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Mir Drikvand R, Sohrabi SM, Sohrabi SS, Samiei K. Molecular Identification and Characterization of Hevein Antimicrobial Peptide Genes in Two-Row and Six-Row Cultivars of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10695-8. [PMID: 38386212 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Heveins are one of the most important groups of plant antimicrobial peptides. So far, various roles in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses have reported for heveins. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the hevein genes in two-row and six-row cultivars of barley. In total, thirteen hevein genes were identified in the genome of two-row and six-row cultivars of barley. The identified heveins were identical in two-row and six-row cultivars of barley and showed a high similarity with heveins from other plant species. The hevein coding sequences produced open reading frames (ORFs) ranged from 342 to 1002 bp. Most of the identified hevein genes were intronless, and the others had only one intron. The hevein ORFs produced proteins ranged from 113 to 333 amino acids. Search for conserved functional domains showed CBD and LYZ domains in barley heveins. All barley heveins comprised extracellular signal peptides ranged from 19 to 35 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis divided barley heveins into two groups. The promoter analysis showed regulatory elements with different frequencies between two-row and six-row cultivars. These cis-acting elements included elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and environmental stresses. The expression analysis showed high expression level of heveins in root and reproductive organs of both two-row and six-row cultivars. The expression analysis also showed that barley heveins is induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The results of antimicrobial activity prediction showed the highest antimicrobial activity in CBD domain of barley heveins. The findings of the current study can improve our knowledge about the role of hevein genes in plant and can be used for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mir Drikvand
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Kamran Samiei
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Khorramabad, Iran
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Yang Y, Qin B, Chen Q, Nie Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu S. Construction of the first high-density SNP genetic map and identification of QTLs for the natural rubber content in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:13. [PMID: 36627555 PMCID: PMC9830913 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) is a promising commercial alternative natural rubber (NR) yielding plant. Cultivating TKS with a high NR content is an important breeding target, and developing molecular markers related to NR content can effectively accelerate the breeding process of TKS. RESULTS To construct a high-density SNP genetic map and uncover genomic regions related to the NR content in TKS, an F1 mapping population of TKS was constructed by crossing two parents (l66 and X51) with significant differences in NR contents. The NR content of the F1 plants ranged from 0.30 to 15.14% and was distributed normally with a coefficient of variation of 47.61%, indicating quantitative trait inheritance. Then, employing whole-genome resequencing (WGR), a TKS genetic linkage map of 12,680 bin markers comprising 322,439 SNPs was generated. Based on the genetic map and NR content of the F1 population, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for NR content with LOD > 4.0 were identified on LG01/Chr01 and LG06/Chr06. Of them, the 2.17 Mb genomic region between qHRC-C6-1 and qHRC-C6-2 on ChrA06, with 65.62% PVE in total, was the major QTL region. In addition, the six QTLs have significant additive genetic effects on NR content and could be used to develop markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in TKS with a high NR content. CONCLUSION This work constructed the first high-density TKS genetic map and identified the QTLs and genomic regions controlling the NR content, which provides useful information for fine mapping, map-based cloning, and MAS in TKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Yang
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 571101 Haikou, China
| | - Bi Qin
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 571101 Haikou, China
| | - Qiuhui Chen
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 571101 Haikou, China
| | - Qiuhai Nie
- Beijing Linglong Dandelion Technology and Development Ltd, 101102 Beijing, China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- grid.48166.3d0000 0000 9931 8406College of Materials and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- grid.48166.3d0000 0000 9931 8406College of Materials and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Shizhong Liu
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 571101 Haikou, China
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Dai L, Yang H, Zhao X, Wang L. Identification of cis conformation natural rubber and proteins in Ficus altissima Blume latex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:376-384. [PMID: 34404008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ficus altissima Blume, a horticultural plant in tropical and warm subtropical regions, can produce natural rubber with comparable molecular weight to the Hevea brasiliensis rubber. The F. altissima latex has an acidic pH (about 4.89). The rubber particle size distribution is a unimodal profile, and the peak frequency is at a size of 4.5 μm. The natural rubber of F. altissima was determined to be a cis conformation via 13C NMR. The Mp (molecular weight of the peak maxima) of the deproteinized F. altissima rubber was 9.34 × 105 Da. LC-MS was used to identify the proteins of rubber particles and serum. The most abundant protein of the creamy rubber particle layer is an acid phosphatase, while the most abundant proteins of serum were an (R)-mandelonitrilelyase and a polygalacturonase inhibitor. Pharmaceutical proteins (ficins) or enzymes related to the biosynthesis of natural medicines (a cannabidiolic acid synthase and two lupeol synthase) were identified in F. altissima latex. The data of this study may be helpful for research on the functions of latex in latex-borne plants and the biosynthesis mechanism of natural rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Xizhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan, PR China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan, PR China.
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Srisomboon S, Wadeesirisak K, Vaysse L, Sainte-Beuve J, Musigamart N, Liengprayoon S, Bonfils F, Rattanaporn K, Bottier C. Optimization of a protein extraction method from natural rubber sheets made of Hevea brasiliensis latex. J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-020-00069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Habib MAH, Ismail MN. Hevea brasiliensis latex proteomics: a review of analytical methods and the way forward. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:43-53. [PMID: 33108557 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber or latex from the Hevea brasiliensis is an important commodity in various economic sectors in today's modern society. Proteins have been detected in latex since the early twentieth century, and they are known to regulate various biological pathways within the H. brasiliensis trees such as the natural rubber biosynthesis, defence against pathogens, wound healing, and stress tolerance. However, the exact mechanisms of the pathways are still not clear. Proteomic analyses on latex have found various proteins and revealed how they fit into the mechanisms of the biological pathways. In the past three decades, there has been rapid latex protein identification due to the improvement of latex protein extraction methods, as well as the emergence of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). In this manuscript, we reviewed the methods of latex protein extraction that keeps on improving over the past three decades as well as the results of numerous latex protein identification and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Yuan B, Ding G, Ma J, Wang L, Yu L, Ruan X, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang X, Xie Q. Comparison of Morphological Characteristics and Determination of Different Patterns for Rubber Particles in Dandelion and Different Rubber Grass Varieties. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111561. [PMID: 33202722 PMCID: PMC7696596 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Russian dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is one promising alternative crop for natural rubber production. However, it is easily confused with other dandelions. In this study, we performed a systematical comparison of the morphological characteristics for different TKS varieties and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (TO). Our results demonstrated that several obvious differences in morphology can be found between TKS and TO. TO leaf is a pinnate shape, its margin is heavily jagged and its base is cuneate, but TKS leaf is more cuneate and its leaf margin is nearly smooth and round. There are obvious differences for the outer bracts of TO and TKS flower buds. TKS bracts are oblanceolate, apex obtuse, margin smooth and sinuate, and its outer layer of flower buds and faceplate involucre sepal is buckled inward to form a certain angle. TKS is self-incompatible, and its seeds are spindle-shaped achene and show upright plumpness. A large amount of laticifer cells and rubber particles can be detected from many TKS tissues, and dry roots of TKS contain high contents of natural rubber. Laticifer cells and rubber particles can only be examined in the vein, stem, and roots of TKS. Our statical results also revealed that the numbers of laticifer cells and rubber particles have a positive relationship with the rubber content in TKS roots. These morphological features can help us to easily distinguish TKS from common dandelion and approximately estimate the rubber content in the roots of different TKS varieties for TKS breeding in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guohua Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junjun Ma
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (B.Y.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (G.D.); (J.M.); (L.W.); (X.R.); (X.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Agricultural College, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Q.X.); Tel.: +86-898-65891065 (Q.X.)
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Dos Santos-Silva CA, Zupin L, Oliveira-Lima M, Vilela LMB, Bezerra-Neto JP, Ferreira-Neto JR, Ferreira JDC, de Oliveira-Silva RL, Pires CDJ, Aburjaile FF, de Oliveira MF, Kido EA, Crovella S, Benko-Iseppon AM. Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: State of the Art, In Silico Prediction and Perspectives in the Omics Era. Bioinform Biol Insights 2020; 14:1177932220952739. [PMID: 32952397 PMCID: PMC7476358 DOI: 10.1177/1177932220952739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Even before the perception or interaction with pathogens, plants rely on constitutively guardian molecules, often specific to tissue or stage, with further expression after contact with the pathogen. These guardians include small molecules as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), generally cysteine-rich, functioning to prevent pathogen establishment. Some of these AMPs are shared among eukaryotes (eg, defensins and cyclotides), others are plant specific (eg, snakins), while some are specific to certain plant families (such as heveins). When compared with other organisms, plants tend to present a higher amount of AMP isoforms due to gene duplications or polyploidy, an occurrence possibly also associated with the sessile habit of plants, which prevents them from evading biotic and environmental stresses. Therefore, plants arise as a rich resource for new AMPs. As these molecules are difficult to retrieve from databases using simple sequence alignments, a description of their characteristics and in silico (bioinformatics) approaches used to retrieve them is provided, considering resources and databases available. The possibilities and applications based on tools versus database approaches are considerable and have been so far underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Genetic Immunology laboratory, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marx Oliveira-Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Diogo Cavalcanti Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Pesqueira, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ederson Akio Kido
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Genetic Immunology laboratory, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Identification and Characterization of Glycoproteins and Their Responsive Patterns upon Ethylene Stimulation in the Rubber Latex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155282. [PMID: 32722428 PMCID: PMC7432319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber is an important industrial material, which is obtained from the only commercially cultivated rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. In rubber latex production, ethylene has been extensively used as a stimulant. Recent research showed that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of latex proteins, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation and ubiquitination, are crucial in natural rubber biosynthesis. In this study, comparative proteomics was performed to identify the glycosylated proteins in rubber latex treated with ethylene for different days. Combined with Pro-Q Glycoprotein gel staining and mass spectrometry techniques, we provided the first visual profiling of glycoproteomics of rubber latex and finally identified 144 glycosylated protein species, including 65 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) after treating with ethylene for three and/or five days. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation showed that these ethylene-responsive glycoproteins are mainly involved in cell parts, membrane components and metabolism. Pathway analysis demonstrated that these glycosylated rubber latex proteins are mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, degradation function and cellular processes in rubber latex metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that these DAPs are mainly centered on acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS) in the mevalonate pathway for natural rubber biosynthesis. In our glycoproteomics, three protein isoforms of HMGS2 were identified from rubber latex, and only one HMGS2 isoform was sharply increased in rubber latex by ethylene treatment for five days. Furthermore, the HbHMGS2 gene was over-expressed in a model rubber-producing grass Taraxacum Kok-saghyz and rubber content in the roots of transgenic rubber grass was significantly increased over that in the wild type plant, indicating HMGS2 is the key component for natural rubber production.
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Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Coconut Protein through SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cherian S, Ryu SB, Cornish K. Natural rubber biosynthesis in plants, the rubber transferase complex, and metabolic engineering progress and prospects. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2041-2061. [PMID: 31150158 PMCID: PMC6790360 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is a nonfungible and valuable biopolymer, used to manufacture ~50 000 rubber products, including tires and medical gloves. Current production of NR is derived entirely from the para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The increasing demand for NR, coupled with limitations and vulnerability of H. brasiliensis production systems, has induced increasing interest among scientists and companies in potential alternative NR crops. Genetic/metabolic pathway engineering approaches, to generate NR-enriched genotypes of alternative NR plants, are of great importance. However, although our knowledge of rubber biochemistry has significantly advanced, our current understanding of NR biosynthesis, the biosynthetic machinery and the molecular mechanisms involved remains incomplete. Two spatially separated metabolic pathways provide precursors for NR biosynthesis in plants and their genes and enzymes/complexes are quite well understood. In contrast, understanding of the proteins and genes involved in the final step(s)-the synthesis of the high molecular weight rubber polymer itself-is only now beginning to emerge. In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of recent research developments in NR biosynthesis, in vitro reconstitution, and the genetic and metabolic pathway engineering advances intended to improve NR content in plants, including H. brasiliensis, two other prospective alternative rubber crops, namely the rubber dandelion and guayule, and model species, such as lettuce. We describe a new model of the rubber transferase complex, which integrates these developments. In addition, we highlight the current challenges in NR biosynthesis research and future perspectives on metabolic pathway engineering of NR to speed alternative rubber crop commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Plant Systems Engineering Research CentreKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Yuseong‐guDaejeonKorea
- Research & Development CenterDRB Holding Co. LTDBusanKorea
| | - Stephen Beungtae Ryu
- Plant Systems Engineering Research CentreKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)Yuseong‐guDaejeonKorea
- Department of Biosystems and BioengineeringKRIBB School of BiotechnologyKorea University of Science and Technology (UST)DaejeonKorea
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA
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Proteomic Landscape Has Revealed Small Rubber Particles Are Crucial Rubber Biosynthetic Machines for Ethylene-Stimulation in Natural Rubber Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205082. [PMID: 31614967 PMCID: PMC6829444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber particles are a specific organelle for natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage. Ethylene can significantly improve rubber latex production by increasing the generation of small rubber particles (SRPs), regulating protein accumulation, and activating many enzyme activities. We conducted a quantitative proteomics study of different SRPs upon ethylene stimulation by differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) methods. In DIGE, 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were determined as ethylene responsive proteins. Our results show that the abundance of many NRB-related proteins has been sharply induced upon ethylene stimulation. Among them, 23 proteins were identified as rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) family members, including 16 REF and 7 SRPP isoforms. Then, 138 unique phosphorylated peptides, containing 129 phosphorylated amino acids from the 64 REF/SRPP family members, were identified, and most serine and threonine were phosphorylated. Furthermore, we identified 226 DAPs from more than 2000 SRP proteins by iTRAQ. Integrative analysis revealed that almost all NRB-related proteins can be detected in SRPs, and many proteins are positively responsive to ethylene stimulation. These results indicate that ethylene may stimulate latex production by regulating the accumulation of some key proteins. The phosphorylation modification of REF and SRPP isoforms might be crucial for NRB, and SRP may act as a complex natural rubber biosynthetic machine.
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Wu B, Gao L, Sun Y, Wu M, Wang D, Wei J, Wang G, Wu W, Xiao J, Wang X, He P. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Hevea brasiliensis Latex under Ethylene and Calcium Stimulation. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:834-847. [PMID: 31203792 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190614105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions usually act as a second messenger in the signal transmission process and a major element required by plants. In Hevea, calcium ion could alleviate the negative effects of long-term ethylene application to a certain extent. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to determine the pattern of protein changes in latex after treatments with calcium and/or ethylene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of some proteins and genes. STRING software was used to determine the protein-protein interaction network of the identified proteins. RESULTS Comparative proteomics identified 145 differentially expressed proteins, which represented 103 unique proteins. The abundance change patterns of some proteins involved in signal transduction, rubber particle aggregation, and natural rubber biosynthesis were altered upon calcium stimulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 29 proteins showed that gene expression did not always maintain the same trend as protein expression. The increased enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase suggested that calcium can enhance the antistress ability of plants by increasing the activity of their antioxidant enzyme systems. CONCLUSION These results supplement the rubber latex proteome, and provide evidence for investigating the molecular mechanisms by which calcium alleviates the negative effects of ethylene stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsun Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Le Gao
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Min Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Jiashao Wei
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Junhan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou. China
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Xie Q, Ding G, Zhu L, Yu L, Yuan B, Gao X, Wang D, Sun Y, Liu Y, Li H, Wang X. Proteomic Landscape of the Mature Roots in a Rubber-Producing Grass Taraxacum Kok-saghyz. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102596. [PMID: 31137823 PMCID: PMC6566844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rubber grass Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) contains large amounts of natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) in its enlarged roots and it is an alternative crop source of natural rubber. Natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage in the mature roots of TKS is a cascade process involving many genes, proteins and their cofactors. The TKS genome has just been annotated and many NRB-related genes have been determined. However, there is limited knowledge about the protein regulation mechanism for NRB in TKS roots. We identified 371 protein species from the mature roots of TKS by combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Meanwhile, a large-scale shotgun analysis of proteins in TKS roots at the enlargement stage was performed, and 3545 individual proteins were determined. Subsequently, all identified proteins from 2-DE gel and shotgun MS in TKS roots were subject to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses and most proteins were involved in carbon metabolic process with catalytic activity in membrane-bounded organelles, followed by proteins with binding ability, transportation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis activities. Fifty-eight NRB-related proteins, including eight small rubber particle protein (SRPP) and two rubber elongation factor(REF) members, were identified from the TKS roots, and these proteins were involved in both mevalonate acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. To our best knowledge, it is the first high-resolution draft proteome map of the mature TKS roots. Our proteomics of TKS roots revealed both MVA and MEP pathways are important for NRB, and SRPP might be more important than REF for NRB in TKS roots. These findings would not only deepen our understanding of the TKS root proteome, but also provide new evidence on the roles of these NRB-related proteins in the mature TKS roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Guohua Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Boxuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Xuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
- Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, Hainan, China.
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14
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Shi M, Li Y, Deng S, Wang D, Chen Y, Yang S, Wu J, Tian WM. The formation and accumulation of protein-networks by physical interactions in the rapid occlusion of laticifer cells in rubber tree undergoing successive mechanical wounding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:8. [PMID: 30616545 PMCID: PMC6322289 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the wound response of plants has been extensively studied, little is known of the rapid occlusion of wounded cell itself. The laticifer in rubber tree is a specific type of tissue for natural rubber biosynthesis and storage. In natural rubber production, tapping is used to harvest the latex which flows out from the severed laticifer in the bark. Therefore, study of the rapid wound-occlusion of severed laticifer cells is important for understanding the rubber tree being protected from the continuously mechanical wounding. RESULTS Using cytological and biochemical techniques, we revealed a biochemical mechanism for the rapid occlusion of severed laticifer cells. A protein-network appeared rapidly after tapping and accumulated gradually along with the latex loss at the severed site of laticifer cells. Triple immunofluorescence histochemical localization showed that the primary components of the protein-network were chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and hevein together with pro-hevein (ProH) and its carboxyl-terminal part. Molecular sieve chromatography showed that the physical interactions among these proteins occurred under the condition of neutral pH. The interaction of β-1,3-glucanase respectively with hevein, chitinase and ProH was testified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The interaction between actin and β-1,3-glucanase out of the protein inclusions of lutoids was revealed by pull-down. This interaction was pharmacologically verified by cytochalasin B-caused significant prolongation of the duration of latex flow in the field. CONCLUSIONS The formation of protein-network by interactions of the proteins with anti-pathogen activity released from lutoids and accumulation of protein-network by binding to the cytoskeleton are crucial for the rapid occlusion of laticifer cells in rubber tree. The protein-network at the wounded site of laticifer cells provides not only a physical barrier but also a biochemical barrier to protect the wounded laticifer cells from pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjing Shi
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunnan Deng
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Dehong Vocational College, Mangshi, Dehong State, 678400, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Wu
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gao L, Sun Y, Wu M, Wang D, Wei J, Wu B, Wang G, Wu W, Jin X, Wang X, He P. Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of Molybdenum- and Ethylene-Responsive Mechanisms in Rubber Latex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:621. [PMID: 29868077 PMCID: PMC5962772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient in many plants. In the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, Mo application can reduce the shrinkage of the tapping line, decrease tapping panel dryness, and finally increase rubber latex yield. After combined Mo with ethylene (Eth), these effects become more obvious. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compared the changed patterns of physiological parameters and protein accumulation in rubber latex after treated with Mo and/or Eth. Our results demonstrated that both Eth and Mo can improve the contents of thiol, sucrose, and dry yield in rubber latex. However, lutoid bursting is significantly inhibited by Mo. Comparative proteomics identified 169 differentially expressed proteins, including 114 unique proteins, which are mainly involved in posttranslational modification, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy production. The abundances of several proteins involved in rubber particle aggregation are decreased upon Mo stimulation, while many enzymes related to natural rubber biosynthesis are increased. Comparison of the accumulation patterns of 25 proteins revealed that a large portion of proteins have different changed patterns with their gene expression levels. Activity assays of six enzymes revealed that Mo stimulation can increase latex yield by improving the activity of some Mo-responsive enzymes. These results not only deepen our understanding of the rubber latex proteome but also provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of Mo-stimulated rubber latex yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiashao Wei
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Bingsun Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wenguan Wu
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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16
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Wang D, Sun Y, Chang L, Tong Z, Xie Q, Jin X, Zhu L, He P, Li H, Wang X. Subcellular proteome profiles of different latex fractions revealed washed solutions from rubber particles contain crucial enzymes for natural rubber biosynthesis. J Proteomics 2018; 182:53-64. [PMID: 29729991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rubber particle (RP) is a specific organelle for natural rubber biosynthesis (NRB) and storage in rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. NRB is processed by RP membrane-localized proteins, which were traditionally purified by repeated washing. However, we noticed many proteins in the discarded washing solutions (WS) from RP. Here, we compared the proteome profiles of WS, C-serum (CS) and RP by 2-DE, and identified 233 abundant proteins from WS by mass spectrometry. Many spots on 2-DE gels were identified as different protein species. We further performed shotgun analysis of CS, WS and RP and identified 1837, 1799 and 1020 unique proteins, respectively. Together with 2-DE, we finally identified 1825 proteins from WS, 246 were WS-specific. These WS-specific proteins were annotated in Gene Ontology, indicating most abundant pathways are organic substance metabolic process, protein degradation, primary metabolic process, and energy metabolism. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed these WS-specific proteins are mainly involved in ribosomal metabolism, proteasome system, vacuolar protein sorting and endocytosis. Label free and Western blotting revealed many WS-specific proteins and protein complexes are crucial for NRB initiation. These findings not only deepen our understanding of WS proteome, but also provide new evidences on the roles of RP membrane proteins in NRB. SIGNIFICANCE Natural rubber is stored in rubber particle from the rubber tree. Rubber particles were traditionally purified by repeated washing, but many proteins were identified from the washing solutions (WS). We obtained the first visualization proteome profiles with 1825 proteins from WS, including 246 WS-specific ones. These WS proteins contain almost all enzymes for polyisoprene initiation and may play important roles in rubber biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Peng He
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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17
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Chao J, Yang S, Chen Y, Tian WM. Transcript Profiling of Hevea brasiliensis during Latex Flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1904. [PMID: 29163621 PMCID: PMC5682034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Latex exploitation enhances latex regeneration in rubber trees. The latex exploitation-caused latex flow lasts from 10 min to a few hours, which is convenient for exploring the transcript profiling of latex metabolism-related genes at the different stages of latex flow. In the present study, the expression pattern of 62 latex metabolism-related genes involved in water transportation, carbohydrate metabolism, natural rubber biosynthesis, hormone signaling, ROS generation and scavenging, and latex coagulum across three stages of latex flow between rubber tree clones CATAS7-33-97 and CATAS8-79 were comparatively analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The two clones show differences in latex regeneration and have a different duration of latex flow. The results showed that the expression levels of 38 genes were significantly higher in CATAS8-79 latex than in CATAS7-33-97 during latex regeneration, while 45 genes had a notably higher expression level in CATAS8-79 latex during latex flow. Together with the activation of the MEP pathway and jasmonate pathway in CATAS8-79 latex, HbPIP1;3, HbPIP1;4, HbSUT3, HbSus3, HbHMGS1-2, HbMK should contribute to the high latex regeneration ability. The up-regulation of ethylene signaling and Hb44KD and the down-regulation of latex coagulation-related genes in CATAS8-79 latex might contribute to its longer latex flow duration. This study provides some cues for revealing the regulation of latex metabolism in rubber trees.
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18
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Sui JL, Xiao XH, Qi JY, Fang YJ, Tang CR. The SWEET gene family in Hevea brasiliensis - its evolution and expression compared with four other plant species. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1943-1959. [PMID: 29226081 PMCID: PMC5715295 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SWEET proteins play an indispensable role as a sugar efflux transporter in plant development and stress responses. The SWEET genes have previously been characterized in several plants. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of this gene family in the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. There are 36 members of the SWEET gene family in this species, making it one of the largest families in plant genomes sequenced so far. Structure and phylogeny analyses of these genes in Hevea and in other species demonstrated broad evolutionary conservation. RNA‐seq analyses revealed that SWEET2, 16, and 17 might represent the main evolutionary direction of SWEET genes in plants. Our results in Hevea suggested the involvement of HbSWEET1a, 2e, 2f, and 3b in phloem loading, HbSWEET10a and 16b in laticifer sugar transport, and HbSWEET9a in nectary‐specific sugar transport. Parallel studies of RNA‐seq analyses extended to three other plant species (Manihot esculenta, Populus trichocarpa, and Arabidopsis thaliana) produced findings which implicated MeSWEET10a, 3a, and 15b in M. esculenta storage root development, and the involvement of PtSWEET16b and PtSWEET16d in P. trichocarpa xylem development. RT‐qPCR results further revealed that HbSWEET10a, 16b, and 1a play important roles in phloem sugar transport. The results from this study provide a foundation not only for further investigation into the functionality of the SWEET gene family in Hevea, especially in its sugar transport for latex production, but also for related studies of this gene family in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lei Sui
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan University Haikou Hainan China.,Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Xiao-Hu Xiao
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Ji-Yan Qi
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Yong-Jun Fang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
| | - Chao-Rong Tang
- Key Lab of Rubber Biology Ministry of Agriculture & Rubber Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Danzhou Hainan China
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19
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Jin X, Zhu L, Yao Q, Meng X, Ding G, Wang D, Xie Q, Tong Z, Tao C, Yu L, Li H, Wang X. Expression Profiling of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Genes Reveals Their Evolutionary and Functional Diversity in Different Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Cultivars. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100261. [PMID: 28984837 PMCID: PMC5664111 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis) is the only commercially cultivated plant for producing natural rubber, one of the most essential industrial raw materials. Knowledge of the evolutionary and functional characteristics of kinases in H. brasiliensis is limited because of the long growth period and lack of well annotated genome information. Here, we reported mitogen-activated protein kinases in H. brasiliensis (HbMPKs) by manually checking and correcting the rubber tree genome. Of the 20 identified HbMPKs, four members were validated by proteomic data. Protein motif and phylogenetic analyses classified these members into four known groups comprising Thr-Glu-Tyr (TEY) and Thr-Asp-Tyr (TDY) domains, respectively. Evolutionary and syntenic analyses suggested four duplication events: HbMPK3/HbMPK6, HbMPK8/HbMPK9/HbMPK15, HbMPK10/HbMPK12 and HbMPK11/HbMPK16/HbMPK19. Expression profiling of the identified HbMPKs in roots, stems, leaves and latex obtained from three cultivars with different latex yield ability revealed tissue- and variety-expression specificity of HbMPK paralogues. Gene expression patterns under osmotic, oxidative, salt and cold stresses, combined with cis-element distribution analyses, indicated different regulation patterns of HbMPK paralogues. Further, Ka/Ks and Tajima analyses suggested an accelerated evolutionary rate in paralogues HbMPK10/12. These results revealed HbMPKs have diverse functions in natural rubber biosynthesis, and highlighted the potential possibility of using MPKs to improve stress tolerance in future rubber tree breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Qi Yao
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xueru Meng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Guohua Ding
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Quanliang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Chengcheng Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Li Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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20
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Comparative Proteomics of Rubber Latex Revealed Multiple Protein Species of REF/SRPP Family Respond Diversely to Ethylene Stimulation among Different Rubber Tree Clones. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050958. [PMID: 28468331 PMCID: PMC5454871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubber elongation factor (REF) and small rubber particle protein (SRPP) are two key factors for natural rubber biosynthesis. To further understand the roles of these proteins in rubber formation, six different genes for latex abundant REF or SRPP proteins, including REF138,175,258 and SRPP117,204,243, were characterized from Hevea brasiliensis Reyan (RY) 7-33-97. Sequence analysis showed that REFs have a variable and long N-terminal, whereas SRPPs have a variable and long C-terminal beyond the REF domain, and REF258 has a β subunit of ATPase in its N-terminal. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), each REF/SRPP protein was separated into multiple protein spots on 2-DE gels, indicating they have multiple protein species. The abundance of REF/SRPP proteins was compared between ethylene and control treatments or among rubber tree clones with different levels of latex productivity by analyzing 2-DE gels. The total abundance of each REF/SRPP protein decreased or changed a little upon ethylene stimulation, whereas the abundance of multiple protein species of the same REF/SRPP changed diversely. Among the three rubber tree clones, the abundance of the protein species also differed significantly. Especially, two protein species of REF175 or REF258 were ethylene-responsive only in the high latex productivity clone RY 8-79 instead of in RY 7-33-97 and PR 107. Some individual protein species were positively related to ethylene stimulation and latex productivity. These results suggested that the specific protein species could be more important than others for rubber production and post-translational modifications might play important roles in rubber biosynthesis.
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21
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Tong Z, Sun Y, Wang D, Wang L, Li L, Meng X, Feng W, Wurtele ES, Wang X. Identification and functional characterization of HbOsmotin from Hevea brasiliensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 109:171-180. [PMID: 27710866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Latex in the laticiferous cell network of Hevea brasiliensis tree is composed of cytoplasm that synthesizes natural rubber. Ethylene stimulation of the tree bark enhances latex production partly by prolonging the duration of latex flow during the tapping process. Here, we identified an osmotin-like cDNA sequence (HbOsmotin) from H. brasiliensis that belongs to the pathogenesis-related 5 (PR-5) gene family. The HbOsmotin protein is present in the lutoids of latex in H. brasiliensis, whereas in onion epidermal cells, this protein is predominantly distributed around the cell wall, suggesting that it may be secreted from the cytoplasm. We investigated the effects of exogenous ethylene on HbOsmotin transcription and protein accumulation in rubber latex, and further determined the protein function after osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. In regularly tapped trees, HbOsmotin expression was drastically inhibited in rubber latex after tapping, although the expression was subsequently recovered by ethylene stimulation. However, in virgin plants that had never been tapped, exogenous ethylene application slightly decreased HbOsmotin expression. HbOsmotin overexpression in Arabidopsis showed that HbOsmotin reduced the osmotic stress tolerance of the plant, which likely occurred by raising the water potential. These data indicated that HbOsmotin may contribute to osmotic regulation in laticiferous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tong
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xueru Meng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Weiqiang Feng
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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22
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Kitajima S, Miura K, Aoki W, Yamato KT, Taira T, Murakami R, Aburaya S. Transcriptome and proteome analyses provide insight into laticifer's defense of Euphorbia tirucalli against pests. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:434-446. [PMID: 27566924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasm of laticifers, which are plant cells specialized for rubber production and defense against microbes and herbivores, is a latex. Although laticifers share common functions, the protein constituents of latexes are highly variable among plant species and even among organs. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of Euphorbia tirucalli's (Euphorbiaceae) latex were conducted to determine the molecular basis of the laticifer's functions in this plant. The hybrid de novo assembly of Illumina mRNA-seq and expressed sequence tags obtained by Sanger's sequencing revealed 26,447 unigenes. A unigene similar to Arabidopsis embryo-specific protein 3 (AT5G62200), which is a PLAT domain-containing protein, and rubber elongation factor showed the highest expression levels. The proteome analysis, studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the de novo assembled unigenes as the database, revealed 161 proteins in the latex, 107 of which were not detected in the stem. A gene ontology analysis indicated that the laticifer's proteome was enriched with proteins related to proteolysis, phosphatase, defense against various environmental stresses and lipid metabolisms. D-mannose-binding lectin, ricin (which lacked the N-terminal conserved ribosome-inactivating protein domain), chitinase and peroxidase were highly accumulated, as confirmed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus, the lectins and chitinase may be the major defensive proteins against pests, and the other defense-related proteins and transcripts detected in latex may work in coordination with them. Highly expressing unigenes with unknown functions are candidate novel defense- or rubber production-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakihito Kitajima
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan; The Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Wataru Aoki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan; Kyoto Integrated Science & Technology Bio-Analysis Center (KIST-BIC), Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aburaya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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23
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Wang D, Sun Y, Tong Z, Yang Q, Chang L, Meng X, Wang L, Tian W, Wang X. A protein extraction method for low protein concentration solutions compatible with the proteomic analysis of rubber particles. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2930-2939. [PMID: 27699805 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of high-purity proteins from the washing solution (WS) of rubber particles (also termed latex-producing organelles) from laticifer cells in rubber tree for proteomic analysis is challenging due to the low concentration of proteins in the WS. Recent studies have revealed that proteins in the WS might play crucial roles in natural rubber biosynthesis. To further examine the involvement of these proteins in natural rubber biosynthesis, we designed an efficiency method to extract high-purity WS proteins. We improved our current borax and phenol-based method by adding reextraction steps with phenol (REP) to improve the yield from low protein concentration samples. With this new method, we extracted WS proteins that were suitable for proteomics. Indeed, compared to the original borax and phenol-based method, the REP method improved both the quality and quantity of isolated proteins. By repeatedly extracting from low protein concentration solutions using the same small amount of phenol, the REP method yielded enough protein of sufficiently high-quality from starting samples containing less than 0.02 mg of proteins per milliliter. This method was successfully applied to extract the rubber particle proteins from the WS of natural rubber latex samples. The REP-extracted WS proteins were resolved by 2DE, and 28 proteins were positively identified by MS. This method has the potential to become widely used for the extraction of proteins from low protein concentration solutions for proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Lili Chang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan, P. R. China
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24
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Highlights on Hevea brasiliensis (pro)hevein proteins. Biochimie 2016; 127:258-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Chao J, Yang S, Chen Y, Tian WM. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Gene Expression in Laticifers on the Basis of Latex Flow in Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1149. [PMID: 27524995 PMCID: PMC4965454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Latex exploitation-caused latex flow is effective in enhancing latex regeneration in laticifer cells of rubber tree. It should be suitable for screening appropriate reference gene for analysis of the expression of latex regeneration-related genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In the present study, the expression stability of 23 candidate reference genes was evaluated on the basis of latex flow by using geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Ubiquitin-protein ligase 2a (UBC2a) and ubiquitin-protein ligase 2b (UBC2b) were the two most stable genes among the selected candidate references in rubber tree clones with differential duration of latex flow. The two genes were also high-ranked in previous reference gene screening across different tissues and experimental conditions. By contrast, the transcripts of latex regeneration-related genes fluctuated significantly during latex flow. The results suggest that screening reference gene during latex flow should be an efficient and effective clue for selection of reference genes in qRT-PCR.
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26
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Li D, Zeng R, Li Y, Zhao M, Chao J, Li Y, Wang K, Zhu L, Tian WM, Liang C. Gene expression analysis and SNP/InDel discovery to investigate yield heterosis of two rubber tree F1 hybrids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24984. [PMID: 27108962 PMCID: PMC4842955 DOI: 10.1038/srep24984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important industrial material, natural rubber is mainly harvested from the rubber tree. Rubber tree breeding is inefficient, expensive and time-consuming, whereas marker-assisted selection is a feasible method for early selection of high-yield hybrids. We thus sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of two parent rubber trees (RRIM 600 and PR 107) and their most productive hybrids (RY 7-33-97 and RY 7-20-59) to understand their gene expression patterns and genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions/deletions (InDels). We discovered >31,000 genetic variations in 112,702 assembled unigenes. Our results showed that the higher yield in F1 hybrids was positively associated with their higher genome heterozygosity, which was further confirmed by genotyping 10 SNPs in 20 other varieties. We also showed that RY 7-33-97 and RY 7-20-59 were genetically closer to RRIM 600 and PR 107, respectively, in agreement with both their phenotypic similarities and gene expression profiles. After identifying ethylene- and jasmonic acid–responsive genes at the transcription level, we compared and analyzed the genetic variations underlying rubber biosynthesis and the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways in detail. Our results suggest that genome-wide genetic variations play a substantive role in maintaining rubber tree heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Li
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Rizhong Zeng
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Manman Zhao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China.,College of Horticulture &Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Jinquan Chao
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lihuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Chengzhi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China
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27
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Berthelot K, Lecomte S, Coulary-Salin B, Bentaleb A, Peruch F. Hevea brasiliensis prohevein possesses a conserved C-terminal domain with amyloid-like properties in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:388-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Zou Z, Yang L, Gong J, Mo Y, Wang J, Cao J, An F, Xie G. Genome-Wide Identification of Jatropha curcas Aquaporin Genes and the Comparative Analysis Provides Insights into the Gene Family Expansion and Evolution in Hevea brasiliensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:395. [PMID: 27066041 PMCID: PMC4814485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel-forming integral membrane proteins that transport water and other small solutes across biological membranes. Despite the vital role of AQPs, to date, little is known in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae), an important non-edible oilseed crop with great potential for the production of biodiesel. In this study, 32 AQP genes were identified from the physic nut genome and the family number is relatively small in comparison to 51 in another Euphorbiaceae plant, rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the JcAQPs were assigned to five subfamilies, i.e., nine plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), nine tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), eight NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), two X intrinsic proteins (XIPs), and four small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). Like rubber tree and other plant species, functional prediction based on the aromatic/arginine selectivity filter, Froger's positions, and specificity-determining positions showed a remarkable difference in substrate specificity among subfamilies of JcAQPs. Genome-wide comparative analysis revealed the specific expansion of PIP and TIP subfamilies in rubber tree and the specific gene loss of the XIP subfamily in physic nut. Furthermore, by analyzing deep transcriptome sequencing data, the expression evolution especially the expression divergence of duplicated HbAQP genes was also investigated and discussed. Results obtained from this study not only provide valuable information for future functional analysis and utilization of Jc/HbAQP genes, but also provide a useful reference to survey the gene family expansion and evolution in Euphorbiaceae plants and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guishui Xie
- Danzhou Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesDanzhou, China
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29
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Li HL, Guo D, Zhu JH, Wang Y, Chen XT, Peng SQ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Latex Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Increased Rubber Yield in Hevea brasiliensis Self-Rooting Juvenile Clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1204. [PMID: 27555864 PMCID: PMC4977288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) self-rooting juvenile clones (JCs) are promising planting materials for rubber production. In a comparative trial between self-rooting JCs and donor clones (DCs), self-rooting JCs exhibited better performance in rubber yield. To study the molecular mechanism associated with higher rubber yield in self-rooting JCs, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed the latex of rubber tree self-rooting JCs and DCs at the transcriptome level. Total raw reads of 34,632,012 and 35,913,020 bp were obtained from the library of self-rooting JCs and DCs, respectively, by using Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology. De novo assemblies yielded 54689 unigenes from the library of self-rooting JCs and DCs. Among 54689 genes, 1716 genes were identified as differentially expressed between self-rooting JCs and DCs via comparative transcript profiling. Functional analysis showed that the genes related to the mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, hormone metabolism and reactive oxygen species scavenging were up-regulated in self-rooting JCs, suggesting that the self-rooting JCs provide sufficient molecular basis for the increased rubber yielding, especially in the aspects of improved latex metabolisms and latex flow. Some genes encoding epigenetic modification enzymes were also differentially expressed between self-rooting JCs and DCs. Epigenetic modifications may lead to gene differential expression between self-rooting JCs and DCs. These data will provide new cues to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the improved rubber yield of H. brasiliensis self-rooting clones.
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30
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Chao J, Zhang S, Chen Y, Tian WM. Cloning, heterologous expression and characterization of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene in laticifer cells of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:331-8. [PMID: 26519821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) are a kind of crucial enzymes for removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cell. In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding an APX, designated HbAPX, was isolated from Hevea brasiliensis by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. HbAPX was 1174-bp in length and contained a 912-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 304 amino acids. The predicted molecular mass of HbAPX was 27.6 kDa (kDa) with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.73. The phylogenetic analysis showed that HbAPX belonged to the cytosolic subgroup and was more relative to PtAPX and MdAPX2. By using PlantCare online analysis, such cis-acting elements as W-box and MRE were detected in the promoter region of HbAPX. Overproduction of recombinant HbAPX protein either in Escherichia coli or yeast enhanced their tolerance to such abiotic stresses as Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Na(2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Ethrel application significantly down-regulated the expression of HbAPX and inhibited the activity of HbAPX in vivo. The ethrel-caused down-regulation of HbAPX may disturb the redox homeostasis in laticifer cells of rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, PR China.
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, PR China.
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, PR China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, PR China.
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Zou Z, Gong J, An F, Xie G, Wang J, Mo Y, Yang L. Genome-wide identification of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) aquaporin genes and their response to ethephon stimulation in the laticifer, a rubber-producing tissue. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1001. [PMID: 26606923 PMCID: PMC4658816 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material, is specifically synthesized in laticifers located inside the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) trunk. Due to the absence of plasmodesmata, the laticifer water balance is mediated by aquaporins (AQPs). However, to date, the characterization of H. brasiliensis AQPs (HbAQPs) is still in its infancy. RESULTS In this study, 51 full-length AQP genes were identified from the rubber tree genome. The phylogenetic analysis assigned these AQPs to five subfamilies, including 15 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), 17 tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), 9 NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), 4 small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) and 6 X intrinsic proteins (XIPs). Functional prediction based on the analysis of the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, Froger's positions and specificity-determining positions (SDPs) showed a remarkable difference in substrate specificity among subfamilies. Homology analysis supported the expression of 44 HbAQP genes in at least one of the examined tissues. Furthermore, deep sequencing of the laticifer transcriptome in the form of latex revealed a key role of several PIP subfamily members in the laticifer water balance, and qRT-PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of laticifer-expressed HbAQP genes upon ethephon treatment, a widely-used practice for the stimulation of latex yield. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important genetic resource of HbAQP genes, which will be useful to improve the water use efficiency and latex yield of Hevea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Gong
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Feng An
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Guishui Xie
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Jikun Wang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Yeyong Mo
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
| | - Lifu Yang
- Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, P. R. China.
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Comparative proteomic analysis of latex from Hevea brasiliensis treated with Ethrel and methyl jasmonate using iTRAQ-coupled two-dimensional LC-MS/MS. J Proteomics 2015; 132:167-75. [PMID: 26581641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethrel (ET) is an effective and widely used latex yield stimulant of Hevea brasiliensis (Pará rubber tree), and jasmonate (JA) is a key inducer of laticifer differentiation in this plant. To examine variations in the latex proteome caused by these phytohormones, ET and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were applied to Reyan 7-33-97 rubber tree clones, and comparative proteomic analyses were conducted. On the basis of a transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequence database and an iTRAQ-coupled two-dimensional LC-MS/MS approach, 1499 latex proteins belonging to 1078 clusters were identified. With a 1.5-fold cut-off value to determine up- and down-regulated proteins, a total of 101 latex proteins were determined to be regulated by ET and/or MeJA via pairwise comparisons among the three exposure durations (0 h, 6 h, and 48 h). Proteins associated with latex regeneration, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase, and those associated with latex flow, such as chitinase and a sieve element occlusion protein, were affected by the application of ET. Chitinase and polyphenol oxidase were also found to be regulated by MeJA. The findings of this study may provide new insight into the roles of phytohormones in latex yield and the causative mechanisms of laticifer differentiation in rubber trees. SIGNIFICANCE On the basis of a transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequence database and an iTRAQ-coupled two-dimensional LC-MS/MS approach, the most comprehensive proteome of the latex was profiled, and the ethylene-/jasmonate-responsive proteins were identified in the latex of H. brasiliensis. The findings of this study may provide new insight into the role of phytohormones in latex yield and the causative mechanisms of laticifer differentiation in rubber trees.
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Shi MJ, Cai FG, Tian WM. Ethrel-stimulated prolongation of latex flow in the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.): an Hev b 7-like protein acts as a universal antagonist of rubber particle aggregating factors from lutoids and C-serum. J Biochem 2015; 159:209-16. [PMID: 26381537 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethrel is the most effective stimuli in prolonging the latex flow that consequently increases yield per tapping. This effect is largely ascribed to the enhanced lutoid stability, which is associated with the decreased release of initiators of rubber particle (RP) aggregation from lutoid bursting. However, the increase in both the bursting index of lutoids and the duration of latex flow after applying ethrel or ethylene gas in high concentrations suggests that a new mechanism needs to be introduced. In this study, a latex allergen Hev b 7-like protein in C-serum was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). In vitro analysis showed that the protein acted as a universal antagonist of RP aggregating factors from lutoids and C-serum. Ethrel treatment obviously weakened the effect of C-serum on RP aggregation, which was closely associated with the increase in the level of the Hev b 7-like protein and the decrease in the level of the 37 kDa protein, as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blotting analysis and antibody neutralization. Thus, the increase of the Hev b 7-like protein level or the ratio of the Hev b 7-like protein to the 37 kDa protein in C-serum should be primarily ascribed to the ethrel-stimulated prolongation of latex flow duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jing Shi
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737 Hainan, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Ge Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Institute of Rubber Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737 Hainan, P. R. China and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, 571737 Hainan, P. R. China
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Wang X, Wang D, Sun Y, Yang Q, Chang L, Wang L, Meng X, Huang Q, Jin X, Tong Z. Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of Laticifer Latex Reveals New Insights into Ethylene Stimulation of Natural Rubber Production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13778. [PMID: 26348427 PMCID: PMC4562231 DOI: 10.1038/srep13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is a stimulant to increase natural rubber latex. After ethylene application, both fresh yield and dry matter of latex are substantially improved. Moreover, we found that ethylene improves the generation of small rubber particles. However, most genes involved in rubber biosynthesis are inhibited by exogenous ethylene. Therefore, we conducted a proteomics analysis of ethylene-stimulated rubber latex, and identified 287 abundant proteins as well as 143 ethylene responsive latex proteins (ERLPs) with mass spectrometry from the 2-DE and DIGE gels, respectively. In addition, more than 1,600 proteins, including 404 ERLPs, were identified by iTRAQ. Functional classification of ERLPs revealed that enzymes involved in post-translational modification, carbohydrate metabolism, hydrolase activity, and kinase activity were overrepresented. Some enzymes for rubber particle aggregation were inhibited to prolong latex flow, and thus finally improved latex production. Phosphoproteomics analysis identified 59 differential phosphoproteins; notably, specific isoforms of rubber elongation factor and small rubber particle protein that were phosphorylated mainly at serine residues. This post-translational modification and isoform-specific phosphorylation might be important for ethylene-stimulated latex production. These results not only deepen our understanding of the rubber latex proteome but also provide new insights into the use of ethylene to stimulate rubber latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Lili Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xueru Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qixing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou Hainan 571101, China
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Chao J, Chen Y, Wu S, Tian WM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of latex from rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 reveals new cues for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 25928745 PMCID: PMC4410575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is the primarily commercial source of natural rubber in the world. Latex regeneration and duration of latex flow after tapping are the two factors that determine rubber yield of rubber tree, and exhibit a huge variation between rubber tree clones CATAS8-79 and PR107. RESULTS To dissect the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow, we sequenced and comparatively analyzed latex of rubber tree clone CATAS8-79 and PR107 at transriptome level. More than 26 million clean reads were generated in each pool and 51,829 all-unigenes were totally assembled. A total of 6,726 unigenes with differential expression patterns were detected between CATAS8-79 and PR107. Functional analysis showed that genes related to mass of categories were differentially enriched between the two clones. Expression pattern of genes which were involved in latex regeneration and duration of latex flow upon successive tapping was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Several genes related to rubber biosynthesis, cellulose and lignin biosynthesis and rubber particle aggregation were differentially expressed between CATAS8-79 and PR107. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report about probing latex regeneration and duration of latex flow by comparative transcriptome analysis. Among all the suggested factors, it is more important that the level of endogenous jasmonates, carbohydrate metabolism, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and Hevea rubber transferase (HRT) in mevalonate (MVA) parthway for latex regeneration while the level of endogenous ethylene (ETH), lignin content of laticifer cell wall, antioxidants and glucanases for the duration of latex flow. These data will provide new cues for understanding the molecular mechanism for the regulation of latex regeneration and duration of latex flow in rubber tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
| | - Wei-Min Tian
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree/ State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan, 571737, PR China.
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Shearman JR, Sangsrakru D, Jomchai N, Ruang-areerate P, Sonthirod C, Naktang C, Theerawattanasuk K, Tragoonrung S, Tangphatsornruang S. SNP identification from RNA sequencing and linkage map construction of rubber tree for anchoring the draft genome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121961. [PMID: 25831195 PMCID: PMC4382108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hevea brasiliensis, or rubber tree, is an important crop species that accounts for the majority of natural latex production. The rubber tree nuclear genome consists of 18 chromosomes and is roughly 2.15 Gb. The current rubber tree reference genome assembly consists of 1,150,326 scaffolds ranging from 200 to 531,465 bp and totalling 1.1 Gb. Only 143 scaffolds, totalling 7.6 Mb, have been placed into linkage groups. We have performed RNA-seq on 6 varieties of rubber tree to identify SNPs and InDels and used this information to perform target sequence enrichment and high throughput sequencing to genotype a set of SNPs in 149 rubber tree offspring from a cross between RRIM 600 and RRII 105 rubber tree varieties. We used this information to generate a linkage map allowing for the anchoring of 24,424 contigs from 3,009 scaffolds, totalling 115 Mb or 10.4% of the published sequence, into 18 linkage groups. Each linkage group contains between 319 and 1367 SNPs, or 60 to 194 non-redundant marker positions, and ranges from 156 to 336 cM in length. This linkage map includes 20,143 of the 69,300 predicted genes from rubber tree and will be useful for mapping studies and improving the reference genome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Shearman
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Sangsrakru
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nukoon Jomchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Panthita Ruang-areerate
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chutima Sonthirod
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanikar Theerawattanasuk
- Rubber Research Institute of Thailand (RRIT), Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchack, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Somvong Tragoonrung
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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