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Cherf GM, Lee RB, Mehta N, Clifford C, Torres K, Kintzing JR, Cochran JR. An engineered ultrahigh affinity bi-paratopic uPAR targeting agent confers enhanced tumor targeting. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38965775 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is overexpressed on tumor cells in multiple types of cancer and contributes to disease progression and metastasis. In this work, we engineered a novel bi-paratopic uPAR targeting agent by fusing the binding domains of two native uPAR ligands: uPA and vitronectin, with a flexible peptide linker. The linker length was optimized to facilitate simultaneous engagement of both domains to their adjacent epitopes on uPAR, resulting in a high affinity and avid binding interaction. Furthermore, the individual domains were affinity-matured using yeast surface display and directed evolution, resulting in a bi-paratopic protein with affinity in the picomolar to femtomolar range. This engineered uPAR targeting agent demonstrated significantly enhanced tumor localization in mouse tumor models compared to the native uPAR ligand and warrants further investigation as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Cherf
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert B Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Claire Clifford
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Torres
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - James R Kintzing
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Geyer M, Geyer F, Reuning U, Klapproth S, Wolff KD, Nieberler M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in human OSCC cells reduced migration and proliferation ability. Head Face Med 2024; 20:37. [PMID: 38890650 PMCID: PMC11184753 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-024-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains challenging and survival rates have not been improved significantly over the past decades. Integrins have been recognized driving the cancer progression and high expression levels cause poor outcomes in patients afflicted with OSCC. Integrin αvβ6 and its subunit integrin beta 6 (ITGB6) were discovered to enhance the invasiveness by providing beneficial effects on downstream pathways promoting the cancer progression. The objective of this study was to establish a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 in the human OSCC cell line HN and investigate the effects on the migration and proliferation ability. METHODS ITGB6 knock out was performed using the CRISPR/Cas9-system, RNPs, and lipofection. Monoclonal cell clones were achieved by limiting dilution and knock out verification was carried out by sanger sequencing and FACS on protein level. The effects of the knock out on the proliferation and migration ability were evaluated by using MTT and scratch assays. In addition, in silico TCGA analysis was utilized regarding the effects of ITGB6 on overall survival and perineural invasion. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed a significant impact of ITGB6 mRNA expression levels on the overall survival of patients afflicted with OSCC. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of perineural invasion was discovered. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of ITGB6 was performed in the OSCC cell line HN, resulting in the generation of a monoclonal knock out clone. The knock out clone exhibited a significantly reduced migration and proliferation ability when compared to the wildtype. CONCLUSIONS ITGB6 is a relevant factor in the progression of OSCC and can be used for the development of novel treatment strategies. The present study is the first to establish a monoclonal CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ITGB6 knockout cell clone derived from an OSCC cell line. It suggests that ITGB6 has a significant impact on the proliferative and migratory capacity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabian Geyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Klapproth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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3
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Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 (αvβ6) and Its Implications in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012346. [PMID: 36293202 PMCID: PMC9603893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are necessary for cell adhesion, migration, and positioning. Essential for inducing signalling events for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, they also trigger a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in mediating invasion, metastasis, and squamous-cell carcinoma. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the up- and down-regulation of the expression of αv and other integrins can be a potent marker of malignant diseases and patient prognosis. This review focuses on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-dependent integrin αVβ6, its biology, and its role in healthy humans. We examine the implications of αVβ6 in cancer progression and the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by contributing to the activation of transforming growth factor beta TGF-β. Although αvβ6 is crucial for proper function in healthy people, it has also been validated as a target for cancer treatment. This review briefly considers aspects of targeting αVβ6 in the clinic via different therapeutic modalities.
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Yu S, Sui Y, Wang J, Li Y, Li H, Cao Y, Chen L, Jiang L, Yuan C, Huang M. Crystal structure and cellular functions of uPAR dimer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1665. [PMID: 35351875 PMCID: PMC8964761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractReceptor dimerization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was previously identified at protein level and on cell surface. Recently, a dimeric form of mouse uPAR isoform 2 was proposed to induce kidney disease. Here, we report the crystal structure of human uPAR dimer at 2.96 Å. The structure reveals enormous conformational changes of the dimer compared to the monomeric structure: D1 of uPAR opens up into a large expanded ring that captures a β-hairpin loop of a neighboring uPAR to form an expanded β-sheet, leading to an elongated, highly intertwined dimeric uPAR. Based on the structure, we identify E49P as a mutation promoting dimer formation. The mutation increases receptor binding to the amino terminal fragment of its primary ligand uPA, induces the receptor to distribute to the basal membrane, promotes cell proliferation, and alters cell morphology via β1 integrin signaling. These results reveal the structural basis for uPAR dimerization, its effect on cellular functions, and provide a basis to further study this multifunctional receptor.
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5
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Ahn SB, Kamath KS, Mohamedali A, Noor Z, Wu JX, Pascovici D, Adhikari S, Cheruku HR, Guillemin GJ, McKay MJ, Nice EC, Baker MS. Use of a Recombinant Biomarker Protein DDA Library Increases DIA Coverage of Low Abundance Plasma Proteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2374-2389. [PMID: 33752330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Credible detection and quantification of low abundance proteins from human blood plasma is a major challenge in precision medicine biomarker discovery when using mass spectrometry (MS). In this proof-of-concept study, we employed a mixture of selected recombinant proteins in DDA libraries to subsequently identify (not quantify) cancer-associated low abundance plasma proteins using SWATH/DIA. The exemplar DDA recombinant protein spectral library (rPSL) was derived from tryptic digestion of 36 recombinant human proteins that had been previously implicated as possible cancer biomarkers from both our own and other studies. The rPSL was then used to identify proteins from nondepleted colorectal cancer (CRC) EDTA plasmas by SWATH-MS. Most (32/36) of the proteins used in the rPSL were reliably identified from CRC plasma samples, including 8 proteins (i.e., BTC, CXCL10, IL1B, IL6, ITGB6, TGFα, TNF, TP53) not previously detected using high-stringency protein inference MS according to PeptideAtlas. The rPSL SWATH-MS protocol was compared to DDA-MS using MARS-depleted and postdigestion peptide fractionated plasmas (here referred to as a human plasma DDA library). Of the 32 proteins identified using rPSL SWATH, only 12 could be identified using DDA-MS. The 20 additional proteins exclusively identified using the rPSL SWATH approach were almost exclusively lower abundance (i.e., <10 ng/mL) proteins. To mitigate justified FDR concerns, and to replicate a more typical library creation approach, the DDA rPSL library was merged with a human plasma DDA library and SWATH identification repeated using such a merged library. The majority (33/36) of the low abundance plasma proteins added from the rPSL were still able to be identified using such a merged library when high-stringency HPP Guidelines v3.0 protein inference criteria were applied to our data set. The MS data set has been deposited to ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository (PXD022361).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Karthik S Kamath
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zainab Noor
- ProCan, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Jemma X Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Harish R Cheruku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
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6
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Baart VM, Houvast RD, de Geus-Oei LF, Quax PHA, Kuppen PJK, Vahrmeijer AL, Sier CFM. Molecular imaging of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor: opportunities beyond cancer. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:87. [PMID: 32725278 PMCID: PMC7387399 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a multifaceted role in almost any process where migration of cells and tissue-remodeling is involved such as inflammation, but also in diseases as arthritis and cancer. Normally, uPAR is absent in healthy tissues. By its carefully orchestrated interaction with the protease urokinase plasminogen activator and its inhibitor (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), uPAR localizes a cascade of proteolytic activities, enabling (patho)physiologic cell migration. Moreover, via the interaction with a broad range of cell membrane proteins, like vitronectin and various integrins, uPAR plays a significant, but not yet completely understood, role in differentiation and proliferation of cells, affecting also disease progression. The implications of these processes, either for diagnostics or therapeutics, have received much attention in oncology, but only limited beyond. Nonetheless, the role of uPAR in different diseases provides ample opportunity to exploit new applications for targeting. Especially in the fields of oncology, cardiology, rheumatology, neurology, and infectious diseases, uPAR-targeted molecular imaging could offer insights for new directions in diagnosis, surveillance, or treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Baart
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R D Houvast
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L F de Geus-Oei
- Department of Radiology, Section of Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Percuros BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Ahn SB, Mohamedali A, Pascovici D, Adhikari S, Sharma S, Nice EC, Baker MS. Proteomics Reveals Cell‐Surface Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression Impacts Most Hallmarks of Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900026. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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8
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He Y, Mohamedali A, Huang C, Baker MS, Nice EC. Oncoproteomics: Current status and future opportunities. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:611-624. [PMID: 31176645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncoproteomics is the systematic study of cancer samples using omics technologies to detect changes implicated in tumorigenesis. Recent progress in oncoproteomics is already opening new avenues for the identification of novel biomarkers for early clinical stage cancer detection, targeted molecular therapies, disease monitoring, and drug development. Such information will lead to new understandings of cancer biology and impact dramatically on the future care of cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize the advantages and limitations of the key technologies used in (onco)proteogenomics, (the Omics Pipeline), explain how they can assist us in understanding the biology behind the overarching "Hallmarks of Cancer", discuss how they can advance the development of precision/personalised medicine and the future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mark S Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
| | - Edouard C Nice
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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9
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Koivisto L, Bi J, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Integrin αvβ6: Structure, function and role in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:186-196. [PMID: 29678785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that traditionally mediate cell-to-extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesion. They can, however, also bind a large repertoire of other molecules. Integrin αvβ6 is exclusively expressed in epithelial cells where it can, for example, serve as a fibronectin receptor. However, its hallmark function is to activate transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to modulate innate immune surveillance in lungs and skin and along the gastrointestinal tract, and to maintain epithelial stem cell quiescence. The loss of αvβ6 integrin function in mice and humans leads to an altered immune response in lungs and skin, amelogenesis imperfecta, periodontal disease and, in some cases, alopecia. Elevated αvβ6 integrin expression and aberrant TGF-β1 activation and function are associated with organ fibrosis and cancer. Therefore, αvβ6 integrin serves as an attractive target for cancer imaging and for fibrosis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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10
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Schwaminger S, Blank‐Shim SA, Borkowska‐Panek M, Anand P, Fraga‐García P, Fink K, Wenzel W, Berensmeier S. Experimental characterization and simulation of amino acid and peptide interactions with inorganic materials. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:84-100. [PMID: 32624891 PMCID: PMC6999452 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, many applications and new materials benefit from the interplay of inorganic materials and biomolecules. A fundamental understanding of complex organic-inorganic interactions would improve the controlled production of nanomaterials and biosensors to the development of biocompatible implants for the human body. Although widely exploited in applications, the interaction of amino acids and peptides with most inorganic surfaces is not fully understood. To date, precisely characterizing complex surfaces of inorganic materials and analyzing surface-biomolecule interactions remain challenging both experimentally and computationally. This article reviews several approaches to characterizing biomolecule-surface interactions and illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of the methods presented. First, we explain how the adsorption mechanism of amino acids/peptides to inorganic surfaces can be determined and how thermodynamic and kinetic process constants can be obtained. Second, we demonstrate how this data can be used to develop models for peptide-surface interactions. The understanding and simulation of such interactions constitute a basis for developing molecules with high affinity binding domains in proteins for bioprocess engineering and future biomedical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Priya Anand
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Paula Fraga‐García
- Bioseparation Engineering GroupTechnical University of MunichMünchenGermany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering GroupTechnical University of MunichMünchenGermany
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11
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Kugaevskaya E, Gureeva T, Timoshenko O, Solovyeva N. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator system and its role in tumor progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:472-486. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186406472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the multistage process of carcinogenesis, the key link in the growth and progression of the tumor is the invasion of malignant cells into normal tissue and their distribution and the degree of destruction of tissues. The most important role in the development of these processes is played by the system of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA system), which consists of several components: serine proteinase – uPA, its receptor – uPAR and its two endogenous inhibitors – PAI-1 and PAI-2. The components of the uPA system are expressed by cancer cells to a greater extent than normal tissue cells. uPA converts plasminogen into broad spectrum, polyfunctional protease plasmin, which, in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis, can hydrolyze a number of components of the connective tissue matrix (СTM), as well as activate the zymogens of secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMР) – pro-MMР. MMРs together can hydrolyze all the main components of the СTM, and thus play a key role in the development of invasive processes, as well as to perform regulatory functions by activating and releasing from STM a number of biologically active molecules that are involved in the regulation of the main processes of carcinogenesis. The uPA system promotes tumor progression not only through the proteolytic cascade, but also through uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2, which are involved in both the regulation of uPA/uPAR activity and are involved in proliferation, apoptosis, chemotaxis, adhesion, migration and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. All of the above processes are aimed at regulating invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The components of the uPA system are used as prognostic and diagnostic markers of many cancers, as well as serve as targets for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T.A. Gureeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Peng L, Cantor DI, Huang C, Wang K, Baker MS, Nice EC. Tissue and plasma proteomics for early stage cancer detection. Mol Omics 2018; 14:405-423. [PMID: 30251724 DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of novel and effective biomarkers is essential in the struggle against cancer, which is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Here we discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently used proteomics techniques, concentrating on the latest advances and application of tissue and plasma proteomics for novel cancer biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- Dept of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - David I. Cantor
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University
- New South Wales
- Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- Dept of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- Dept of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University
- Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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13
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Blank-Shim SA, Schwaminger SP, Borkowska-Panek M, Anand P, Yamin P, Fraga-García P, Fink K, Wenzel W, Berensmeier S. Binding patterns of homo-peptides on bare magnetic nanoparticles: insights into environmental dependence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14047. [PMID: 29070786 PMCID: PMC5656586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensively investigated for applications in nanomedicine, catalysis and biotechnology, where their interaction with peptides and proteins plays an important role. However, the characterisation of the interaction of individual amino acids with MNP remains challenging. Here, we classify the affinity of 20 amino acid homo-hexamers to unmodified iron oxide nanoparticles using peptide arrays in a variety of conditions as a basis to identify and rationally design selectively binding peptides. The choice of buffer system is shown to strongly influence the availability of peptide binding sites on the MNP surface. We find that under certain buffer conditions peptides of different charges can bind the MNP and that the relative strength of the interactions can be modulated by changing the buffer. We further present a model for the competition between the buffer and the MNP's electrostatically binding to the adsorption sites. Thereby, we demonstrate that the charge distribution on the surface can be used to correlate the binding of positively and negatively charged peptides to the MNP. This analysis enables us to engineer the binding of MNP on peptides and contribute to better understand the bio-nano interactions, a step towards the design of affinity tags for advanced biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Blank-Shim
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Monika Borkowska-Panek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Priya Anand
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peyman Yamin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany.
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15
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Li H, Chen C. Quercetin Has Antimetastatic Effects on Gastric Cancer Cells via the Interruption of uPA/uPAR Function by Modulating NF-κb, PKC-δ, ERK1/2, and AMPKα. Integr Cancer Ther 2017. [PMID: 28627240 PMCID: PMC6041899 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417696702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy with few effective treatment options after metastasis occurs. Quercetin (Qu) intake has been associated with reduced incidence and slow development of GC, probably due to its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects, but it is unclear whether Qu can inhibit the metastatic activity. The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) system plays an important role in cancer metastasis. In this study, we measured both uPA activity and uPAR expression in GC and pericarcinous tissues, and we investigated the correlation between uPAR expression and the migratory and invasive activities of various GC cell lines. GC BGC823 and AGS cells were subjected to treatment with 10 μM Qu for 72 hours and uPAR knockdown, alone or in combination, before evaluating cell metastasis. The results showed that uPA activity and uPAR expression were higher in GC tissues than in pericarcinous tissues. Migratory and invasive activities of GC cell lines positively correlated with uPAR expression. Qu treatment decreased BGC823 and AGS cell migration and invasion, accompanied by reduced uPA and uPAR protein expression. Both Qu treatment and uPAR knockdown decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activity and blocked Pak1-Limk1-cofilin signaling. Qu treatment was associated with inhibition of NF-κb, PKC-δ, and ERK1/2, and with AMPKα activation. Specific inhibitors of NF-κb, PKC, and ERK1/2, and an AMPKα activator suppressed uPA and uPAR expression in GC cells. Collectively, Qu showed an antimetastatic effect on GC cells via the interruption of uPA/uPAR function and modulation of NF-κb, PKC-δ, ERK1/2, and AMPKα. This suggests that Qu is a promising agent against GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- 1 Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- 2 Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Huang Z, Ma L, Huang C, Li Q, Nice EC. Proteomic profiling of human plasma for cancer biomarker discovery. Proteomics 2016; 17. [PMID: 27550791 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Linguang Ma
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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