1
|
Jiang F, Yang Y, Ni Y, Qin Y, Yuan F, Ju R, Wu M. Smurf1 Modulates Smad Signaling Pathway in Fibrotic Cataract Formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:18. [PMID: 38324299 PMCID: PMC10854413 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway plays a significant role in fibrotic cataract. Smurf1, a ubiquitin protein ligase, regulates the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). This study aims to investigate the role of Smurf1 in the progression of fibrotic cataract and its underlying mechanism. Methods We used a mouse model of injury-induced anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and administered the Smurf1 inhibitor A01 for in vivo investigations. RNA sequencing was performed to examine global gene expression changes. Protein levels were assessed by Simple Western analysis. The volume of subcapsular opacity was determined using whole-mount immunofluorescence of lens anterior capsules. Lentivirus was utilized to establish cell lines with Smurf1 knockdown or overexpression in SRA01/04. Lens epithelial cell (LEC) proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 and EdU assays. Cell cycle profile was determined by flow cytometry. LEC migration was measured using Transwell and wound healing assays. Results The mRNA levels of genes associated with cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-β/BMP pathway, and UPS were upregulated in mouse ASC model. Smurf1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in lens capsules of patients and mice with ASC. Anterior chamber injection of A01 inhibited ASC formation and EMT. In vitro, Smurf1 knockdown reduced proliferation, migration and TGF-β2-induced EMT of LECs, concomitant with the upregulation of Smad1, Smad5, and pSmad1/5. Conversely, overexpression of Smurf1 showed opposite phenotypes. Conclusions Smurf1 regulates fibrotic cataract progression by influencing LEC proliferation, migration, and EMT through the modulation of the Smad signaling pathway, offering a novel target for the fibrotic cataract treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bejarano E, Whitcomb EA, Pfeiffer RL, Rose KL, Asensio MJ, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Ponce-Mora A, Canto A, Almansa I, Schey KL, Jones BW, Taylor A, Rowan S. Unbalanced redox status network as an early pathological event in congenital cataracts. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102869. [PMID: 37677999 PMCID: PMC10495660 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lens proteome undergoes dramatic composition changes during development and maturation. A defective developmental process leads to congenital cataracts that account for about 30% of cases of childhood blindness. Gene mutations are associated with approximately 50% of early-onset forms of lens opacity, with the remainder being of unknown etiology. To gain a better understanding of cataractogenesis, we utilized a transgenic mouse model expressing a mutant ubiquitin protein in the lens (K6W-Ub) that recapitulates most of the early pathological changes seen in human congenital cataracts. We performed mass spectrometry-based tandem-mass-tag quantitative proteomics in E15, P1, and P30 control or K6W-Ub lenses. Our analysis identified targets that are required for early normal differentiation steps and altered in cataractous lenses, particularly metabolic pathways involving glutathione and amino acids. Computational molecular phenotyping revealed that glutathione and taurine were spatially altered in the K6W-Ub cataractous lens. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that both taurine and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, two indicators of redox status, were differentially compromised in lens biology. In sum, our research documents that dynamic proteome changes in a mouse model of congenital cataracts impact redox biology in lens. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms associated with congenital cataracts and point out that unbalanced redox status due to reduced levels of taurine and glutathione, metabolites already linked to age-related cataract, could be a major underlying mechanism behind lens opacities that appear early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elizabeth A Whitcomb
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria José Asensio
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ponce-Mora
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antolín Canto
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inma Almansa
- School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weinberg J, Gaur M, Swaroop A, Taylor A. Proteostasis in aging-associated ocular disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101157. [PMID: 36459837 PMCID: PMC9742340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vision impairment has devastating consequences for the quality of human life. The cells and tissues associated with the visual process must function throughout one's life span and maintain homeostasis despite exposure to a variety of insults. Maintenance of the proteome is termed proteostasis, and is vital for normal cellular functions, especially at an advanced age. Here we describe basic aspects of proteostasis, from protein synthesis and folding to degradation, and discuss the current status of the field with a particular focus on major age-related eye diseases: age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma. Our intent is to allow vision scientists to determine where and how to harness the proteostatic machinery for extending functional homeostasis in the aging retina, lens, and trabecular meshwork. Several common themes have emerged despite these tissues having vastly different metabolisms. Continued exposure to insults, including chronic stress with advancing age, increases proteostatic burden and reduces the fidelity of the degradation machineries including the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome systems that recognize and remove damaged proteins. This "double jeopardy" results in an exponential accumulation of cytotoxic proteins with advancing age. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges in maintaining an appropriate balance of protein synthesis and degradation pathways, and suggest that harnessing proteostatic capacities should provide new opportunities to design interventions for attenuating age-related eye diseases before they limit sight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mohita Gaur
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi T, Jing R, Ma B, Hu C, Wen C, Shao Y, Pei C. The E3 Ligase RNF157 Inhibits Lens Epithelial Cell Apoptosis by Negatively Regulating p53 in Age-Related Cataracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:11. [PMID: 35435923 PMCID: PMC9034709 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related cataract (ARC) is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) is involved in regulating cell survival and downregulated in human cataractous lens samples. However, the function of RNF157 in cataracts remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of RNF157 in ARC. Methods Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of RNF157 in clinical lens capsules, rat cataract models, and oxidative stress cell models. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Co-IP assay, protein stability assay, and ubiquitination assay were used to detect the interaction between RNF157 and its substrate p53. Results The expression of RNF157 was downregulated in human cataract samples, UVB-induced rat cataract model, and H2O2-treated human lens epithelial cells (LECs). Ectopic expression of RNF157 protected LECs from H2O2-induced apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of RNF157 enhanced oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, silence of RNF157 in the rat ex vivo lens model exacerbated lens opacity. Mechanistically, RNF157 causes ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor antigen p53. Overexpression of p53 eliminated the antiapoptotic effects of RNF157, whereas p53 knockdown rescued RNF157 silencing-induced cell death. Conclusions Our findings revealed that reduced RNF157 expression promoted LEC apoptosis by upregulating p53 in cataracts, suggesting that the regulation of RNF157 expression may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conghui Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saitz TR, Ostrowski KA, Martinez Acevedo A, Bash JC, Klimek J, Fuchs EF, David LL, Hedges JC. The vasal fluid proteomic profile and microscopic sperm presence at time of vasectomy reversal. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2000-2006. [PMID: 33209664 PMCID: PMC7658130 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microscopic characteristics of vasal fluid at time of vasectomy reversal (VR) guide operative decision making and predict fertility outcomes. The proteomic profile of this vasal fluid has not been described or correlated with the microscopic fluid appearance. To characterize the vasal fluid proteome at time of VR and evaluate the variation of the vasal fluid proteome with respect to microscopic presence of sperm. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted enrolling twenty-five men undergoing VR for infertility and/or pain at a University-affiliated hospital. Vasal fluid samples obtained at time of VR were grouped based on presence of sperm on light microscopy at time of VR. Proteomic profiles were generated using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry, and MS/MS protein spectral counts compared between individuals and treatment groups, controlling for less than 5% protein false discovery rate (FDR). Proteins were matched with the human swissprot database using the Comet search engine, and categorized by Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Results There was large variability between the 46 vasal fluid samples collected, with 1,692 unique proteins detected. The three most abundant proteins were Lactotransferrin, Cysteine-rich secretory protein 1, A-kinase anchor protein 4. There was no correlation between the proteome and microscopic sperm presence. Prevalent GO terms included viral process, signal transduction, innate immune response, protein folding and spermatogenesis. Conclusions We describe the proteome and the most common proteins in vasal fluid at time of VR. Numerable sperm, testis and epididymis specific proteins were present even in the absence of sperm on microscopy. Further evaluation is needed to determine if a protein biomarker may better guide operative decision making and predict VR fertility outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Saitz
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Surgery, Nellis Air Force Base Hospital, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Nellis AFB, NV, USA
| | - Kevin A Ostrowski
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jasper C Bash
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eugene F Fuchs
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jason C Hedges
- Department of Urology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Wilmarth PA, Cheng C, Limi S, Fowler VM, Zheng D, David LL, Cvekl A. Proteome-transcriptome analysis and proteome remodeling in mouse lens epithelium and fibers. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:32-46. [PMID: 30359574 PMCID: PMC6360118 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells and differentiated fiber cells represent distinct compartments in the ocular lens. While previous studies have revealed proteins that are preferentially expressed in epithelial vs. fiber cells, a comprehensive proteomics library comparing the molecular compositions of epithelial vs. fiber cells is essential for understanding lens formation, function, disease and regenerative potential, and for efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for modeling of lens development and pathology in vitro. To compare protein compositions between the lens epithelium and fibers, we employed tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC/MS) analysis of microdissected mouse P0.5 lenses. Functional classifications of the top 525 identified proteins into gene ontology categories by molecular processes and subcellular localizations, were adapted for the lens. Expression levels of both epithelial and fiber proteomes were compared with whole lens proteome and mRNA levels using E14.5, E16.5, E18.5, and P0.5 RNA-Seq data sets. During this developmental time window, multiple complex biosynthetic and catabolic processes generate the molecular and structural foundation for lens transparency. As expected, crystallins showed a high correlation between their mRNA and protein levels. Comprehensive data analysis confirmed and/or predicted roles for transcription factors (TFs), RNA-binding proteins (e.g. Carhsp1), translational apparatus including ribosomal heterogeneity and initiation factors, microtubules, cytoskeletal [e.g. non-muscle myosin IIA heavy chain (Myh9) and βB2-spectrin (Sptbn2)] and membrane proteins in lens formation and maturation. Our data highlighted many proteins with unknown functions in the lens that were preferentially enriched in epithelium or fibers, setting the stage for future studies to further dissect the roles of these proteins in fiber cell differentiation vs. epithelial cell maintenance. In conclusion, the present proteomic datasets represent the first mouse lens epithelium and fiber cell proteomes, establish comparative analyses of protein and RNA-Seq data, and characterize the major proteome remodeling required to form the mature lens fiber cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhao
- Departments Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saima Limi
- Departments Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- Departments Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan SY, Ali M, Kabir F, Renuse S, Na CH, Talbot CC, Hackett SF, Riazuddin SA. Proteome Profiling of Developing Murine Lens Through Mass Spectrometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:100-107. [PMID: 29332127 PMCID: PMC5769801 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously completed a comprehensive profile of the mouse lens transcriptome. Here, we investigate the proteome of the mouse lens through mass spectrometry–based protein sequencing at the same embryonic and postnatal time points. Methods We extracted mouse lenses at embryonic day 15 (E15) and 18 (E18) and postnatal day 0 (P0), 3 (P3), 6 (P6), and 9 (P9). The lenses from each time point were preserved in three distinct pools to serve as biological replicates for each developmental stage. The total cellular protein was extracted from the lens, digested with trypsin, and labeled with isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT) for three independent TMT experiments. Results A total of 5404 proteins were identified in the mouse ocular lens in at least one TMT set, 4244 in two, and 3155 were present in all three TMT sets. The majority of the proteins exhibited steady expression at all six developmental time points; nevertheless, we identified 39 proteins that exhibited an 8-fold differential (higher or lower) expression during the developmental time course compared to their respective levels at E15. The lens proteome is composed of diverse proteins that have distinct biological properties and functional characteristics, including proteins associated with cataractogenesis and autophagy. Conclusions We have established a comprehensive profile of the developing murine lens proteome. This repository will be helpful in identifying critical components of lens development and processes essential for the maintenance of its transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Y Khan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Muhammad Ali
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sean F Hackett
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Whitson JA, Wilmarth PA, Klimek J, Monnier VM, David L, Fan X. Proteomic analysis of the glutathione-deficient LEGSKO mouse lens reveals activation of EMT signaling, loss of lens specific markers, and changes in stress response proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:84-96. [PMID: 28951044 PMCID: PMC5699945 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine global protein expression changes in the lens of the GSH-deficient LEGSKO mouse model of age-related cataract for comparison with recently published gene expression data obtained by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. METHODS Lenses were separated into epithelial and cortical fiber sections, digested with trypsin, and labeled with isobaric tags (10-plex TMTTM). Peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (Orbitrap Fusion) and mapped to the mouse proteome for relative protein quantification. RESULTS 1871 proteins in lens epithelia and 870 proteins in lens fiber cells were quantified. 40 proteins in LEGSKO epithelia, 14 proteins in LEGSKO fiber cells, 22 proteins in buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-treated LEGSKO epithelia, and 55 proteins in BSO-treated LEGSKO fiber cells had significantly (p<0.05, FDR<0.1) altered protein expression compared to WT controls. HSF4 and MAF transcription factors were the most common upstream regulators of the response to GSH-deficiency. Many detoxification proteins, including aldehyde dehydrogenases, peroxiredoxins, and quinone oxidoreductase, were upregulated but several glutathione S-transferases were downregulated. Several cellular stress response proteins showed regulation changes, including an upregulation of HERPUD1, downregulation of heme oxygenase, and mixed changes in heat shock proteins. NRF2-regulated proteins showed broad upregulation in BSO-treated LEGSKO fiber cells, but not in other groups. Strong trends were seen in downregulation of lens specific proteins, including β- and γ-crystallins, lengsin, and phakinin, and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related changes. Western blot analysis of LEGSKO lens epithelia confirmed expression changes in several proteins. CONCLUSIONS This dataset confirms at the proteomic level many findings from the recently determined GSH-deficient lens transcriptome and provides new insight into the roles of GSH in the lens, how the lens adapts to oxidative stress, and how GSH affects EMT in the lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Whitson
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, 2301 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - John Klimek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vincent M Monnier
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, 2301 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biochemistry, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Larry David
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xingjun Fan
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Pathology, 2301 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dash S, Siddam AD, Barnum CE, Janga SC, Lachke SA. RNA-binding proteins in eye development and disease: implication of conserved RNA granule components. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:527-57. [PMID: 27133484 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular biology of metazoan eye development is an area of intense investigation. These efforts have led to the surprising recognition that although insect and vertebrate eyes have dramatically different structures, the orthologs or family members of several conserved transcription and signaling regulators such as Pax6, Six3, Prox1, and Bmp4 are commonly required for their development. In contrast, our understanding of posttranscriptional regulation in eye development and disease, particularly regarding the function of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), is limited. We examine the present knowledge of RBPs in eye development in the insect model Drosophila as well as several vertebrate models such as fish, frog, chicken, and mouse. Interestingly, of the 42 RBPs that have been investigated for their expression or function in vertebrate eye development, 24 (~60%) are recognized in eukaryotic cells as components of RNA granules such as processing bodies, stress granules, or other specialized ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We discuss the distinct developmental and cellular events that may necessitate potential RBP/RNA granule-associated RNA regulon models to facilitate posttranscriptional control of gene expression in eye morphogenesis. In support of these hypotheses, three RBPs and RNP/RNA granule components Tdrd7, Caprin2, and Stau2 are linked to ocular developmental defects such as congenital cataract, Peters anomaly, and microphthalmia in human patients or animal models. We conclude by discussing the utility of interdisciplinary approaches such as the bioinformatics tool iSyTE (integrated Systems Tool for Eye gene discovery) to prioritize RBPs for deriving posttranscriptional regulatory networks in eye development and disease. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:527-557. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1355 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Archana D Siddam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Carrie E Barnum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University & Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|