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Jiang H, Sun Y, Li F, Yu X, Lei S, Du S, Wu T, Jiang X, Zhu J, Wang J, Ji Y, Li N, Feng X, Gu J, Han W, Zeng L, Lei L. Enolase of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 promotes biomolecular condensation of ribosomal protein SA for HBMECs apoptosis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38331785 PMCID: PMC10854124 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) can transfer from the cytosol to the cell surface and act as a receptor for some pathogens, including Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis in pigs and humans. We previously reported that SS2 virulence factor enolase (ENO) binds to RPSA on the cell surface of HBMECs and induces apoptosis. However, the mechanism that activates RPSA translocation to the cell surface and induces ENO-mediated HBMEC apoptosis is unclear. RESULTS Here, we show that RPSA localization and condensation on the host cell surface depend on its internally disordered region (IDR). ENO binds to the IDR of RPSA and promotes its interaction with RPSA and vimentin (VIM), which is significantly suppressed after 1,6-Hexanediol (1,6-Hex, a widely used tool to disrupt phase separation) treatment, indicating that ENO incorporation and thus the concentration of RPSA/VIM complexes via co-condensation. Furthermore, increasing intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) in response to SS2 infection further facilitates the liquid-like condensation of RPSA and aggravates ENO-induced HBMEC cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study provides a previously underappreciated molecular mechanism illuminating that ENO-induced RPSA condensation activates the migration of RPSA to the bacterial cell surface and stimulates SS2-infected HBMEC death and, potentially, disease progression. This study offers a fresh avenue for investigation into the mechanism by which other harmful bacteria infect hosts via cell surfaces' RPSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xibing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Siyu Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sulan Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Junhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jillin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, China
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Kumar A, Boradia VM, Mahajan A, Kumaran S, Raje M, Raje CI. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv enolase (Rv1023)- expression, characterization and effect of host dependent modifications on protein functionality. Biochimie 2023; 214:102-113. [PMID: 37385399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enolase is an essential glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2, phosphoglycerate (PGA) to phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP). It is also a crucial link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway. The depletion of PEP has recently been associated with the emergence of non-replicating drug resistant bacteria. Enolase is also known to exhibit multiple alternate functions, such as promoting tissue invasion via its role as a plasminogen (Plg) receptor. In addition, proteomic studies have identified the presence of enolase in the Mtb degradosome and in biofilms. However, the precise role in these processes has not been elaborated. The enzyme was recently identified as a target for 2-amino thiazoles - a novel class of anti-mycobacterials. In vitro assays and characterization of this enzyme were unsuccessful due to the inability to obtain functional recombinant protein. In the present study, we report the expression and characterization of enolase using Mtb H37Ra as a host strain. Our study demonstrates that the enzyme activity and alternate functions of this protein are significantly impacted by the choice of expression host (Mtb H37Ra or E. coli). Detailed analysis of the protein from each source revealed subtle differences in the post-translational modifications. Lastly, our study confirms the role of enolase in Mtb biofilm formation and describes the potential for inhibiting this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Vishant Mahendra Boradia
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Apurwa Mahajan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - S Kumaran
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research -Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39 A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Jun T, Zhimin L, Xi D, Hua W, Huilong S, Jiaofeng P, Kang Z, Xie Q. Immunisation with the glycolytic enzyme enolase inhibits dissemination of Treponema pallidum in C57BL/6 mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106374. [PMID: 37802159 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), an obligate extracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases. In this study, the glycolytic enzyme enolase (Tp Eno) of T. pallidum were injected intramuscularly into C57BL/6 mice, resulting in higher levels of specific anti-Tp Eno antibodies and Tp Eno-specific splenocyte proliferation than those in the mice immunized with recombinant protein Tp Eno. Cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) analysis of splenocytes showed that the Tp Eno could slightly trigger the Th1-biased immune response. Furthermore, immunization of mice with Tp Eno elicited a significant production of IFN-γ by CD4+ T-cells in the spleen. Subsequently, mice were inoculated intradermally (between the scapulae), intraperitoneally, intrarectally and via the corpora cavernosa with 2.5 × 106 organisms per site (1 × 107 total organisms). The bacterial organ burden detected in the blood, spleen, liver, testes or brain of immunized mice suggested that Tp Eno enhances protective immunity to inhibit T. pallidum colonization in distal tissues. Therefore, Tp Eno vaccination enhances Tp Eno-specific immunogenicity and provides protection against T. pallidum dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Jun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, HuNan, China
| | - Liu Zhimin
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Deng Xi
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wu Hua
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shen Huilong
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Jiaofeng
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), 12# Yancheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinghua Xie
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, 410004, HuNan, China.
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Xu YD, Guo YJ, Mao HR, Xiong ZX, Luo MY, Luo RQ, Lu S, Huang L, Hong Y. Integration of transcriptomics and proteomics to elucidate inhibitory effect and mechanism of rosmarinic acid from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. in treating Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Chin Med 2023; 18:67. [PMID: 37280712 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophyte caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a global disease with a growing prevalence that is difficult to cure. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is an edible and medicinal plant. Ancient books of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has potential anti-fungi activity. This is the first study to explore the inhibitory effects of compounds from P. frutescens on Trichophyton mentagrophytes and its mechanism of action coupled with the antifungal activity in vitro from network pharmacology, transcriptomics and proteomics. METHODS Five most potential inhibitory compounds against fungi in P. frutescens was screened with network pharmacology. The antifungal activity of the candidates was detected by a broth microdilution method. Through in vitro antifungal assays screening the compound with efficacy, transcriptomics and proteomics were performed to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of the effective compound against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Furthermore, the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to verify the expression of genes. RESULTS The top five potential antifungal compounds in P. frutescens screened by network pharmacology are: progesterone, luteolin, apigenin, ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid. In vitro antifungal assays showed that rosmarinic acid had a favorable inhibitory effect on fungi. The transcriptomic findings exhibited that the differentially expressed genes of fungus after rosmarinic acid intervention were mainly enriched in the carbon metabolism pathway, while the proteomic findings suggested that rosmarinic acid could inhibit the average growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by interfering with the expression of enolase in the glycolysis pathway. Comparison of real-time PCR and transcriptomics results showed that the trends of gene expression in glycolytic, carbon metabolism and glutathione metabolic pathways were identical. The binding modes and interactions between rosmarinic acid and enolase were preliminary explored by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The key findings of the present study manifested that rosmarinic acid, a medicinal compound extracted from P. frutescens, had pharmacological activity in inhibiting the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes by affecting its enolase expression to reduce metabolism. Rosmarinic acid is expected to be an efficacious product for prevention and treatment of dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ding Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - He-Rong Mao
- International Center for TCM Communication Studies, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Meng-Yu Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Rui-Qi Luo
- School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangzhou Wellhealth Bio-Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510200, China.
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Celik F, Simsek S, Selcuk MA, Kesik HK, Gunyakti Kilinc S, Aslan Celik B. Cloning and expression of Fasciola hepatica enolase gene and efficacy of recombinant protein in the serodiagnosis of sheep fasciolosis. Vet Parasitol 2023; 320:109961. [PMID: 37290212 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica is a disease of zoonotic importance that is common worldwide and can cause serious problems in farm animals, some wild animals and humans. The development of diagnostic kits for the correct diagnosis of fasciolosis in sheep is important in terms of preventing yield losses. With this study, it is aimed to clone and express the enolase gene to be isolated from adult F. hepatica and to determine the effectiveness of the recombinant antigen in the serodiagnosis of sheep fasciolosis. For this aim, primers were designed to amplify the enolase gene from the F. hepatica enolase sequence, mRNA was isolated from F. hepatica adult fluke obtained from an infected sheep followed by cDNA was obtained. Enolase gene was amplified by PCR and the product was cloned and then expressed. The efficiency of the purified recombinant protein was displayed by Western blot (WB) and ELISA using positive and negative sheep sera. As a result, the sensitivity and specificity rates of the recombinant FhENO antigen were 85% and %82.8 by WB while the rates were 90% and 97.14% by ELISA, respectively. At the same time, in sheep blood sera samples collected from the Elazig and Siirt provinces of Turkey, 100 (50%) of 200 sera were found to be positive by WB and 46 (23%) were found to be positive by ELISA. The most important problem in ELISA was the high cross-reaction rate of the recombinant antigen used, as in WB. In order to prevent the cross-reactions, it will be useful to compare the genes encoding the enolase protein of parasites from the closely related parasite family, and select the regions where there are no common epitopes, and clone them and test the purified protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Celik
- University of Firat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- University of Firat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Ahmed Selcuk
- Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Bingol University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Bingol University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Burcak Aslan Celik
- Siirt University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Siirt, Turkey
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Grijincu M, Huțu I, Weber M, Babaev E, Stolz F, Valenta R, Păunescu V, Panaitescu C, Chen KW. Physicochemical and immunological characterization of Amb a 12, a novel ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) pollen allergen. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:18-29. [PMID: 36966550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed is an invasive plant in Europe, causing hay fever and asthma in allergic patients. Climate change is predicted to increase expansion and allergenicity. Elevated NO2 induced upregulation of a new allergen in ragweed pollen, an enolase, Amb a 12. OBJECTIVE of this study was producing ragweed enolase as a recombinant protein and characterizing its physicochemical and immunological features. METHODS Amb a 12 was designed for E. coli and insect cell expression. Physicochemical features were determined by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism measurements and enzymatic activity assay. Immunological characteristics were determined in ELISA, in a mediator release assay and by investigation of association with clinical symptoms. Common allergen sources were screened for similar proteins. RESULTS Ragweed enolase was produced as a 48 kDa protein forming oligomers in both expression systems, showing differences in secondary structure content and enzymatic activity depending on expression system. IgE frequency and allergenicity were low regardless of expression system. Enolase-specific serum bound to similar sized molecules in mugwort, timothy grass and birch pollen, as well as food allergen sources, while highest IgE inhibition was achieved with peach pulp extract. CONCLUSIONS Amb a 12 had high sequence similarity and comparable IgE frequency to enolase allergens from different sources. 50 kDa proteins were found in other pollen and food allergen sources, suggesting that enolases might be pan-allergens in pollen and plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grijincu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Huțu
- University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I of Romania", Timişoara, Romania
| | - Milena Weber
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Frank Stolz
- Biomay AG, Vienna Competence Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Panaitescu
- Center of Immuno-physiology and Biotechnologies, Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania; OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Kuan-Wei Chen
- OncoGen Center, Pius Brînzeu County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Timișoara, Romania
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Wai CYY, Leung NYH, Leung ASY, Fusayasu N, Sato S, Xu KJY, Yau YS, Rosa Duque JS, Kwan MYW, Cheng JWCH, Chan WH, Chua GT, Lee QU, Luk DCK, Ho PK, Wong JSC, Lam ICS, Wong GWK, Ebisawa M, Leung TF. Differential patterns of fish sensitization in Asian populations: Implication for precision diagnosis. Allergol Int 2023:S1323-8930(23)00015-1. [PMID: 37032258 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current diagnostics of fish allergy lack sufficient accuracy such that more reliable tests such as component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) are urgently needed. This study aimed at identifying fish allergens of salmon and grass carp and evaluating the sensitization pattern in fish allergic subjects from two distinct populations in Asia. METHODS One hundred and three fish allergic subjects were recruited from Hong Kong (67 subjects) and Japan (46 subjects). Western blot and mass spectrometry were used to identify allergens from salmon and grass carp. Fish allergens were purified and tested against 96 sera on ELISA to analyze patients' sensitization pattern. The protein profiles of salmon meat prepared under different cooking methods until core temperature reached 80 °C were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Three common allergens between salmon and grass carp, namely enolase, glycerldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and parvalbumin, and two salmon-specific allergens collagen and aldolase were identified. Parvalbumin was the major allergen for both fishes showing an overall sensitization rate of 74.7%, followed by collagen (38.9%), aldolase (38.5%) and enolase (17.8%). Japanese subjects showed more diverse allergen sensitization pattern and more frequent IgE-binding to heat-labile salmon allergens. Compared with steaming and boiling, cooking by baking and frying retained more fish proteins inclusive of heat-labile allergens. CONCLUSIONS Fish allergic patients from different Asian populations show varying fish allergen sensitization profiles. The relevant extracts and components for diagnosis are population-dependent but parvalbumin and collagen are important biomarkers. Cooking methods modify allergen composition of salmon and appear to influence patients' allergic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Y Y Wai
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nicki Y H Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Agnes S Y Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Naoko Fusayasu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Centre for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kary J Y Xu
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yat Sun Yau
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mike Y W Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - James W C H Cheng
- Department of Paediartics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Hung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Ui Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - David C K Luk
- Department of Paediartics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Ki Ho
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua S C Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan C S Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital and Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary W K Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Centre for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Smiline Girija AS. Moonlighting proteins [ML proteins]: The pandora's box of insidious oro-dental diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119435. [PMID: 36738892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral pathogens survive in the harsh niche of the oral microbiome on account of a plethora of moonlighting [ML] proteins that can multitask in the oro-mucosal layers. ML proteins are considered as the complex protein hyperspace expressed in many oral bacterial pathogens and encompass many hypothetical and experimentally evidenced proteins that can efficiently assist in the initiation and progression of various oro-dental infections. With the propensity of multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation, unravelling the mysterious functions associated with the oral ML proteins could be essential in targeting the vital oral bacteria and their associated infections. This commentary thus throws insights onto the key clues on various ML proteins that can be considered for the development of therapeutic versatility to curtail the complications caused by various oral bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Smiline Girija
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences [SIMATS], Chennai 600077, Tamilnadu, India.
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Amran AI, Lim SJ, Muhd Noor ND, Salleh AB, Oslan SN. Enolase in Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain SO: Sequential and structural insights of MgEno4581 as a putative virulence factor and host-fungal interactions through comprehensive in silico approaches. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:106025. [PMID: 36754101 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii is a rare opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes deadly invasive candidiasis in human. M. guilliermondii strain SO is a local yeast isolate that possesses huge industrial interests but also pathogenic towards zebrafish embryos. Enolases that bind to human extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are among the fungal virulence factors. To understand its pathogenicity mechanism down to molecular level, especially in the rare M. guilliermondii, this study aimed to identify and characterize the potentially virulence-associated enolase in M. guilliermondii strain SO using bioinformatics approaches. Profile Hidden-Markov model was implemented to identify enolase-related sequences in the fungal proteome. Sequence analysis deciphered only one (MgEno4581) out of nine sequences exhibited potent virulence traits observed similarly in the pathogenic Candida albicans. MgEno4581 structure that was predicted via SWISS-MODEL using C. albicans enolase (CaEno1; PDB ID: 7vrd) as the homology modeling template portrayed a highly identical motif with CaEno1 that facilitates ECM proteins binding. Amino acid substitutions (D234K, K235A, Y238H, K239D, G243K, V248C and Y254F) in ECM-binding motif of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enolase (ScEno) compared to MgEno4581 and CaEno1 caused changes in motif's surface charges. Protein-protein docking indicated F253 in ScEno only interacted hydrophobically with human plasminogen (HPG). Hydrogen linkages were observed for both MgEno4581 and CaEno1, suggesting a stronger interaction with HPG in the hydrophilic host microenvironments. Thus, our in silico characterizations on MgEno4581 provided new perspectives on its potential roles in candidiasis (fungal-host interactions) caused by M. guilliermondii, especially M. guilliermondii strain SO on zebrafish embryos that mimic the immunocompromised individuals as previously evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Iwani Amran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Haroun Díaz E, Martín-Pedraza L, Betancor D, Somoza ML, Blanca-López N, Vázquez de la Torre M, Luna L, Bartolomé B, Pastor-Vargas C, Cuesta-Herranz J, Ruano FJ. Selective Allergy to Whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis): Identification of Enolase as a New Major Allergen. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023; 33:45-47. [PMID: 35234640 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Haroun Díaz
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Martín-Pedraza
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Betancor
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Somoza
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Blanca-López
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Luna
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Pastor-Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cuesta-Herranz
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Ruano
- Allergy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Vadlamani S, Karmakar R, Kumar A, Rajala MS. Non-metabolic role of alpha- enolase in virus replication. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1677-1686. [PMID: 36402937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are extremely complex and highly evolving microorganisms; thus, it is difficult to analyse them in detail. The virion is believed to contain all the essential components required from its entry to the establishment of a successful infection in a susceptible host cell. Hence, the virion composition is the principal source for its transmissibility and immunogenicity. A virus is completely dependent on a host cell for its replication and progeny production. Occasionally, they recruit and package host proteins into mature virion. These incorporated host proteins are believed to play crucial roles in the subsequent infection, although the significance and the molecular mechanism regulated are poorly understood. One such host protein which is hijacked by several viruses is the glycolytic enzyme, Enolase (Eno-1) and is also packaged into mature virion of several viruses. This enzyme exhibits a highly flexible nature of functions, ranging from metabolic to several non-metabolic activities. All the glycolytic enzymes are known to be moonlighting proteins including enolase. The non-metabolic functions of this moonlighting protein are also highly diverse with respect to its cellular localization. Although very little is known about the virological significance of this enzyme, several of its non-metabolic functions have been observed to influence the virus replication cycle in infected cells. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive picture of the non-metabolic role of Eno-1, its significance in the virus replication cycle and to stimulate interest around its scope as a therapeutic target for treating viral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Vadlamani
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Karmakar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
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Xie Q, Xing H, Wen X, Liu B, Wei Y, Yu Y, Xie X, Song D, Shao G, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Identification of the multiple roles of enolase as an plasminogen receptor and adhesin in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105934. [PMID: 36481292 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent underlying porcine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease worldwide. The recruitment of plasminogen to the surface and subsequently promotion of plasmin conversion by the surface-located receptor, have been reported to assist the adhesion and invasion of Mycoplasmas. The surface localization and plasminogen-binding ability of M. hyopneumoniae enolase were previously confirmed; however, the biological functions were not be determined, especially the role as a plasminogen receptor. Here, using ELISA and SPR analyses, we confirmed the stable binding of M. hyopneumoniae enolase to plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner. The facilitation of the activation of plasminogen in the presence of tPA and direct activation of plasminogen at low efficiency without tPA addition by M. hyopneumoniae enolase were also determined using a plasmin-specific chromogenic substrate. Notably, the C-terminal and N-terminal regions located in M. hyopneumoniae enolase play an important role in plasminogen binding and activation. Additionally, we demonstrate that M. hyopneumoniae enolase can competitively inhibit the adherence of M. hyopneumoniae to PK15 cells. These results provide insight into the role of enolase in M. hyopneumoniae infection, a mechanism that manipulates the proteolytic system of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Huixuan Xing
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yanfei Yu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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13
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Huang Z, Yan Y, Wang T, Wang Z, Cai J, Cao X, Yang C, Zhang F, Wu G, Shen B. Identification of ENO1 as a prognostic biomarker and molecular target among ENOs in bladder cancer. Lab Invest 2022; 20:315. [PMID: 35836227 PMCID: PMC9281045 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Enolase is an essential enzyme in the process of glycolysis and has been implicated in cancer progression. Though dysregulation of ENOs has been reported in multiple cancers, their prognostic value and specific role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear. Methods Multiple databases were employed to examine the expression of ENOs in BLCA. The expression of ENO1 was also validated in BLCA cell lines and tissue samples by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier analysis, ROC curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to evaluate the predictive capability of the ENO1. Gene ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) analysis were employed to perform the biological processes enrichment. Function experiments were performed to explore the biological role of ENO1 in BLCA. The correlation of ENO1 with immune cell infiltration was explored by CIBERSORT. Results By analyzing three ENO isoforms in multiple databases, we identified that ENO1 was the only significantly upregulated gene in BLCA. High expression level of ENO1 was further confirmed in BLCA tissue samples. Aberrant ENO1 overexpression was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and unfavorable prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ENO1 depletion inhibited cancer cell aggressiveness. Furthermore, the expression level of ENO1 was correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and immune-related functions. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicated that ENO1 might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for prognosticating prognosis associated with the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting that ENO1 could be a potential immune-related target against BLCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03509-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeyi Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangqian Cao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Chenkai Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China. .,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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14
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Villalta D, Scala E, Deleonardi G, Busa M, Rivolta F, Boni E, Gabrielli G, Farioli L, Cappelletti C, Buzzulini F, Conte M, Pravettoni V, Asero R. A comprehensive molecular approach in fish allergy: Usefulness in daily clinical practice. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:104-108. [PMID: 35716706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diagnosis of fish may represent an important challenge for the allergists. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of an in vitro multiplex assay using a comprehensive panel of fish allergens and the cross-reactivity patterns between different molecular components. METHODS 56 subjects with fish allergy were enrolled. All patients underwent specific IgE measurement using the Allergy Explorer-Alex 2™ multiplex assay (Macroarray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) RESULTS: The single ß-parvalbumins Clu h 1, Cyp c 1, Gad m 1, Sal s 1, Sco s 1, Thu a 1 and Xyp g 1 scored positive in 75.0%, 67.8%, 62.5%, 80.3%,80.3%, 78.8% and 73,2% patients, respectively. 14.3% scored positive for the α-parvalbumin (Raj c-parvalbumin), and 16.1% for the aldolase + enolase (Gad m 2 + 3) components. 92.8% reacted to at least one ß-parvalbumin and 96.4% to at least one of the allergens tested. Overall sensitivity was higher than that obtained using commercial extracts of cod, salmon and tuna for skin prick test (75.8%) and IgE detection (92.3%). CONCLUSIONS The Alex 2 showed high diagnostic sensitivity and it might be used as an additional assay to investigate the cross-reactivity patterns between different molecular components, looking for potentially safe fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Villalta
- Immunologia e allergologia, Ospedale S, Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Enrico Scala
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Moira Busa
- UOS Dermatologia, Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
| | - Federica Rivolta
- UOC Medicina Generale Immunologia e Allergologia - IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Boni
- Allergologia e Immunologia, LUM AUSL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Gabrielli
- Scuola si specializzazione in Allergologia e Immunologia, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Farioli
- Dipartimento di Allergologia, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Buzzulini
- Immunologia e allergologia, Ospedale S, Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Pravettoni
- UOC Medicina Generale Immunologia e Allergologia - IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Portuondo Fuentes DL, Batista-Duharte A, Carvajal CC, de Oliveira CS, Borges JC, Téllez-Martínez D, Santana PA, Gauna A, Mercado L, Soleder BC, Inácio da Costa P, Quimbayo FG, Carlos IZ. A Sporothrix spp enolase derived multi-epitope vaccine confers protective response in BALB/c mice challenged with Sporothrix brasiliensis. Microb Pathog 2022; 166:105539. [PMID: 35447314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a cosmopolitan mycosis caused by pathogenic species of Sporothrix genus, that in Brazil is often acquired by zoonotic transmission involved infected cats with S. brasiliensis. Previous studies showed that the Sporothrix spp. recombinant enolase (rSsEno), a multifunctional protein with immunogenic properties, could be a promising target for vaccination against sporotrichosis in cats. Nevertheless, the considerable sequence identity (62%) of SsEno with its feline counterpart is a great concern. Here, we report the identification in silico, chemical synthesis and biological validation of six peptides of SsEno with low sequence identity to its cat orthologue. All synthesized peptides exhibit B-cell epitopes on the molecular surface of SsEno and proved to be highly reactive with the serum of infected mice with S. brasiliensis and sera of cats with sporotrichosis. Interestingly, our study revealed that anti-peptide sera did not react with the recombinant enolase from Felis catus (cats, rFcEno), thus, may not trigger autoimmune response in these felines if used as a vaccine antigen. The immunization with peptide mixture (PeptMix) formulated with Freund adjuvant (FA), induced high levels of antigen-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies that conferred protection upon passive transference in infected BALB/c mice with S. brasiliensis. We also observed, that the FA + PeptMix formulation induced a Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile ex vivo, associated with protecting effect against the experimental sporotrichosis. Our results suggest that the six SsEno-derived peptides here evaluated, could be used as safe antigens for the development of vaccine strategies against feline sporotrichosis, whether prophylactic or therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; GC01 Immunology and Allergy Group. Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC). Reina Sofía University Hospital, IMIBIC Building, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Constanza Cardenas Carvajal
- Nucleo Biotecnologıa Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Carlos S de Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Júlio César Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Damiana Téllez-Martínez
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Andrea Santana
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, el Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Adriana Gauna
- Nucleo Biotecnologıa Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Bruna Castilho Soleder
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Inácio da Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fanny Guzmán Quimbayo
- Nucleo Biotecnologıa Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Guerrero-Hernández J, Bobes RJ, García-Varela M, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Laclette JP. Identification and functional characterization of the siRNA pathway in Taenia crassiceps by silencing Enolase A. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106197. [PMID: 34688628 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene silencing procedure on cysticerci of the taeniid cestode Taenia crassiceps is described. This is the first time this technique is reported in this species that is widely used as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Genome database searches were performed in order to find out if relevant genes involved in gene silencing and non-coding RNA processing, Argonaute and Dicer (AGO and Dcr) are present in T. crassiceps. We found three AGO and two Dcr orthologues that were designed TcAGO1, Tc2 and Tc3, as well as TcDcr1 and TcDcr2. In order to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of T. crassiceps TcAGO and TcDcr genes, separate phylogenetic analyses were carried out for each, including AGO and Dcr orthologues of other 20 platyhelminthes. Our findings showed a close phylogenetic relationship of TcAGO and TcDcr with those previously described for Echinococcus spp. Our RT-PCR studies demonstrated expression of all TcAGO and TcDcr orthologues. Our results show that the gene silencing machinery in T. crassiceps is functionally active by inducing silencing of TcEnoA (∼90%). These results clearly show that gene silencing using siRNAs can be used as a molecular methodology to study gene function in taeniid cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Guerrero-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Biology Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States..
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México.
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17
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Santana PA, Álvarez CA, Sáenz-Martínez DE, Salinas-Parra N, Guzmán F, Paradela A, Mercado L. New insight to the rol of α- enolase (Eno-1) as immunological marker in rainbow trout fry. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 123:104163. [PMID: 34118278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
α-Enolase is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that has also been involved in vertebrate inflammatory processes through its interaction with plasminogen. However, its participation in the immune response of lower vertebrates during early life development is unknown. Opportunistic pathogens in salmon farming are the principal cause of mortality in the fry stage. For that reason, molecular indicators of their immunological status are required to ensure the success of the large-scale cultivation. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze if ENO-1 is involved in the immune response of rainbow trout fry. For this purpose, the coding sequence of trout ENO-1 was characterized, identifying the plasminogen-binding domain that has been described for homologs of this enzyme in higher vertebrates. A peptide-epitope of α-enolase was used for producing mice antiserum. The specificity of polyclonal antibodies was confirmed by dot blot, ELISA and Western blot. Then, the antiserum was used to evaluate α-enolase expression in fry between 152 and 264 degree-days post-hatching after 2, 8, and 12 h of challenge with lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomona auroginosa. The expression of α-enolase at both transcriptional (RT-qPCR) and protein (ELISA) levels was significantly increased after 8 h post-challenge with lipopolysaccharide. These results were confirmed by proteomic analysis by 2D-difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE). This work provides the first evidence of the involvement of α-enolase in the early immune response of salmonids. Future research will be required to understand the possible interaction of α-enolase with plasminogen in cells and tissues of the salmonid immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Santana
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, el Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Claudio A Álvarez
- Lab oratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Daniel E Sáenz-Martínez
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223,Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso/Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Salinas-Parra
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223,Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso/Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223,Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/ Darwin n°3 Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, España, Spain.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223,Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Biotecnológico de Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad #330, 2373223,Valparaíso, Chile.
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18
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Shams R, Banik NL, Haque A. Implications of enolase in the RANKL-mediated osteoclast activity following spinal cord injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:1453-1457. [PMID: 34539043 PMCID: PMC8445338 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.017659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord, resulting in loss of function, mobility, and sensation. Although increasingly prevalent in the US, no FDA-approved therapy exists due to the unfortunate complexity of the condition, and the difficulties of SCI may be furthered by the development of SCI-related complications, such as osteoporosis. SCI demonstrates two crucial stages for consideration: the primary stage and the secondary stage. While the primary stage is suggested to be immediate and irreversible, the secondary stage is proposed as a promising window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Enolase, a metabolic enzyme upregulated after SCI, performs non-glycolytic functions, promoting inflammatory events via extracellular degradative actions and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serves as a biomarker of functional damage to neurons following SCI, and the inhibition of NSE has been demonstrated to reduce signs of secondary injury of SCI and to ameliorate dysfunction. This Viewpoint article involves enolase activation in the regulation of RANK-RANKL pathway and summarizes succinctly the mechanisms influencing osteoclast-mediated resorption of bone in SCI. Our laboratory proposes that inhibition of enolase activation may reduce SCI-induced inflammatory response and decrease osteoclast activity, limiting the chances of skeletal tissue loss in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Shams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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19
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Liang P, Cui X, Fu R, Liang P, Lu G, Wang D. Identification of an enolase gene and its physiological role in Spirometra mansoni. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2095-2102. [PMID: 34031713 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enolase is a crucial enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway and gluconeogenesis in parasites. It also has been reported to function as a plasminogen receptor and may be involved in tissue invasion. In this study, the biochemical properties of the enolase of Spirometra mansoni (Smenolase) were investigated. The Smenolase gene was found to cluster closely with the enolase genes of Clonorchis sinensis and Echinococcus granulosus, and some functional motifs were identified as conserved. Smenolase was confirmed to be a component of the secretory/excretory products (ESPs) and a circulating antigen of spargana. Recombinant Smenolase expressed in vitro was able to bind to human plasminogen. Smenolase was detected in the eggs, testicles, and vitellaria of adult worms and the tegument of spargana. The transcription level of Smenolase was highest at the gravid proglottid stage. When spargana were cultured with glucose of different concentration in vitro, it was observed that the expression levels of Smenolase in the low-glucose groups were consistent with that of Smenolase in vivo. These results indicate that Smenolase is a critical enzyme involved in supplying energy to support the development and reproduction of the parasite, and it may also play a role in sparganum invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.,School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuji Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Ruijia Fu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.,School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Peng Liang
- School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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20
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Sakamoto T, Sasaki S, Yamaguchi N, Nakano M, Sato H, Iwabuchi K, Tabunoki H, Simpson RJ, Bono H. De novo transcriptome analysis for examination of the nutrition metabolic system related to the evolutionary process through which stick insects gain the ability of flight (Phasmatodea). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:182. [PMID: 33985569 PMCID: PMC8120901 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insects are the most evolutionarily successful groups of organisms, and this success is largely due to their flight ability. Interestingly, some stick insects have lost their flight ability despite having wings. To elucidate the shift from wingless to flying forms during insect evolution, we compared the nutritional metabolism system among flight-winged, flightless-winged, and flightless-wingless stick insect groups. Results Here, we report RNA sequencing of midgut transcriptome of Entoria okinawaensis, a prominent Japanese flightless-wingless stick insect, and the comparative analysis of its transcriptome in publicly available midgut transcriptomes obtained from seven stick insect species. A gene enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes, including those obtained from winged vs wingless and flight vs flightless genes comparisons, revealed that carbohydrate metabolic process-related genes were highly expressed in the winged stick insect group. We also found that the expression of the mitochondrial enolase superfamily member 1 transcript was significantly higher in the winged stick insect group than in the wingless stick insect group. Our findings could indicate that carbohydrate metabolic processes are related to the evolutionary process through which stick insects gain the ability of flight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05600-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Sakamoto
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunya Sasaki
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miho Nakano
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kikuo Iwabuchi
- Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tabunoki
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Science of Biological Production, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
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21
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Liu H, Lei S, Jia L, Xia X, Sun Y, Jiang H, Zhu R, Li S, Qu G, Gu J, Sun C, Feng X, Han W, Langford PR, Lei L. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 enolase interaction with host brain microvascular endothelial cells and RPSA-induced apoptosis lead to loss of BBB integrity. Vet Res 2021; 52:30. [PMID: 33618766 PMCID: PMC7898445 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Host proteins interacting with pathogens are receiving more attention as potential therapeutic targets in molecular medicine. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important cause of meningitis in both humans and pigs worldwide. SS2 Enolase (Eno) has previously been identified as a virulence factor with a role in altering blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, but the host cell membrane receptor of Eno and The mechanism(s) involved are unclear. This study identified that SS2 Eno binds to 40S ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) on the surface of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells leading to activation of intracellular p38/ERK-eIF4E signalling, which promotes intracellular expression of HSPD1 (heat-shock protein family D member 1), and initiation of host-cell apoptosis, and increased BBB permeability facilitating bacterial invasion. This study reveals novel functions for the host-interactional molecules RPSA and HSPD1 in BBB integrity, and provides insight for new therapeutic strategies in meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Lei
- School of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Li Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rining Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanggang Qu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Hemmadi V, Biswas M. Dramatic Changes in Oligomerization Property Caused by Single Residue Deletion in Staphylococcus aureus Enolase. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:125-39. [PMID: 33385272 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies were conducted to understand the role of C-terminal lysine residues in the catalytic activity, structural stability and oligomeric properties of Staphylococcus aureus enolase. Interestingly, the S. aureus enolase, in solution, shows its presence as a stable dimer as well as the catalytically active fragile octamer. Compared to the hexa-histidine tagged S. aureus enolase (rSaeno), the deletion mutant showed the negligible difference in Km, but approximately 20-25% reduction in maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) and 2% reduction in turnover number were observed. These kinetic parameters indicate that K-434Δ deletion mutation does not drastically compromise the enzyme efficiency. The secondary structure and the octameric conformation of both the rSaeno and the K-434Δ mutant are very much stable between pH ranging from 6 to 9, temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C and in the presence of divalent metal ions Mg2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+. Under these conditions, the recombinant enzyme and the mutant are also catalytically very active. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence (320-380 nm) and CD spectral (195-260 nm) analysis revealed that the secondary structure and the surface architecture of the proteins are not majorly altered by the mutation. But, a significant correlation was observed between the time-dependent decrease in the catalytic activity and the oligomeric stability of rSaeno and K-434Δ mutant. The C-terminal lysine residues in the inter-dimer groove aid in folding and oligomerization of S. aureus enolase.
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23
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Chen SM, Zou Z, Guo SY, Hou WT, Qiu XR, Zhang Y, Song LJ, Hu XY, Jiang YY, Shen H, An MM. Preventing Candida albicans from subverting host plasminogen for invasive infection treatment. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2417-2432. [PMID: 33115324 PMCID: PMC7646593 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1840927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of the majority healthy individuals. How C. albicans disseminates into the bloodstream and causes life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised patients remains unclear. Plasminogen system activation can degrade a variety of structural proteins in vivo and is involved in several homeostatic processes. Here, for the first time, we characterized that C. albicans could capture and “subvert” host plasminogen to invade host epithelial cell surface barriers through cell-wall localized Eno1 protein. We found that the “subverted” plasminogen system plays an important role in development of invasive infection caused by C. albicans in mice. Base on this finding, we discovered a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 12D9 targeting C. albicans Eno1, with high affinity to the 254FYKDGKYDL262 motif in α-helices 6, β-sheet 6 (H6S6) loop and direct blocking activity for C. albicans capture host plasminogen. mAb 12D9 could prevent C. albicans from invading human epithelial and endothelial cells, and displayed antifungal activity and synergistic effect with anidulafungin or fluconazole in proof-of-concept in vivo studies, suggesting that blocking the function of cell surface Eno1 was effective for controlling invasive infection caused by Candida spp. In summary, our study provides the evidence of C. albicans invading host by “subverting” plasminogen system, suggesting a potential novel treatment strategy for invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zui Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Tong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ran Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Mao An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hemmadi V, Biswas M. An overview of moonlighting proteins in Staphylococcus aureus infection. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:481-498. [PMID: 33048189 PMCID: PMC7551524 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for numerous instances of superficial, toxin-mediated, and invasive infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA), as well as vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) strains of S. aureus, poses a massive threat to human health. The tenacity of S. aureus to acquire resistance against numerous antibiotics in a very short duration makes the effort towards developing new antibiotics almost futile. S. aureus owes its destructive pathogenicity to the plethora of virulent factors it produces among which a majority of them are moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are the multifunctional proteins in which a single protein, with different oligomeric conformations, perform multiple independent functions in different cell compartments. Peculiarly, proteins involved in key ancestral functions and metabolic pathways typically exhibit moonlighting functions. Pathogens mainly employ those proteins as virulent factors which exhibit high structural conservation towards their host counterparts. Consequentially, the host immune system counteracts these invading bacterial virulent factors with minimal protective action. Additionally, many moonlighting proteins also play multiple roles in various stages of pathogenicity while augmenting the virulence of the bacterium. This has necessitated elaborative studies to be conducted on moonlighting proteins of S. aureus that can serve as drug targets. This review is a small effort towards understanding the role of various moonlighting proteins in the pathogenicity of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Hemmadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, BITS-Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Malabika Biswas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, BITS-Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India.
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25
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Xu CM, Luo YL, Li S, Li ZX, Jiang L, Zhang GX, Owusu L, Chen HL. Multifunctional neuron-specific enolase: its role in lung diseases. Biosci Rep. 2019;39. [PMID: 31642468 PMCID: PMC6859115 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), also known as gamma (γ) enolase or enolase-2 (Eno2), is a form of glycolytic enolase isozyme and is considered a multifunctional protein. NSE is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, especially in those of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) lineage such as pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, intestine and lung. In addition to its well-established glycolysis function in the cytoplasm, changes in cell localization and differential expression of NSE are also associated with several pathologies such as infection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. This article mainly discusses the role and diagnostic potential of NSE in some lung diseases.
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26
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Li Q, Lv Y, Li YA, Du Y, Guo W, Chu D, Wang X, Wang S, Shi H. Live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering a conserved surface protein enolase induces high and broad protection against Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 7, and 9 in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:6904-6913. [PMID: 32907758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major zoonotic pathogen in swine, can be classified into 35 serotypes. However, no universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis is available, though some studies have shown homologous protection. Hence, developing an effective universal vaccine to protect pigs against multiple S. suis serotypes is necessary, or at the very least, to protect pigs against diseases caused by the dominant pathogenic serotypes. Enolase, a highly conserved surface protein, is present in all of the described S. suis serotypes. rSC0016 is an improved recombinant attenuated S. Choleraesuis vaccine vector, combining a sopB mutation with regulated delayed systems, achieving an adequate balance between host safety and immunogenicity. In order to develop a universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis, a novel recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016 that carries a heterologous antigen enolase was developed in this study. According, it was found that the recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) exhibited better colonization compared to the vaccine control strain rSC0018(pYA3493). In addition, a mouse model immunized with the strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) elicited significant IgG antibody responses against both enolase and Salmonella antigens, while inducing good mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses against enolase. Finally, immunization with rSC0016(pS-Enolase) was shown to confer 100%, 80%, and 100% protection against the serotypes of SS2, SS7, and SS9, respectively, and significantly reduced histopathological lesions in mice. Overall, this study provides a promising universal vaccine candidate for use against the multiple serotypes of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yifan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA.
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China.
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Logeshwaran P, Krishnan K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Purification and characterization of a novel fenamiphos hydrolysing enzyme from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1. Chemosphere 2020; 252:126549. [PMID: 32229357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fenamiphos is a neurotoxic organophosphorus pesticide used widely to control pests of crops. Fenamiphos and its toxic oxidation products have been detected in surface and groundwaters. A novel enzyme capable of hydrolysing P-O-C bond of fenamiphos is purified from Microbacterium esteraromaticum MM1 total cellular protein using a combination of methods. The purified fenamiphos hydrolysing enzyme (FHE) was identified as enolase (phosphopyruvate hydratase), a housekeeping enzyme with molecular mass and pI value of 45 kDa and 4.5, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the FHE are 7 and 25 °C, respectively. We studied the influence of metal ions and inhibitors on the enzyme activity. The enzyme was strongly activated by Mg2+ whereas Hg2+ and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) inhibited the enzyme. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax for fenamiphos hydrolysis were estimated to be 584.15 ± 16.22 μM and 6.46 ± 0.13 μM min-1, respectively. The FHE was functionally active against its original substrate (2-phosphoglycerate) with Km value of 5.82 ± 1.42 μM and Vmax of 4.2 ± 0.1 μM min-1. This enzyme has great potential for its application in the detoxification of fenamiphos and its warfare homologs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the purification of fenamiphos hydrolysing enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRCCARE), ATC Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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Abstract
Fish allergy is one of the most common food allergies. The currently recommended treatment commonly consists of avoiding all fish species. Recent literature suggests that these recommendations are overprotective for the majority of fish-allergic patients. This review summarizes recent findings and provides practical information regarding management of fish allergy in the individual patient. After precise history taking supported by additional specific IgE measurements and/or skin prick tests, fish-allergic patients can generally be categorized into the following clinical clusters: (A) poly-sensitized patients reacting to all fish species due to their sensitization to the panallergen β-parvalbumin, (B) mono-sensitized patients with selective reactions to individual fish species only, and (C) oligo-sensitized patients reacting to several specific fish. A number of allergens including parvalbumin, enolase, and aldolase can be involved. Depending on the specific cluster the patient belongs to, oral food challenges for one or more fish species can be performed with the aim to provide safe alternatives for consumption. This way, several alternative fish species can be identified for mono- and oligo-sensitized patients that can safely be consumed. Notably, even poly-sensitized patients generally tolerate fish species low in β-parvalbumin such as tuna and mackerel, particularly when processed. Taken together, allergological evaluation of patients with a documented fish allergy should be strongly considered, as it will allow the majority of patients to safely reintroduce one or more fish species.
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Polcyn R, Capone M, Matzelle D, Hossain A, Chandran R, Banik NL, Haque A. Enolase inhibition alters metabolic hormones and inflammatory factors to promote neuroprotection in spinal cord injury. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104788. [PMID: 32650031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enolase inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy currently being investigated for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) as it reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, alters metabolic factors, and reduces gliosis in acute SCI. Herein, the role of enolase in SCI has been examined to better understand the effects of this enzyme on inflammation, metabolic hormones, glial cell activation, and neuroprotection under these shorter injury conditions. Immunohistochemical analyses of inflammatory markers vimentin, Cox-2, and caspase-1 indicated that enolase inhibition attenuated the elevated levels of inflammation seen following SCI. Iba1, GFAP, NFP, and CSPG staining indicated that enolase inhibition with prolonged administration of ENOblock reduced microglia/astrocyte activation and lead to enhanced neuroprotection in SCI. An analysis of metabolic hormones revealed that ENOblock treatment significantly upregulated plasma concentrations of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon, and insulin hormones as compared to vehicle-treated controls (Mann-Whitney, p ≤ 0.05). ENOblock did not have a significant effect on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide. Interestingly, ENOblock treatment inhibited chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), which is produced by activated glia and serves to block regrowth of axons across the lesion site following injury. An increased level of NeuN and MBP with reduced caspase-1 was detected in SCI tissues after ENOblock treatment, suggesting preservation of myelin and induction of neuroprotection. ENOblock also induced improved motor function in SCI rats, indicating a role for enolase in modulating inflammatory and metabolic factors in SCI with important implications for clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mollie Capone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Denise Matzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee St, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azim Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Naren L Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee St, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Li H, Huang Y, Wang J, Yu H, Zhao J, Wan Q, Qi X, Li H, Wang C, Pan B. Molecular and biochemical characterization of enolase from Dermanyssus gallinae. Gene 2020; 756:144911. [PMID: 32574756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enolase, a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme, is known to act as a plasminogen receptor in many species, involved in the pivotal processes such as motility, adhesion, invasion, growth, and differentiation of the parasites. Knowledge on the function of enolase from Dermanyssus gallinae is very limited. Here we report on the molecular cloning, enzymatic activity, tissue distribution and plasminogen binding activity of enolase from D. gallinae (DgENO). The full-length of cDNA was 1305 bp, specifying a peptide of 434 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that DgENO was highly conserved compared with a range of organisms, indicating the potentially similar functions in D. gallinae. A recombinant DgENO (rDgENO) protein was produced and characterized, it catalyzed the dehydration of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, the optimal pH was 7.5. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in mice and western blotting indicated that antiserum specifically recognized the native enolase in the somatic extracts from D. gallinae. Immunohistochemical staining of mite sections revealed that the distribution of DgENO was ubiquitous with high level in salivary gland, mite digestive tissues and fat bodies in D. gallinae. Expression level of DgENO was observed mostly in engorged adult mites. Moreover, ELISA binding assay showed that rDgENO could bind plasminogen, and lysine analog ε-aminocaproic acid significantly inhibited this binding activity, indicating that D. gallinae enolase is a receptor of plasminogen. The present study provided foundation for understanding of the biological functions of DgENO and its application in development of vaccines against D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - He Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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31
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Mu Y, Xin Y, Guo T, Kong J. Identification and characterization of a moonlighting protein- enolase for surface display in Streptococcus thermophilus. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:132. [PMID: 32552809 PMCID: PMC7301973 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus thermophilus is an important food starter and receiving more attention to serve as cell factories for production of high-valued metabolites. However, the low yields of intracellular or extracellular expression of biotechnological and biomedical proteins limit its practical applications. Results Here, an enolase EnoM was identified from S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179 with about 94% identities to the surface-located enolases from other Streptococcus spp. strains. The EnoM was used as an anchor to achieve surface display in S. thermophilus using GFP as a reporter. After respectively mixing the GFP-EnoM fusion protein or GFP with S. thermophilus cells in vitro, the relative fluorescence units (RFU) of the S. thermophilus cells with GFP-EnoM was 80-folds higher than that with purified GFP. The sharp decrease in the RFU of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreated cells compared to those of non-pretreated cells demonstrated that the membrane proteins were the binding ligand of EnoM. Furthermore, an engineered β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was also successfully displayed on the cell surface of S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179 and the relative activity of the immobilized β-Gal remained up to 64% after reused 8 times. Finally, we also demonstrated that EnoM could be used as an anchor for surface display in L. casei, L. bulgaricus, L. lactis and Leuconostoc lactis. Conclusion To our knowledge, EnoM from S. thermophilus was firstly identified as an anchor and successfully achieved surface display in LAB. The EnoM-based surface display system provided a novel strategy for the enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Li Q, Fu Y, Guo G, Wang Z, Zhang W. Identification of novel pig and human immunoglobulin G-binding proteins and characterization of the binding regions of enolase from Streptococcus suis serotype 2. AMB Express 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 32488558 PMCID: PMC7266926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major emerging pathogen in swine and humans, expresses immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding proteins (IBPs), which contribute to the ability of organism to evasion of host immune system. The objective of this study was to identify novel pig IgG (pIgG) and human IgG (hIgG)-binding proteins and characterize the binding regions of enolase from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2). Here, four pIgG-binding proteins (pIBPs) and five hIgG-binding proteins (hIBPs) were identified from S. suis 2 surface proteins by 2D-Far-western blot assays. All the newly captured proteins were expressed and further confirmed their binding activity to pIgG or hIgG by Far-western blot and dot blot. In addition to previously identified factor H, fibronectin, collagen, fibrinogen, plasminogen and laminin, we also found that both pIgG and hIgG can specifically interact with enolase. Binding assays indicated that interactions of S. suis 2 enolase with pIgG and hIgG is primarily mediated by the enolase C-terminal portion (Enolase-C, a.a. 142–432). We found that hIgG exhibited stronger binding ability to Enolase-C than pIgG. Further analysis of the C-terminal regions of enolase (Enolase-C1 and Enolase-C2) suggested that the C-terminus possessed two different binding domains with distinct host IgG proteins. Strikingly, we confirmed that pIgG interacted with the Enolase-C1 (a.a. 142–271) and hIgG interacted with the Enolase-C2 (a.a. 271–432). These observations of enolase provide interesting insights in the pathogenesis of S. suis infection.
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Santana-Rivera Y, Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Grafals-Ruíz N, Santiago-Sánchez G, Lozada-Delgado EL, Echevarría-Vargas IM, Apiz J, Soto D, Rosado A, Meléndez L, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejía PE. Reduced expression of enolase-1 correlates with high intracellular glucose levels and increased senescence in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1275-1292. [PMID: 32355541 PMCID: PMC7191177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite good responses to first-line treatment with platinum-based combination chemotherapy, most ovarian cancer patients will relapse and eventually develop a platinum-resistant disease with a poor overall prognosis. The molecular events leading to the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells are not fully understood. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis to identify protein candidates deregulated in a cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line (A2780CP20) in comparison to their sensitive counterpart (A2780). Forty-eight proteins were differentially abundant in A2780CP20, as compared with A2780, cells. Enolase-1 (ENO1) was significantly decreased in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Western blots and RT-PCR confirmed our findings. Ectopic ENO1 expression increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. In contrast, small-interfering (siRNA)-based ENO1 silencing in A2780 cells reduced the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin treatment. Whereas glucose consumption was lower, intracellular levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with their cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-Gal) levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells. β-Gal levels were decreased in ENO1 overexpressed clones. Protein levels of the cell cycle regulators and senescence markers p21 and p53 showed opposite expression patterns in cisplatin-resistant compared with cisplatin sensitive cells. Our studies suggest that decreased expression of ENO1 promotes glucose accumulation, induces senescence, and leads to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmarie Santana-Rivera
- Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Robert J Rabelo-Fernández
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Blanca I Quiñones-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Nilmary Grafals-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Ginette Santiago-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Eunice L Lozada-Delgado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Ileabett M Echevarría-Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Apiz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey CampusCayey 00736, Puerto Rico
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Andrea Rosado
- Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Pablo E Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
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Inoue T, Toji H, Tanaka M, Takama M, Hasegawa-Shiro S, Yamaki Y, Shintani T, Gomi K. Alternative transcription start sites of the enolase-encoding gene enoA are stringently used in glycolytic/gluconeogenic conditions in Aspergillus oryzae. Curr Genet 2020; 66:729-47. [PMID: 32072240 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression using alternative transcription start sites (TSSs) is an important transcriptional regulatory mechanism for environmental responses in eukaryotes. Here, we identify two alternative TSSs in the enolase-encoding gene (enoA) in Aspergillus oryzae, an industrially important filamentous fungus. TSS use in enoA is strictly dependent on the difference in glycolytic and gluconeogenic carbon sources. Transcription from the upstream TSS (uTSS) or downstream TSS (dTSS) predominantly occurs under gluconeogenic or glycolytic conditions, respectively. In addition to enoA, most glycolytic genes involved in reversible reactions possess alternative TSSs. The fbaA gene, which encodes fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, also shows stringent alternative TSS selection, similar to enoA. Alignment of promoter sequences of enolase-encoding genes in Aspergillus predicted two conserved regions that contain a putative cis-element required for enoA transcription from each TSS. However, uTSS-mediated transcription of the acuN gene, an enoA ortholog in Aspergillus nidulans, is not strictly dependent on carbon source, unlike enoA. Furthermore, enoA transcript levels in glycolytic conditions are higher than in gluconeogenic conditions. Conversely, acuN is more highly transcribed in gluconeogenic conditions. This suggests that the stringent usage of alternative TSSs and higher transcription in glycolytic conditions in enoA may reflect that the A. oryzae evolutionary genetic background was domesticated by exclusive growth in starch-rich environments. These findings provide novel insights into the complexity and diversity of transcriptional regulation of glycolytic/gluconeogenic genes among Aspergilli.
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Vidhya VM, Lakshmi BS, Ponnuraj K. In silico prediction of a new lead compound targeting enolase of trypanosomatids through structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic studies. J Mol Model 2020; 26:23. [PMID: 31912304 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enolase is one of the key glycolytic metalloenzyme in many organisms, and it is a potential therapeutic target including trypanosomatids. Sequence and structural analysis of enolase of Trypanosoma bruzi (TbENO), Trypanosoma cruzi (TcENO) and Leishmania donovani (LdENO) revealed conserved sequence pattern and structural features. Hence identification of an inhibitor against enolase of one trypanosomatid organism may have similar effects on enolase of homologous organisms belonging to same family. In the process to identify potent inhibitor compounds against TbENO by in silico methods, compounds containing the substructures of substrate, i.e. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the well-known inhibitors, fluoro-2-phosphono-acetohydroxamate (FPAH) and phosphono-acetohydroxamate (PAH), were collected. Virtual screening and induced fit docking studies were carried out to explore compounds that have better binding affinity than PEP and FPAH. PPPi was found to be the top hit exhibiting significant binding affinity towards enolase. Glide energy values of two other compounds represented by PubChem ID: 511392 and 101803456 was in good agreement with PEP and PAH. TbENO-PPPi complex was subjected to molecular orbital analysis and molecular dynamic studies by considering its remarkable binding affinity as it could be a potent inhibitor of enolase. Despite being an endogenous compound, based on the results of this study, we highlight PPPi to be a lead compound, and its structure can be treated as a model for further chemical modifications to obtain more potent antagonists.
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Valera-Vera EA, Sayé M, Reigada C, Miranda MR, Pereira CA. In silico repositioning of etidronate as a potential inhibitor of the Trypanosoma cruzi enolase. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 95:107506. [PMID: 31821935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate. In trypanosomatids, enolase was proposed as a key enzyme after in silico and in vivo analysis and it was validated as a protein essential for the survival of the parasite. Therefore, enolase constitutes an interesting enzyme target for the identification of drugs against Chagas disease. In this work, a combined virtual screening strategy was implemented, employing similarity virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics. First, two known enolase inhibitors and the enzyme substrates were used as queries for the similarity screening on the Sweetlead database using five different algorithms. Compounds retrieved in the top 10 of at least three search algorithms were selected for further analysis, resulting in six compounds of medical use (etidronate, pamidronate, fosfomycin, acetohydroxamate, triclofos, and aminohydroxybutyrate). Molecular docking simulations and pose re-scoring predicted that binding with acetohydroxamate and triclofos would be weak, while fosfomycin and aminohydroxybutyrate predicted binding is experimentally implausible. Docking poses obtained for etidronate, pamidronate, and PEP were used for molecular dynamics calculations to describe their mode of binding. From the obtained results, we propose etidronate as a potential TcENO inhibitor and describe molecular motifs to be taken into account in the repurposing or design of drugs targeting this enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Valera-Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Sayé
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chantal Reigada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana R Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio A Pereira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cao H, Zhou Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Ren D. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of developing maize seeds suggests a pivotal role for enolase in promoting starch synthesis. Plant Sci 2019; 289:110243. [PMID: 31623796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) seeds are the major source of starch all over the world and the excellent model for researching starch synthesis. Seed starch content is a typical quantitative phenotype and many reports revealed that the glycolytic enzymes are involved in regulating starch synthesis, however the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we present a comparative phosphoproteomic study of three maize inbred lines with different seed starch content. It reveals that abundances of 62 proteins and 63 phosphoproteins were regulated during maize seed development. Dynamics of 17 enzymes related to glycolysis and starch synthesis were used to construct a phosphorylation regulatory network of starch synthesis. It shows that starch synthesis and glycolysis in maize seeds utilize the same hexose phosphates pool coming from sorbitol and sucrose as carbon source, and phosphorylation of ZmENO1 are suggested to contribute to increase starch content, because it is positively related to seed starch content in different developmental stages and different lines, and the phosphor-mimic mutant (ZmENO1S43D) damaged its enzyme activity which is vital in glycolysis. Our results provide a new sight into regulatory process of seed starch synthesis and can be used in maize breeding for high starch content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yakarsonmez S, Danis O, Mutlu O, Topuzogullari M, Sariyer E, Yuce-Dursun B, Turgut-Balik D. Discovery and evaluation of inhibitory activity and mechanism of arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase by in vitro and molecular docking studies. Mol Divers 2020; 24:1149-64. [PMID: 31754915 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the inhibition potential of 3- and 4-arylcoumarin derivatives on Theileria annulata enolase (TaENO) was assessed for the first time in the literature. Firstly, protein stabilization analyses of TaENO were performed and it was found that the enzyme remains stable with the addition of 6 M ethylene glycol at + 4 °C. Inhibitor screening analyses were carried out using 25 coumarin derivatives on highly purified TaENO (> 95%), and four coumarin derivatives [4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C8); 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8 dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C9); 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2 one (C21); and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (C23)] showed the highest inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 10.450, 13.170, 8.871 and 10.863 µM, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that these compounds inhibited the enzyme by uncompetitive inhibition. In addition, the successful binding of the most potent inhibitor (C21) into TaENO was confirmed by using MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometry. Molecular docking analyses have predicted that C8 and C21 coumarin derivatives which showed high inhibitory effects on TaENO were interacted with high affinity to the potential regions out of the active site. Taken together, these coumarin derivatives (C8, C9, C21 and C23) are first known potent, nonsubstrate, uncompetitive inhibitors of TaENO and these results will facilitate further in vitro and in vivo analysis toward structure-based drug design studies.
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Barbarroja-Escudero J, Sánchez-González MJ, Bartolomé B, Pastor-Vargas C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Cuesta-Herranz J, Alvarez-Mon M. Actin as a Possible Cross-Reactive Allergen Between Fish and Poultry. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 29:152-154. [PMID: 31017119 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Barbarroja-Escudero
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - M J Sánchez-González
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - B Bartolomé
- Application Laboratory, R&D Department, Roxall Group, Bilbao, Spain
| | - C Pastor-Vargas
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - J Cuesta-Herranz
- RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alvarez-Mon
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune-Alergia, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Karkowska-Kuleta J, Satala D, Bochenska O, Rapala-Kozik M, Kozik A. Moonlighting proteins are variably exposed at the cell surfaces of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis under certain growth conditions. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:149. [PMID: 31269895 PMCID: PMC6609379 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptability to different environmental conditions is an essential characteristic of pathogenic microorganisms as it facilitates their invasion of host organisms. The most external component of pathogenic yeast-like fungi from the Candida genus is the multilayered cell wall. This structure is composed mainly of complex polysaccharides and proteins that can undergo dynamic changes to adapt to the environmental conditions of colonized niches. RESULTS We utilized cell surface shaving with trypsin and a shotgun proteomic approach to reveal the surface-exposed proteins of three important non-albicans Candida species-C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. These proteinaceous components were identified after the growth of the fungal cells in various culture media, including artificial saliva, artificial urine and vagina-simulative medium under aerobic conditions and anaerobically in rich YPD medium. Several known proteins involved in cell wall maintenance and fungal pathogenesis were identified at the cell surface as were a number of atypical cell wall components-pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc11), enolase (Eno1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Tdh3) which are so-called 'moonlighting' proteins. Notably, many of these proteins showed significant upregulation at the cell surface in growth media mimicking the conditions of infection compared to defined synthetic medium. CONCLUSIONS Moonlighting proteins are expressed under diverse conditions at the cell walls of the C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis fungal pathogens. This indicates a possible universal surface-associated role of these factors in the physiology of these fungi and in the pathology of the infections they cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Satala
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Oliwia Bochenska
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Pourseif MM, Yousefpour M, Aminianfar M, Moghaddam G, Nematollahi A. A multi-method and structure-based in silico vaccine designing against Echinococcus granulosus through investigating enolase protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 9:131-144. [PMID: 31508329 PMCID: PMC6726745 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2019.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Hydatid disease is a ubiquitous parasitic zoonotic disease, which causes different medical, economic and serious public health problems in some parts of the world. The causal organism is a multi-stage parasite named Echinococcus granulosus whose life cycle is dependent on two types of mammalian hosts viz definitive and intermediate hosts.
Methods: In this study, enolase, as a key functional enzyme in the metabolism of E. granulosus (EgEnolase), was targeted through a comprehensive in silico modeling analysis and designing a host-specific multi-epitope vaccine. Three-dimensional (3D) structure of enolase was modeled using MODELLER v9.18 software. The B-cell epitopes (BEs) were predicted based on the multi-method approach and via some authentic online predictors. ClusPro v2.0 server was used for docking-based T-helper epitope prediction. The 3D structure of the vaccine was modeled using the RaptorX server. The designed vaccine was evaluated for its immunogenicity, physicochemical properties, and allergenicity. The codon optimization of the vaccine sequence was performed based on the codon usage table of E. coli K12. Finally, the energy minimization and molecular docking were implemented for simulating the vaccine binding affinity to the TLR-2 and TLR-4 and the complex stability.
Results: The designed multi-epitope vaccine was found to induce anti-EgEnolase immunity which may have the potential to prevent the survival and proliferation of E. granulosus into the definitive host.
Conclusion: Based on the results, this step-by-step immunoinformatics approach could be considered as a rational platform for designing vaccines against such multi-stage parasites. Furthermore, it is proposed that this multi-epitope vaccine is served as a promising preventive anti-echinococcosis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mostafa Pourseif
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Yousefpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aminianfar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nematollahi
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary College, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Gruhlke MCH, Antelmann H, Bernhardt J, Kloubert V, Rink L, Slusarenko AJ. The human allicin-proteome: S-thioallylation of proteins by the garlic defence substance allicin and its biological effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:144-153. [PMID: 30500420 PMCID: PMC6342545 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A single clove of edible garlic (Allium sativum L.) of about 10 g produces up to 5 mg of allicin (diallylthiosulfinate), a thiol-reactive sulfur-containing defence substance that gives injured garlic tissue its characteristic smell. Allicin induces apoptosis or necrosis in a dose-dependent manner but biocompatible doses influence cellular metabolism and signalling cascades. Oxidation of protein thiols and depletion of the glutathione pool are thought to be responsible for allicin's physiological effects. Here, we studied the effect of allicin on post-translational thiol-modification in human Jurkat T-cells using shotgun LC-MS/MS analyses. We identified 332 proteins that were modified by S-thioallylation in the Jurkat cell proteome which causes a mass shift of 72 Da on cysteines. Many S-thioallylated proteins are highly abundant proteins, including cytoskeletal proteins tubulin, actin, cofilin, filamin and plastin-2, the heat shock chaperones HSP90 and HSPA4, the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH, ALDOA, PKM as well the protein translation factor EEF2. Allicin disrupted the actin cytoskeleton in murine L929 fibroblasts. Allicin stimulated the immune response by causing Zn2+ release from proteins and increasing the Zn2+-dependent IL-1-triggered production of IL-2 in murine EL-4 T-cells. Furthermore, allicin caused inhibition of enolase activity, an enzyme considered a cancer therapy target. In conclusion, our study revealed the widespread extent of S-thioallylation in the human Jurkat cell proteome and showed effects of allicin exposure on essential cellular functions of selected targets, many of which are targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C H Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 8, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Veronika Kloubert
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Dutta S, Tewari A, Balaji C, Verma R, Moitra A, Yadav M, Agrawal P, Sahal D, Jarori GK. Strain-transcending neutralization of malaria parasite by antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum enolase. Malar J 2018; 17:304. [PMID: 30126436 PMCID: PMC6102825 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium enolase is a target for the growth neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, the three invasive stages i.e. sporozoites, merozoites, and ookinetes express this protein on their cell surface. Polyclonal anti-Plasmodium falciparum enolase (Pfeno) antibodies disrupt traversal of ookinete through mosquito mid-gut wall as well as have inhibitory effect on parasite growth at erythrocytic stage. In a recent study, it was observed that immunization with a unique epitope of parasite enolase (EWGWS) could confer partial protection against mouse malaria. Further validation is needed for the protective potential of this unique epitope in otherwise highly conserved enolase. Methods In order to investigate the efficacy of growth inhibitory potential of the epitope of P falciparum enolase, a monoclonal antibody specific to EWGWS is generated. In vitro parasite growth inhibition assays and passive immunization of Plasmodium yoelii (or Plasmodium berghei) infected mice were used to assess the parasite growth neutralizing activity of the antibody. Results Screening a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant Pfeno that were specific to EWGWS resulted in isolation of H12E1. This antibody recognized only EWGWS epitope containing enolases. H12E1 strongly inhibited parasite growth in culture. This inhibition was strain transcending. Passive infusion of this antibody in P. yoelii or P. berghei infected mice showed significant reduction in parasitemia as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Surface Plasmon Resonance measurements indicated high affinity binding of H12E1 to P. falciparum enolase (KD ~ 7.6 × 10−9M). Conclusions A monoclonal antibody directed against EWGWS epitope of Pfeno was shown to inhibit the growth of blood stage malarial parasites. This inhibition was species/strain transcending and is likely to arise due to blockade of enolase on the surface of merozoites, functionally implicating Pfeno in invasion related events. Presence of enolase on the cell surface of merozoites and ookinetes could potentially result in inhibition of host cell invasions at erythrocytic and transmission stages in the parasite life cycle. It is suggested that antibodies against EWGWS epitope have the potential to confer dual stage, species and strain transcending protection against malaria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2455-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India.,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Aneesha Tewari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, USA
| | - Chinthapalli Balaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Reena Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Anasuya Moitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Mamta Yadav
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asif Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakhar Agrawal
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asif Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asif Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Gotam K Jarori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, India.
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Troncoso-Ponce MA, Rivoal J, Dorion S, Sánchez R, Venegas-Calerón M, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Baud S, Garcés R, Martínez-Force E. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cytosolic and plastidial enolases in relation to seed development. Plant Sci 2018; 272:117-130. [PMID: 29807582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) enolase (ENO, EC 4.2.1.11) proteins, which catalyze the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate, the penultimate intermediate in the glycolytic pathway. We cloned and characterized three cDNAs encoding different ENO isoforms from developing sunflower seeds. Studies using fluorescently tagged ENOs confirmed the predicted subcellular localization of ENO isoforms: HaENO1 in the plastid while HaENO2 and HaENO3 were found in the cytosol. The cDNAs were used to express the corresponding 6(His)-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and biochemically characterized. Recombinant HaENO1 and HaENO2, but not HaENO3 were shown to have enolase activity, in agreement with data obtained with the Arabidopsis homolog proteins. Site directed mutagenesis of several critical amino acids was used to attempt to recover enolase activity in recombinant HaENO3, resulting in very small increases that were not additive. A kinetic characterization of the two active isoforms showed that pH had similar effect on their velocity, that they had similar affinity for 2-phosphoglycerate, but that the kcat/Km of the plastidial enzyme was higher than that of the cytosolic isoform. Even though HaENO2 was always the most highly expressed transcript, the levels of expression of the three ENO genes were remarkably distinct in all the vegetative and reproductive tissues studied. This indicates that in seeds the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate takes place through the cytosolic and the plastidial pathways therefore both routes could contribute to the supply of carbon for lipid synthesis. The identity of the main source of carbon during the period of stored products synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Troncoso-Ponce
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain; Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Institute for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne cedex, France.
| | - J Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Dorion
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A J Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - R Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang X, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Molecular cloning of enolase from Trichinella spiralis and the protective immunity in mice. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:252-260. [PMID: 29654687 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spiralis, the main pathogen of trichinosis, infects a wide range of mammalian hosts and is one of the most widespread parasites worldwide. For parasites, glycolysis is the most important way to generate energy. Previous studies showed that some enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway play roles in regulation the host immunity. In this paper, enolase from T. spiralis was cloned and the protective potentials were studied. One hundred and sixty ICR mice were divided into four groups and vaccinated with recombinant enolase (pET-ENO), eukaryotic recombinant plasmid encoding enolase (pVAX1-ENO) and negative controls (pVAXl and PBS), respectively. Two weeks after the second immunization, each mouse was challenged orally with 200 muscle larvae (MLs) of T. spiralis. Results showed that mice vaccinated with pET-ENO and pVAX1-ENO induced specific antibodies of IgG, IgA, IgM, but no IgE. Subclasses of IgG antibodies showed that mice immunized with recombinant protein and recombinant plasmids induced a Th1/Th2 immune response. Concentrations of serum cytokines were detected and showed significant increase of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGFβ1, while IL-17 in each group was not significantly different. Flow cytometric analysis showed significant increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the groups immunized with recombinant protein and recombinant plasmids. Challenge infection demonstrated that immunized groups had a reduced number of worm burdens. The reductions of larvae per gram muscle (LPG) in pET-ENO and pVAX1-ENO group were 17.7% and 15.8% when compared with PBS control.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/blood
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytokines/immunology
- Female
- Larva/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Trichinella spiralis/enzymology
- Trichinella spiralis/genetics
- Trichinella spiralis/immunology
- Trichinellosis/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Ponce R, León-Janampa N, Gilman RH, Liendo R, Roncal E, Luis S, Quiñones-Garcia S, Silverstein Z, García HH, Gonzales A, Sheen P, Zimic M, Pajuelo MJ. A novel enolase from Taenia solium metacestodes and its evaluation as an immunodiagnostic antigen for porcine cysticercosis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 191:44-54. [PMID: 29885292 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a worldwide parasitic disease of humans and pigs principally caused by infection with the larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Through the use of the recently-made-available T. solium genome, we identified a gene within a novel 1448 bp ORF that theoretically encodes for a 433 amino acid-long protein and predicted to be an α-enolase closely related to enolases of other flatworms. Additional bioinformatic analyses revealed a putative plasminogen-binding region on this protein, suggesting a potential role for this protein in pathogenesis. On this basis, we isolated the mRNA encoding for this presumptive enolase from T. solium metacestodes and reverse-transcribed it into cDNA before subsequently cloning and expressing it in both E. coli (rEnoTs) and insect cells (rEnoTsBac), in a 6xHis tagged manner. The molecular weights of these two recombinant proteins were ∼48 and ∼50 kDa, respectively, with the differences likely attributable to differential glycosylation. We used spectrophotometric assays to confirm the enolase nature of rEnoTs as well as to measure its enzymatic activity. The resulting estimates of specific activity (60.000 U/mg) and Km (0.091 mM) are quite similar to the catalytic characteristics of enolases of other flatworms. rEnoTs also exhibited high immunogenicity, eliciting a strong polyclonal antibody response in immunized rabbits. We subsequently employed rEnoTsBac for use in an ELISA aimed at discriminating between healthy pigs and those infected with T. solium. This diagnostic assay exhibited a sensitivity of 88.4% (95% CI, 74.92%-96.11%) and a specificity of 83.7% (95% CI: 69.29%-93.19%). In conclusión, this study reports on and enzymatically characterizes a novel enolase from T. solium metacestode, and shows a potential use as an immunodiagnostic for porcine cysticercosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Computational Biology
- Confidence Intervals
- Cysticercosis/diagnosis
- Cysticercosis/veterinary
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/chemistry
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- ROC Curve
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Alignment
- Sf9 Cells
- Spectrophotometry/veterinary
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/diagnosis
- Swine Diseases/parasitology
- Taenia solium/classification
- Taenia solium/enzymology
- Taenia solium/genetics
- Taenia solium/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Ponce
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruddy Liendo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Elisa Roncal
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sueline Luis
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefany Quiñones-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Zach Silverstein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hector H García
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mónica J Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Ayón-Núñez DA, Fragoso G, Espitia C, García-Varela M, Soberón X, Rosas G, Laclette JP, Bobes RJ. Identification and characterization of Taenia solium enolase as a plasminogen-binding protein. Acta Trop 2018; 182:69-79. [PMID: 29466706 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The larval stage of Taenia solium (cysticerci) is the causal agent of human and swine cysticercosis. When ingested by the host, T. solium eggs are activated and hatch in the intestine, releasing oncospheres that migrate to various tissues and evolve into cysticerci. Plasminogen (Plg) receptor proteins have been reported to play a role in migration processes for several pathogens. This work is aimed to identify Plg-binding proteins in T. solium cysticerci and determine whether T. solium recombinant enolase (rTsEnoA) is capable of specifically binding and activating human Plg. To identify Plg-binding proteins, a 2D-SDS-PAGE ligand blotting was performed, and recognized spots were identified by MS/MS. Seven proteins from T. solium cysticerci were found capable of binding Plg: fascicilin-1, fasciclin-2, enolase, MAPK, annexin, actin, and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. To determine whether rTsEnoA binds human Plg, a ligand blotting was performed and the results were confirmed by ELISA both in the presence and absence of εACA, a competitive Plg inhibitor. Finally, rTsEnoA-bound Plg was activated to plasmin in the presence of tPA. To better understand the evolution of enolase isoforms in T. solium, a phylogenetic inference analysis including 75 enolase amino acid sequences was conducted. The origin of flatworm enolase isoforms, except for Eno4, is independent of their vertebrate counterparts. Therefore, herein we propose to designate tapeworm protein isoforms as A, B, C, and 4. In conclusion, recombinant enolase showed a strong plasminogen binding and activating activity in vitro. T. solium enolase could play a role in parasite invasion along with other plasminogen-binding proteins.
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Zakrzewicz D, Didiasova M, Krüger M, Giaimo BD, Borggrefe T, Mieth M, Hocke AC, Zakrzewicz A, Schaefer L, Preissner KT, Wygrecka M. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 mediates enolase-1 cell surface trafficking in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1816-1827. [PMID: 29501774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enolase-1-dependent cell surface proteolysis plays an important role in cell invasion. Although enolase-1 (Eno-1), a glycolytic enzyme, has been found on the surface of various cells, the mechanism responsible for its exteriorization remains elusive. Here, we investigated the involvement of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Eno-1 in its lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered trafficking to the cell surface. RESULTS We found that stimulation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells with LPS triggered the monomethylation of arginine 50 (R50me) within Eno-1. The Eno-1R50me was confirmed by its interaction with the tudor domain (TD) from TD-containing 3 (TDRD3) protein recognizing methylarginines. Substitution of R50 with lysine (R50K) reduced Eno-1 association with epithelial caveolar domains, thereby diminishing its exteriorization. Similar effects were observed when pharmacological inhibitors of arginine methyltransferases were applied. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was identified to be responsible for Eno-1 methylation. Overexpression of PRMT5 and caveolin-1 enhanced levels of membrane-bound extracellular Eno-1 and, conversely, pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 attenuated Eno-1 cell-surface localization. Importantly, Eno-1R50me was essential for cancer cell motility since the replacement of Eno-1 R50 by lysine or the suppression of PRMT 5 activity diminished Eno-1-triggered cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS LPS-triggered Eno-1R50me enhances Eno-1 cell surface levels and thus potentiates the invasive properties of cancer cells. Strategies to target Eno-1R50me may offer novel therapeutic approaches to attenuate tumor metastasis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maren Mieth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Zakrzewicz
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstrasse 10-12, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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49
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Zhang S, You Y, Luo X, Zheng Y, Cai X. Molecular and biochemical characterization of Taenia solium α- enolase. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:36-42. [PMID: 29657009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) acts as a multifunctional enzyme in many organisms, being involved in metabolism, transcription regulation and pathogenesis. In the current study, the recombinant α-enolase from Taenia solium (His-Tseno) was prepared and antiserum against His-Tseno was generated in rabbits. Consequently, we analyzed the enzymatic characteristics, plasminogen binding activity, tissue localization and expression patterns of Tseno. The study demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of His-Tseno was enhanced at pH around 7.0-7.5 and affected by addition of metal ions. Kinetic measurements using 2-phospho-d-glycerate (2-PGA) substrates gave a specific activity of 60.72 ± 0.84 U/mg and 1.1 mM of Km2-PGA value. Plasminogen binding assay showed that His-Tseno could bind to human plasminogen and generate plasmin activated by a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). In addition, the lysine analogue 6-aminocaproic acid (ε-ACA) could inhibit the binding of plasminogen to His-Tseno. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that Tseno was expressed 2.38 folds higher in the adult worms (p < 0.05) than in the cysticerci. Further, an immunolocalization assay indicated that native Tseno was mainly distributed in the tegument and eggs of gravid proglottis from adult T. solium. In conclusion, Tseno executes the innate glycolytic function to supply energy for the growth, egg production, and even invasion of T. solium.
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AHADY MT, HOGHOOGHI-RAD N, MADANI R, ESMAEILI RASTAGHI AR. Identification of Antigenic and Immunogenic Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii in Human and Sheep by Immunoproteomics. Iran J Parasitol 2018; 13:39-48. [PMID: 29963084 PMCID: PMC6019589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect humans and warm-blooded animals. This infection can lead to still birth and abortion among some susceptible hosts especially sheep and human in pregnancy. Development of a vaccine against T. gondii infection is very important-especially for use in immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and sheep. Different antigens of T. gondii can be potential candidates for immunization. The aims of this study were to identify the immunodominant and antigenic proteins of T. gondii in sheep and man. METHODS Tachyzoites' proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and subjected to western blot analysis probed with T. gondii positive sera of sheep and human (Biotechnology Department of Pasteur Institute of Tehran, Iran, from April 2016 to March 2017). Finally, the immunoreactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS and MS/MS) technique. RESULTS Five immunoreactive and antigenic proteins were recognized by Toxoplasma positive sera of human and sheep. These identified proteins were Enolase 2, rhoptry protein 4 (ROP4), dense granular protein 14 (GRA14), rhoptry protein 15 (ROP15) and rhoptry protein 9 (ROP9). CONCLUSION The identified immunodominant proteins have potential to be used as diagnostic antigens and as diagnostic markers of Toxoplasma infection in sheep and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi AHADY
- Dept. of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser HOGHOOGHI-RAD
- Dept. of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence
| | - Rasool MADANI
- Dept. of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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