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Pei P, Guo W, Qi M, Jiang J, Feng S, Luo SZ, Chen L. Identification of low-abundance proteins in the royal jelly using the Osborne classification method. J Proteomics 2024; 306:105266. [PMID: 39053808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is recognized as healthy food, with a high content of proteins. These proteins play important roles in honeybee caste and human health, but the proteomic analysis of low-abundance proteins in RJ has long been a challenge. Herein, we used the Osborne classification method to separate the RJ proteins of Xinjiang black bees into various fractions. The globulin, ethanol-soluble protein, and glutelin fractions were further separated by SDS-PAGE, and proteomic analysis was carried out by LC-MS/MS and searched against the UniProt database. A total of 23 secretory proteins were identified by proteomic analysis, in which 7 proteins were identified for the first time in RJ. The Osborne classification method combining one-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis allows the identification of low-abundance proteins in the RJ and greatly extends the knowledge about the components and functions of RJ proteins. The raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023315. SIGNIFICANCE: This study makes an important contribution to the research of the components and functions of low-abundance royal jelly proteins for the following reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenxu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingxue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Shan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Biomedical Research Core Facility, Center for Research Equipment and Facilities, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Royal Jelly: Biological Action and Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6023. [PMID: 38892209 PMCID: PMC11172503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a highly nutritious natural product with great potential for use in medicine, cosmetics, and as a health-promoting food. This bee product is a mixture of important compounds, such as proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals, hormones, neurotransmitters, flavonoids, and polyphenols, that underlie the remarkable biological and therapeutic activities of RJ. Various bioactive molecules like 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), antibacterial protein, apisin, the major royal jelly proteins, and specific peptides such as apisimin, royalisin, royalactin, apidaecin, defensin-1, and jelleins are characteristic ingredients of RJ. RJ shows numerous physiological and pharmacological properties, including vasodilatory, hypotensive, antihypercholesterolaemic, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, estrogenic, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporotic, and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, RJ may reduce menopause symptoms and improve the health of the reproductive system, liver, and kidneys, and promote wound healing. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RJ in various diseases, aging, and aging-related complications, with special emphasis on the bioactive components of RJ and their health-promoting properties. The data presented should be an incentive for future clinical studies that hopefully will advance our knowledge about the therapeutic potential of RJ and facilitate the development of novel RJ-based therapeutic opportunities for improving human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Protein Dynamics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Yan CY, Zhu QQ, Guan CX, Xiong GL, Chen XX, Gong HB, Li JW, Ouyang SH, Kurihara H, Li YF, He RR. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Hydrolyzed Royal Jelly Peptide in Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Implications for Skin Health and Care Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:496. [PMID: 38790362 PMCID: PMC11118532 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrolyzed royal jelly peptide (RJP) has garnered attention for its health-promoting functions. However, the potential applications of RJP in skincare have not been fully explored. In this study, we prepared RJP through the enzymatic hydrolysis of royal jelly protein with trypsin and investigated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Our results demonstrate that RJP effectively inhibits oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and lipid peroxidation triggered by AAPH and t-BuOOH in HDFs. This effect may be attributed to the ability of RJP to enhance the level of glutathione and the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 4, as well as its excellent iron chelating capacity. Furthermore, RJP modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response in HDFs, suppressing the mRNA expressions of NLRP3 and IL-1β in the primer stage induced by LPS and the release of mature IL-1β induced by ATP, monosodium urate, or nigericin in the activation stage. RJP also represses the expressions of COX2 and iNOS induced by LPS. Finally, we reveal that RJP exhibits superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties over unhydrolyzed royal jelly protein. These findings suggest that RJP exerts protective effects on skin cells through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, indicating its promise for potential therapeutic avenues for managing oxidative stress and inflammation-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Qian-Qian Zhu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Cheng-Xi Guan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Gui-Lan Xiong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Xin-Xing Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Hai-Biao Gong
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Lihe (Zhuhai Hengqin) Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519031, China
- Lihe (Macao) Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Macao 999078, China
| | - Shu-Hua Ouyang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities Joint Laboratory for the Internationalization of TCM/Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE)/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China (H.K.)
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4
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Šuran J, Radić B, Trevisan-Silva D, Cindrić M, Hozić A. First Proteome Analysis of Poplar-Type Propolis. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:83-89. [PMID: 38048032 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural mixture of honeybee-released and plant-derived compounds produced by honeybees. Poplar propolis is rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds, and due to its many health benefits, it is commonly used as a food supplement or functional food ingredient. However, it is the only honeybee product whose proteome hasn't been analyzed. Here, we report a first proteome analysis of poplar-type propolis, a challenging glue-type resinous sample for protein characterization. Raw propolis mixture was precipitated with cold acetone to obtain the protein fraction. Proteins were digested with trypsin, and generated peptides were analyzed on nano-ESI-qTOF SYNAPT G2-Si mass spectrometer (MS) by data-independent acquisition (DIA) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA). Identified peptides and inferred proteins suggest the presence of new bioactive molecules as components of propolis. The poplar-type propolis proteome is composed of a mixture of proteins from the Apis and Populus genera. This is the first-ever report of the proteome of any type of propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Šuran
- Apiotix Technologies, Split, Croatia.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | - Mario Cindrić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amela Hozić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Al-U'datt DGF, Alu'datt MH, Tranchant CC, Al-Dwairi A, Al-Shboul O, Almajwal A, Elsalem L, Jaradat S, Alzoubi KH, Faleh BG, Ahmed YB, Alqbelat J. Royal jelly mediates fibrotic signaling, collagen cross-linking and cell proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114922. [PMID: 37236025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a multifunctional bee product with a unique composition and wide-ranging biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Still, little is known about the possible myocardial protective properties of RJ. Considering that sonication could enhance RJ bioactivity, this study aimed to assess the effects of non-sonicated (NS) and sonicated (S) RJ on fibrotic signaling, cell proliferation, and collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. S-RJ was produced by ultrasonication at 20 kHz. Ventricular fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rats were cultured and treated with different concentrations of NS-RJ or S-RJ (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µg/well). S-RJ significantly depressed the expression levels of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) mRNA across all the concentrations tested and was inversely associated with the expression of this profibrotic marker. S-RJ and NS-RJ displayed distinct dose-dependent effects on mRNA expression of several other profibrotic, proliferation, and apoptotic markers. Unlike NS-RJ, S-RJ elicited strong negative dose-dependent relationships with the expression of profibrotic markers (TG2, COL1A1, COL3A1, FN1, CTGF, MMP-2, α-SMA, TGF-β1, CX43, periostin), as well as proliferation (CCND1) and apoptotic (BAX, BAX/BCL-2) markers, indicating that RJ dose-response effects were significantly modified by sonification. NS-RJ and S-RJ increased the content of soluble collagen, while decreasing collagen cross-linking. Collectively, these findings show that S-RJ has a greater range of action than NS-RJ for downregulating the expression of biomarkers associated with cardiac fibrosis. Reduced biomarker expression and collagen cross-linkages upon cardiac fibroblast treatment with specific concentrations of S-RJ or NS-RJ suggests putative roles and mechanisms by which RJ may confer some protection against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Belal G Faleh
- General Surgery Department, Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yaman B Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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6
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Paget BW, Kleffmann T, Whiteman KE, Thomas MF, McMahon CD. Quantitative comparison of manuka and clover honey proteomes with royal jelly. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272898. [PMID: 36763642 PMCID: PMC9916596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly and honey are two substances produced successively by the worker bee caste. Modern proteomics approaches have been used to explore the protein component of each substance independently, but to date none have quantitatively compared the protein profile of honey and royal jelly directly. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) was used to compare protein quantities of bee origin in mānuka and clover honey to royal jelly. Two analysis techniques identified 76 proteins in total. Peptide intensity was directly compared for a subset of 31 proteins that were identified with high confidence, and the relative changes in protein abundance were compared between each honey type and royal jelly. Major Royal Jelly Proteins (MRJPs) had similar profiles in both honeys, except MRJP6, which was significantly more abundant in clover honey. Proteins involved in nectar metabolism were more abundant in honey than in royal jelly as expected. However, the trend revealed a potential catalytic role for MRJP6 in clover honey and a nectar- or honey-specific role for uncharacterised protein LOC408608. The abundance of MRJP6 in mānuka honey was equivalent to royal jelly suggesting a potential effect of nectar type on expression of this protein. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD038889.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake W. Paget
- Hamilton Laboratory, ManukaMed LP, Masterton, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Division of Health Sciences, Research Infrastructure Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Mark F. Thomas
- Hamilton Laboratory, ManukaMed LP, Masterton, New Zealand
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Akyıldız İE, Erdem Ö, Raday S, Daştan T, Acar S, Uzunöner D, Düz G, Damarlı E. Elucidating the false positive tendency at AOAC 998.12 C-4 sugar test for pine honey samples: Modified sample preparation method for accurate δ13C measurement of honey proteome. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Mureşan CI, Dezmirean DS, Marc BD, Suharoschi R, Pop OL, Buttstedt A. Biological properties and activities of major royal jelly proteins and their derived peptides. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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9
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Ma C, Ahmat B, Li J. Effect of queen cell numbers on royal jelly production and quality. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1818-1825. [PMID: 36254242 PMCID: PMC9568691 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a popular functional food with a wealth of health-promoting effects. Over 90% of the global RJ is produced in China mainly by a high RJ-producing honeybee (RJB) strain that can accept and feed a great number of queen larvae for RJ production. To elucidate RJ changes due to queen cell numbers (QCNs), we compared the yield, larval acceptance rate, metabolic and proteomic profiles, and antioxidant activities of RJ from 1 to 5 strips of queen cells (64 per strip) in RJB colonies. As QCNs increased, the larval acceptance rate was not found to vary (p = 0.269) whereas the RJ weight per cell began to significantly decline in the 5-strip colonies (p < 0.05). Increased QCNs had a profound impact on RJ metabolic profiles and mainly reduced fatty acid levels. Remarkably, the 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content, a most important indicator of RJ quality, declined gradually from 2.01% in the 1-strip colonies to 1.52% in the 5-strip colonies (p < 0.001). RJ proteomic profiles were minimally altered and antioxidant activities were not significantly changed by QCNs. Collectively, the metabolomics and proteomics data and the antioxidant activity test represent a global evaluation of the quality of RJ produced with different QCNs. Our findings gain new insights into higher-quality RJ production using the high-yielding RJBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianke Li
- Corresponding author. No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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10
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Ma C, Ma B, Li J, Fang Y. Changes in chemical composition and antioxidant activity of royal jelly produced at different floral periods during migratory beekeeping. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111091. [PMID: 35400464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of global royal jelly (RJ), a functional food with various health benefits, is produced in China mainly by migratory beekeeping of a high RJ-producing honeybee (RJB) strain. To explore quality changes of RJ produced by migratory RJBs at different floral periods, we performed metabolomics and proteomics analysis and assessed RJ antioxidant activity. Overall, the RJ metabolic and proteomic profiles were observed to vary with floral periods. Minor sugars (raffinose, erlose, and sucrose) and major RJ protein 5 (MRJP5) were identified among the discriminating components mainly contributing to the altered profiles. Water, crude protein, and the trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) content fulfill the requirements of the International Organization for Standardization regardless of floral periods. Notably, the 10-HDA content increased 11.05%-19.65% during tea blooming. Moreover, changes in antioxidants resulted in significant difference in RJ antioxidant activity. The integrated omics data provide a detailed view of chemical composition for RJ quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ma
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Beibei Ma
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Fahad Raza M, Anwar M, Husain A, Rizwan M, Li Z, Nie H, Hlaváč P, Ali MA, Rady A, Su S. Differential gene expression analysis following olfactory learning in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262441. [PMID: 35139088 PMCID: PMC8827436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects change their stimulus-response through the perception of associating these stimuli with important survival events such as rewards, threats, and mates. Insects develop strong associations and relate them to their experiences through several behavioral procedures. Among the insects, Apis species, Apis mellifera ligustica are known for their outstanding ability to learn with tremendous economic importance. Apis mellifera ligustica has a strong cognitive ability and promising model species for investigating the neurobiological basis of remarkable olfactory learning abilities. Here we evaluated the olfactory learning ability of A. mellifera by using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) protocol. The brains of the learner and failed-learner bees were examined for comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq to explain the difference in the learning capacity. In this study, we used an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm in the same age of A. mellifera bees to examine the differential gene expression in the brain of the learner and failed-learner. Bees that respond in 2nd and 3rd trials or only responded to 3rd trials were defined as learned bees, failed-learner individuals were those bees that did not respond in all learning trials The results indicate that the learning ability of learner bees was significantly higher than failed-learner bees for 12 days. We obtained approximately 46.7 and 46.4 million clean reads from the learner bees failed-learner bees, respectively. Gene expression profile between learners' bees and failed-learners bees identified 74 differentially expressed genes, 57 genes up-regulated in the brains of learners and 17 genes were down-regulated in the brains of the bees that fail to learn. The qRT-PCR validated the differently expressed genes. Transcriptome analyses revealed that specific genes in learner and failed-learner bees either down-regulated or up-regulated play a crucial role in brain development and learning behavior. Our finding suggests that down-regulated genes of the brain involved in the integumentary system, storage proteins, brain development, sensory processing, and neurodegenerative disorder may result in reduced olfactory discrimination and olfactory sensitivity in failed-learner bees. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the olfactory learning behavior and gene expression information, which opens the door for understanding of the molecular mechanism of olfactory learning behavior in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fahad Raza
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arif Husain
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Rizwan
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Nie
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pavol Hlaváč
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Li S, Tao L, Yu X, Zheng H, Wu J, Hu F. Royal Jelly Proteins and Their Derived Peptides: Preparation, Properties, and Biological Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14415-14427. [PMID: 34807598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Royal jelly, also called bee milk, is a source of high-quality proteins. Royal jelly proteins serve as not only a rich source of essential amino acids and functional donors but also an excellent substrate for preparing bioactive peptides. Most naturally occurring bioactive peptides in royal jelly are antibacterial, while peptides derived from proteolytic reactions are shown to exert antihypertensive, antioxidative, and anti-aging activities. Further studies are warranted to characterize the functional properties of major royal jelly proteins and peptides, to explore the preparation of bioactive peptides and the potential novel activities, to improve their bioavailability, to enhance the production efficiency for commercial availability, and finally to open up new applications for royal jelly as a functional food and potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchen Tao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lin Y, Zhang M, Lin T, Wang L, Wang G, Chen T, Su S. Royal jelly from different floral sources possesses distinct wound-healing mechanisms and ingredient profiles. Food Funct 2021; 12:12059-12076. [PMID: 34783324 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00586c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, population aging together with the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity has fuelled a surge in the instances of cutaneous non-healing wounds. Royal jelly (RJ) is a traditional remedy for wound repair; however, the subjacent mechanisms and ingredient profiles are still largely unknown. Our previous study found that Castanea mollissima Bl. RJ (CmRJ-Zj) possessed superior wound healing-promoting effects on both the in vivo and in vitro models than Brassica napus L. RJ (BnRJ-Zj). This study conducted an in-depth investigation on the wound-repairing mechanisms of CmRJ-Zj and BnRJ-Zj to explain the previously observed phenomenon and also comprehensively characterized their constituents. It was found that chestnut RJ could enhance cutaneous wound healing by boosting the growth and mobility of keratinocytes, modulating the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), regulating MAPK and calcium pathways, and mediating inflammatory responses. By employing LC-MS/MS-based proteomic and metabolomic techniques, the comprehensive molecules present in CmRJ-Zj and BnRJ-Zj were elucidated, resulting in a clear discrimination from each other. A total of 15 and 631 differential proteins and compounds were identified, and 217 proteins were newly found in RJ proteome. With bioinformatic functional analysis, we speculated that some differential components were responsible for the wound-healing properties of CmRJ-Zj. Therefore, this study provides an insight into the wound-healing mechanisms of RJ and is the first to explore the compositions of RJ from different nectar plants. It will facilitate the development of therapeutic agents from RJ to treat difficult-to-heal wounds and the distinction of different RJ categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tianxing Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Luying Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guanggao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Apicultural Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330052, China
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Songkun Su
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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14
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Nader RA, Mackieh R, Wehbe R, El Obeid D, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:717. [PMID: 34203716 PMCID: PMC8232087 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are one of the most marvelous and economically beneficial insects. As pollinators, they play a vital role in every aspect of the ecosystem. Beehive products have been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. Their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts like the Noble Quran and the Holy Bible. Honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly all demonstrated a richness in their bioactive compounds which make them effective against a variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, many studies showed that honey and bee venom work as powerful antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria including life-threatening bacteria. Several reports documented the biological activities of honeybee products but none of them emphasized on the antibacterial activity of all beehive products. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antibacterial activity of honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly, that are produced by honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Abou Nader
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rawan Mackieh
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rim Wehbe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Dany El Obeid
- Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Beirut 2832, Lebanon;
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, CEDEX 15, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
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15
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Mining the Royal Jelly Proteins: Combinatorial Hexapeptide Ligand Library Significantly Improves the MS-Based Proteomic Identification in Complex Biological Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26092762. [PMID: 34067143 PMCID: PMC8125745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a complex, creamy secretion produced by the glands of worker bees. Due to its health-promoting properties, it is used by humans as a dietary supplement. However, RJ compounds are not fully characterized yet. Hence, in this research, we aimed to broaden the knowledge of the proteomic composition of fresh RJ. Water extracts of the samples were pre-treated using combinatorial hexapeptide ligand libraries (ProteoMinerTM kit), trypsin-digested, and analyzed by a nanoLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS system. To check the ProteoMinerTM performance in the MS-based protein identification, we also examined RJ extracts that were not prepared with the ProteoMinerTM kit. We identified a total of 86 proteins taxonomically classified to Apis spp. (bees). Among them, 74 proteins were detected in RJ extracts pre-treated with ProteoMinerTM kit, and only 50 proteins were found in extracts non-enriched with this technique. Ten of the identified features were hypothetical proteins whose existence has been predicted, but any experimental evidence proves their in vivo expression. Additionally, we detected four uncharacterized proteins of unknown functions. The results of this research indicate that the ProteoMinerTM strategy improves proteomic identification in complex biological samples. Broadening the knowledge of RJ composition may contribute to the development of standards and regulations, enhancing the quality of RJ, and consequently, the safety of its supplementation.
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16
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Harwood G, Salmela H, Freitak D, Amdam G. Social immunity in honey bees: royal jelly as a vehicle in transferring bacterial pathogen fragments between nestmates. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:238089. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Social immunity is a suite of behavioral and physiological traits that allow colony members to protect one another from pathogens, and includes the oral transfer of immunological compounds between nestmates. In honey bees, royal jelly is a glandular secretion produced by a subset of workers that is fed to the queen and young larvae, and which contains many antimicrobial compounds. A related form of social immunity, transgenerational immune priming (TGIP), allows queens to transfer pathogen fragments into their developing eggs, where they are recognized by the embryo's immune system and induce higher pathogen resistance in the new offspring. These pathogen fragments are transported by vitellogenin (Vg), an egg-yolk precursor protein that is also used by nurses to synthesize royal jelly. Therefore, royal jelly may serve as a vehicle to transport pathogen fragments from workers to other nestmates. To investigate this, we recently showed that ingested bacteria are transported to nurses' jelly-producing glands, and here, we show that pathogen fragments are incorporated into the royal jelly. Moreover, we show that consuming pathogen cells induces higher levels of an antimicrobial peptide found in royal jelly, defensin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Harwood
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Heli Salmela
- Department of Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dalial Freitak
- Institute of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Graz, A8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gro Amdam
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway
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17
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Uversky VN, Albar AH, Khan RH, Redwan EM. Multifunctionality and intrinsic disorder of royal jelly proteome. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000237. [PMID: 33463023 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Royal Jelly (RJ) is a gelatinous white-yellowish fluid, possessing a sour taste and a slight phenolic smell that is secreted by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular salivary glands of the nurse honeybees, and is used in nutrition of larvae and adult queens. Similar to other substances associated with the activities of honeybees, RJ not only contains nutritive components, such as carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, lipids, vitamins, and mineral salts, but also represents a natural ingredient with cosmetic and health-promoting properties. RJ is characterized by remarkable multifunctionality, possessing numerous biological activities. Although this multifunctionality of RJ can be considered as a consequence of its complex nature, many proteins and peptides in RJ are polyfunctional entities themselves. In this article, we show that RJ proteins contain different levels of intrinsic disorder, have sites of post-translational modifications, can be found in multiple isoforms, and many of them possess disorder-based binding sites, suggesting that the conformational ensembles of the RJ proteins might undergo change as a result of their interaction with specific binding partners. All these observations suggest that the multifunctionality of proteins and peptides from RJ is determined by their structural heterogeneity and polymorphism, and serve as an illustration of the protein structure-function continuum concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia.,Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.,Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan H Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Collazo N, Carpena M, Nuñez-Estevez B, Otero P, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Health Promoting Properties of Bee Royal Jelly: Food of the Queens. Nutrients 2021; 13:543. [PMID: 33562330 PMCID: PMC7915653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) demand is growing every year and so is the market for functional foods in general. RJ is formed by different substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, but also vitamins, minerals, and phenolic or volatile compounds in lower proportion. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) are, together with 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), key substances of RJ due to their different biological properties. In particular, 10-HDA is a unique substance in this product. RJ has been historically employed as health enhancer and is still very relevant in China due to the traditional medicine and the apitherapy. Nowadays, it is mainly consumed as a functional food or is found in supplements and other formulations for its health-beneficial properties. Within these properites, anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiaging, and estrogenic activities have been reported for RJ or its specific components. This manuscript is aimed at reviewing the current knowledge on RJ components, their assessment in terms of authenticity, their biological activities, and related health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collazo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Bernabe Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.C.); (M.C.); (B.N.-E.); (P.O.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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19
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Minegaki N, Koshizuka T, Nishina S, Kondo H, Takahashi K, Sugiyama T, Inoue N. The Carboxyl-Terminal Penta-Peptide Repeats of Major Royal Jelly Protein 3 Enhance Cell Proliferation. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1911-1916. [PMID: 33268709 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is known as an important functional foodstuff that promotes several health benefits and contains various bioactive substances, including major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Among the MRJPs, MRJP3 possesses both cell proliferation and wound healing effects. As the carboxyl domain of MRJP3 contains tandem penta-peptide repeat (TPR) sequences unique to MRJP3 among the MRJPs, we purified the TPRs as glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins and demonstrated their dose-dependent effects on THP-1 and Vero cell proliferation. The GST-TPR protein with 19 repeats (GST-TPR19) showed cell proliferative activity equivalent to MRJP3 and higher than GST-TPR6. GST-TPR19 also exhibited wound healing activity at a level similar to MRJP3. Digestion of GST-TPR19 with trypsin had no effect on its cell proliferative activity, suggesting that the main digested products; i.e., penta-peptides (Q-N-x-N-[K/R]), maintain the cell proliferative ability of MRJP3. In conclusion, the TPRs of MRJP3 are critical to the beneficial effect(s) of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Minegaki
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tetsuo Koshizuka
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University
| | - Saeka Nishina
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hiroki Kondo
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Naoki Inoue
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University
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20
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Yuan Y, Wang W, Fan R, Jiang J, Feng S, Yin H, Luo SZ, Chen L. Ethanol-soluble proteins from the royal jelly of Xinjiang black bees. Protein Sci 2020; 30:291-296. [PMID: 33131155 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly is a nutritious food that has beneficial effects to human health. However, the functional substances remain unclear. Herein, we fractioned the royal jelly proteins of Xinjing black bees according to the Osboren method. Two main proteins from the ethanol-soluble fraction were purified and identified. RJG-1 was determined as glucosylceramidase, and RJG-2 was major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1). RJG-1 showed potent cytotoxicity toward various mammalian cells, and caused quick disruption of cell membranes. With glucosylceramidase activity, RJG-1 may degrade the glucosylceramide of the cell membranes and disrupt the membrane structure, thereby resulting in cell necrosis. This study extends our knowledge about the composition and function of royal jelly, and is significant for the application of royal jelly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wujun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruru Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwei Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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21
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Smith EA, Newton ILG. Genomic Signatures of Honey Bee Association in an Acetic Acid Symbiont. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1882-1894. [PMID: 32870981 PMCID: PMC7664317 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent declines in the health of the honey bee have startled researchers and lay people alike as honey bees are agriculture's most important pollinator. Honey bees are important pollinators of many major crops and add billions of dollars annually to the US economy through their services. One factor that may influence colony health is the microbial community. Indeed, the honey bee worker digestive tract harbors a characteristic community of bee-specific microbes, and the composition of this community is known to impact honey bee health. However, the honey bee is a superorganism, a colony of eusocial insects with overlapping generations where nestmates cooperate, building a hive, gathering and storing food, and raising brood. In contrast to what is known regarding the honey bee worker gut microbiome, less is known of the microbes associated with developing brood, with food stores, and with the rest of the built hive environment. More recently, the microbe Bombella apis was identified as associated with nectar, with developing larvae, and with honey bee queens. This bacterium is related to flower-associated microbes such as Saccharibacter floricola and other species in the genus Saccharibacter, and initial phylogenetic analyses placed it as sister to these environmental bacteria. Here, we used comparative genomics of multiple honey bee-associated strains and the nectar-associated Saccharibacter to identify genomic changes that may be associated with the ecological transition to honey bee association. We identified several genomic differences in the honey bee-associated strains, including a complete CRISPR/Cas system. Many of the changes we note here are predicted to confer upon Bombella the ability to survive in royal jelly and defend themselves against mobile elements, including phages. Our results are a first step toward identifying potential function of this microbe in the honey bee superorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Smith
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington
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22
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Han YC, Chiu HF, Ho YT, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Improved bioavailability of EGCG after complexation with royal jelly protein. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13372. [PMID: 32710596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to check whether complexation of royal jelly (RJ) proteins with green tea extract enriched with EGCG, would enhance the bioavailability on C2BBe1 cells. The total phenolic and EGCG of green tea extract (GTex) as well as the protein level of RJ were measured. The best entrapment efficiency (30.47%) was noted at a 10:4 ratio (RJ:EGCG of GTex) to confirm the maximum EGCG-RJ complexation. Followed by in vitro studies to check the cytotoxicity, morphological changes, EGCG uptake, and TBARS (antioxidant) activity were evaluated on C2BBe1 cells. The EGCG-RJ protein complex showed less toxicity without any morphological changes with better cellular EGCG uptake than GTex or GTex-RJ mixture on CeBBe1 cells. Besides, the EGCG-RJ protein complex display maximum TBARS suppressing activity to showcase better stability. This study infers that complexation of RJ proteins with EGCG (EGCG-RJ protein complex) could significantly improve the bioavailability of EGCG. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: EGCG is the major active component of green tea, which is responsible for various biological functions. Previous studies have indicated that complexation of EGCG with proteins (act as a carrier) could considerably improve the bioavailability of EGCG. Hence, the author speculates that complexation or combination of RJ with green tea (EGCG), might improve the bioavailability as well as enhance its biological properties. The outcome of this cell line study showed that the EGCG-RJ protein complex showed better bioavailability than EGCG or GTex, and thus, indicating that this novel complex can be used in the future for better EGCG bioavailability with improved biological function. However, further studies are needed to confirm the types of interaction and the reason for better bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying Ting Ho
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Bălan A, Moga MA, Dima L, Toma S, Elena Neculau A, Anastasiu CV. Royal Jelly-A Traditional and Natural Remedy for Postmenopausal Symptoms and Aging-Related Pathologies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143291. [PMID: 32698461 PMCID: PMC7397171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Women's life stages are based on their reproductive cycle. This cycle begins with menstruation and ends with menopause. Aging is a natural phenomenon that affects all humans, and it is associated with a decrease in the overall function of the organism. In women, aging is related with and starts with menopause. Also, during menopause and postmenopausal period, the risk of various age-related diseases and complaints is higher. For this reason, researchers were pushed to find effective remedies that could promote healthy aging and extended lifespan. Apitherapy is a type of alternative medicine that uses natural products from honeybees, such as honey, propolis, royal jelly, etc. Royal jelly is a natural yellowish-white substance, secreted by both hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees, usually used to feed the queen bees and young worker larvae. Over the centuries, this natural product was considered a gold mine for traditional and natural medicine, due to its miraculous effects. Royal jelly has been used for a long time in commercial medical products. It has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of functional properties, such as: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatative, hypotensive, anticancer, estrogen-like, antihypercholesterolemic, and antioxidant activities. This product is usually used to supplement various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, sexual dysfunctions, diabetes or cancer. The main objective of this study is to highlight the effectiveness of royal jelly supplementation in relieving menopause symptoms and aging-related diseases. We also aimed to review the most recent research advances regarding the composition of royal jelly for a better understanding of the effects on human health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Toma
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (A.E.N.); Tel.: +40-0268-412-185 (S.T. & A.E.N.)
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (A.E.N.); Tel.: +40-0268-412-185 (S.T. & A.E.N.)
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania; (A.B.); (M.A.M.); (C.V.A.)
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Studies of royal jelly and associated cross-reactive allergens in atopic dermatitis patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233707. [PMID: 32484810 PMCID: PMC7266330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ), a creamy substance secreted by honeybees, is the exclusive diet for queen bee differentiation and life maintenance. RJ has been used in cosmetics, beverages, medicines, and supplements worldwide. However, allergy is a concerning issue for RJ, especially in atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma patients. In some cases, allergic reactions are seen after the first intake of RJ, suggesting the existence of allergens cross-reactive with RJ. Information about the cross-reactive allergens is very important for the safe application of RJ; however, study of this cross-reactivity is quite limited. In this study, we attempted to identify allergens cross-reactive with RJ by using serum samples from 30 AD patients who had never been exposed to RJ. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiment, RJ-binding IgE antibodies were detected in the serum of 10 out of 30 patients, and their antibody titers ranged from 4- to 2,048-fold dilution ratios. Additionally, 3 AD patients were determined to be positive in a skin-prick test (SPT) with an RJ solution. Significant correlations were observed between the anti-RJ antibody titer and nonspecific IgE and between the anti-RJ antibody titer and the Eczema Area and Severity Index score. We further examined the cross-reactivity between RJ and 14 typical allergens by using an ELISA-inhibition assay and demonstrated that the following 6 allergens showed cross-reactivity with RJ: the European house dust mite (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), American HDM (Dermatophagoides farinae), snow crab (Chionocetes spp.), edible crab (Cancer pagurus), German cockroach (Blatella germanica), and honeybee venom (Apis mellifera). In conclusion, people with a history of allergic diseases, including AD, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, should be cautioned against consuming RJ products because of the potential for cross-reactive responses to ensure the safe and successful use of RJ supplements.
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25
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New Insights into the Biological and Pharmaceutical Properties of Royal Jelly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020382. [PMID: 31936187 PMCID: PMC7014095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a yellowish-white and acidic secretion of hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees used to feed young worker larvae during the first three days and the entire life of queen bees. RJ is one of the most appreciated and valued natural product which has been mainly used in traditional medicines, health foods, and cosmetics for a long time in different parts of the world. It is also the most studied bee product, aimed at unravelling its bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, and general tonic action against laboratory animals, microbial organisms, farm animals, and clinical trials. It is commonly used to supplement various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we highlight the recent research advances on the main bioactive compounds of RJ, such as proteins, peptides, fatty acids, and phenolics, for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemistry, biological, and pharmaceutical responses to human health promotion and life benefits. This is potentially important to gain novel insight into the biological and pharmaceutical properties of RJ.
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Erban T, Shcherbachenko E, Talacko P, Harant K. The Unique Protein Composition of Honey Revealed by Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis: Allergens, Venom-like Proteins, Antibacterial Properties, Royal Jelly Proteins, Serine Proteases, and Their Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1217-1226. [PMID: 30995037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honey is a unique natural product produced by European honeybees. Due to its high economic value, honey is considered to be well characterized chemically, and it is often discovered to be an adulterated commodity. However, this study shows that our knowledge of honey protein composition, which is of high medical and pharmaceutical importance, is incomplete. In this in-depth proteomic study of 13 honeys, we identified a number of proteins that are important for an understanding of honey properties and merit additional pharmaceutical research. Our major result is an expanded understanding of the proteins underlying honey's antimicrobial properties, such as hymenoptaecin and defensin-1, glucose dehydrogenase isoforms, venom allergens and other venom-like proteins, serine proteases and serine protease inhibitors, and a series of royal jelly proteins. In addition, we performed quantitative comparisons of all of the proteins previously known or newly identified. The honey proteins, determined using label-free nLC-MS/MS in which the same protein quantity was analyzed in one series, were found in relatively similar proportions, although eucalyptus honey differed most widely from the remaining honeys. Overall, the proteome analysis indicated that honeybees supply proteins to honey in a relatively stable ratio within each proteome, but total protein quantity can differ by approximately an order of magnitude in different honeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory , Crop Research Institute , Drnovska 507/73 , Prague 6-Ruzyne , CZ-16106 , Czechia
| | - Elena Shcherbachenko
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Laboratory , Crop Research Institute , Drnovska 507/73 , Prague 6-Ruzyne , CZ-16106 , Czechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science , Charles University , BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595 , Vestec , CZ-25242 , Czechia
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science , Charles University , BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595 , Vestec , CZ-25242 , Czechia
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Maori E, Navarro IC, Boncristiani H, Seilly DJ, Rudolph KLM, Sapetschnig A, Lin CC, Ladbury JE, Evans JD, Heeney JL, Miska EA. A Secreted RNA Binding Protein Forms RNA-Stabilizing Granules in the Honeybee Royal Jelly. Mol Cell 2019; 74:598-608.e6. [PMID: 31051140 PMCID: PMC6509358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA flow between organisms has been documented within and among different kingdoms of life. Recently, we demonstrated horizontal RNA transfer between honeybees involving secretion and ingestion of worker and royal jellies. However, how the jelly facilitates transfer of RNA is still unknown. Here, we show that worker and royal jellies harbor robust RNA-binding activity. We report that a highly abundant jelly component, major royal jelly protein 3 (MRJP-3), acts as an extracellular non-sequence-specific RNA-aggregating factor. Multivalent RNA binding stimulates higher-order assembly of MRJP-3 into extracellular ribonucleoprotein granules that protect RNA from degradation and enhance RNA bioavailability. These findings reveal that honeybees have evolved a secreted dietary RNA-binding factor to concentrate, stabilize, and share RNA among individuals. Our work identifies high-order ribonucleoprotein assemblies with functions outside cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Maori
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.
| | - Isabela Cunha Navarro
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Humberto Boncristiani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David J Seilly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Konrad Ludwig Moritz Rudolph
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alexandra Sapetschnig
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Chi-Chuan Lin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John Edward Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jay Daniel Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, BARC-E Building, 306 Center Road, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jonathan Luke Heeney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Eric Alexander Miska
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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Hossen MS, Nahar T, Gan SH, Khalil MI. Bioinformatics and Therapeutic Insights on Proteins in Royal Jelly. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666181012113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
To date, there is no x-ray crystallography or structures from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on royal jelly proteins available in the online data banks. In addition, characterization of proteins in royal jelly is not fully accomplished to date. Although new investigations unravel novel proteins in royal jelly, the majority of a protein family is present in high amounts (80-90%).
Objective:
In this review, we attempted to predict the three-dimensional structure of royal jelly proteins (especially the major royal jelly proteins) to allow visualization of the four protein surface properties (aromaticity, hydrophobicity, ionizability and (hydrogen (H)-bond) by using bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we gathered the information on available therapeutic activities of crude royal jelly and its proteins.
Methods:
For protein modeling, prediction and analysis, the Phyre2 web portal systematically browsed in which the modeling mode was intensive. On the other side, to build visualized understanding of surface aromaticity, hydrophobicity, ionizability and H-bond of royal jelly proteins, the Discovery Studio 4.1 (Accelrys Software Inc.) was used.
Results:
Our in silico study confirmed that all proteins treasure these properties, including aromaticity, hydrophobicity, ionizability and (hydrogen (H)-bond. Another finding was that newly discovered proteins in royal jelly do not belong to the major royal jelly protein group.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the three dimensional structure of royal jelly proteins along with its major characteristics were successfully elucidated in this review. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the detailed physiochemical properties and pharmacotherapeutics of royal jelly proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sakib Hossen
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Taebun Nahar
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Ibrahim Khalil
- Laboratory of Preventive and Integrative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
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30
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Fujita T, Kozuka-Hata H, Hori Y, Takeuchi J, Kubo T, Oyama M. Shotgun proteomics deciphered age/division of labor-related functional specification of three honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) exocrine glands. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191344. [PMID: 29447197 PMCID: PMC5813902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) uses various chemical signals produced by the worker exocrine glands to maintain the functioning of its colony. The roles of worker postcerebral glands (PcGs), thoracic glands (TGs), and mandibular glands (MGs) and the functional changes they undergo according to the division of labor from nursing to foraging are not as well studied. To comprehensively characterize the molecular roles of these glands in workers and their changes according to the division of labor of workers, we analyzed the proteomes of PcGs, TGs, and MGs from nurse bees and foragers using shotgun proteomics technology. We identified approximately 2000 proteins from each of the nurse bee or forager glands and highlighted the features of these glands at the molecular level by semiquantitative enrichment analyses of frequently detected, gland-selective, and labor-selective proteins. First, we found the high potential to produce lipids in PcGs and MGs, suggesting their relation to pheromone production. Second, we also found the proton pumps abundant in TGs and propose some transporters possibly related to the saliva production. Finally, our data unveiled candidate enzymes involved in labor-dependent acid production in MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (MO)
| | - Hiroko Kozuka-Hata
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Hori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oyama
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TF); (MO)
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Lin N, Chen S, Zhang H, Li J, Fu L. Quantification of Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 in Fresh Royal Jelly by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1270-1278. [PMID: 29381065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) is the most abundant protein in royal jelly (RJ), and the level of MRJP1 has been suggested as a promising parameter for standardization and evaluation of RJ authenticity in quality. Here, a quantitative method was developed for the quantification of MRJP1 in RJ based on a signature peptide and a stable isotope-labeled internal standard peptide FFDYDFGSDER*(R*, 13C6, 15N4) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of the established method ranged from 85.33 to 95.80%, and both the intra- and interday precision were RSD < 4.97%. Quantification results showed that content of MRJP1 in fresh RJ was 41.96-55.01 mg/g. Abnormal levels of MRJP1 were found in three commercial RJs and implied that these samples were of low quality and might be adulterated. Results of the present work suggested that the developed method could be successfully applied to quantify MRJP1 in RJ and also could evaluate the quality of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Enhancement, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province , Zhoushan 316000, China
- Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
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32
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Chiu HF, Chen BK, Lu YY, Han YC, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Hypocholesterolemic efficacy of royal jelly in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic adults. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:497-502. [PMID: 27937077 PMCID: PMC6130454 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1253110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Royal jelly (RJ) has been reported for its health promoting factors such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid lowering activities. OBJECTIVE The present randomized, placebo-controlled study examines the hypolipidemic beneficial effect of RJ through evaluating anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and various hormone levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty subjects with mild hypercholesterolemia (180-200 mg/dL) were randomly selected and divided into two groups as experimental or placebo, who requested to intake nine capsules (350 mg/capsule) of RJ or placebo/day, respectively, for three months with one month of follow-up without any supplementation. RESULTS No significant changes were noted in any of the anthropometric parameters like body weight, waist and body fat. The serum total cholesterol (TC; 207.05-183.15 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c; 126.44-120.31 mg/dL) levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) after administration of RJ. However, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels were not considerably altered. Moreover, three months of RJ consumption significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) the concentration of sex hormones like dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S; 1788.09-1992.31 ng/mL). Also, intake of RJ did not elicit any hepatic or renal damage. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Intervention with RJ for three months considerably lowered the TC and LDL-c levels through improving the levels of DHEA-S and thus alleviates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Kai Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Ying Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
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33
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Kohno H, Suenami S, Takeuchi H, Sasaki T, Kubo T. Production of Knockout Mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 in the European Honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Zoolog Sci 2017; 33:505-512. [PMID: 27715425 DOI: 10.2108/zs160043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) is used as a model organism in studies of the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying social behaviors and/or advanced brain functions. The entire honeybee genome has been sequenced, which has further advanced molecular biologic studies of the honeybee. Functions of genes of interest, however, remain largely to be elucidated in the honeybee due to the lack of effective reverse genetic methods. Moreover, genetically modified honeybees must be maintained under restricted laboratory conditions due to legal restrictions, further complicating the application of reverse genetics to this species. Here we applied CRISPR/Cas9 to the honeybee to develop an effective reverse genetic method. We targeted major royal jelly protein 1 (mrjp1) for genome editing, because this gene is predominantly expressed in adult workers and its mutation is not expected to affect normal development. By injecting sgRNA and Cas9 mRNA into 57 fertilized embryos collected within 3 h after oviposition, we successfully created six queens, one of which produced genome-edited male offspring. Of the 161 males produced, genotyping demonstrated that the genome was edited in 20 males. All of the processes necessary for producing these genome-edited queens and males were performed in the laboratory. Therefore, we developed essential techniques to create knockout honeybees by CRISPR/Cas9. Our findings also suggested that mrjp1 is dispensable for normal male development, at least till the pupal stage. This new technology could pave the way for future functional analyses of candidate genes involved in honeybee social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kohno
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Suenami
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Sasaki
- 2 Honeybee Science Research Center, Research Institute, Tamagawa University,Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Mandacaru SC, do Vale LHF, Vahidi S, Xiao Y, Skinner OS, Ricart CAO, Kelleher NL, de Sousa MV, Konermann L. Characterizing the Structure and Oligomerization of Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 (MRJP1) by Mass Spectrometry and Complementary Biophysical Tools. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1645-1655. [PMID: 28252287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) triggers the development of female honeybee larvae into queens. This effect has been attributed to the presence of major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) in RJ. MRJP1 isolated from royal jelly is tightly associated with apisimin, a 54-residue α-helical peptide that promotes the noncovalent assembly of MRJP1 into multimers. No high-resolution structural data are available for these complexes, and their binding stoichiometry remains uncertain. We examined MRJP1/apisimin using a range of biophysical techniques. We also investigated the behavior of deglycosylated samples, as well as samples with reduced apisimin content. Our mass spectrometry (MS) data demonstrate that the native complexes predominantly exist in a (MRJP14 apisimin4) stoichiometry. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS reveals that MRJP1 within these complexes is extensively disordered in the range of residues 20-265. Marginally stable secondary structure (likely antiparallel β-sheet) exists around residues 266-432. These weakly structured regions interchange with conformers that are extensively unfolded, giving rise to bimodal (EX1) isotope distributions. We propose that the native complexes have a "dimer of dimers" quaternary structure in which MRJP1 chains are bridged by apisimin. Specifically, our data suggest that apisimin acts as a linker that forms hydrophobic contacts involving the MRJP1 segment 316VLFFGLV322. Deglycosylation produces large soluble aggregates, highlighting the role of glycans as aggregation inhibitors. Samples with reduced apisimin content form dimeric complexes with a (MRJP12 apisimin1) stoichiometry. The information uncovered in this work will help pave the way toward a better understanding of the unique physiological role played by MRJP1 during queen differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Mandacaru
- Department of Chemistry, Western University , London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luis H F do Vale
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, Brazil.,Proteomics Center of Excellence, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Siavash Vahidi
- Department of Chemistry, Western University , London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Yiming Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Western University , London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Owen S Skinner
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lars Konermann
- Department of Chemistry, Western University , London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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Quantitative Analysis of Apisin, a Major Protein Unique to Royal Jelly. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5040528. [PMID: 27721892 PMCID: PMC5045987 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apisin, a protein that is unique to royal jelly (RJ), is known to compose the greater part of the RJ proteins and to exist as a heterooligomer containing major royal jelly protein 1 and apisimin. However, few reports on the methods for quantifying apisin have been published. Thus, we attempted to quantify apisin using HPLC, a widely used analytical technique, as described below. Isoelectric precipitation and size-exclusion chromatography were used to obtain the purified protein, which was identified as apisin by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS analyses. The purified apisin was lyophilized and then used to generate a calibration curve to quantify apisin in RJ. The apisin content was fairly constant (i.e., 3.93 to 4.67 w/w%) in natural RJ. This study is the first to describe a simple, standardized method for quantifying apisin using HPLC and suggests that apisin can be used as a benchmark for future evaluations of RJ quality.
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Micas AFD, Ferreira GA, Laure HJ, Rosa JC, Bitondi MMG. PROTEINS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM OF THE HONEYBEE, Apis mellifera. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 93:3-24. [PMID: 27160491 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The integument of insects and other arthropods is composed of an inner basal lamina coated by the epidermis, which secretes the bulk of the outer integument layer, the cuticle. The genome sequencing of several insect species has allowed predicting classes of proteins integrating the cuticle. However, only a small proportion of them, as well as other proteins in the integumentary system, have been validated. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified 45 different proteins in a total of 112 selected gel spots derived from thoracic integument samples of developing honeybee workers, including 14 cuticular proteins (AmelCPR 3, AmelCPR 12, AmelCPR 16, AmelCPR 27, apidermin 2, apidermin 3, endocuticle structural glycoprotein SgAbd-8-like, LOC100577363, LOC408365, LOC413679, LOC725454, LOC100576916, LOC725838, and peritrophin 3-C analogous). Gene ontology functional analysis revealed that the higher proportions of the identified proteins have molecular functions related to catalytic and structural molecule activities, are involved in metabolic biological processes, and pertain to the protein class of structural or cytoskeletal proteins and hydrolases. It is noteworthy that 26.7% of the identified proteins, including five cuticular proteins, were revealed as protein species resulting from allelic isoforms or derived from posttranslational modifications. Also, 66.7% of the identified cuticular proteins were expressed in more than one developmental phase, thus indicating that they are part of the larval, pupal, and adult cuticle. Our data provide experimental support for predicted honeybee gene products and new information on proteins expressed in the developing integument.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Fernando Ditondo Micas
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Germano Aguiar Ferreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Centro de Química de Proteínas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helen Julie Laure
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Centro de Química de Proteínas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Centro de Química de Proteínas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Gentile Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Xin XX, Chen Y, Chen D, Xiao F, Parnell LD, Zhao J, Liu L, Ordovas JM, Lai CQ, Shen LR. Supplementation with Major Royal-Jelly Proteins Increases Lifespan, Feeding, and Fecundity in Drosophila. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5803-5812. [PMID: 27388939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The major royal-jelly proteins (MRJPs) are the main constituents responsible for the specific physiological role of royal jelly (RJ) in honeybees. Male and female Drosophila flies were fed diets containing either no MRJPs (A) or casein (B) at 1.25% (w/w) of diet or MRJPs at 1.25% (C), 2.50% (D), or 5.00% (E). Diets B, C, D, and E increased mean lifespan by 4.3%, 9.0%, 12.4%, and 13.9% in males and by 5.8%, 9.7%, 20.0%, and 11.8% in females in comparison to results from diet A, respectively. The diet supplemented with 2.50% MRJPs seems to have the optimal dose to improve both physiological and biochemical measures related to aging in both sexes. Interestingly, lifespan extension by MRJPs in Drosophila was positively associated with feeding and fecundity and up-regulation of copper and zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and the Egfr-mediated signaling pathway. This study provides strong evidence that MRJPs are important components of RJ for prolonging lifespan in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Xin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fa Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- USDA ARS Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Statistics, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- USDA ARS Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA ARS Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Li-Rong Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310058, China
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38
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Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:130-141. [PMID: 27664731 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Royal Jelly (RJ), a honeybee hypopharyngeal gland secretion of young nurse and an exclusive nourishment for bee queen, has been used since ancient times for care and human health and it is still very important in traditional and folkloristic medicine, especially in Asia within the apitherapy. Recently, RJ and its protein and lipid components have been subjected to several investigations on their antimicrobial activity due to extensive traditional uses and for a future application in medicine. Antimicrobial activities of crude Royal Jelly, Royalisin, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, Jelleines, Major Royal Jelly Proteins against different bacteria have been reported. All these beehive products showed antimicrobial activities that lead their potential employment in several fields as natural additives. RJ and its derived compounds show a highest activity especially against Gram positive bacteria. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the results of antimicrobial studies of Royal Jelly following the timescale of the researches. From the first scientific applications to the isolation of the single components in order to better understand its application in the past years and propose an employment in future studies as a natural antimicrobial agent.
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Kolayli S, Sahin H, Can Z, Yildiz O, Malkoc M, Asadov A. A Member of Complementary Medicinal Food: Anatolian Royal Jellies, Their Chemical Compositions, and Antioxidant Properties. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 21:NP43-8. [PMID: 26620573 DOI: 10.1177/2156587215618832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated various chemical and antioxidant properties of Anatolian royal jelly samples. Moisture, pH, total protein, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) and sugars were analyzed from 18 samples. Total phenolic contents, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity were measured as antioxidant determinants. 10-HDA contents and total protein content of fresh weight ranged between 1.0% and 3.9%, and 11.4% and 15.8%, respectively. The main sugars detected were glucose and fructose. Maltose, trehalose, and melibiose were detected at less than 1.0% in all samples. Lactose, a milk sugar, was detected in only 3 samples, at values between 0.8% and 1.4%. Total henolic content ranged from 91.0 to 301.0 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg fresh weight. Antioxidant activity is due to both to the total phenolic content, proteins and fatty acids of royal jelly. Anatolian royal jelly samples were not different from other royal jelly samples from across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huseyin Sahin
- Espiye Vocational School, Giresun University, Espiye, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Zehra Can
- Şebinkarahisar Technical Sciences Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Oktay Yildiz
- Maçka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey
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Feng M, Fang Y, Han B, Xu X, Fan P, Hao Y, Qi Y, Hu H, Huo X, Meng L, Wu B, Li J. In-Depth N-Glycosylation Reveals Species-Specific Modifications and Functions of the Royal Jelly Protein from Western (Apis mellifera) and Eastern Honeybees (Apis cerana). J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5327-40. [PMID: 26496797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ), secreted by honeybee workers, plays diverse roles as nutrients and defense agents for honeybee biology and human health. Despite being reported to be glycoproteins, the glycosylation characterization and functionality of RJ proteins in different honeybee species are largely unknown. An in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis and functional assay of RJ produced by Apis mellifera lingustica (Aml) and Apis cerana cerana (Acc) were conducted. RJ produced by Aml yielded 80 nonredundant N-glycoproteins carrying 190 glycosites, of which 23 novel proteins harboring 35 glycosites were identified. For Acc, all 43 proteins glycosylated at 138 glycosites were reported for the first time. Proteins with distinct N-glycoproteomic characteristics in terms of glycoprotein species, number of N-glycosylated sites, glycosylation motif, abundance level of glycoproteins, and N-glycosites were observed in this two RJ samples. The fact that the low inhibitory efficiency of N-glycosylated major royal jelly protein 2 (MRJP2) against Paenibacillus larvae (P. larvae) and the absence of antibacterial related glycosylated apidaecin, hymenoptaecin, and peritrophic matrix in the Aml RJ compared to Acc reveal the mechanism for why the Aml larvae are susceptible to P. larvae, the causative agent of a fatal brood disease (American foulbrood, AFB). The observed antihypertension activity of N-glycosylated MRJP1 in two RJ samples and a stronger activity found in Acc than in Aml reveal that specific RJ protein and modification are potentially useful for the treatment of hypertensive disease for humans. Our data gain novel understanding that the western and eastern bees have evolved species-specific strategies of glycosylation to fine-tune protein activity for optimizing molecular function as nutrients and immune agents for the good of honeybee and influence on the health promoting activity for human as well. This serves as a valuable resource for the targeted probing of the biological functions of RJ proteins for honeybee and medical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Feng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bin Han
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Pei Fan
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China.,College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuping Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xinmei Huo
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lifeng Meng
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100093, China
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41
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Vojvodic S, Johnson BR, Harpur BA, Kent CF, Zayed A, Anderson KE, Linksvayer TA. The transcriptomic and evolutionary signature of social interactions regulating honey bee caste development. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4795-807. [PMID: 26640660 PMCID: PMC4662310 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The caste fate of developing female honey bee larvae is strictly socially regulated by adult nurse workers. As a result of this social regulation, nurse-expressed genes as well as larval-expressed genes may affect caste expression and evolution. We used a novel transcriptomic approach to identify genes with putative direct and indirect effects on honey bee caste development, and we subsequently studied the relative rates of molecular evolution at these caste-associated genes. We experimentally induced the production of new queens by removing the current colony queen, and we used RNA sequencing to study the gene expression profiles of both developing larvae and their caregiving nurses before and after queen removal. By comparing the gene expression profiles of queen-destined versus worker-destined larvae as well as nurses observed feeding these two types of larvae, we identified larval and nurse genes associated with caste development. Of 950 differentially expressed genes associated with caste, 82% were expressed in larvae with putative direct effects on larval caste, and 18% were expressed in nurses with putative indirect effects on caste. Estimated selection coefficients suggest that both nurse and larval genes putatively associated with caste are rapidly evolving, especially those genes associated with worker development. Altogether, our results suggest that indirect effect genes play important roles in both the expression and evolution of socially influenced traits such as caste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Vojvodic
- Center for Insect Science University of Arizona Tucson Arizona ; Department of Biological Sciences Rowan University Glassboro New Jersey
| | - Brian R Johnson
- Department of Entomology University of California Davis California
| | - Brock A Harpur
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Clement F Kent
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Kirk E Anderson
- Carl Hayden Bee Research Center USDA Tucson Arizona ; Department of Entomology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
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42
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Shen LR, Wang YR, Zhai L, Zhou WX, Tan LL, Li ML, Liu DD, Xiao F. Determination of royal jelly freshness by ELISA with a highly specific anti-apalbumin 1, major royal jelly protein 1 antibody. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:155-66. [PMID: 25644470 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), designated apalbumin 1, has been regarded as a freshness marker of royal jelly (RJ). A MRJP1-specific peptide (IKEALPHVPIFD) identified by bioinformatics analysis of homologous members of the major royal protein family was synthesized and used to raise polyclonal anti-MRJP1 antibody (anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody). Western blot analysis showed that anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody only reacted with MRJP1 in RJ. In contrast, the previously reported antibody against recombinant MRJP1 (anti-R-MRJP1 antibody) reacted with other members of MRJP family in RJ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody demonstrated that MRJP1 content in RJ stored at 40 °C significantly degraded by 37.3%, 55.9%, 58.0%, 60.6%, 65.7%, 72.7%, and 73.1% at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d, respectively, when compared with MRJP1 content in fresh RJ (0 d). Optical density analysis of MRJP bands from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles demonstrated that the degradation of MRJP1, MRJP2, MRJP3, and MRJP5 in RJ was strongly and positively correlated with the period of storage (P<0.0001). Our results indicated anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody was highly specific for MRJP1, and ELISA using the antibody is a sensitive and easy-to-use method to determine the freshness and authenticity of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-rong Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Moriyama T, Ito A, Omote S, Miura Y, Tsumoto H. Heat Resistant Characteristics of Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 (MRJP1) Oligomer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119169. [PMID: 26020775 PMCID: PMC4447272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble royal jelly protein is a candidate factor responsible for mammiferous cell proliferation. Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), which consists of oligomeric and monomeric forms, is an abundant proliferative protein in royal jelly. We previously reported that MRJP1 oligomer has biochemical heat resistance. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of several heat treatments (56, 65 and 96°C) on the proliferative activity of MRJP1 oligomer. Heat resistance studies showed that the oligomer molecular forms were slightly maintained until 56℃, but the molecular forms were converted to macromolecular heat-aggregated MRJP1 oligomer at 65℃ and 96℃. But, the growth activity of MRJP1 oligomer treated with 96°C was slightly attenuated when compared to unheated MRJP1 oligomer. On the other hand, the cell proliferation activity was preserved until 96℃ by the cell culture analysis of Jurkat cells. In contrast, those of IEC-6 cells were not preserved even at 56°C. The present observations suggest that the bioactive heat-resistance properties were different by the origin of the cells. The cell proliferation analysis showed that MRJP1 oligomer, but not MRJP2 and MRJP3, significantly increased cell numbers, suggesting that MRJP1 oligomer is the predominant proliferation factor for mammiferous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Moriyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Aimi Ito
- Division of Clinical Laboratories, Toranomon Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sumire Omote
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Han B, Fang Y, Feng M, Lu X, Huo X, Meng L, Wu B, Li J. In-depth phosphoproteomic analysis of royal jelly derived from western and eastern honeybee species. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5928-43. [PMID: 25265229 DOI: 10.1021/pr500843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The proteins in royal jelly (RJ) play a pivotal role in the nutrition, immune defense, and cast determination of honeybee larvae and have a wide range of pharmacological and health-promoting functions for humans as well. Although the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in protein function is known, investigation of protein phosphorylation of RJ proteins is still very limited. To this end, two complementary phosphopeptide enrichment materials (Ti(4+)-IMAC and TiO2) and high-sensitivity mass spectrometry were applied to establish a detailed phosphoproteome map and to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the phosphoproteomes of RJ produced by Apis mellifera ligustica (Aml) and Apis cerana cerana (Acc). In total, 16 phosphoproteins carrying 67 phosphorylation sites were identified in RJ derived from western bees, and nine proteins phosphorylated on 71 sites were found in RJ produced by eastern honeybees. Of which, eight phosphorylated proteins were common to both RJ samples, and the same motif ([S-x-E]) was extracted, suggesting that the function of major RJ proteins as nutrients and immune agents is evolutionary preserved in both of these honeybee species. All eight overlapping phosphoproteins showed significantly higher abundance in Acc-RJ than in Aml-RJ, and the phosphorylation of Jelleine-II (an antimicrobial peptide, TPFKLSLHL) at S(6) in Acc-RJ had stronger antimicrobial properties than that at T(1) in Aml-RJ even though the overall antimicrobial activity of Jelleine-II was found to decrease after phosphorylation. The differences in phosphosites, peptide abundance, and antimicrobial activity of the phosphorylated RJ proteins indicate that the two major honeybee species employ distinct phosphorylation strategies that align with their different biological characteristics shaped by evolution. The phosphorylation of RJ proteins are potentially driven by the activity of extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C-like protein (FAM20C-like) through the [S-x-E] motif, which is supported by evidence that mRNA and protein expression of FAM20C-like protein kinase are both found in the highest level in the hypopharyngeal gland of nurse bees. Our data represent the first comprehensive RJ phosphorylation atlas, recording patterns of phosphorylated RJ protein abundance and antibacterial activity of some RJ proteins in two major managed honeybee species. These data constitute a firm basis for future research to better understand the biological roles of each RJ protein for honeybee biology and human health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science , Beijing 100093, China
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45
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Kashima Y, Kanematsu S, Asai S, Kusada M, Watanabe S, Kawashima T, Nakamura T, Shimada M, Goto T, Nagaoka S. Identification of a novel hypocholesterolemic protein, major royal jelly protein 1, derived from royal jelly. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105073. [PMID: 25144734 PMCID: PMC4140749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) intake lowers serum cholesterol levels in animals and humans, but the active component in RJ that lowers serum cholesterol level and its molecular mechanism are unclear. In this study, we set out to identify the bile acid-binding protein contained in RJ, because dietary bile acid-binding proteins including soybean protein and its peptide are effective in ameliorating hypercholesterolemia. Using a cholic acid-conjugated column, we separated some bile acid-binding proteins from RJ and identified the major RJ protein 1 (MRJP1), MRJP2, and MRJP3 as novel bile acid-binding proteins from RJ, based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Purified MRJP1, which is the most abundant protein of the bile acid-binding proteins in RJ, exhibited taurocholate-binding activity in vitro. The micellar solubility of cholesterol was significantly decreased in the presence of MRJP1 compared with casein in vitro. Liver bile acids levels were significantly increased, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA and protein tended to increase by MRJP1 feeding compared with the control. CYP7A1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by MRJP1 tryptic hydrolysate treatment compared with that of casein tryptic hydrolysate in hepatocytes. MRJP1 hypocholesterolemic effect has been investigated in rats. The cholesterol-lowering action induced by MRJP1 occurs because MRJP1 interacts with bile acids induces a significant increase in fecal bile acids excretion and a tendency to increase in fecal cholesterol excretion and also enhances the hepatic cholesterol catabolism. We have identified, for the first time, a novel hypocholesterolemic protein, MRJP1, in RJ. Interestingly, MRJP1 exhibits greater hypocholesterolemic activity than the medicine β-sitosterol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saori Asai
- Akitaya Honten Co., Ltd., Kano, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mio Kusada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masaya Shimada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Pratavieira M, da Silva Menegasso AR, Garcia AMC, dos Santos DS, Gomes PC, Malaspina O, Palma MS. MALDI Imaging Analysis of Neuropeptides in the Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Brain: Effect of Ontogeny. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3054-64. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pratavieira
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Anally Ribeiro da Silva Menegasso
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caviquioli Garcia
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Simões dos Santos
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Gomes
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Institute of Biosciences,
Department of Biology, Center of the Study of Social Insects, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Avenue 24A 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, 13506-900 SP, Brazil
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47
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Zhang L, Han B, Li R, Lu X, Nie A, Guo L, Fang Y, Feng M, Li J. Comprehensive identification of novel proteins and N-glycosylation sites in royal jelly. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:135. [PMID: 24529077 PMCID: PMC3942810 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Royal jelly (RJ) is a proteinaceous secretion produced from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of nurse bees. It plays vital roles in honeybee biology and in the improvement of human health. However, some proteins remain unknown in RJ, and mapping N-glycosylation modification sites on RJ proteins demands further investigation. We used two different liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques, complementary N-glycopeptide enrichment strategies, and bioinformatic approaches to gain a better understanding of novel and glycosylated proteins in RJ. Results A total of 25 N-glycosylated proteins, carrying 53 N-glycosylation sites, were identified in RJ proteins, of which 42 N-linked glycosylation sites were mapped as novel on RJ proteins. Most of the glycosylated proteins were related to metabolic activities and health improvement. The 13 newly identified proteins were also mainly associated with metabolic processes and health improvement activities. Conclusion Our in-depth, large-scale mapping of novel glycosylation sites represents a crucial step toward systematically revealing the functionality of N-glycosylated RJ proteins, and is potentially useful for producing a protein with desirable pharmacokinetic and biological activity using a genetic engineering approach. The newly-identified proteins significantly extend the proteome coverage of RJ. These findings contribute vital and new knowledge to our understanding of the innate biochemical nature of RJ at both the proteome and glycoproteome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China.
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48
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More than royal food - Major royal jelly protein genes in sexuals and workers of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Front Zool 2013; 10:72. [PMID: 24279675 PMCID: PMC4176732 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the honeybee Apis mellifera, female larvae destined to become a queen are fed with royal jelly, a secretion of the hypopharyngeal glands of young nurse bees that rear the brood. The protein moiety of royal jelly comprises mostly major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) of which the coding genes (mrjp1-9) have been identified on chromosome 11 in the honeybee’s genome. Results We determined the expression of mrjp1-9 among the honeybee worker caste (nurses, foragers) and the sexuals (queens (unmated, mated) and drones) in various body parts (head, thorax, abdomen). Specific mrjp expression was not only found in brood rearing nurse bees, but also in foragers and the sexuals. Conclusions The expression of mrjp1 to 7 is characteristic for the heads of worker bees, with an elevated expression of mrjp1-4 and 7 in nurse bees compared to foragers. Mrjp5 and 6 were higher in foragers compared to nurses suggesting functions in addition to those of brood food proteins. Furthermore, the expression of mrjp9 was high in the heads, thoraces and abdomen of almost all female bees, suggesting a function irrespective of body section. This completely different expression profile suggests mrjp9 to code for the most ancestral major royal jelly protein of the honeybee.
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49
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Xu X, Gao Y. Isolation and characterization of proteins and lipids from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) queen larvae and royal jelly. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Buttstedt A, Moritz RFA, Erler S. Origin and function of the major royal jelly proteins of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) as members of the yellow gene family. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:255-69. [PMID: 23855350 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the honeybee, Apis mellifera, the queen larvae are fed with a diet exclusively composed of royal jelly (RJ), a secretion of the hypopharyngeal gland of young worker bees that nurse the brood. Up to 15% of RJ is composed of proteins, the nine most abundant of which have been termed major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). Although it is widely accepted that RJ somehow determines the fate of a female larva and in spite of considerable research efforts, there are surprisingly few studies that address the biochemical characterisation and functions of these MRJPs. Here we review the research on MRJPs not only in honeybees but in hymenopteran insects in general and provide metadata analyses on genome organisation of mrjp genes, corroborating previous reports that MRJPs have important functions for insect development and not just a nutritional value for developing honeybee larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Buttstedt
- Departamentul de Apicultură şi Sericicultură, Facultatea de Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania; Institut für Biologie, Zoologie-Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06099, Germany
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