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Gao W, Liu X, Gao X, Wu T, Wei S, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Li Y. Genome characteristics and the ODV proteome of a second distinct alphabaculovirus from Spodoptera litura. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:91. [PMID: 38253995 PMCID: PMC10804782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura is a harmful pest that feeds on more than 80 species of plants, and can be infected and killed by Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV). SpltNPV-C3 is a type C SpltNPV clone, that was observed and collected in Japan. Compared with type A or type B SpltNPVs, SpltNPV-C3 can cause the rapid mortality of S. litura larvae. METHODS In this study, occlusion bodies (OBs) and occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) of SpltNPV-C3 were purified, and OBs were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ODVs were observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS Both OBs and ODVs exhibit morphological characteristics typical of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs).The genome of SpltNPV-C3 was sequenced and analyzed; the total length was 148,634 bp (GenBank accession 780,426,which was submitted as SpltNPV-II), with a G + C content of 45%. A total of 149 predicted ORFs were found. A phylogenetic tree of 90 baculoviruses was constructed based on core baculovirus genes. LC‒MS/MS was used to analyze the proteins of SpltNPV-C3; 34 proteins were found in the purified ODVs, 15 of which were core proteins. The structure of the complexes formed by per os infectivity factors 1, 2, 3 and 4 (PIF-1, PIF-2, PIF-3 and PIF-4) was predicted with the help of the AlphaFold multimer tool and predicted conserved sequences in PIF-3. SpltNPV-C3 is a valuable species because of its virulence, and the analysis of its genome and proteins in this research will be beneficial for pest control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Yinü Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China.
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Li Y, Liu X, Tang P, Zhang H, Qin Q, Zhang Z. Genome sequence and organization of the Mythimna (formerly Pseudaletia) unipuncta granulovirus Hawaiian strain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:414. [PMID: 33432025 PMCID: PMC7801670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified occlusion bodies (OBs) of Mythimna (formerly Pseudaletia) unipuncta (the true armyworm) granulovirus Hawaiian strain (MyunGV-A) were observed, showing typical GV morphological characteristics under scanning and transmission electron microscopy (EM). The genome of MyunGV-A was completely sequenced and analysed. The genome is 176,677 bp in size, with a G+C content of 39.79%. It contains 183 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 50 or more amino acids with minimal overlap. Comparison of MyunGV-A with TnGV, XcGV, and HearGV genomes revealed extensive sequence similarity and collinearity, and the four genomes contain the same nine homologous regions (hrs) with conserved structures and locations. Three unique genes, 12 baculovirus repeated ORF (bro), 2 helicase, and 3 enhancin genes, were identified. In particular, two repeated genes (ORF39 and 49) are present in the genome, in reverse and complementarily orientations. Twenty-four OB proteins were identified from the putative protein database of MyunGV-A. In addition, MyunGV-A belongs to the Betabaculovirus group and is most closely related to TnGV (99% amino acid identity) according to a phylogenetic tree based on the combined amino acid sequences of 38 core gene contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qilian Qin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Masson T, Fabre ML, Ferrelli ML, Pidre ML, Romanowski V. Protein composition of the occlusion bodies of Epinotia aporema granulovirus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207735. [PMID: 30753194 PMCID: PMC6372164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Within family Baculoviridae, members of the Betabaculovirus genus are employed as biocontrol agents against lepidopteran pests, either alone or in combination with selected members of the Alphabaculovirus genus. Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) is a fast killing betabaculovirus that infects the bean shoot borer (E. aporema) and is a promising biopesticide. Because occlusion bodies (OBs) play a key role in baculovirus horizontal transmission, we investigated the composition of EpapGV OBs. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics we could identify 56 proteins that are included in the OBs during the final stages of larval infection. Our data provides experimental validation of several annotated hypothetical coding sequences. Proteogenomic mapping against genomic sequence detected a previously unannotated ac110-like core gene and a putative translation fusion product of ORFs epap48 and epap49. Comparative studies of the proteomes available for the family Baculoviridae highlight the conservation of core gene products as parts of the occluded virion. Two proteins specific for betabaculoviruses (Epap48 and Epap95) are incorporated into OBs. Moreover, quantification based on emPAI values showed that Epap95 is one of the most abundant components of EpapGV OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Masson
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Fabre
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Leticia Ferrelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Luis Pidre
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are essential components of cell communication pathways utilized from the embryonic to adult stages of life. These transmembrane receptors bind polypeptide ligands, such as growth factors, inducing signalling cascades that control cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation, motility and inflammation. Many viruses have acquired homologs of growth factors encoded by the hosts that they infect. Production of growth factors during infection allows viruses to exploit RTKs for entry and replication in cells, as well as for host and environmental dissemination. This review describes the genetic diversity amongst virus-derived growth factors and the mechanisms by which RTK exploitation enhances virus survival, then highlights how viral ligands can be used to further understanding of RTK signalling and function during embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabeen Lateef
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Lyn M Wise
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Protein composition analysis of polyhedra matrix of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) showed powerful capacity of polyhedra to encapsulate foreign proteins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8768. [PMID: 28821766 PMCID: PMC5562830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhedra can encapsulate other proteins and have potential applications as protein stabilizers. The extremely stable polyhedra matrix may provide a platform for future engineered micro-crystal devices. However, the protein composition of the polyhedra matrix remains largely unknown. In this study, the occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-removed BmNPV polyhedra matrix fraction was subjected to SDS-PAGE and then an LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis using a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive mass spectrometer. In total, 28 host and 91 viral proteins were identified. The host components were grouped into one of six categories, i.e., chaperones, ubiquitin and related proteins, host helicases, cytoskeleton-related proteins, RNA-binding proteins and others, according to their predicted Pfam domain(s). Most viral proteins may not be essential for polyhedra assembly, as evidenced by studies in the literature showing that polyhedra formation occurs in the nucleus upon the disruption of individual genes. The structural role of these proteins in baculovirus replication will be of significant interest in future studies. The immobilization of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) into the polyhedra by fusing with the C-terminus of BM134 that is encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 134 suggested that the polyhedra had a powerful capacity to trap foreign proteins, and BM134 was a potential carrier for incorporating proteins of interest into the polyhedra.
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Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus AC83 is a Per Os Infectivity Factor (PIF) Protein Required for Occlusion-Derived Virus (ODV) and Budded Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly as well as Assembly of the PIF Complex in ODV Envelopes. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02115-16. [PMID: 28031365 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02115-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus occlusion-derived virus (ODV) initiates infection of lepidopteran larval hosts by binding to the midgut epithelia, which is mediated by per os infectivity factors (PIFs). Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) encodes seven PIF proteins, of which PIF1 to PIF4 form a core complex in ODV envelopes to which PIF0 and PIF6 loosely associate. Deletion of any pif gene results in ODV being unable to bind or enter midgut cells. AC83 also associates with the PIF complex, and this study further analyzed its role in oral infectivity to determine if it is a PIF protein. It had been proposed that AC83 possesses a chitin binding domain that enables transit through the peritrophic matrix; however, no chitin binding activity has ever been demonstrated. AC83 has been reported to be found only in the ODV envelopes, but in contrast, the Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV AC83 homolog is associated with both ODV nucleocapsids and envelopes. In addition, unlike known pif genes, deletion of ac83 eliminates nucleocapsid formation. We propose a new model for AC83 function and show AC83 is associated with both ODV nucleocapsids and envelopes. We also further define the domain required for nucleocapsid assembly. The cysteine-rich region of AC83 is also shown not to be a chitin binding domain but a zinc finger domain required for the recruitment or assembly of the PIF complex to ODV envelopes. As such, AC83 has all the properties of a PIF protein and should be considered PIF8. In addition, pif7 (ac110) is reported as the 38th baculovirus core gene.IMPORTANCE ODV is essential for the per os infectivity of the baculovirus AcMNPV. To initiate infection, ODV binds to microvilli of lepidopteran midgut cells, a process which requires a group of seven virion envelope proteins called PIFs. In this study, we reexamined the function of AC83, a protein that copurifies with the ODV PIFs, to determine its role in the oral infection process. A zinc finger domain was identified and a new model for AC83 function was proposed. In contrast to previous studies, AC83 was found to be physically located in both the envelope and nucleocapsid of ODV. By deletion analysis, the AC83 domain required for nucleocapsid assembly was more finely delineated. We show that AC83 is required for PIF complex formation and conclude that it is a true per os infectivity factor and should be called PIF8.
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Bézier A, Harichaux G, Musset K, Labas V, Herniou EA. Qualitative proteomic analysis of Tipula oleracea nudivirus occlusion bodies. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:284-295. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Karine Musset
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- INRA, PRC UMR85-CNRS 7247-UFR-IFCE, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de masse, Plateforme d’Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules et de Phénomique des Animaux d’Intérêt Bio-agronomique (PAIB2), Nouzilly 37380, France
| | - Elisabeth A Herniou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), UMR 7261 CNRS Université François-Rabelais, Tours 37200, France
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Hou D, Chen X, Zhang LK. Proteomic Analysis of Mamestra Brassicae Nucleopolyhedrovirus Progeny Virions from Two Different Hosts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153365. [PMID: 27058368 PMCID: PMC4825930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MabrNPV) has a wide host range replication in more than one insect species. In this study, a sequenced MabrNPV strain, MabrNPV-CTa, was used to perform proteomic analysis of both BVs and ODVs derived from two infected hosts: Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. A total of 82 and 39 viral proteins were identified in ODVs and BVs, respectively. And totally, 23 and 76 host proteins were identified as virion-associated with ODVs and BVs, respectively. The host proteins incorporated into the virus particles were mainly involved in cytoskeleton, signaling, vesicle trafficking, chaperone and metabolic systems. Some host proteins, such as actin, cyclophilin A and heat shock protein 70 would be important for viral replication. Several host proteins involved in immune response were also identified in BV, and a C-type lectin protein was firstly found to be associated with BV and its family members have been demonstrated to be involved in entry process of other viruses. This study facilitated the annotation of baculovirus genome, and would help us to understand baculovirus virion structure. Furthermore, the identification of host proteins associated with virions produced in vivo would facilitate investigations on the involvement of intriguing host proteins in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianhai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Zhang X, Liang Z, Yin X, Shao X. Proteomic analysis of the occlusion-derived virus of Clostera anachoreta granulovirus. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2394-2404. [PMID: 25872743 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, proteomic studies have been performed on occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) from five members of the family Baculoviridae, genus Alphabaculovirus, but only a single member of the genus Betabaculovirus (Pieris rapae granulovirus). In this study, LC-MS/MS was used to analyse the ODV proteins of Clostera anachoreta granulovirus (ClanGV), another member of the genus Betabaculovirus. The results indicated that 73 proteins, including the products of 27 baculovirus core genes, were present in ClanGV ODVs. This is the largest number of ODV proteins identified in baculoviruses to date. To the best of our knowledge, 24 of these proteins were newly identified as ODV-associated proteins. Twelve of the proteins were shared by all seven of the other baculoviruses that have been analysed by proteomic techniques, including P49, PIF-2, ODV-EC43, P74, P6.9, P33, VP39, ODV-EC27, VP91, GP41, VLF-1 and VP1054. ClanGV shared between 20 and 36 ODV proteins with each of the other six baculoviruses that have been analysed by proteomics. Ten proteins were identified only as ODV components of ClanGV and PrGV: Clan22, Clan27, Clan69, Clan83, Clan84, Clan90, Clan116, Clan94, FGF-3 and ME53, the first seven of which were encoded by betabaculovirus-specific genes. These findings may provide novel insights into baculovirus structure as well as reveal similarities and differences between alphabaculoviruses and betabaculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Zhenpu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xinming Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Xinfeng Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
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Braconi CT, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Leme AFP, Oliveira JVDC, Pauletti BA, Garcia-Maruniak A, Ribeiro BM, Maruniak JE, Zanotto PMDA. Proteomic analyses of baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus budded and occluded virus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:980-989. [PMID: 24443474 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses infect insects, producing two distinct phenotypes during the viral life cycle: the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) for intra- and inter-host spread, respectively. Since the 1980s, several countries have been using Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) as a biological control agent against the velvet bean caterpillar, A. gemmatalis. The genome of AgMNPV isolate 2D (AgMNPV-2D) carries at least 152 potential genes, with 24 that possibly code for structural proteins. Proteomic studies have been carried out on a few baculoviruses, with six ODV and two BV proteomes completed so far. Moreover, there are limited data on virion proteins carried by AgMNPV-2D. Therefore, structural proteins of AgMNPV-2D were analysed by MALDI- quadrupole-TOF and liquid chromatography MS/MS. A total of 44 proteins were associated with the ODV and 33 with the BV of AgMNPV-2D. Although 38 structural proteins were already known, we found six new proteins in the ODV and seven new proteins carried by the AgMNPV-2D BV. Eleven cellular proteins that were found on several other enveloped viruses were also identified, which are possibly carried with the virion. These findings may provide novel insights into baculovirus biology and their host interaction. Moreover, our data may be helpful in subsequent applied studies aiming to improve AgMNPV use as a biopesticide and a biotechnology tool for gene expression or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Torres Braconi
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Franco Paes Leme
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Alves Pauletti
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory - LNBio - CNPEM, Campinas - SP, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - James E Maruniak
- Insect Virology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Dr., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute - ICB II, University of São Paulo - USP, Brazil
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Jo YH, Patnaik BB, Kang SW, Chae SH, Oh S, Kim DH, Noh MY, Seo GW, Jeong HC, Noh JY, Jeong JE, Hwang HJ, Ko K, Han YS, Lee YS. Analysis of the genome of a Korean isolate of the Pieris rapae granulovirus enabled by its separation from total host genomic DNA by pulse-field electrophoresis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84183. [PMID: 24391907 PMCID: PMC3877225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most traditional genome sequencing projects involving viruses include the culture and purification of the virus particles. However, purification of virions may yield insufficient material for traditional sequencing. The electrophoretic method described here provides a strategy whereby the genomic DNA of the Korean isolate of Pieris rapae granulovirus (PiraGV-K) could be recovered in sufficient amounts for sequencing by purifying it directly from total host DNA by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The total genomic DNA of infected P. rapae was embedded in agarose plugs, treated with restriction nuclease and methylase, and then PFGE was used to separate PiraGV-K DNA from the DNA of P. rapae, followed by mapping of fosmid clones of the purified viral DNA. The double-stranded circular genome of PiraGV-K was found to encode 120 open reading frames (ORFs), which covered 92% of the sequence. BLAST and ORF arrangement showed the presence of 78 homologs to other genes in the database. The mean overall amino acid identity of PiraGV-K ORFs was highest with the Chinese isolate of PiraGV (~99%), followed up with Choristoneura occidentalis ORFs at 58%. PiraGV-K ORFs were grouped, according to function, into 10 genes involved in transcription, 11 involved in replication, 25 structural protein genes, and 15 auxiliary genes. Genes for Chitinase (ORF 10) and cathepsin (ORF 11), involved in the liquefaction of the host, were found in the genome. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The recovery of PiraGV-K DNA genome by pulse-field electrophoretic separation from host genomic DNA had several advantages, compared with its isolation from particles harvested as virions or inclusions from the P. rapae host. We have sequenced and analyzed the 108,658 bp PiraGV-K genome purified by the electrophoretic method. The method appears to be generally applicable to the analysis of genomes of large viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hun Jo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Won Kang
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | | | - Seunghan Oh
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Noh
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gi Won Seo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Heon Cheon Jeong
- Hampyeong County Insect Institute, Hampyeong County Agricultural Technology Center, Hampyeong, South Korea
| | - Ju Young Noh
- Hampyeong County Insect Institute, Hampyeong County Agricultural Technology Center, Hampyeong, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hee Ju Hwang
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
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Xiang X, Shen Y, Yang R, Chen L, Hu X, Wu X. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus BmP95 plays an essential role in budded virus production and nucleocapsid assembly. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1669-1679. [PMID: 23535571 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.050583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) BmP95 is a highly conserved gene that is found in all of the baculovirus genomes sequenced to date and is also found in nudiviruses. To investigate the role of BmP95 in virus infection in vitro, a BmP95 deletion virus (vBmP95-De) was generated by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. Fluorescence and light microscopy and titration analysis indicated that the BmP95 deletion bacmid led to a defect in production of infectious budded virus (BV). However, deletion of BmP95 did not affect viral DNA replication. Electron microscopy showed that masses of aberrant tubular structures were present in cells transfected with the BmP95 deletion bacmid, indicating that deletion of BmP95 affected assembly of the nucleocapsid. This defect could be rescued by insertion of full-length BmP95 into the polyhedrin locus of the BmP95-knockout bacmid but not the N-terminal domain of BmP95. Together, these results showed that full-length BmP95 is essential for BV production and is required for nucleocapsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Xiang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunwang Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Abstract
Pieris rapae granulovirus (PrGV) can infect and kill larvae of Pieris rapae, a worldwide and important pest of mustard family crops. The PrGV genome consists of 108,592 bp, is AT rich (66.8%), and is most structurally and organizationally similar to the Choristoneura occidentalis granulovirus genome. Of the predicted 120 open reading frames (ORFs), 32 genes specifically occurred in GVs, including four genes unique to PrGV (Pr9, Pr32, Pr53, and Pr117).
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14
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Comparative proteomics reveal fundamental structural and functional differences between the two progeny phenotypes of a baculovirus. J Virol 2012; 87:829-39. [PMID: 23115289 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02329-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication of lepidopteran baculoviruses is characterized by the production of two progeny phenotypes: the occlusion-derived virus (ODV), which establishes infection in midgut cells, and the budded virus (BV), which disseminates infection to different tissues within a susceptible host. To understand the structural, and hence functional, differences between BV and ODV, we employed multiple proteomic methods to reveal the protein compositions and posttranslational modifications of the two phenotypes of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus. In addition, Western blotting and quantitative mass spectrometry were used to identify the localization of proteins in the envelope or nucleocapsid fractions. Comparative protein portfolios of BV and ODV showing the distribution of 54 proteins, encompassing the 21 proteins shared by BV and ODV, the 12 BV-specific proteins, and the 21 ODV-specific proteins, were obtained. Among the 11 ODV-specific envelope proteins, 8 either are essential for or contribute to oral infection. Twenty-three phosphorylated and 6 N-glycosylated viral proteins were also identified. While the proteins that are shared by the two phenotypes appear to be important for nucleocapsid assembly and trafficking, the structural and functional differences between the two phenotypes are evidently characterized by the envelope proteins and posttranslational modifications. This comparative proteomics study provides new insight into how BV and ODV are formed and why they function differently.
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15
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Ferrelli ML, Salvador R, Biedma ME, Berretta MF, Haase S, Sciocco-Cap A, Ghiringhelli PD, Romanowski V. Genome of Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV), a polyorganotropic fast killing betabaculovirus with a novel thymidylate kinase gene. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:548. [PMID: 23051685 PMCID: PMC3496565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important pest of legume crops in South America. Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) is a baculovirus that causes a polyorganotropic infection in the host larva. Its high pathogenicity and host specificity make EpapGV an excellent candidate to be used as a biological control agent. RESULTS The genome of Epinotia aporema granulovirus (EpapGV) was sequenced and analyzed. Its circular double-stranded DNA genome is 119,082 bp in length and codes for 133 putative genes. It contains the 31 baculovirus core genes and a set of 19 genes that are GV exclusive. Seventeen ORFs were unique to EpapGV in comparison with other baculoviruses. Of these, 16 found no homologues in GenBank, and one encoded a thymidylate kinase. Analysis of nucleotide sequence repeats revealed the presence of 16 homologous regions (hrs) interspersed throughout the genome. Each hr was characterized by the presence of 1 to 3 clustered imperfect palindromes which are similar to previously described palindromes of tortricid-specific GVs. Also, one of the hrs (hr4) has flanking sequences suggestive of a putative non-hr ori. Interestingly, two more complex hrs were found in opposite loci, dividing the circular dsDNA genome in two halves. Gene synteny maps showed the great colinearity of sequenced GVs, being EpapGV the most dissimilar as it has a 20 kb-long gene block inversion. Phylogenetic study performed with 31 core genes of 58 baculoviral genomes suggests that EpapGV is the baculovirus isolate closest to the putative common ancestor of tortricid specific betabaculoviruses. CONCLUSIONS This study, along with previous characterization of EpapGV infection, is useful for the better understanding of the pathology caused by this virus and its potential utilization as a bioinsecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Leticia Ferrelli
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
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16
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Thumbi DK, Eveleigh RJM, Lucarotti CJ, Lapointe R, Graham RI, Pavlik L, Lauzon HAM, Arif BM. Complete sequence, analysis and organization of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Viruses 2011; 3:2301-27. [PMID: 22163346 PMCID: PMC3230853 DOI: 10.3390/v3112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus (OrleNPV) isolated from the whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma, Lymantridae: Lepidoptera) was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to other baculovirus genomes. The size of the OrleNPV genome was 156,179 base pairs (bp) and had a G+C content of 39%. The genome encoded 135 putative open reading frames (ORFs), which occupied 79% of the entire genome sequence. Three inhibitor of apoptosis (ORFs 16, 43 and 63), and five baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro-a through bro-e) were interspersed in the OrleNPV genome. In addition to six direct repeat (drs), a common feature shared among most baculoviruses, OrleNPV genome contained three homologous regions (hrs) that are located in the latter half of the genome. The presence of an F-protein homologue and the results from phylogenetic analyses placed OrleNPV in the genus Alphabaculovirus, group II. Overall, OrleNPV appears to be most closely related to group II alphabaculoviruses Ectropis obliqua (EcobNPV), Apocheima cinerarium (ApciNPV), Euproctis pseudoconspersa (EupsNPV), and Clanis bilineata (ClbiNPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Thumbi
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert J. M. Eveleigh
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Lucarotti
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-506-452-3538; Fax: +1-506-452-3538
| | - Renée Lapointe
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert I. Graham
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK; E-Mails:
| | - Lillian Pavlik
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Hilary A. M. Lauzon
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Basil M. Arif
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
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