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Bai Y, Wei W, Yao C, Wu S, Wang W, Guo DA. Advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological properties and clinical applications of TCM formula Yupingfeng San. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105385. [PMID: 36473539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yupingfeng San (YPFS) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia in China. It is composed of three Chinese herbs, including Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Saposhnikoviae Radix. In this review, the relevant references on YPFS were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literatures published from 2000 to 2022 were screened and summarized. The constituents in YPFS could be classified into nine groups according to their structures, including flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, lactones, amino acids, organic acids, saccharides, chromones and others. The importance of chemical constituents in YPFS were demonstrated for specific pathological processes including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and pulmonary diseases. This article systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical compositions, pharmacology and safety, that could be used as essential data and reference for clinical applications of YPFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - De-An Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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Chemical comparison of Astragali Radix by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS with different growing patterns. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Zhang J, Feng Q. Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Protective Mechanisms of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854674. [PMID: 35308224 PMCID: PMC8929346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a condition for which there is now no authorized treatment. The search for new medications to treat MAFLD made from natural substances is gaining traction. The function of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, hypoglycaemic, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory actions of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), a chemical molecule isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, has become the focus of therapeutic attention. We have a large number of papers on the pharmacological effects of APS on NAFLD that have never been systematically reviewed before. According to our findings, APS may help to slow the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation, fibrosis, autophagy, and apoptosis are some of the pathogenic pathways involved. SIRT1/PPARα/FGF21, PI3K/AKT/IRS-1, AMPK/ACC, mTOR/4EBP-1/S6K1, GRP78/IRE-1/JNK, AMPK/PGC-1/NRF1, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad pathways were the most common molecular protective mechanisms. All of the information presented in this review suggests that APS is a natural medication with a lot of promise for NAFLD, but more study, bioavailability studies, medicine type and dosage, and clinical proof are needed. This review could be useful for basic research, pharmacological development, and therapeutic applications of APS in the management of MAFLD.
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Cui P, Li X, Huang C, Li Q, Lin D. Metabolomics and its Applications in Cancer Cachexia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:789889. [PMID: 35198602 PMCID: PMC8860494 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.789889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complicated metabolic derangement and muscle wasting syndrome, affecting 50–80% cancer patients. So far, molecular mechanisms underlying CC remain elusive. Metabolomics techniques have been used to study metabolic shifts including changes of metabolite concentrations and disturbed metabolic pathways in the progression of CC, and expand further fundamental understanding of muscle loss. In this article, we aim to review the research progress and applications of metabolomics on CC in the past decade, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of prediction, early diagnosis, and therapy of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cui
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Xuchang Central Hospital, Xuchang, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Donghai Lin,
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Liu L, Wu Q, Miao X, Fan T, Meng Z, Chen X, Zhu W. Study on toxicity effects of environmental pollutants based on metabolomics: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131815. [PMID: 34375834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on non-target organisms have received more and more attention. As a new omics technology, metabolomics can clarify the metabolic homeostasis of the organism at the overall level by studying the changes in the relative contents of endogenous metabolites in the organism. Recently, a large number of studies have used metabolomics technology to study the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on organisms. In this review, we reviewed the analysis processes and data processes of metabolomics and its application in the study of the toxic effects of environmental pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and microplastics. In addition, we emphasized that the combination of metabolomics and other omics technologies will help to explore the toxic mechanism of environmental pollutants and provide new research ideas for the toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Qinchao Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinyi Miao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Tianle Fan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Yu X, Nai J, Guo H, Yang X, Deng X, Yuan X, Hua Y, Tian Y, Xu F, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Predicting the grades of Astragali radix using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and machine learning. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:611-616. [PMID: 34765274 PMCID: PMC8572717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR, the dried root of Astragalus) is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States. The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded (PG) and ungraded (UG) ones only according to the appearance. To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading, we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set (n=16 batches). A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis, including arginine, calycosin, ononin, formononetin, and astragaloside Ⅳ, most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragaloside Ⅳ. Then, we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model. Finally, the external validation in an independent validation set of AR (n=20 batches) verified that the five compounds, as well as the model, had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR, with the prediction accuracy > 90%. Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingxue Nai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xuping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yunfei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Zhang J, Lin Y, Wei X, Li Z, Li R. Study of the Unique Characteristics of Multi-Elements of the Wild Astragali Radix from Shanxi Province by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:603-611. [PMID: 34747478 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragali Radix (AR) is widely used because of its dual use in medicine and food. Wild Astragali Radix from Hunyuan county of Shanxi Province in China is accepted as a geo-authentic medicine with high quality and good medicinal effects. Multi-elements of Astragali Radix partially reflect its efficacy and safety. However, there is no systemic research about the elemental analysis of geo-authentic Astragali Radix until now. OBJECTIVE In this paper, multi-elemental profiling of Astragali Radix from Gansu, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces in China was implemented. METHODS A microwave digestion coupled with ICP-MS, principle component analysis and partial-least square-discriminate analysis were used for the analysis of unique elemental accumulation ability of Shanxi wild-type. RESULTS For 53 stably detected elements, the contents of most elements (Ba, Cs, Ga, La, Pr and so on) were significantly higher while some others (Cd, Cu, P, W and Zn) were significantly lower in wild Astragali Radix from Shanxi than those of the samples from Gansu, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi provinces and the cultivated samples from Shanxi. After binary logistic regression, combinational variable Ba-P was found to be a good marker to identify wild Astragali Radix of Shanxi Province from the samples with other origins, and the total positive prediction probability of the test samples from both market and their original field could reach 93.8% through external validation using the model. CONCLUSIONS Multi-elemental analysis coupled with PCA, PLS-DA, nonparametric analysis and binary logistic regression can be a good tool for the identification of wild Astragali Radix from Shanxi Province. HIGHLIGHTS An ICP-MS method was developed and validated for multi-elements. Fifty-three elements in Astragali Radix from differential origins were compared. The wild Astragali Radix from Shanxi had unique elemental characteristics. Combinational variable Ba-P is a good marker to identify wild-type from Shanxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Lin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Chang'an South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wei
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006 People's Republic of China
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He Y, Zhao X, Chen L, Zhao L, Yang H. Effect of electrolysed water generated by sodium chloride combined with sodium bicarbonate solution against Listeria innocua in broth and on shrimp. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Zhou M, Zhao J. A Review on the Health Effects of Pesticides Based on Host Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:632955. [PMID: 33628766 PMCID: PMC7897673 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.632955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their large number of applications, the pesticides pose potential toxicity risks to the non-target organisms. In recent years, the studies on the toxic effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, based on their gut microbiome and metabolome, have been continuously reported. As a dense and diverse microbial community, the gut microbiota in the mammalian gut plays a key role in the maintenance of host metabolic homeostasis. The imbalance in the gut microbiota of host is closely associated with the disturbance in the host's metabolic profile. A comprehensive analysis of the changes in the gut microbiota and metabolic profile of host will help in understanding the internal mechanism of pesticide-induced toxic effects. This study reviewed the composition and function of the gut microbiota of host, as well as the analysis methods and applications of metabolomics. Importantly, the latest research on the toxic effects of the exposure of pesticide to host was reviewed on the basis of changes in their gut microbiota and metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Xue X, Qiao Y, Li D, Wei Q, Zhang F, Qin X. Astragaloside IV Extends Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Improving Age-Related Functional Declines and Triggering Antioxidant Responses. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:120-130. [PMID: 32741299 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a representative component of astragaloside saponins in dried roots of Astragali Radix. Astragaloside possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anti-fibrosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of AS-IV in antiaging remains unclear. In this article, we studied the function of AS-IV in antiaging by using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. We showed that AS-IV can prolong the lifespan of C. elegans in a natural aging model, a paraquat injury model, and a heat stress model and improve the movement capacity of nematodes. 1H-NMR data indicate an improvement of glutamate content and a decrease in glucose in the AS-IV treatment group compared with the control. Further investigation revealed that AS-IV can induce the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) genes and increase the activities of SOD and CAT in the nematode. Interestingly, AS-IV could not extend the lifespan of sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, sod-4, sod-5, ctl-1, ctl-2, ctl-3, and daf-16 mutants. These data indicate that AS-IV prevents aging via mainly improving age-related functional declines, the antioxidant capacity of nematodes and partially modulating the insulin/insulin growth factor 1 signaling pathway activity. Our results provide new insights into how AS-IV prevents and treats aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Xue
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daqi Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Center for Reproduction and Health Development, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Chen J, Zhang X, Hron K. Partial least squares regression with compositional response variables and covariates. J Appl Stat 2020; 48:3130-3149. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2020.1795813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Li K, Zhang R, Li SY, Liu YT, Li AP, Liu XJ, DU GH, Qin XM. Potential quality evaluation approach for the absolute growth years' wild and transplanted Astragali Radix based on anti-heart failure efficacy. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:460-471. [PMID: 32503737 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The quality of Astragali Radix (AR) was closely related to the growth period. However, the current commodity grades of AR were only divided by diameter but not directly related to the growth period, which leads to the contradiction between the grade standard and the quality evaluation index. Therefore, solving this problem will be the key for the quality evaluation of AR. The present study established a potential quality evaluation approach for the absolute growth years' wild Astragali Radix (WAR) and transplanted Astragali Radix (TAR) based on the chemical components and anti-heart failure efficacy through adopting a bare-handed sections approach to rapidly identify the growth years of WAR. In this study, the absolute growth years of WAR were obtained by identifying the growth rings of 1-6 growth years root through the methods. The contents of flavonoids and saponins in 2-6 growth years' WAR were determined by HPLC-UV-ELSD. The contents of 12 chemical components and the anti-fatigue failure effects of WAR (4-year-old) and TAR were compared on rat models of heart failure induced by doxorubicin. Meanwhile, NMR-based untargeted metabolomics studies were performed to investigate the regulative effects of WAR and TAR. The result shows that the numbers of growth rings were consistent with the actual growth periods of AR. The HPLC-UV-ELSD determination indicated that the content of total flavonoids in WAR was significantly higher than that in TAR. Pharmacodynamics analysis revealed that the effects of WAR on cardiac function parameters (EF, FS and LVIDs), contents of serum CK and BNP were superior to those of TAR. 13 metabolites of heart were identified that had a higher rate of change in WAR group than TAR. Overall, a rapid identification method for the growth years of WAR was established, and the fact that WAR were significantly better than TAR in the heart failure rats was first proved in the paper. This study provided a scientific basis for establishing a novel commodity specification and grade of AR for clinical rational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue-Tao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Wang D, Li R, Wei S, Gao S, Xu Z, Liu H, Wang R, Li H, Cai H, Wang J, Zhao Y. Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology exploration reveals the modulatory properties of Astragali Radix extract in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Chin Med 2019; 14:30. [PMID: 31467589 PMCID: PMC6712842 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astragali Radix (AR) is widely-used for improving liver fibrosis, but, the mechanism of action has not been systematically explained. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of AR intervention in liver fibrosis based on comprehensive metabolomics combined with network pharmacology approach. Materials and methods UPLC–Q-TOF/MS based metabolomics technique was used to explore the specific metabolites and possible pathways of AR affecting the pathological process of liver fibrosis. Network pharmacology analysis was introduced to explore the key targets of AR regarding the mechanisms on liver fibrosis. Results AR significantly reduced the levels of ALT, AST and AKP in serum, and improved pathological characteristics. Metabolomics analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of AR was mainly related to the regulation of nine metabolites, including sphingosine, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a, LysoPC (O-18:0), 3-dehydrosphinganine, 5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, leukotriene C4, taurochenodesoxycholic acid, LysoPC (18:1 (9Z)) and 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Pathway analysis indicated that the treatment of AR on liver fibrosis was related to arachidonic acid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Validation of the key targets by network pharmacology analysis of potential metabolic markers showed that AR significantly down-regulated the expression of CYP1B1 and up-regulated the expression of CYP1A2 and PCYT1A. Conclusion Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was used for the first time to clarify that the treatment of AR on liver fibrosis, which is related to the regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and ether lipid metabolism by modulating the expression of CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and PCYT1A. And the integrated approach can provide new strategies and ideas for the study of molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- 1Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China.,2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- 3Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- 1Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China.,2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Sijia Gao
- 1Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China.,2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- 1Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China.,2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Honghong Liu
- 4Integrative Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- 5Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Haotian Li
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Huadan Cai
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Jian Wang
- 1Provincial and State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of System Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- 2Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
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Zhou YJ, Li LS, Sun JL, Guan K, Wei JF. 1H NMR-based metabolomic study of metabolic profiling for pollinosis. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100005. [PMID: 30937130 PMCID: PMC6439407 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis is the main symptom of pollinosis, relieved by non-specific treatment universally. This study aimed to find the changes of serum metabolites between the seizure and remission periods of pollinosis and provide assistance in the diagnosis and/or therapy. Methods Metabonomics based on 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study the 37 serum samples of pollinosis patients. Results We believed that the decreased levels of isoleutine, leutine, valine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, allo-threonine, alanine, methionine, glutamine, lysine, glycine, l-tyrosine, histidine, phenylalanine, lactate, acetate, O-acetylcholine, creatine and creatinine and the increased level of N-acetylglutamine at the seizure stage were statistically significant. Conclusions Pollinosis could change the metabolic profiles of energy, amino acid and lipid in patients, which might be the diagnosis and/or prognosis markers for hay fever patients.
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Key Words
- Amino acid
- Energy
- FIDs, free induction decay
- Lipid metabolism
- Metabonomics
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis
- OSC-PLS-DA, orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares discriminant analysis
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- PCA, principle component analysis
- Pollinosis
- SD, standard deviation
- SIT, allergen-specific immunotherapy
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle
- TSP, 3-trimethylsilyl-propionic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Zhou
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, PR China.,Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jin-Lu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Kai Guan
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Wangfujing Dongcheng District, Dongcheng, Beijing, 100730, PR China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
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16
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Nie J, Li Y, Xing J, Chao J, Qin X, Li Z. Comparison of two types of vinegar with different aging times by NMR-based metabolomic approach. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12835. [PMID: 31353520 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Shanxi vinegar (SV) is well known as the most famous vinegar for its distinctive processing technique in China. Aging is the most important process for SV, and we call the vinegar aging more than 1-year Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV) and less than 1-year Shanxi mature vinegar (SMV). In this study, the chemical compositions and in vivo difference between SAV and SMV were compared by NMR based metabolomic profiling technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicated that most of the metabolites exhibited higher concentrations in SAV than those in SMV¸ and the amino acids showed higher concentration ratio than the other compounds. The changes of endogenous metabolites after treatment with SMV and SAV were also investigated. Compared with the chemical differences, the differences of metabolomic changes between SAV and SMV were relatively minor. This study provides a valuable approach for accurately evaluating the differences of food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Vinegar is commonly consumed as the important seasoning. SV, which is made from several kinds of cereal by solid-state fermentation techniques, is one of the famous vinegars in China. Aging is the most important process for SV which dividing vinegar into SAV and SMV according to the aging time. Due to the long aging process, the price of SAV is much higher than that of SMV in the market place. However, no investigation was conducted to compare their differences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Nie
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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17
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Zhang CE, Liang LJ, Yu XH, Wu H, Tu PF, Ma ZJ, Zhao KJ. Quality assessment of Astragali Radix from different production areas by simultaneous determination of thirteen major compounds using tandem UV/charged aerosol detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 165:233-241. [PMID: 30557781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To identify more chemical markers for improving the quality standard and evaluate producing areas differentiation of Astragali Radix (AR), a simple, low-cost and reliable chromatography method based on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detector and charged aerosol detector (CAD) for separation of 13 major chemical components, including 8 flavonoids and 5 astragalosides in AR extract, was developed. The contents of 13 compounds in total of 27 herb samples, collected from different cultivating regions, were determined and compared. Moreover, chemometric analysis techniques with principal component constituent analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to discriminate the samples from different producing areas. As a result, an obvious linkage between the content of components and collecting areas was found. Results showed that the content of astragaloside III and astragaloside IV could be used to differentiate samples collected from Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi Province, suggesting that they should be added as the chemical marker for further investigation on the pharmacological actions and the quality control of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-En Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Juan Liang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Kui-Jun Zhao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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18
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Influence of Metabolite Extraction Methods on 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Enteropathogenic Yersinia. Methods Protoc 2018. [PMCID: PMC6481057 DOI: 10.3390/mps1040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite extraction is one of the critical steps in microbial metabolome analysis. It affects both the observed metabolite content and biological interpretation of the data. Several methods exist for metabolite extraction of microbes, but the literature is not consistent regarding the sample model, adequacy, and performance of each method. In this study, an optimal extraction protocol for Yersinia intracellular metabolites was investigated. The effect of five extraction protocols consisting of different extraction solvent systems (60% methanol, 100% methanol, acetonitrile/methanol/water (2:2:1), chloroform/methanol/water (2:1:1), and 60% ethanol) on Yersinia metabolic profiles were compared. The number of detected peaks, sample-to-sample variation, and metabolite yield were used as criteria. Extracted metabolites were analyzed by 1H-NMR and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) multivariate statistics. The extraction protocol using 100% methanol as the extraction solvent provided the highest number of detected peaks for both Yersinia species analyzed, yielding more spectral information. Together with the reproducibility and spectrum quality, 100% methanol extraction was suitable for intracellular metabolite extraction from both species. However, depending on the metabolites of interest, other solvents might be more suitable for future studies, as distinct profiles were observed amongst the extraction methods.
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19
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Xu C, Wang Y, Rezeng C, Zhang L, Zhao B, Wang X, Wu X, Li Z, Chen J. Tissue metabolomics study to reveal the toxicity of a traditional Tibetan medicine 'Renqing Changjue' in rats. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37652-37664. [PMID: 35558588 PMCID: PMC9089440 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renqing Changjue (RQCJ), a precious Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM), has been widely used in the management of diseases of the digestive system, toxinosis and pyreticosis. However, in the formula, a significant level of heavy metals, which are potential toxic elements, are present. Therefore, it is important to assess the toxicity of RQCJ dynamically and holistically. In the present study, a 1H NMR metabolomics approach and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were implemented to analyze the samples of liver, kidney and spleen from rats treated with RQCJ. The results revealed that 9 metabolites in the liver, 13 metabolites in the kidney and 16 metabolites in the spleen were significantly altered, which suggest that disturbances in TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and oxidative stress are produced by successive administration of RQCJ over 15 days. Complemented by histopathology and biochemical assay, the trends of the metabolite levels indicate that RQCJ caused tissue injury to a certain extent, which was evidenced by the high levels of As and Hg in the tissue. The toxic effects of RQCJ were alleviated in liver and kidney during the recovery period, and RQCJ may cause long-term damage in spleen. These findings provide a significant experimental proof on the estimated safety and valuable information about the metabolism of RQCJ, which will be valuable in determining the health risks of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Caidan Rezeng
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities UniversityNo. 3 Bayizhong RoadXining810000PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineNo. 11 Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029PR China+86-010-64286283+86-010-64286508
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Xiuyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityNo. 105, Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100048PR China+86-10-68902687+86-10-68902655
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineNo. 11 Beisanhuandonglu, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029PR China+86-010-64286283+86-010-64286508
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20
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Feng Y, Jing Z, Li Y, Lv S, Li W, Cai G, Yang D, Wang Y. Screening anaphylactoid components of Shuang Huang Lian Injection by analyzing spectrum-effect relationships coupled with UPLC-TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4376. [PMID: 30168866 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Shuang Huang Lian Injection (SHLI) has been used in China for over 30 years as an effective and widely used Chinese herbal prescription to treat acute respiratory infectious. SHLI has, however, caused many severe anaphylactoid reactions. It is important to identify the potential anaphylactoid components of SHLI. Spectrum-effect relationships were used to explore potentially anaphylactoid components. Based on the original herbal formula, honeysuckle, Fructus Forsythiae and Radix Scutellariae extracts were prepared and combined in appropriate proportions. The preparations were then injected into the caudal vein of rats to obtain in vivo serum samples for pharmacological evaluation and fingerprint analysis. The release rate of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells and plasma histamine level was used as the pharmacological index. Chromatographic fingerprint analysis identified 22 common peaks. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological effects and identified peaks 5, 6, 11, 12 and 17 as likely anaphylactoid agents. The correlated peaks were identified by comparing the fingerprints with in vitro samples and reference standard samples and the structure was identified by UPLC-TOF-MS. This study established a prospective method to clarify the anaphylactoid components in SHLI, which would provide guidances for screening anaphylactoid components in other traditional Chinese medicine injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongxu Jing
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shaowa Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weinan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guofeng Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Danqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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21
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Progress in Metabonomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071834. [PMID: 30041493 PMCID: PMC6100487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and a change in lifestyle, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Its etiology is too complex to be completely understand yet. Metabonomics techniques are used to study the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways before and after the onset of diabetes and make it more possible to further understand the pathogenesis of T2DM and improve its prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we summarized the metabonomics study of T2DM in recent years and provided a theoretical basis for the study of pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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22
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Zhou YZ, Yan ML, Gao L, Zhang JQ, Qin XM, Zhang X, Du GH. Metabonomics approach to assessing the metabolism variation and gender gap of Drosophila melanogaster in aging process. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Multi-Dimensional Spectrum-Effect Relationship of the Impact of Chinese Herbal Formula Lichong Shengsui Yin on Ovarian Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060979. [PMID: 28608834 PMCID: PMC6152777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichong Shengsui Yin (LCSSY) is an effective and classic compound prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. To investigate its pharmacodynamic basis for treating ovarian cancer, the multi-dimensional spectrum-effect relationship was determined. Four compositions (I to IV) were obtained by extracting LCSSY successively with supercritical CO2 fluid extraction, 75% ethanol reflux extraction, and the water extraction-ethanol precipitation method. Nine samples for pharmacological evaluation and fingerprint analysis were prepared by changing the content of the four compositions. The specific proportions of the four compositions were designed according to a four-factor, three-level L9(34) orthogonal test. The pharmacological evaluation included in vitro tumor inhibition experiments and the survival extension rate in tumor-bearing nude mice. The fingerprint analyzed by chromatographic condition I (high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detec tor,HPLC-PDA) identified 19 common peaks. High-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-Evaporative Light-scattering Detector (HPLC-PDA-ELSD )hyphenated techniques were used to compensate for the use of a single detector, and the fingerprint analyzed by chromatographic condition II identified 28 common peaks in PDA and 23 common peaks in ELSD. Furthermore, multiple statistical analyses were utilized to calculate the relationships between the peaks and the pharmacological results. The union of the regression and the correlation analysis results were the peaks of X5, X9, X11, X12, X16, X18, Y5, Y8, Y12, Y14, Y20, Z4, Z5, Z6, and Z8. The intersection of the regression and the correlation analysis results were the peaks of X11, X12, X16, X18, Y5, Y12, and Z5. The correlated peaks were assigned by comparing the fingerprints with the negative control samples and reference standard samples, and identifying the structure using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detector(HPLC-MS). The results suggested that the pharmacodynamic basis of LCSSY on anti-ovarian cancer activities were germacrone, furandiene, β-elemene, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, epimedin B, icariin, ginsenoside Rc, astragaloside, ginsenoside Rd, astragaloside II, and some unknown components.
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Wang EB, Jin BF, Li X, Liu RL, Xie XR, Guo WF, Zheng HX, Zhao ZB. Comparative analysis between aerial parts and roots (Astragali Radix) of astragalus membranaceus by NMR-based metabolomics. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1332007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Er-Bing Wang
- Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Fen Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Fuyong People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology of Shanxi medical college for continuing education, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ran Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xia Zheng
- Department of Pathology of First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bao Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Xing J, Sun HM, Jia JP, Qin XM, Li ZY. Integrative hepatoprotective efficacy comparison of raw and vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri using nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:215-222. [PMID: 28219798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radix Bupleuri (RB), with a Chinese name Chaihu, is one of the most popular Traditional Chinese herbal drug. It can be baked with vinegar to afford vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB), which is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for liver diseases treatment. In the present study, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach was used to compare the liver protective effect of RB and two types of VBRBs, which were prepared by two kinds of vinegar. The contents of 14 metabolites in the liver of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated mice were significantly altered in comparison with control group, and VBRB prepared by Shanxi vinegar showed best effect as revealed by the amount and regulatory degree of the perturbed metabolites. The metabolism pathways analysis showed that the liver protective effect was related with the energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, ketone body metabolism, glutathione metabolism, amino acids metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. The results presented here showed that metabolomic approach made it possible to disclose the subtle biological difference between two types of VBRB, which highlight the potential of metabolomic approach to quantitatively compare the pharmacological effect of the herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xing
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ping Jia
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Song L, Li X, Bai XX, Gao J, Wang CY. Calycosin improves cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by activating the protein kinase C pathway. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1870-1876. [PMID: 29239334 PMCID: PMC5745842 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The major pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease are beta amyloid deposits and cognitive impairment. Calycosin is a typical phytoestrogen derived from radix astragali that binds to estrogen receptors to produce estrogen-like effects. Radix astragali Calycosin has been shown to relieve cognitive impairment induced by diabetes mellitus, suggesting calycosin may improve the cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease patients. The protein kinase C pathway is upstream of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating Alzheimer's disease-related beta amyloid degradation. We hypothesized that calycosin improves the cognitive function of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by activating the protein kinase C pathway. Various doses of calycosin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected into APP/PS1 transgenic mice that model Alzheimer's disease. Calycosin diminished hippocampal beta amyloid, Tau protein, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels in a dose-dependent manner, and increased acetylcholine and glutathione activities. The administration of a protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C, abolished the neuroprotective effects of calycosin including improving cognitive ability, and anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Our data demonstrated that calycosin mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model mice by activating the protein kinase C pathway, and thereby improving cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Bai
- Cadre's Ward, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Cadre's Ward, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Li J, Gao W, Gao J, Li H, Zhang X, Qin X, Li Z. Metabolomics reveal the protective effect of Farfarae Flos against asthma using an OVA-induced rat model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1H NMR based metabolomics approach combined with biochemical assay and histopathological inspection has been employed to study the protective effect of PEFF against asthma on a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Head & Neck Surgery
- The First Hospital Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jining Gao
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
- Taiyuan 030000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine
- Taiyuan 030000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Center for Regulatory Environmental Analytical Metabolomics
- University of Louisville
- USA
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhong LJ, Hua YL, Ji P, Yao WL, Zhang WQ, Li J, Wei YM. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oils from processed products of Angelica sinensis radix by GC-MS-based metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:195-205. [PMID: 27292195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (AS) a commonly used herbal, always act as an anti-inflammatory drug in Chinese traditional therapy. In clinical use, AS is always processed before being used for the reason that processing can increase its therapeutic effect. Recent studies have shown that volatile oil of AS (VOAS), an important component in AS, has evident anti-inflammatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, our aim is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile oils from processed products of AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, volatile oils from stir-fried AS (C-VOAS), parched AS with alcohol (J-VOAS), parched AS with soil (T-VOAS), and parched AS with sesame oil (Y-VOAS) were applied to intervene the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model rats. GC-MS based metabolomics was utilized to determine different metabolites in the inflammatory exudate and plasma samples. RESULTS The results showed that VOASs could significantly inhibit the release of PGE2, HIS, 5-HT and TNF-α, among which C-VOAS and J-VOAS expressed better effect. Otherwise, 14 potential biomarkers were identified respectively in inflammatory exudate and plasma, which changed highly significantly (P<0.01) in C-VOAS and J-VOAS groups. CONCLUSIONS We inferred that the anti-inflammatory effect of C-VOAS and J-VOAS were superior to other VOASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jia Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Zhang ZZ, Fan ML, Hao X, Qin XM, Li ZY. Integrative drug efficacy assessment of Danggui and European Danggui using NMR-based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Niu QY, Li ZY, Du GH, Qin XM. 1 H NMR based metabolomic profiling revealed doxorubicin-induced systematic alterations in a rat model. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 118:338-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Qu T, Wang E, Li A, Du G, Li Z, Qin X. NMR based metabolomic approach revealed cyclophosphamide-induced systematic alterations in a rat model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1H NMR based metabolomics approach combined with biochemical assay had been employed to study the toxicity of CY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Qu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University
- Taiyuan 030001
| | - Erbing Wang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - GuanHua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- People's Republic of China
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Li K, Hao X, Gao F, Wang G, Zhang Z, Du G, Qin X. Identification of Cultured and Natural Astragalus Root Based on Monosaccharide Mapping. Molecules 2015; 20:16466-90. [PMID: 26378510 PMCID: PMC6331963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main substances responsible for immunomodulatory activity, saccharides can be used as quality indicators for Astragalus root (RA). Saccharide content is commonly determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, which lacks species specificity and has not been applied in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Monosaccharide mapping based on trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis can be used for quantitative analysis of saccharide compositions. In addition, species specificity can be evaluated by analysis of the mapping characteristics. In this study, monosaccharide mapping of soluble saccharides in the cytoplasm and polysaccharides in the cell wall of 24 batches of RA samples with different growth patterns were obtained based on TFA hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated that the mapping and the molar ratios of saccharide compositions of the cultured and natural RA samples were different for both cytoplasm and cell wall. For example, the molar ratio of mannose and arabinose was more than 3.5:1 in cytoplasm in cultured RA, whereas the ratio was less than 3.5:1 in natural RA. This research not only lays a foundation for screening indicators for RA, but also provided new ways of evaluating the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in which saccharides are the main bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xia Hao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fanrong Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guanhua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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