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Waldron RT, Lugea A, Chang HH, Su HY, Quiros C, Lewis MS, Che M, Ramanujan VK, Rozengurt E, Eibl G, Pandol SJ. Upregulated Matrisomal Proteins and Extracellular Matrix Mechanosignaling Underlie Obesity-Associated Promotion of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1593. [PMID: 38672675 PMCID: PMC11048773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mice expressing KRasG12D in the pancreas (KC mice), but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed multiplex quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and further bioinformatic and spatial analysis of pancreas tissues from control-fed versus DIO KC mice after 3, 6, and 9 months. Normal pancreatic parenchyma and associated proteins were steadily eliminated and the novel proteins, phosphoproteins, and signaling pathways associated with PDAC tumorigenesis increased until 6 months, when most males exhibited cancer, but females did not. Differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins induced by DIO revealed the crucial functional role of matrisomal proteins, which implies the roles of upstream regulation by TGFβ, extracellular matrix-receptor signaling to downstream PI3K-Akt-mTOR-, MAPK-, and Yap/Taz activation, and crucial effects in the tumor microenvironment such as metabolic alterations and signaling crosstalk between immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor cells. Staining tissues from KC mice localized the expression of several prognostic PDAC biomarkers and elucidated tumorigenic features, such as robust macrophage infiltration, acinar-ductal metaplasia, mucinous PanIN, distinct nonmucinous atypical flat lesions (AFLs) surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs, invasive tumors with epithelial-mesenchymal transition arising close to AFLs, and expanding deserted areas by 9 months. We next used Nanostring GeoMX to characterize the early spatial distribution of specific immune cell subtypes in distinct normal, stromal, and PanIN areas. Taken together, these data richly contextualize DIO promotion of Kras-driven PDAC tumorigenesis and provide many novel insights into the signaling pathways and processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Waldron
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Su
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Crystal Quiros
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health System, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA;
| | - Mingtian Che
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - V. Krishnan Ramanujan
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Salivary Biomarker Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis Patients Reveals Alterations in Human Proteins, Cytokines, Prostaglandin E2 Levels, and Bacterial Diversity. Pancreas 2022; 51:723-732. [PMID: 36395395 PMCID: PMC9681020 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic fibroinflammatory condition of the pancreas difficult to diagnose in early stages. Novel biomarkers useful to facilitate early diagnosis or treatment responses may be found in biofluids. Although saliva can be easily and noninvasively collected from patients, useful salivary biomarkers from CP patients have not yet been identified. METHODS Here, we analyzed the proteome by quantitative proteomics, cytokine/chemokine levels by Luminex analysis, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels by a mass spectrometry-based assay, and bacterial species diversity by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing in saliva samples from confirmed CP patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Our results indicate the presence of various differentially expressed proteins, cytokines/chemokines, and a loss of oral bacterial diversity in the saliva of CP patients. The PGE2 levels trend toward elevation in CP patients. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve models for proteomic, cytokine, and PGE2 assays ranged from 0.59 to 0.90. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies identify a range of putative CP biomarkers and alterations in human saliva requiring further validation. The biomarker discovery approaches we used might lead to identification of biomarkers useful for CP diagnosis and monitoring.
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Cruz-Monserrate Z, Gumpper K, Pita V, Hart PA, Forsmark C, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Waldron RT, Pandol S, Steen H, Anani V, Kanwar N, Vege SS, Appana S, Li L, Serrano J, Rinaudo JAS, Topazian M, Conwell DL. Biomarkers of Chronic Pancreatitis: A systematic literature review. Pancreatology 2021; 21:323-333. [PMID: 33558189 PMCID: PMC7969447 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) does not have diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. CP is the end stage of a progressive inflammatory syndrome that is diagnosed at late stages by morphologic features. To diagnose earlier stages of the disease, a new mechanistic definition was established based on identifying underlying pathogenic processes and biomarker evidence of disease activity and stage. Although multiple risk factors are known, the corresponding biomarkers needed to make a highly accurate diagnosis of earlier disease stages have not been established. The goal of this study is to systematically analyze the literature to identify the most likely candidates for development into biomarkers of CP. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of candidate analytes from easily accessible biological fluids and identified 67 studies that compared CP to nonpancreatic-disease controls. We then ranked candidate biomarkers for sensitivity and specificity by area under the receiver operator curves (AUROCs). RESULTS Five biomarkers had a large effect size (an AUROC > 0.96), whereas 30 biomarkers had a moderate effect size (an AUROC between 0.96 and 0.83) for distinguishing CP cases from controls or other diseases. However, the studies reviewed had marked variability in design, enrollment criteria, and biospecimen sample handling and collection. CONCLUSIONS Several biomarkers have the potential for evaluation in prospective cohort studies and should be correlated with risk factors, clinical features, imaging studies and outcomes. The Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreas Cancer provides recommendations for avoiding design biases and heterogeneity in sample collection and handling in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristyn Gumpper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Valentina Pita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Departments of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Savi Appana
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Liang Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jo Ann S. Rinaudo
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Darwin L. Conwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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4
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Fisher WE, Cruz-Monserrate Z, McElhany AL, Lesinski GB, Hart PA, Ghos R, Van Bure G, Fishman DS, Rinaudo JAS, Serrano J, Srivastava S, Mace T, Topazian M, Feng Z, Yadav D, Pandol SJ, Hughes SJ, Liu RY, Lu E, Orr R, Whitcomb DC, Abouhamze AS, Steen H, Sellers ZM, Troendle DM, Uc A, Lowe ME, Conwell DL. Standard Operating Procedures for Biospecimen Collection, Processing, and Storage: From the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2019; 47:1213-1221. [PMID: 30325860 PMCID: PMC6197069 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-quality and well-annotated biorepositories are needed to better understand the pathophysiology and biologic mechanisms of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its consequences. We report a methodology for the development of a robust standard operating procedure (SOP) for a biorepository based on the experience of the clinical centers within the consortium to study Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes and Pancreas Cancer Clinical Centers (CPDPC), supported by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases as a unique multidisciplinary model to study CP, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer in both children and adults. Standard operating procedures from the CPDPC centers were evaluated and consolidated. The literature was reviewed for standard biorepository operating procedures that facilitated downstream molecular analysis. The existing literature on biobanking practices was harmonized with the SOPs from the clinical centers to produce a biorepository for pancreatic research. This article reports the methods and basic principles behind the creation of SOPs to develop a biorepository for the CPDPC. These will serve as a guide for investigators developing biorepositories in pancreas research. Rigorous and meticulous adherence to standardized biospecimen collection will facilitate investigations to better understand the pathophysiology and biologic mechanisms of CP, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Fisher
- The Elkins Pancreas Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy L. McElhany
- The Elkins Pancreas Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ria Ghos
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George Van Bure
- The Elkins Pancreas Center, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jo Ann S. Rinaudo
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD
| | - Jose Serrano
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD
| | - Thomas Mace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Mark Topazian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven J. Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robert Y. Liu
- Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Emily Lu
- Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Orr
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Specimen Storage Facility, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amer S. Abouhamze
- Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Hanno Steen
- Departments of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zachary M. Sellers
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - David M. Troendle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX
| | - Aliye Uc
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mark E. Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Darwin L. Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Ethanol Induced Disordering of Pancreatic Acinar Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum: An ER Stress/Defective Unfolded Protein Response Model. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:479-497. [PMID: 29930975 PMCID: PMC6009017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heavy alcohol drinking is associated with pancreatitis, whereas moderate intake lowers the risk. Mice fed ethanol long term show no pancreas damage unless adaptive/protective responses mediating proteostasis are disrupted. Pancreatic acini synthesize digestive enzymes (largely serine hydrolases) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where perturbations (eg, alcohol consumption) activate adaptive unfolded protein responses orchestrated by spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Here, we examined ethanol-induced early structural changes in pancreatic ER proteins. METHODS Wild-type and Xbp1+/- mice were fed control and ethanol diets, then tissues were homogenized and fractionated. ER proteins were labeled with a cysteine-reactive probe, isotope-coded affinity tag to obtain a novel pancreatic redox ER proteome. Specific labeling of active serine hydrolases in ER with fluorophosphonate desthiobiotin also was characterized proteomically. Protein structural perturbation by redox changes was evaluated further in molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Ethanol feeding and Xbp1 genetic inhibition altered ER redox balance and destabilized key proteins. Proteomic data and molecular dynamic simulations of Carboxyl ester lipase (Cel), a unique serine hydrolase active within ER, showed an uncoupled disulfide bond involving Cel Cys266, Cel dimerization, ER retention, and complex formation in ethanol-fed, XBP1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Results documented in ethanol-fed mice lacking sufficient spliced XBP1 illustrate consequences of ER stress extended by preventing unfolded protein response from fully restoring pancreatic acinar cell proteostasis during ethanol-induced redox challenge. In this model, orderly protein folding and transport to the secretory pathway were disrupted, and abundant molecules including Cel with perturbed structures were retained in ER, promoting ER stress-related pancreas pathology.
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Key Words
- %-ox, percentage oxidized
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- Alcohol Pancreatitis
- Carboxyl Ester Lipase
- Cel, carboxyl ester lipase
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Disulfide Bond
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation
- FAEE, fatty acid ethyl esters
- FP, fluorophosphonate
- ICAT, isotope-coded affinity tags
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- MW, molecular weight
- RER, rough ER
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- Unfolded Protein Response
- WT, wild type
- sXBP1, spliced X box-binding protein 1
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Chronic Pancreatitis in the 21st Century - Research Challenges and Opportunities: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2016; 45:1365-1375. [PMID: 27748719 PMCID: PMC5117429 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its sequelae. This conference marked the 20th year anniversary of the discovery of the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene mutation for hereditary pancreatitis. The event was held on July 27, 2016, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology, (2) exocrine complications, (3) endocrine complications, and (4) pain. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Common themes included the need to design better tools to diagnose CP and its sequelae early and reliably, identify predisposing risk factors for disease progression, develop standardized protocols to distinguish type 3c diabetes mellitus from other types of diabetes, and design effective therapeutic strategies through novel cell culture technologies, animal models mimicking human disease, and pain management tools. Gene therapy and cystic fibrosis conductance regulator potentiators as possible treatments of CP were discussed. Importantly, the need for CP end points and intermediate targets for future drug trials was emphasized.
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7
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Abstract
In-gel digestion coupled with mass spectrometric analysis (GeLC-MS/MS) is a cornerstone for protein identification and characterization. Here I review this versatile approach which combines classical and modern biochemistry strategies and allows for targeted and proteome-wide analyses. Starting with any protein sample, reduced and alkylated proteins are precipitated prior to fractionation by SDS-PAGE. Proteins are in-gel digested and the resulting peptides are extracted and desalted for downstream LC-MS/MS analysis. GeLC-MS/MS leverages the advantages of both traditional SDS-PAGE visualization and protein fractionation with the robust protein and post-translational modification identification and quantitation capabilities of state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based technology. As such, this strategy allows for the visible assessment of protein amount and quality, prior to analysis via virtually any mass spectrometry platform. Moreover, gel extracted peptides may be derived from any sample type—e.g., from cell culture, tissue, body fluid, or recombinantly-expressed protein—and are fully compatible with isobaric tagging. GeLC-MS/MS is an invaluable technique for proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Advances in Biomedical Imaging, Bioengineering, and Related Technologies for the Development of Biomarkers of Pancreatic Disease: Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Workshop. Pancreas 2015; 44:1185-94. [PMID: 26465948 PMCID: PMC4608388 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering focused on research gaps and opportunities in the development of new biomarkers of pancreatic disease. The session was held on July 22, 2015, and structured into 6 sessions: 1) Introduction and Overview; 2) Keynote Address; 3) New Approaches to the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis; 4) Biomarkers of Pain and Inflammation; 5) New Approaches to the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer; and 6) Shed Exosomes, Shed Cells, and Shed Proteins. Recent advances in the fields of pancreatic imaging, functional markers of pancreatic disease, proteomics, molecular and cellular imaging, and detection of circulating cancer cells and exosomes were reviewed. Knowledge gaps and research needs were highlighted. The development of new methods for the noninvasive determination of pancreatic pathology; the use of cellular markers of pancreatic function, inflammation, pain, and malignancy; and the refinement of methods to identify cells and cellular constituents of pancreatic cancer were discussed. The further refinement of sophisticated technical methods and the need for clinical studies to validate these new approaches in large-scale studies of patients at risk for the development of pancreatic disease were repeatedly emphasized.
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9
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Paulo JA, Gaun A, Gygi SP. Global Analysis of Protein Expression and Phosphorylation Levels in Nicotine-Treated Pancreatic Stellate Cells. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4246-56. [PMID: 26265067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor in pancreatic disease; however, the biochemical mechanisms correlating smoking with pancreatic dysfunction remain poorly understood. Strategies using multiplexed isobaric tag-based mass spectrometry facilitate the study of drug-induced perturbations on biological systems. Here, we present the first large-scale analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in pancreatic stellate cells following treatment with two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands: nicotine and α-bungarotoxin. We treated cells with nicotine or α-bungarotoxin for 12 h in triplicate and compared alterations in protein expression and phosphorylation levels to mock-treated cells using a tandem mass tag (TMT9plex)-based approach. Over 8100 proteins were quantified across all nine samples, of which 46 were altered in abundance upon treatment with nicotine. Proteins with increased abundance included those associated with neurons, defense mechanisms, indicators of pancreatic disease, and lysosomal proteins. In addition, we measured differences for ∼16 000 phosphorylation sites across all nine samples using a titanium dioxide-based strategy, of which 132 sites were altered with nicotine and 451 with α-bungarotoxin treatment. Many altered phosphorylation sites were involved in nuclear function and transcriptional events. This study supports the development of future targeted investigations to establish a better understanding for the role of nicotine and associated receptors in pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aleksandr Gaun
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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10
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Paulo JA, McAllister FE, Everley RA, Beausoleil SA, Banks AS, Gygi SP. Effects of MEK inhibitors GSK1120212 and PD0325901 in vivo using 10-plex quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics. Proteomics 2014; 15:462-73. [PMID: 25195567 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed isobaric tag based quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics strategies can comprehensively analyze drug treatments effects on biological systems. Given the role of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) signaling in cancer and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent diseases, we sought to determine if this pathway could be inhibited safely by examining the downstream molecular consequences. We used a series of tandem mass tag 10-plex experiments to analyze the effect of two MEK inhibitors (GSK1120212 and PD0325901) on three tissues (kidney, liver, and pancreas) from nine mice. We quantified ∼ 6000 proteins in each tissue, but significant protein-level alterations were minimal with inhibitor treatment. Of particular interest was kidney tissue, as edema is an adverse effect of these inhibitors. From kidney tissue, we enriched phosphopeptides using titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and quantified 10 562 phosphorylation events. Further analysis by phosphotyrosine peptide immunoprecipitation quantified an additional 592 phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation motif analysis revealed that the inhibitors decreased phosphorylation levels of proline-x-serine-proline (PxSP) and serine-proline (SP) sites, consistent with extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition. The MEK inhibitors had the greatest decrease on the phosphorylation of two proteins, Barttin and Slc12a3, which have roles in ion transport and fluid balance. Further studies will provide insight into the effect of these MEK inhibitors with respect to edema and other adverse events in mouse models and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Low HP, Tiwari A, Janjanam J, Qiu L, Chang CI, Strohsnitter WC, Norwitz ER, Tam SW, Evans JE, Green KM, Paulo JA, Lambe M, Hsieh CC. Screening preeclamptic cord plasma for proteins associated with decreased breast cancer susceptibility. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; 11:335-44. [PMID: 24296084 PMCID: PMC4357835 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, has been found to reduce the subsequent risk for breast cancer in female offspring. As this protective effect could be due to exposure to preeclampsia-specific proteins during intrauterine life, the proteomic profiles of umbilical cord blood plasma between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies were compared. Umbilical cord plasma samples, depleted of 14 abundant proteins, were subjected to proteomic analysis using the quantitative method of nanoACQUITY ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with elevated energy mode of acquisition(E) (NanoUPLC-MS(E)). Sixty-nine differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 15 and 6 proteins were only detected in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies, respectively. Additionally, expression of 8 proteins (gelsolin, complement C5, keratin type I cytoskeletal 10, pigment epithelium-derived factor, complement factor B, complement component C7, hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 and alpha-fetoprotein) were up-regulated in preeclampsia with a fold change of ≥2.0 when compared to normotensive pregnancies. The identification of alpha-fetoprotein in preeclamptic umbilical cord blood plasma supported the validity of this screen as alpha-fetoprotein has anti-estrogenic properties and has previously been linked to preeclampsia as well as a reduced breast cancer risk. The findings of this pilot study may provide new insights into the mechanistic link between preeclampsia and potentially reduced breast cancer susceptibility in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Pang Low
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chien-I Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Errol R Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sun W Tam
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - James E Evans
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Karin M Green
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mats Lambe
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chung-Cheng Hsieh
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Proteomics is an approach to looking at the identity, amount, proteolysis, compartmentalization, and posttranslational modification of a large number of proteins simultaneously in a cell or tissue. Recently, proteomics has begun to be applied to the study of pancreatitis to ascertain mechanisms of disease and search for biomarkers of disease. Most mechanistic work has been carried out in animal models of acute pancreatitis. In 8 studies, 97 proteins have been reported to increase, 55 to decrease, and 23 to undergo proteolysis. Proteins showing increases are most often related to stress, inflammation, or the cytoskeleton, whereas decreases are seen in digestive enzymes and proteins related to metabolism. Many protein changes however, are not consistent between studies and only the most recent studies are rigorous and quantitative. By contrast, biomarker studies have focused on pancreatic juice and plasma of humans with disease and often are directed at distinguishing chronic pancreatitis from cancer. Chronic pancreatitis has also been investigated in tissue sections of histological samples. In this review, the results of studies to date are described as well as coverage of the methods used and special issues that must be considered. Areas are pointed out that are worthy of future study.
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13
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Krishnamoorthy S, Liu Z, Hong A, Zhu R, Chen H, Li T, Zhou X, Gao X. A Novel Phosphopeptide Microarray Based Interactome Map in Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Phosphoprotein-GRB2 Cell Signaling Networks. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67634. [PMID: 23826330 PMCID: PMC3694890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The architecture of cellular proteins connected to form signaling pathways in response to internal and external cues is much more complex than a group of simple protein-protein interactions. Post translational modifications on proteins (e.g., phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine residues on proteins) initiate many downstream signaling events leading to protein-protein interactions and subsequent activation of signaling cascades leading to cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell death. As evidenced by a rapidly expanding mass spectrometry database demonstrating protein phosphorylation at specific motifs, there is currently a large gap in understanding the functional significance of phosphoproteins with respect to their specific protein connections in the signaling cascades. A comprehensive map that interconnects phospho-motifs in pathways will enable identification of nodal protein interactions that are sensitive signatures indicating a disease phenotype from the physiological hemostasis and provide clues into control of disease. Using a novel phosphopeptide microarray technology, we have mapped endogenous tyrosine-phosphoproteome interaction networks in breast cancer cells mediated by signaling adaptor protein GRB2, which transduces cellular responses downstream of several RTKs through the Ras-ERK signaling cascade. We have identified several previously reported motif specific interactions and novel interactions. The peptide microarray data indicate that various phospho-motifs on a single protein are differentially regulated in various cell types and shows global downregulation of phosphoprotein interactions specifically in cells with metastatic potential. The study has revealed novel phosphoprotein mediated signaling networks, which warrants further detailed analysis of the nodes of protein-protein interaction to uncover their biomarker or therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (XG)
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ailing Hong
- LC Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruijuan Zhu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haosi Chen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tongbin Li
- LC Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaolian Gao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SK); (XG)
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14
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Forsmark CE. Management of chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1282-91.e3. [PMID: 23622138 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of chronic pancreatitis have improved our care of patients with this disease. Although our therapies are imperfect and many patients remain symptomatic, appropriate medical care improves the quality of life in these patients. Proper management requires an accurate diagnosis, recognition of the modifiable causes of disease, assessment of symptoms and complications, treatment of these symptoms and complications utilizing a multidisciplinary team, and ongoing monitoring for the effect of therapy and the occurrence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Forsmark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0214, USA.
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15
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Post-translational modifications of pancreatic fluid proteins collected via the endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT). J Proteomics 2013; 92:216-27. [PMID: 23500127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by mass spectrometry-based proteomics may result in therapies to retard or modify disease progression. We aimed to identify differences in posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in pancreatic fluid proteins from individuals with chronic pancreatitis (n=9) and non-pancreatitis controls (n=9). METHODS We collected proteomic data from pancreatic fluid using mass spectrometry techniques. We performed database searches with emphasis on PTMs using ProteinPilot. We compared the frequency of specific PTMs in pancreatic fluid between cohorts and also to those identified in bile, gastroduodenal fluid, urine, and pancreatic duct and stellate cell lysates. RESULTS We identified 97 PTMs in endoscopically-collected pancreatic fluid, of which 11 were identified exclusively in one cohort and 9 others were significantly different in frequency between cohorts. Comparing pancreatic fluid with other specimens revealed differences in specific PTM frequencies, indicating that the identified PTMs were not merely artifacts of sample processing. CONCLUSIONS We determined PTMs of proteins extracted from pancreatic fluid which differed in frequency in chronic pancreatitis patients verses controls. Such PTMs may serve as biomarker candidates of chronic pancreatitis upon validation with larger cohorts. The analysis of the PTM profile of pancreatic fluid proteins offers an alternative method to standard protein-based biomarker discovery. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The early diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is paramount in developing strategies to modify, retard, or halt disease progression. In the present study, we compared post-transitional modifications (PTMs) of proteins extracted from pancreatic fluid of chronic pancreatitis patients verses a control cohort. With many mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflows aimed to identify and quantify proteins, data for PTMs typically comes gratis, in that such data are collected during protein sequencing and, as such, require only downstream bioinformatics processing. We identified a total of 20 PTMs which were exclusive to or significantly different between cohorts. Upon validation with larger cohorts and enrichment of these PTMs may serve as biomarker candidates of chronic pancreatitis. PTM profiling of pancreatic fluid proteins is complementary to standard protein-based biomarker discovery, and may be readily applied to studies of pancreatic disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Paulo JA, Kadiyala V, Gaun A, Sauld JFK, Ghoulidi A, Banks PA, Steen H, Conwell DL. Analysis of endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT)-collected pancreatic fluid proteins precipitated via ultracentrifugation. JOP : JOURNAL OF THE PANCREAS 2013; 14:176-86. [PMID: 23474565 DOI: 10.6092/1590-8577/1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We have shown previously that trichloroacetic acid precipitation is an effective method of protein extraction from pancreatic fluid for downstream biomarker discovery, compared to other common extraction methods tested. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the utility of ultracentrifugation as an alternative method of protein extraction from pancreatic fluid. DESIGN Proteins extracted from trichloroacetic acid- and ultracentrifugation-precipitated pancreatic fluid were identified using mass spectrometry techniques (in-gel tryptic digestion followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GeLC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed using Proteome Discoverer and Scaffold 3. SETTING This is a proteomic analysis experiment of endoscopically collected fluid in an academic center. PATIENTS The study population included adult patients referred to the Center for Pancreatic Disease at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA for the evaluation of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. INTERVENTIONS Secretin-stimulated pancreatic fluid was collected as standard of care for the evaluation of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We compared proteins identified via standard trichloroacetic acid precipitation and this alternative ultracentrifugation strategy. RESULTS A subset of pancreatic fluid proteins was identified via the ultracentrifugation method. Of these proteins, similar numbers were obtained from fully tryptic or semi-tryptic database searching. Proteins identified in the ultracentrifugation-precipitated samples included previously identified biomarker candidates of chronic pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS This alternative ultracentrifugation strategy requires less time and fewer handling procedures than standard trichloroacetic acid precipitation, at the expense of higher sample volume. As such, this method is well suited for targeted assays (i.e., dot blotting or targeted mass spectrometry) if the protein of interest is among those readily identified by ultracentrifugation-promoted precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Kadiyala V, Lee LS, Banks PA, Suleiman S, Paulo JA, Wang W, Rosenblum J, Sainani NI, Mortele K, Conwell DL. Cigarette smoking impairs pancreatic duct cell bicarbonate secretion. JOP : JOURNAL OF THE PANCREAS 2013; 14:31-8. [PMID: 23306332 DOI: 10.6092/1590-8577/1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pancreatic duct cell function in smokers (current and past) and never smokers by measurement of secretin-stimulated peak bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]) in endoscopic collected pancreatic fluid (PF). METHODS This retrospective study was cross-sectional in design, recording demographic information (age, gender, etc.), smoking status (former, current, never), alcohol intake, clinical data (imaging, endoscopy), and laboratory results (peak PF [HCO3-]) from subjects evaluated for pancreatic disease at a tertiary pancreas center. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis (SAS Version 9.2, Cary, NC, USA) was performed to assess the relationship between cigarette smoking and secretin-stimulated pancreatic fluid bicarbonate concentration. RESULTS A total of 131 subjects underwent pancreatic fluid collection (endoscopic pancreatic function test, ePFT) for bicarbonate analysis: 25.2% (33 out of 131) past smokers, 31.3% (41 out of 131) current smokers, and 43.5% (57 out of 131) were never smokers. Measures of Association: The mean peak PF [HCO3-] in never smokers (81.3 ± 18.5 mEq/L) was statistically higher (indicating better duct cell function) when compared to past smokers (66.8 ± 24.7 mEq/L, P=0.005) and current smokers (70.0 ± 20.2 mEq/L, P=0.005). However, the mean peak [HCO3-] in past smokers was not statistically different from that in current smokers (P=0.575), and therefore, the two smoking groups were combined to form a single "smokers cohort". When compared to the never smokers, the smokers cohort was older (P=0.037) and had a greater proportion of subjects with definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (P=0.010), alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day (P=0.012), and abnormal peak PF [HCO3-] (P<0.001). Risk-Based Estimates: Cigarette smoking (risk ratio, RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5; P<0.001), diagnosis of definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (RR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6-3.2; P<0.001) and alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day (RR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4; P=0.033) were all associated with low mean peak PF [HCO3-] (indicating duct cell secretory dysfunction). Multivariate Analysis: Smoking (odds ratio, OR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-9.1; P=0.003) and definite chronic pancreatitis imaging (OR: 5.7, 95% CI: 2.2-14.8; P<0.001) were determined to be independent predictors of low peak PF [HCO3-], controlling for age, gender, and alcohol intake. Furthermore there was no interaction between smoking status and alcohol intake in predicting duct cell dysfunction (P=0.571). CONCLUSION Measurement of pancreatic fluid bicarbonate in smokers reveals that cigarette smoking (past and current) is an independent risk factor for pancreatic duct cell secretory dysfunction (low PF [HCO3-]). Furthermore, the risk of duct cell dysfunction in subjects who smoked was approximately twice the risk (RR: 2.2) in never smokers. Further in depth, translational research approaches to pancreatic fluid analysis may help unravel mechanisms of cigarette smoking induced pancreatic duct cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kadiyala
- Center for Pancreatic Disease, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Differentiating Branch Duct and Mixed IPMN in Endoscopically Collected Pancreatic Cyst Fluid via Cytokine Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:247309. [PMID: 23326260 PMCID: PMC3543798 DOI: 10.1155/2012/247309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Differentiating branch duct from mixed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN) is problematic, but clinically important as mixed IPMNs are managed surgically, while some BD-IPMN may be followed. Inflammatory mediator proteins (IMPs) have been implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory and malignant pancreatic diseases. Aim. To compare IMP profile of pancreatic cyst fluid collected endoscopically from BD-IPMN and mixed IPMN. Methods. Pancreatic cyst fluid from ten patients (5 BD-IPMN and 5 mixed IPMN) was collected by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Concentrations of 89 IMPs in these samples were determined using a multiplexed bead-based microarray protein assay and compared between BD-IPMN and mixed IPMN. Results. Eighty-six of 89 IMPs were detected in at least one of the 10 samples. Fourteen IMPs were detected only in mixed IPMN, while none were only in BD-IPMN. Of these, TGF-β1 was most prevalent, present in 3 of 5 mixed IPMNs. Seventy-two IMPs were detected in both BD-IPMN and mixed IPMNs. Of these, only G-CSF (P < 0.05) was present in higher concentrations in mixed IPMNs. Conclusion. TGF-β1 and G-CSF detected in endoscopically collected pancreatic cyst fluid are potential diagnostic biomarkers capable of distinguishing mixed IPMN from BD-IPMN.
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Zhou W, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. The spectra count label-free quantitation in cancer proteomics. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2012; 9:135-142. [PMID: 22593248 PMCID: PMC3761408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is used routinely for large-scale protein identification from complex biological mixtures. Recently, relative quantitation approach on the basis of spectra count has been applied in several cancer proteomic studies. In this review, we examine the mechanism of this technique and highlight several important parameters associated with its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd, MS 1A9, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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