora V C Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A F Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lourena E Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinicio T S Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Das P, Mohanty J, Badhe M, Sahoo P, Sardar K, Parija S. Development of a western blot method for detection of fish ectoparasite Argulus siamensis antigens. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:439-450. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1506801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Das
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J. Mohanty
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - M.R. Badhe
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P.K. Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - K.K. Sardar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S.C. Parija
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, India
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Sundar S, Singh B. Understanding Leishmania parasites through proteomics and implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:371-390. [PMID: 29717934 PMCID: PMC5970101 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1468754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leishmania spp. are causative agents of leishmaniasis, a broad-spectrum neglected vector-borne disease. Genomic and transcriptional studies are not capable of solving intricate biological mysteries, leading to the emergence of proteomics, which can provide insights into the field of parasite biology and its interactions with the host. Areas covered: The combination of genomics and informatics with high throughput proteomics may improve our understanding of parasite biology and pathogenesis. This review analyses the roles of diverse proteomic technologies that facilitate our understanding of global protein profiles and definition of parasite development, survival, virulence and drug resistance mechanisms for disease intervention. Additionally, recent innovations in proteomics have provided insights concerning the drawbacks associated with conventional chemotherapeutic approaches and Leishmania biology, host-parasite interactions and the development of new therapeutic approaches. Expert commentary: With progressive breakthroughs in the foreseeable future, proteome profiles could provide target molecules for vaccine development and therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, proteomics, in combination with genomics and informatics, could facilitate the elimination of several diseases. Taken together, this review provides an outlook on developments in Leishmania proteomics and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar
- a Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - Bhawana Singh
- a Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
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Association of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins rCP09720 or rCP01850 with rPLD as immunogens in caseous lymphadenitis immunoprophylaxis. Vaccine 2017; 36:74-83. [PMID: 29174312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic disease responsible for significant economic losses in sheep and goat breeding worldwide. The treatment for this disease is not effective, and an intense vaccination schedule would be the best control strategy. In this study, we evaluated the associations of rCP09720 or rCP01850 proteins from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis with recombinant exotoxin phospholipase D (rPLD) as subunit vaccines in mice. Four experimental groups (10 animals each) were immunized with a sterile 0.9% saline solution (G1), rPLD (G2), rPLD + rCP09720 (G3), and rPLD + rCP01850 (G4). The mice received two doses of each vaccine at a 21-day interval and were challenged 21 days after the last immunization. The animals were evaluated daily for 40 days after the challenge, and mortality rate was recorded. The total IgG production level increased significantly in the experimental groups on day 42 after the first vaccination. Similarly, higher levels of specific IgG2a were observed in experimental groups G2, G3, and G4 compared to the IgG1 levels on day 42. G4 showed a significant (p < .05) humoral response against both antigens of the antigenic formulations. The cellular immune response induced by immunization was characterized by a significant (p < .05) production of interferon-γ compared to that in the control, while the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-12 were not significant in any group. A significant increase of tumor necrosis factor was observed only in G4. The survival rates after the challenge were 30% (rPLD), 40% (rPLD + rCP09720), and 50% (rPLD + rCP01850). Thus, the association of rCP01850 with rPLD resulted in the best protection against the challenge with C. pseudotuberculosis and induced a more intense type 1 T-helper cell immune response.
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Antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a conserved Leishmania hypothetical protein against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2017; 145:740-751. [PMID: 29113597 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyS, was evaluated regarding its antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Regarding antigenicity, immunoblottings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human and canine sera showed high sensitivity and specificity values for the recombinant protein (rLiHyS) in the diagnosis of VL. When evaluating the immunogenicity of LiHyS, which is possibly located in the parasite's flagellar pocket, proliferative assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or VL patients showed a high proliferative index in both individuals, when compared to the results obtained using rA2 or unstimulated cultures. Later, rLiHyS/saponin was inoculated in BALB/c mice, which were then challenged with Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The vaccine induced an interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, which was maintained after infection and which was associated with high nitrite and IgG2a antibody levels, as well as low IL-4 and IL-10 production. Significant reductions in the parasite load in liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes were found in these animals. In this context, the present study shows that the rLiHyS has the capacity to be evaluated as a diagnostic marker or vaccine candidate against VL.
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Ferreira TAR, de Andrade HM, de Pádua PM, Carvalho MDG, Pires SDF, Oliveira IHR, Lima BSS, Fialho Júnior LC, Cicarini WB, Chapeourouge DA, Perales JH, Guimarães TMPD, Toledo VDPCPD. Identification of potential biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:247-256. [PMID: 28675715 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1344975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. Immune deregulation leads to autoantibody and immune complexes overproduction, complement activation, and persistent tissue inflammation. Considering that the current diagnosis depends on the interpretation of the complex criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology and that the disease course is characterized by unpredictable activations and remissions, each patient develops different manifestations, and therefore, the discovery of specific biomarkers is urgently required. Therefore, this study aimed to identify putative biomarkers for active and inactive SLE potentially capable in distinguishing laboratorial SLE from other autoimmune diseases. The 2D-DIGE proteomics technique was used to evaluate the differential abundance of proteins between patients with active SLE, inactive SLE, patients with other autoimmune disease, and healthy individuals. Six proteins showed increased abundance in active SLE (A) and inactive SLE (I) compared to the C and O groups, but not between groups A and I. There were two transthyretin (TTR) fragments or proteins with a structure similar to TTR (accession numbers: PDB: 1GKO_A and 2PAB_A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) isoform X1 (no information in databases such as UNIPROT), and antibody fragments. Two proteins, APO-AIV and SP-40,40, were upregulated in group A than in O and C and in group I versus C, but not in group I versus O. Therefore, we suggest these proteins to be considered as candidates for the diagnosis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Aparecida Reis Ferreira
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Simone da Fonseca Pires
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ivana Helena Rocha Oliveira
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Souza Lima
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Fialho Júnior
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Walter Batista Cicarini
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | | | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Duarte MC, Lage DP, Martins VT, Costa LE, Salles BCS, Carvalho AMRS, de Oliveira Santos TT, Dias DS, Ribeiro PAF, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Ferraz Coelho EA. Performance of Leishmania braziliensis enolase protein for the serodiagnosis of canine and human visceral leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol 2017; 238:77-81. [PMID: 28385540 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, Leishmania braziliensis enolase was cloned and the recombinant protein (rEnolase) was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of canine and human visceral leishmaniosis (VL). For the canine VL diagnosis, this study examined serum samples of Leishmania infantum-infected dogs, from non-infected animals living in endemic or non-endemic areas of leishmaniosis, as well as those from Leish-Tec®-vaccinated dogs and Trypanosoma cruzi or Ehrlichia canis experimentally infected animals. For the human VL diagnosis, this study analyzed serum samples from VL patients, from non-infected subjects living in endemic or non-endemic areas of leishmaniosis, as well as those from T. cruzi-infected patients. In the results, an indirect ELISA method using rEnolase showed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 98.57%, respectively, for canine VL serodiagnosis, and of 100% and 97.87%, respectively, for human VL diagnosis. These results showed rEnolase with an improved diagnostic performance when compared to the recombinant A2 protein, the crude soluble Leishmania antigenic preparation, and the recombinant K39-based immunochromatographic test. In conclusion, preliminary results suggest that the detection of antibodies against rEnolase improves the serodiagnosis of human and canine visceral leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Costa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pagliara Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian Tamietti Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lourena Emanuele Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Cristina Silveira Salles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Teodoro de Oliveira Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Silva Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aparecida Fernandes Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, 88806-000 Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães-Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Johnson WC, Taus NS, Reif KE, Bohaliga GAR, Kappmeyer LS, Ueti MW. Analysis of Stage-Specific Protein Expression during Babesia Bovis Development within Female Rhipicephalus Microplus. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1327-1338. [PMID: 28152313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne protozoan pathogens have a complex life cycle that includes asexual reproduction of haploid stages in mammalian hosts and the development of diploid stages in invertebrate hosts. The ability of pathogens to invade, survive, and replicate within distinct cell types is required to maintain their life cycle. In this study, we describe a comparative proteomic analysis of a cattle pathogen, Babesia bovis, during its development within the mammalian and tick hosts with the goal of identifying cell-surface proteins expressed by B. bovis kinetes as potential targets for the development of a transmission blocking vaccine. To determine parasite tick-stage-specific cell-surface proteins, CyDye labeling was performed with B. bovis blood stages from the bovine host and kinetes from the tick vector. Cell-surface kinete-stage-specific proteins were identified using 2D difference in gel electrophoresis and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Ten proteins were identified as kinete-stage-specific, with orthologs found in closely related Apicomplexan pathogens. Transcriptional analysis revealed two genes were highly expressed by kinetes as compared with blood stages. Immunofluorescence using antibodies against the two proteins confirmed kinete-stage-specific expression. The identified cell-surface kinete proteins are potential candidates for the development of a B. bovis transmission blocking vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Johnson
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Naomi S Taus
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Program in Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kathryn E Reif
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Program in Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Gamila A R Bohaliga
- Program in Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Lowell S Kappmeyer
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Massaro W Ueti
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Program in Vector-borne Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.,Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Duarte MC, Lage DP, Martins VT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, Goulart LR, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Coelho EAF. Recent updates and perspectives on approaches for the development of vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 49:398-407. [PMID: 27598624 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0120-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important tropical diseases worldwide. Although chemotherapy has been widely used to treat this disease, problems related to the development of parasite resistance and side effects associated with the compounds used have been noted. Hence, alternative approaches for VL control are desirable. Some methods, such as vector control and culling of infected dogs, are insufficiently effective, with the latter not ethically recommended. The development of vaccines to prevent VL is a feasible and desirable measure for disease control; for example, some vaccines designed to protect dogs against VL have recently been brought to market. These vaccines are based on the combination of parasite fractions or recombinant proteins with adjuvants that are able to induce cellular immune responses; however, their partial efficacy and the absence of a vaccine to protect against human leishmaniasis underline the need for characterization of new vaccine candidates. This review presents recent advances in control measures for VL based on vaccine development, describing extensively studied antigens, as well as new antigenic proteins recently identified using immuno-proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Costa Duarte
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pagliara Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian Tamietti Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Soto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Martins VT, Duarte MC, Lage DP, Costa LE, Carvalho AMRS, Mendes TAO, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, Soto M, Coelho EAF. A recombinant chimeric protein composed of human and mice-specific CD4+and CD8+T-cell epitopes protects against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2016; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. C. Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - D. P. Lage
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. E. Costa
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - A. M. R. S. Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - T. A. O. Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - B. M. Roatt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - D. Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. Soto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa; CSIC-UAM; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - E. A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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Using Proteomics to Understand How Leishmania Parasites Survive inside the Host and Establish Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081270. [PMID: 27548150 PMCID: PMC5000668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of different clinical manifestations in mammalian hosts. It is a major public health risk on different continents and represents one of the most important neglected diseases. Due to the high toxicity of the drugs currently used, and in the light of increasing drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop new drugs and vaccines to control Leishmania infection. Over the past few years, proteomics has become an important tool to understand the underlying biology of Leishmania parasites and host interaction. The large-scale study of proteins, both in parasites and within the host in response to infection, can accelerate the discovery of new therapeutic targets. By studying the proteomes of host cells and tissues infected with Leishmania, as well as changes in protein profiles among promastigotes and amastigotes, scientists hope to better understand the biology involved in the parasite survival and the host-parasite interaction. This review demonstrates the feasibility of proteomics as an approach to identify new proteins involved in Leishmania differentiation and intracellular survival.
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Duarte MC, Lage DP, Martins VT, Costa LE, Lage LMR, Carvalho AMRS, Ludolf F, Santos TTO, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, Fernandes AP, Tavares CAP, Coelho EAF. A vaccine combining two Leishmania braziliensis proteins offers heterologous protection against Leishmania infantum infection. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:70-9. [PMID: 27387277 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two Leishmania braziliensis proteins, one hypothetical and the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (EiF5a), were cloned and used as a polyproteins vaccine for the heterologous protection of BALB/c mice against infantum infection. Animals were immunized with the antigens separately or in association, and in both cases saponin was used as an adjuvant. In the results, spleen cells from mice inoculated with the individual or polyproteins vaccine and lately challenged produced significantly higher levels of protein- and parasite-specific IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF, when both a capture ELISA and flow cytometry assays were performed. Evaluating the parasite load by a limiting dilution as well as by RT-PCR, these animals presented significant reductions in the parasite number in all evaluated organs, when compared to the control (saline and saponin) groups. The best protection was reached when the polyproteins vaccine was employed. Protection was associated with the IFN-γ production against parasite extracts, which was mediated by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and correlated with the antileishmanial nitrite production. In this context, this vaccine combining two L. braziliensis proteins was able to induce a heterologous protection against VL, and could be considered in future studies to be tested against other Leishmania species or in other mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Duarte
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lourena E Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia M R Lage
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria R S Carvalho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís T O Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Roatt
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Lima BSS, Pires SF, Fialho LC, Oliveira EJ, Machado-de-Avila RA, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Chapeaurouge AD, Perales J, Andrade HM. A proteomic road to acquire an accurate serological diagnosis for human tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Proteomics 2016; 151:174-181. [PMID: 27262223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic tools are important for clinical management and epidemiological evaluation of Tegumentary (TL) and Visceral (VL) Leishmaniasis. Serology is not frequently used for the diagnosis of the TL form because low antibody titers and cross-reaction with VL. Therefore, it is crucial to identify specific and immunogenic antigens from species associated with the TL form. Here we employed a proteomic approach coupled to an in silico analysis and identified the most abundant and immunogenic proteins from Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum. Of 16 species specific proteins, nine were from the species causative of the TL form (L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis). In silico analysis revealed 18 B-cell epitopes with 0% similarity to Trypanosoma cruzi orthologs and, therefore, less likely to crossreact with sera of patients with Chagas disease. Two proteins reacted exclusively with serum from TL patients and presented several B-cell epitopes without similarity to T. cruzi orthologs: the hypothetical protein GI 134063939 and the metallo-peptidase Clan MA(E)-Family M3. The immunoassay revealed nine peptides with strong reactivity to sera from TL patients. These proteins and peptides may be good candidates to improve the specificity and sensibility of serological tests aiming to diagnose the TL of this neglected human disease. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE As no gold-standard test for tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) exists, a combination of different diagnostic techniques is often necessary to obtain precise results. Thus, the identification of species-specific, highly immunogenic and abundant proteins that stimulate the humoral immune response in the host should help in the development of serological tests for human TL. Herein we searched for these potential antigens in Leishmania species related to American Leishmaniasis (L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum). To this end, we employed an immunoproteomic approach using proteins from these Leishmania species and sera from TL and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Our study unveils specific proteins and peptides that may represent antigens that will help the efforts to improve the accuracy of serological tests to diagnose the TL form.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S S Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S F Pires
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L C Fialho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E J Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, CP: 1742 - CEP: 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R A Machado-de-Avila
- Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, CEP: 88.806-000 Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C Chávez-Olórtegui
- Departamento Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A D Chapeaurouge
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, CEP: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H M Andrade
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486 - CEP: 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Identification of Immunoreactive Leishmania infantum Protein Antigens to Asymptomatic Dog Sera through Combined Immunoproteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149894. [PMID: 26906226 PMCID: PMC4764335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the etiologic agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in countries in the Mediterranean basin, where dogs are the domestic reservoirs and represent important elements in the transmission of the disease. Since the major focal areas of human VL exhibit a high prevalence of seropositive dogs, the control of canine VL could reduce the infection rate in humans. Efforts toward this have focused on the improvement of diagnostic tools, as well as on vaccine development. The identification of parasite antigens including suitable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and/or II-restricted epitopes is very important since disease protection is characterized by strong and long-lasting CD8+ T and CD4+ Th1 cell-dominated immunity. In the present study, total protein extract from late-log phase L. infantum promastigotes was analyzed by two-dimensional western blots and probed with sera from asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs. A total of 42 protein spots were found to differentially react with IgG from asymptomatic dogs, while 17 of these identified by Coommasie stain were extracted and analyzed. Of these, 21 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry; they were mainly involved in metabolism and stress responses. An in silico analysis predicted that the chaperonin HSP60, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, enolase, cyclophilin 2, cyclophilin 40, and one hypothetical protein contain promiscuous MHCI and/or MHCII epitopes. Our results suggest that the combination of immunoproteomics and bioinformatics analyses is a promising method for the identification of novel candidate antigens for vaccine development or with potential use in the development of sensitive diagnostic tests.
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Martins VT, Lage DP, Duarte MC, Costa LE, Garde E, Rodrigues MR, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Menezes-Souza D, Roatt BM, Tavares CAP, Soto M, Coelho EAF. A new Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein, LiHyT, used as a vaccine antigen against visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2016; 154:73-81. [PMID: 26593442 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate a new Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein, LiHyT, as a vaccine candidate against VL. The immunogenicity of the recombinant protein (rLiHyT) plus saponin was evaluated in BALB/c mice. In the results, it is shown that rLiHyT plus saponin vaccinated mice produced high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and GM-CSF after in vitro stimulation of spleen cells using both rLiHyT and Leishmania infantum SLA. The protective efficacy was evaluated after subcutaneous challenge with stationary promastigotes of L. infantum. Immunized and infected mice, when compared to the controls, showed significant reductions in the number of parasites in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and in the paws' draining lymph nodes. Protection was associated with an IL-12-dependent production of IFN-γ, mainly by CD4(+) T cells, with a minor contribution of CD8(+) T cells. In these mice, a decrease in the parasite-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 responses, as well as a predominance of LiHyT- and parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies, were also observed. The present study showed that a new Leishmania-specific protein, when combined with a Th1-type adjuvant, presents potential to be used as a vaccine against VL.
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Lage DP, Martins VT, Duarte MC, Costa LE, Garde E, Dimer LM, Kursancew ACS, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Menezes-Souza D, Roatt BM, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Coelho EAF. A new Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein and its non-described specific B cell conformational epitope applied in the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1649-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Advances in Development of New Treatment for Leishmaniasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:815023. [PMID: 26078965 PMCID: PMC4442256 DOI: 10.1155/2015/815023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by several different species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Current strategies to control this disease are mainly based on chemotherapy. Despite being available for the last 70 years, leishmanial chemotherapy has lack of efficiency, since its route of administration is difficult and it can cause serious side effects, which results in the emergence of resistant cases. The medical-scientific community is facing difficulties to overcome these problems with new suitable and efficient drugs, as well as the identification of new drug targets. The availability of the complete genome sequence of Leishmania has given the scientific community the possibility of large-scale analysis, which may lead to better understanding of parasite biology and consequent identification of novel drug targets. In this review we focus on how high-throughput analysis is helping us and other groups to identify novel targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. We further discuss recent data produced by our group regarding the use of the high-throughput techniques and how this helped us to identify and assess the potential of new identified targets.
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Teixeira PC, Velasquez LG, Lepique AP, de Rezende E, Bonatto JMC, Barcinski MA, Cunha-Neto E, Stolf BS. Regulation of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis protein expression by host T cell dependent responses: differential expression of oligopeptidase B, tryparedoxin peroxidase and HSP70 isoforms in amastigotes isolated from BALB/c and BALB/c nude mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003411. [PMID: 25692783 PMCID: PMC4333223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an important disease that affects 12 million people in 88 countries, with 2 million new cases every year. Leishmania amazonensis is an important agent in Brazil, leading to clinical forms varying from localized (LCL) to diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). One interesting issue rarely analyzed is how host immune response affects Leishmania phenotype and virulence. Aiming to study the effect of host immune system on Leishmania proteins we compared proteomes of amastigotes isolated from BALB/c and BALB/c nude mice. The athymic nude mice may resemble patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, considered T-cell hyposensitive or anergic to Leishmania's antigens. This work is the first to compare modifications in amastigotes' proteomes driven by host immune response. Among the 44 differentially expressed spots, there were proteins related to oxidative/nitrosative stress and proteases. Some correspond to known Leishmania virulence factors such as OPB and tryparedoxin peroxidase. Specific isoforms of these two proteins were increased in parasites from nude mice, suggesting that T cells probably restrain their posttranslational modifications in BALB/c mice. On the other hand, an isoform of HSP70 was increased in amastigotes from BALB/c mice. We believe our study may allow identification of potential virulence factors and ways of regulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Garcia Velasquez
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloiza de Rezende
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simonsen Stolf
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Faria AR, de Castro Veloso L, Coura-Vital W, Reis AB, Damasceno LM, Gazzinelli RT, Andrade HM. Novel recombinant multiepitope proteins for the diagnosis of asymptomatic leishmania infantum-infected dogs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e3429. [PMID: 25569685 PMCID: PMC4287523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Worldwide, approximately 20% of zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum, also known as Leishmania chagasi in Latin America. Current diagnostic methods are not accurate enough to identify Leishmania-infected animals and may compromise the effectiveness of disease control. Therefore, we aimed to produce and test two recombinant multiepitope proteins as a means to improve and increase accuracy in the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Methodology/Principal Findings Ten antigenic peptides were identified by CVL ELISA in previous work. In the current proposal, the coding sequences of these ten peptides were assembled into a synthetic gene. Furthermore, other twenty peptides were selected from work by our group where good B and T cell epitopes were mapped. The coding sequences of these peptides were also assembled into a synthetic gene. Both genes have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, producing two multiepitope recombinant proteins, PQ10 and PQ20. These antigens have been used in CVL ELISA and were able to identify asymptomatic dogs (80%) more effectively than EIE-LVC kit, produced by Bio-Manguinhos (0%) and DPP kit (10%). Moreover, our recombinant proteins presented an early detection (before PCR) of infected dogs, with positivities ranging from 23% to 65%, depending on the phase of infection in which sera were acquired. Conclusions/Significance Our study shows that ELISA using the multiepitope proteins PQ10 and PQ20 has great potential in early CVL diagnosis. The use of these proteins in other methodologies, such as immunochromatographic tests, could be beneficial mainly for the detection of asymptomatic dogs. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form among leishmaniasis, being a neglected disease caused by a protozoan parasite. Its transmission through phlebotominae bites, between dogs and humans, classifies it as a zoonotic disease. It is caused by the specie Leishmania infantum ( = L. chagasi) and represents 20% of the world's human visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis is a serious public health issue, fatal if untreated, and its incidence is increasing in urban areas of the tropics. In Brazil, one of the control measures is the identification and elimination of infected dogs, which act as reservoirs for Leishmania parasites. Diagnostic methods used to identify infection in these animals are still not accurate enough, which may compromise the effectiveness of this control measure. Thus, to contribute to the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis, we aimed to develop and test two new antigens that could be applied in early detection of infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rosa Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Luciano de Castro Veloso
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wendel Coura-Vital
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Miranda Damasceno
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hélida M. Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Fonseca AM, Faria AR, Rodrigues FTG, Nagem RAP, Magalhães RDM, Cunha JLR, Bartholomeu DC, de Andrade HM. Evaluation of three recombinant Leishmania infantum antigens in human and canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis. Acta Trop 2014; 137:25-30. [PMID: 24801885 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease and is fatal if untreated. Dogs serve as reservoirs for Leishmania infantum (syn. L. chagasi) due to their susceptibility to infection and high skin parasitism. Therefore, VL control in Brazil involves the elimination of seropositive dogs, among other actions. However, the most frequently used serological tests have limitations regarding sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we have selected three Leishmania antigens (C1, C8 and C9) and have produced them as recombinant proteins using pET-28a-TEV vector and Escherichia coli BL-21 as expression system. When tested in ELISA with human samples, the C9 antigen was the one showing the most promising results, with 68% sensitivity and 78% specificity. When testing canine samples, the C1, C8 and C9 antigens showed a sensitivity range from 70% to 80% and specificity range from 60% to 90%. The C1 antigen presented higher sensitivity (80%) and the C8 antigen presented higher specificity (90%). Due to it, we decided to mix and test C1 and C8 antigens together, resulting in the C18 antigen. The mix also yielded high percentages of detected symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs however it did not improve the performance of the diagnostic. Comparison of our tests with the tests recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health revealed that our antigens' sensitivities and the percentage of detected asymptomatic dogs were much higher. Our results suggest that the C1, C8, C18 and C9 recombinant proteins are good antigens to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis and could potentially be used in screening tests. To diagnose human visceral leishmaniasis, the C9 antigen presented reasonable results, but more optimization must be performed for this antigen to provide better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliani Moura Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angélica Rosa Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernandes Tenório Gomes Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Alves Pinto Nagem
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rubens Daniel Miserani Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Luís Reis Cunha
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Proteomic analysis of the soluble proteomes of miltefosine-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania infantum chagasi isolates obtained from Brazilian patients with different treatment outcomes. J Proteomics 2014; 108:198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Braga MS, Neves LX, Campos JM, Roatt BM, de Oliveira Aguiar Soares RD, Braga SL, de Melo Resende D, Reis AB, Castro-Borges W. Shotgun proteomics to unravel the complexity of the Leishmania infantum exoproteome and the relative abundance of its constituents. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 195:43-53. [PMID: 25017697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The exoproteome of some Leishmania species has revealed important insights into host-parasite interaction, paving the way for the proposal of novel disease-oriented interventions. The focus of the present investigation constituted the molecular profile of the L. infantum exoproteome revealed by a shotgun proteomic approach. Promastigotes under logarithmic phase of growth were obtained and harvested by centrifugation at different time points. Cell integrity was evaluated through the counting of viable parasites using propidium iodide labeling, followed by flow cytometry analysis. The 6h culture supernatant, operationally defined here as exoproteome, was then conditioned to in solution digestion and the resulting peptides submitted to mass spectrometry. A total of 102 proteins were identified and categorized according to their cellular function. Their relative abundance index (emPAI) allowed inference that the L. infantum exoproteome is a complex mixture dominated by molecules particularly involved in nucleotide metabolism and antioxidant activity. Bioinformatic analyses support that approximately 60% of the identified proteins are secreted, of which, 85% possibly reach the extracellular milieu by means of non-classic pathways. At last, sera from naturally infected animals, carriers of differing clinical forms of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL), were used to test the immunogenicity associated to the L. infantum exoproteome. Western blotting experiments revealed that this sub-proteome was useful at discriminating symptomatic animals from those exhibiting other clinical forms of the disease. Collectively, the molecular characterization of the L. infantum exoproteome and the preliminary immunoproteomic assays opened up new research avenues related to treatment, prognosis and diagnosis of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Soares Braga
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Xavier Neves
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jonatan Marques Campos
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Leôncio Braga
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - William Castro-Borges
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Menezes-Souza D, Mendes TADO, Nagem RAP, Santos TTDO, Silva ALT, Santoro MM, de Carvalho SFG, Coelho EAF, Bartholomeu DC, Fujiwara RT. Mapping B-cell epitopes for the peroxidoxin of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and its potential for the clinical diagnosis of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99216. [PMID: 24921246 PMCID: PMC4055673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search toward the establishment of novel serological tests for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and proper differential diagnosis may represent one alternative to the invasive parasitological methods currently used to identify infected individuals. In the present work, we investigated the potential use of recombinant peroxidoxin (rPeroxidoxin) of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis as a potential antigen for the immunodiagnosis of human tegumentary (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Linear B-cell epitope mapping was performed to identify polymorphic epitopes when comparing orthologous sequences present in Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent for Chagas disease (CD), and the Homo sapiens and Canis familiaris hosts. The serological assay (ELISA) demonstrated that TL, VL and CVL individuals showed high levels of antibodies against rPeroxidoxin, allowing identification of infected ones with considerable sensitivity and great ability to discriminate (specificity) between non-infected and CD individuals (98.46% and 100%; 98.18% and 95.71%; 95.79% and 100%, respectively). An rPeroxidoxin ELISA also showed a greater ability to discriminate between vaccinated and infected animals, which is an important requirement for the public campaign control of CVL. A depletion ELISA assay using soluble peptides of this B-cell epitope confirmed the recognition of these sites only by Leishmania-infected individuals. Moreover, this work identifies two antigenic polymorphic linear B-cell epitopes of L. braziliensis. Specific recognition of TL and VL patients was confirmed by significantly decreased IgG reactivity against rPeroxidoxin after depletion of peptide-1- and peptide-2-specific antibodies (peptide 1: reduced by 32%, 42% and 5% for CL, ML and VL, respectively; peptide-2: reduced by 24%, 22% and 13% for CL, ML and VL, respectively) and only peptide-2 for CVL (reduced 9%). Overall, rPeroxidoxin may be a potential antigen for the immunodiagnosis of TL, VL or CVL, as it has a higher agreement with parasitological assays and is better than other reference tests that use soluble Leishmania antigens for diagnosing CVL in Brazil (EIE-LVC, Bio-manguinhos, FIOCRUZ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Alves Pinto Nagem
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luíza Teixeira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Matos Santoro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Antônio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina and Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Epitope mapping of the HSP83.1 protein of Leishmania braziliensis discloses novel targets for immunodiagnosis of tegumentary and visceral clinical forms of leishmaniasis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:949-59. [PMID: 24807053 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00151-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gold standard serological diagnostic methods focus on antigens that elicit a strong humoral immune response that is specific to a certain pathogen. In this study, we used bioinformatics approaches to identify linear B-cell epitopes that are conserved among Leishmania species but are divergent from the host species Homo sapiens and Canis familiaris and from Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease, to select potential targets for the immunodiagnosis of leishmaniasis. Using these criteria, we selected heat shock protein 83.1 of Leishmania braziliensis for this study. We predicted three linear B-cell epitopes in its sequence. These peptides and the recombinant heat shock protein 83.1 (rHSP83.1) were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) against serum samples from patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and from dogs infected with Leishmania infantum (canine VL [CVL]). Our data show that rHSP83.1 is a promising target in the diagnosis of TL. We also identified specific epitopes derived from HSP83.1 that can be used in the diagnosis of human TL (peptide 3), both human and canine VL (peptides 1 and 3), and all TL, VL, and CVL clinical manifestations (peptide 3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves confirmed the superior performance of rHSP83.1 and peptides 1 and 3 compared to that of the soluble L. braziliensis antigen and the reference test kit for the diagnosis of CVL in Brazil (EIE-LVC kit; Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz). Our study thus provides proof-of-principle evidence of the feasibility of using bioinformatics to identify novel targets for the immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases using proteins that are highly conserved throughout evolution.
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da Fonseca Pires S, Fialho LC, Silva SO, Melo MN, de Souza CC, Tafuri WL, Bruna Romero O, de Andrade HM. Identification of virulence factors in Leishmania infantum strains by a proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1860-72. [PMID: 24617796 DOI: 10.1021/pr400923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of Leishmania virulence is essential for understanding how the contact between the pathogen and host cells can lead to pathogenesis. Virulence in two L. infantum strains was characterized using macrophages and hamsters. Next, we used difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and mass spectrometry to identify the differentially expressed proteins. A total of 63 spots were identified corresponding to 36 proteins; 20 were up-regulated, in which 16 had been previously associated with Leishmania virulence. Considering our results and what has been reported before, we suggest the hypothesis that L. infatum virulence could be a result of the increased expression of KMP-11 and metallopeptidase, associated with an improved parasite-host interacting efficiency and degradation of the protective host proteins and peptides, respectively. Other factors are tryparedoxin peroxidase and peroxidoxin, which protect the parasite against the stress response, and 14-3-3 protein-like, which can prolong infected host cell lifetime. Proteins as chaperones and endoribonuclease L-PSP can increase parasite survival. Enolase is able to perform versatile functions in the cell, acting as a chaperone or in the transcription process, or as a plasminogen receptor or in cell migration events. As expected in more invasive cells with high replication rates, energy consumption and protein synthesis are higher, with up-regulation of Rieske iron-sulfur protein precursor, EF-2, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and phosphomannomutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone da Fonseca Pires
- Departamento de Parasitologia, ‡Departamento de Patologia, and §Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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de Jesus JB, Mesquita-Rodrigues C, Cuervo P. Proteomics advances in the study of Leishmania parasites and leishmaniasis. Subcell Biochem 2014; 74:323-349. [PMID: 24264252 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7305-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are digenetic parasites which cause a broad spectrum of fatal diseases in humans. These parasites, as well as the other trypanosomatid, regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, so that a poor correlation is observed between mRNA content and translated proteins. The completion of the genomic sequencing of several Leishmania species has enormous relevance to the study of the leishmaniasis pathogenesis. The combination of the available genomic resources of these parasites with powerful high-throughput proteomic analysis has shed light on various aspects of Leishmania biology as well as on the mechanisms underlying the disease. Diverse proteomic approaches have been used to describe and catalogue global protein profiles of Leishmania spp., reveal changes in protein expression during development, determine the subcellular localization of gene products, evaluate host-parasite interactions and elucidate drug resistance mechanisms. The characterization of these proteins has advanced, although many fundamental questions remain unanswered. Here, we present a historic review summarizing the different proteomic technologies applied to the study of Leishmania parasites during the last decades and we discuss the proteomic discoveries that have contributed to the understanding of Leishmania parasites biology and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Batista de Jesus
- Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, São João Del Rei, MG, Brazil,
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Abstract
Advancement in electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques along with the recent progresses in genomics, culminating in bovine and pig genome sequencing, widened the potential application of proteomics in the field of veterinary medicine. The aim of the present review is to provide an in-depth perspective about the application of proteomics to animal disease pathogenesis, as well as its utilization in veterinary diagnostics. After an overview on the various proteomic techniques that are currently applied to veterinary sciences, the article focuses on proteomic approaches to animal disease pathogenesis. Included as well are recent achievements in immunoproteomics (ie, the identifications through proteomic techniques of antigen involved in immune response) and histoproteomics (ie, the application of proteomics in tissue processed for immunohistochemistry). Finally, the article focuses on clinical proteomics (ie, the application of proteomics to the identification of new biomarkers of animal diseases).
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Martins LMS, de Andrade HM, Vainstein MH, Wanke B, Schrank A, Balaguez CB, dos Santos PR, Santi L, Pires SDF, da Silva AS, de Castro JAF, Brandão RMSDS, do Monte SJH. Immunoproteomics and immunoinformatics analysis of Cryptococcus gattii: novel candidate antigens for diagnosis. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:549-63. [PMID: 23534365 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify immunoreactive proteins of Cryptococcus gattii genotype VGII and their B-cell epitopes. MATERIALS & METHODS We combined 2D gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to identify immunoreactive proteins from four strains of C. gattii genotype VGII (CG01, CG02, CG03 and R265). Next, we screened the identified proteins to map B-cell epitopes. RESULTS Sixty-eight immunoreactive proteins were identified. The strains and the number of proteins we found were: CG01 (12), CG02 (12), CG03 (18) and R265 (26). In addition, we mapped 374 peptides potentially targeted by B cells. CONCLUSION Both immunoreactive proteins and B-cell epitopes of C. gattii genotype VGII that were potentially targeted by a host humoral response were identified. Considering the evolutionary relevance of the identified proteins, we may speculate that they could be used as the initial targets for recombinant protein and peptide synthesis aimed at the development of immunodiagnostic tools for cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liline Maria Soares Martins
- Laboratório de Imunogenética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella Bloco SG-16, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Fernandes AP, Coelho EAF, Machado-Coelho GLL, Grimaldi G, Gazzinelli RT. Making an anti-amastigote vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis: rational, update and perspectives. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:476-85. [PMID: 22698479 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Latina America, as well as the Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia. We aimed to develop a vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis targeting the intracellular amastigotes, which is the parasite stage that persists throughout infections with Leishmania parasites. With this in mind, we identified an amastigote specific antigen (A2) that contains an immunogenic epitope for CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and multiple repetitive units encoding CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Vaccine formulations containing the recombinant A2 associated with saponin, alum and IL-12 or expressed by attenuated adenovirus were shown to be protective in mice, dogs and nonhuman-primates. We are currently identifying novel amastigote specific immunogenic proteins that could be aggregated to A2 to further improve the level of vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity and protection against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Faria AR, Costa MM, Giusta MS, Grimaldi G, Penido MLO, Gazzinelli RT, Andrade HM. High-throughput analysis of synthetic peptides for the immunodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1310. [PMID: 21931874 PMCID: PMC3172188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Approximately 20% of zoonotic human visceral leishmaniasis worldwide is caused by Leishmania infantum, which is also known as Leishmania chagasi in Latin America, and disease incidence is increasing in urban and peri-urban areas of the tropics. In this form of disease, dogs are the main reservoirs. Diagnostic methods used to identify Leishmania infected animals are not able to detect all of the infected ones, which can compromise the effectiveness of disease control. Therefore, to contribute to the improvement of diagnostic methods for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we aimed to identify and test novel antigens using high-throughput analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunodominant proteins from L. infantum were mapped in silico to predict B cell epitopes, and the 360 predicted peptides were synthesized on cellulose membranes. Immunoassays were used to select the most reactive peptides, which were then investigated with canine sera. Next, the 10 most reactive peptides were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis protocol and tested using ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of these peptides were also compared to the EIE-LVC Bio-Manguinhos kit, which is recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for use in leishmaniasis control programs. The sensitivity and specificity of the selected synthesized peptides was as high as 88.70% and 95.00%, respectively, whereas the EIE-LVC kit had a sensitivity of 13.08% and 100.00% of specificity. Although the tests based on synthetic peptides were able to diagnose up to 94.80% of asymptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis, the EIE-LVC kit failed to detect the disease in any of the infected asymptomatic dogs. Conclusions/Significance Our study shows that ELISA using synthetic peptides is a technique with great potential for diagnosing CVL; furthermore, the use of these peptides in other diagnostic methodologies, such as immunochromatographic tests, could be beneficial to CVL control programs. Globally, the number of new human cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is estimated to be approximately 500,000 per year. This is the most severe of all forms of leishmaniasis, and the zoonotic form of VL, caused by Leishmania infantum (also known as Leishmania chagasi), represents 20% of human visceral leishmaniasis worldwide; additionally, its prevalence is increasing in urban and peri-urban areas of the tropics. In Brazil, the identification and elimination of infected dogs, which act as a reservoir for Leishmania parasites, is a control measure employed in addition to the use of insecticides against the vectors and the identification and treatment of infected humans. Currently, the diagnostic methods employed to identify infected animals are not able to detect all of these dogs, which compromises the effectiveness of control measures. Moreover, one of the most important issues in controlling VL is the difficulty of diagnosing asymptomatic dogs, which act as parasite reservoirs. Therefore, to contribute to the improvement of the diagnostic methods for CVL, we aimed to identify and characterize new antigens that were more sensitive and specific and could be applied in epidemiologic surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica R. Faria
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Míriam M. Costa
- Departamento de Bioqu$mica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Mário S. Giusta
- Departamento de Bioqu$mica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Grimaldi
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcus L. O. Penido
- Departamento de Bioqu$mica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Departamento de Bioqu$mica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hélida M. Andrade
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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