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Singh I, Lele TP. Nuclear Morphological Abnormalities in Cancer: A Search for Unifying Mechanisms. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:443-467. [PMID: 36348118 PMCID: PMC9722227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in nuclear shape and/or alterations to nuclear size are a hallmark of malignancy in a broad range of cancer types. Though these abnormalities are commonly used for diagnostic purposes and are often used to assess cancer progression in the clinic, the mechanisms through which they occur are not well understood. Nuclear size alterations in cancer could potentially arise from aneuploidy, changes in osmotic coupling with the cytoplasm, and perturbations to nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nuclear shape changes may occur due to alterations to cell-generated mechanical stresses and/or alterations to nuclear structural components, which balance those stresses, such as the nuclear lamina and chromatin. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abnormal nuclear morphology and size may allow the development of new therapeutics to target nuclear aberrations in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Chen M, Long Q, Borrie MS, Sun H, Zhang C, Yang H, Shi D, Gartenberg MR, Deng W. Nucleoporin TPR promotes tRNA nuclear export and protein synthesis in lung cancer cells. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009899. [PMID: 34793452 PMCID: PMC8639082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The robust proliferation of cancer cells requires vastly elevated levels of protein synthesis, which relies on a steady supply of aminoacylated tRNAs. Delivery of tRNAs to the cytoplasm is a highly regulated process, but the machinery for tRNA nuclear export is not fully elucidated. In this study, using a live cell imaging strategy that visualizes nascent transcripts from a specific tRNA gene in yeast, we identified the nuclear basket proteins Mlp1 and Mlp2, two homologs of the human TPR protein, as regulators of tRNA export. TPR expression is significantly increased in lung cancer tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Consistently, knockdown of TPR inhibits tRNA nuclear export, protein synthesis and cell growth in lung cancer cell lines. We further show that NXF1, a well-known mRNA nuclear export factor, associates with tRNAs and mediates their transport through nuclear pores. Collectively, our findings uncover a conserved mechanism that regulates nuclear export of tRNAs, which is a limiting step in protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Qian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Melinda S. Borrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Haohui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marc R. Gartenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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AnnexinA7 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by interacting with Sorcin and contributes to aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1018. [PMID: 34716295 PMCID: PMC8556303 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of the high mortality of HCC. In this study, we identified that AnnexinA7 (ANXA7) and Sorcin (SRI) are overexpressed and interacting proteins in HCC tissues and cells. In vitro functional investigations revealed that the interaction between ANXA7 and SRI regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and then affected migration, invasion, and proliferation in HCC cells. Furthermore overexpression/knockdown of ANXA7 was remarkably effective in promoting/inhibiting tumorigenicity and EMT in vivo. Altogether, our study unveiled a mechanism that ANXA7 promotes EMT by interacting with SRI and further contributes to the aggressiveness in HCC, which provides a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing recurrence and metastasis in HCC.
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Liu H, Guo D, Sha Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Hong L, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Lu L, Huang H. ANXA7 promotes the cell cycle, proliferation and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells by up-regulating CDC5L. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11100-11115. [PMID: 32526706 PMCID: PMC7346058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether annexin A7 (ANXA7) could promote the cell cycle, proliferation and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) of multiple myeloma (MM) cells by up-regulating cell division cycle 5-like (CDC5L). As a result, ANXA7 expression was increased in the serum of MM patients and the expression of ANXA7 and CDC5L was also increased in MM cell lines. ANXA7 overexpression promoted the proliferation and cycle of U266 and RPMI8226 cells. The expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), KI67, cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclinB1 in transfected cells was consistent with the changes of proliferation and cell cycle. In co-culture system of BMSC cells and MM cells, expression of CD44, ICAM1 and VCAM1 in MM cells was increased, which was further increased by ANXA7 overexpression. Bortezomib could increase the apoptosis of U266 and RPMI8226 cells. In co-culture system of BMSC cells and MM cells, the promotion effects of bortezomib on apoptosis of MM cells was decreased, which was further suppressed by ANXA7 overexpression. The above effects exerted by ANXA7 overexpression could be reversed by ANXA7 interference. Moreover, ANXA7 was proved to be combined with CDC5L. CDC5L interference could inhibit the promotion effects of ANXA7 overexpression on proliferation and cell cycle and inhibition effects of ANXA7 overexpression on apoptosis of MM cells treated with bortezomib in co-culture system. In conclusion, ANXA7 could promote the cell cycle, proliferation and CAM-DR of MM cells by up-regulating CDC5L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuou Sha
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenlu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lemin Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuwen Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Wang T, Sun H, Bao Y, En R, Tian Y, Zhao W, Jia L. POM121 overexpression is related to a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:345-353. [PMID: 31858845 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1707670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nuclear pore membrane protein 121 (POM121) plays a crucial role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, but its significance in tumorigenesis and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between POM121 and CRC.Methods: POM121 expression in colorectal tissues was analyzed at both the gene and protein levels. We investigated the connection between POM121 expression and clinicopathological features, as well as overall survival. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to determine the mechanism of POM121 in CRC.Results: CRC tissues displayed a striking increase in POM121 expression compared with colonitis and pericarcinomatous mucosa tissues (66.61% vs 24.36% vs 24.11%, respectively, p < 0.0167). POM121 overexpression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage, venous invasion, perineural invasion, preoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels, and Ki67 expression. CRC patients with high POM121 levels tended to have poor overall survival rates. POM121 may participate in the regulation of the cell cycle and DNA repair in CRC.Conclusions: Our results suggest that POM121 has the potential to serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengqi Wang
- Cancer Center, Banyannur Hospital, Bayannur, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Banyannur Hospital, Bayannur, China
| | | | - Riletu En
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Banyannur Hospital, Bayannur, China
| | - Yongjing Tian
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Banyannur Hospital, Bayannur, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Cancer Center, Banyannur Hospital, Bayannur, China
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6
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Wang J, Jia X, Meng X, Li Y, Wu W, Zhang X, Xu H, Cui J. Annexin A3 may play an important role in ochratoxin-induced malignant transformation of human gastric epithelium cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 313:150-158. [PMID: 31276768 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins, is a possible carcinogen to humans. We previously demonstrated that long-term (40 weeks) OTA exposure induces the malignant transformation of human gastric epithelium cells (GES-1) in vitro. However, the specific mechanism underlying OTA-induced gastric carcinogenesis is complex. In the present study, we used 2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF MS) combined with bioinformatics and immunoblotting to investigate the differentially expressed proteins between GES-1 and OTA-malignant transformed GES-1 cells (OTA-GES-1T cells) in vitro. We found that four differentially expressed proteins were identified after malignant transformation, including actin, cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB), F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 (CAPZA1), Annexin A3 (ANXA3), thioredoxin peroxidase B from red blood cells (TPx-B) and Fibrinogen beta B (Fibrinogen β). Among the differentially expressed proteins, the effect of Annexin A3 was analyzed by MTT assay, western blot, cell cycle analysis, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and colony formation assay in OTA-GES-1T cells. The results showed that inhibition of Annexin A3 by siRNA effectively prevented the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of OTA-GES-1T cells. Collectively, the results of this study will guide future research on OTA carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinxing Meng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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7
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Kirana C, Peng L, Miller R, Keating JP, Glenn C, Shi H, Jordan TW, Maddern GJ, Stubbs RS. Combination of laser microdissection, 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF MS to identify protein biomarkers to predict colorectal cancer spread. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30679934 PMCID: PMC6341757 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are urgently required to support current histological staging to provide additional accuracy in stratifying colorectal cancer (CRC) patients according to risk of spread to properly assign adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. Chemotherapy is given to patients with stage III to reduce the risk of recurrence but is controversial in stage II patients. Up to 25% of stage II patients will relapse within 5 years after tumor removal and when this occurs cure is seldom possible. The aim of this study was to identify protein biomarkers to stratify risk of spread of CRC patients. Laser micro-dissection was used to isolate cancer cells from primary colorectal tumors of stage II patients which did or did not metastasize within 5 years after surgical resection. Protein expression differences between two groups of tumors were profiled by 2D-DIGE with saturation CyDye labeling and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Evaluation of protein candidates was conducted using tissue micro array (TMA) immunohistochemistry on 125 colorectal tumor tissue samples of different stages. A total of 55 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Ten protein biomarkers were chosen based on p value and ratio between non metastasized and metastazised groups and evaluated on 125 tissues using TMA immunohistochemistry. Expression of HLAB, protein 14-3-3β, LTBP3, ADAMTS2, JAG2 and NME2 on tumour cells was significantly associated with clinical parameters related to tumour progression, invasion and metastasis. Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed strong expression of six proteins was associated with good CRC specific survival. Expression of HLAB, ADAMTS2, LTBP3, JAG2 and NME2 on tumour cells, was associated with tumour progression and invasion, metastasis and CRC specific survival may serve as potential biomarkers to stratify CRC patients into low and high risk of tumour metastasis. Combined methods of laser microdissection, 2D DIGE with saturation labelling and MALDI-TOF MS proved to be resourceful techniques capable of identifying protein biomarkers to predict risk of spread of CRC to liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kirana
- 1Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 37a Woodville Road, Woodville, SA 5011 Australia.,2Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Wakefield Clinic, Wakefield Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- 3Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rose Miller
- 4Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Otago University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John P Keating
- 5Coastal and Coast District Health Board, Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Corinne Glenn
- 5Coastal and Coast District Health Board, Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hongjun Shi
- 2Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Wakefield Clinic, Wakefield Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - T William Jordan
- 3Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Guy J Maddern
- 1Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Basil Hetzel Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 37a Woodville Road, Woodville, SA 5011 Australia
| | - Richard S Stubbs
- 2Wakefield Biomedical Research Unit, Wakefield Clinic, Wakefield Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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8
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Combining discovery and targeted proteomics reveals a prognostic signature in oral cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3598. [PMID: 30185791 PMCID: PMC6125363 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. Therefore, defining biological signatures that allow assessing the prognostic outcomes for OSCC patients would be of great clinical significance. Using histopathology-guided discovery proteomics, we analyze neoplastic islands and stroma from the invasive tumor front (ITF) and inner tumor to identify differentially expressed proteins. Potential signature proteins are prioritized and further investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted proteomics. IHC indicates low expression of cystatin-B in neoplastic islands from the ITF as an independent marker for local recurrence. Targeted proteomics analysis of the prioritized proteins in saliva, combined with machine-learning methods, highlights a peptide-based signature as the most powerful predictor to distinguish patients with and without lymph node metastasis. In summary, we identify a robust signature, which may enhance prognostic decisions in OSCC and better guide treatment to reduce tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis. Oral cancer has region-specific histopathological and molecular characteristics, complicating its classification by the standard tumor-node-metastasis system. Here, the authors combine discovery and targeted proteomics with IHC to identify region-specific and saliva biomarkers for oral cancer prognosis.
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9
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Ye W, Li Y, Fan L, Zhao Q, Yuan H, Tan B, Zhang Z. Annexin A7 expression is downregulated in late-stage gastric cancer and is negatively correlated with the differentiation grade and apoptosis rate. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9836-9844. [PMID: 29928357 PMCID: PMC6004673 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A7 is a member of the Annexin A family, which participates in various biological processes. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Annexin A7 serves an important role in tumorigenesis and is dysregulated in multiple types of cancer. However, the role of Annexin A7 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer remains to be determined. The present study revealed that Annexin A7 expression is downregulated in late-stage gastric cancer and is negatively correlated with the differentiation grade and apoptosis. There was a significant difference in Annexin A7 mRNA and protein expression in gastric cancer samples with distinct differentiation grades, with the lowest expression being observed in the highly differentiated cases. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay demonstrated that the apoptosis indices of highly, moderately and poorly differentiated gastric cancers were 18.12±2.40, 9.73±1.73 and 4.13±0.83%, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the apoptosis rates of gastric cancer MKN74, SGC7901 and BGC823 cells were 10.07±1.21, 7.11±1.04 and 4.25±1.02%, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the Annexin A7 mRNA and protein levels were negatively correlated with the differentiation grade of the gastric cancer tissues, while the apoptosis index was positively correlated with the differentiation grade of the gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, the apoptosis index was negatively correlated with Annexin A7 mRNA and protein expression. Similar associations were observed among Annexin A7 expression, differentiation grades and apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines. The results of the present study demonstrated that Annexin A7 expression is downregulated, while apoptosis is upregulated, with the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma. These observations suggested that Annexin A7 may inhibit apoptosis during tumorigenesis and that it is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Liqiao Fan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hufang Yuan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Bibo Tan
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Lin CH, Lin YW, Chen YC, Liao CC, Jou YS, Hsu MT, Chen CF. FNDC3B promotes cell migration and tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49498-49508. [PMID: 27385217 PMCID: PMC5226524 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlate with poor prognosis. We investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) in HCC metastasis. Overexpression of FNDC3B in HCC cell lines enhanced cell migration and invasion. On the other hand, knockdown of FNDC3B using short-hairpin RNA reduced tumor nodule formation in both intra- and extra-hepatic metastasis. High levels of FNDC3B were observed in metastatic HCCs and correlated with poor patient survival and shorter recurrence time. Mutagenesis and LC-MS/MS analyses showed that FNDC3B promotes cell migration by cooperating with annexin A2 (ANXA2). Furthermore, FNDC3B and ANXA2 expression correlated negatively with patient survival. Our results indicate that FNDC3B behaves like an oncogene by promoting cell migration. This suggests FNDC3B could serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hui Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Hsu
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Solbak SMØ, Abdurakhmanov E, Vedeler A, Danielson UH. Characterization of interactions between hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase, annexin A2 and RNA - effects on NS5B catalysis and allosteric inhibition. Virol J 2017; 14:236. [PMID: 29228983 PMCID: PMC5725786 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) provide efficient hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy and clearance for a majority of patients, but are not available or effective for all patients. They risk developing HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for which the mechanism remains obscure and therapy is missing. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) has been reported to co-precipitate with the non-structural (NS) HCV proteins NS5B and NS3/NS4A, indicating a role in HCC tumorigenesis and effect on DAA therapy. Methods Surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology was used to characterize direct interactions between AnxA2 and HCV NS5B, NS3/NS4 and RNA, and the subsequent effects on catalysis and inhibition. Results No direct interaction between AnxA2 and NS3/NS4A was detected, while AnxA2 formed a slowly dissociating, high affinity (KD = 30 nM), complex with NS5B, decreasing its catalytic activity and affinity for the allosteric inhibitor filibuvir. The RNA binding of the two proteins was independent and AnxA2 and NS5B interacted with different RNAs in ternary complexes of AnxA2:NS5B:RNA, indicating specific preferences. Conclusions The complex interplay revealed between NS5B, AnxA2, RNA and filibuvir, suggests that AnxA2 may have an important role for the progression and treatment of HCV infections and the development of HCC, which should be considered also when designing new allosteric inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0904-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. Proteomics for early detection of colorectal cancer: recent updates. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:55-63. [PMID: 29064727 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1396893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common type of cancer with a relatively poor survival rate. The survival rate of patients could be improved if CRC is detected early. Biomarkers associated with early stages of tumor development might provide useful tools for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Areas covered: Online searches using PubMed and Google Scholar were performed using keywords and with a focus on recent proteomic studies. The aim of this review is to highlight the need for biomarkers to improve the detection rate of early CRC and provide an overview of proteomic technologies used for biomarker discovery and validation. This review will also discuss recent proteomic studies which focus on identifying biomarkers associated with the early stages of CRC development. Expert commentary: A large number of CRC biomarkers are increasingly being identified by proteomics using diverse approaches. However, the clinical relevance and introduction of these markers into clinical practice cannot be determined without a robust validation process. The size of validation cohorts remains a major limitation in many biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Alnabulsi
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Krelin Y, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Arif T. Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 As an Emerging Drug Target for Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2017; 7:154. [PMID: 28824871 PMCID: PMC5534932 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells share several properties, high proliferation potential, reprogramed metabolism, and resistance to apoptotic cues. Acquiring these hallmarks involves changes in key oncogenes and non-oncogenes essential for cancer cell survival and prosperity, and is accompanied by the increased energy requirements of proliferating cells. Mitochondria occupy a central position in cell life and death with mitochondrial bioenergetics, biosynthesis, and signaling are critical for tumorigenesis. Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is situated in the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and serving as a mitochondrial gatekeeper. VDAC1 allowing the transfer of metabolites, fatty acid ions, Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and cholesterol across the OMM and is a key player in mitochondrial-mediate apoptosis. Moreover, VDAC1 serves as a hub protein, interacting with diverse sets of proteins from the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria that together regulate metabolic and signaling pathways. The observation that VDAC1 is over-expressed in many cancers suggests that the protein may play a pivotal role in cancer cell survival. However, VDAC1 is also important in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, mediating release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xL, and hexokinase (HK), which are also highly expressed in many cancers. Strategically located in a “bottleneck” position, controlling metabolic homeostasis and apoptosis, VDAC1 thus represents an emerging target for anti-cancer drugs. This review presents an overview on the multi-functional mitochondrial protein VDAC1 performing several functions and interacting with distinct sets of partners to regulate both cell life and death, and highlights the importance of the protein for cancer cell survival. We address recent results related to the mechanisms of VDAC1-mediated apoptosis and the potential of associated proteins to modulate of VDAC1 activity, with the aim of developing VDAC1-based approaches. The first strategy involves modification of cell metabolism using VDAC1-specific small interfering RNA leading to inhibition of cancer cell and tumor growth and reversed oncogenic properties. The second strategy involves activation of cancer cell death using VDAC1-based peptides that prevent cell death induction by anti-apoptotic proteins. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of treatments and drugs leading to enhanced VDAC1 expression or targeting VDAC1 to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Annexin A2 promotes liver fibrosis by mediating von Willebrand factor secretion. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:780-788. [PMID: 28377286 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if not treated in the early stages. The molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. AIM To identify the molecules involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and to investigate the potential effect and mechanism of Annexin A2 up-regulation during liver fibrosis progression. METHODS Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis group and the normal control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining or Masson Trichrome staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were applied to assess the degree of liver damage and fibrosis in rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Liver tissue protein profiles were analyzed using iTRAQ and mass spectrometry. RT-PCR and western blotting analyses were employed to validate differentially expressed proteins. Small interfering RNA-based silencing was performed to study the function of Annexin A2. RESULTS Twelve weeks after CCl4 injection, significant body weight changes and liver injury and liver fibrosis were observed in rats. In addition, 130 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver fibrosis group. Overexpression of Annexin A2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Silencing of Annexin A2 expression in HepG2 and LX-2 cells significantly reduced the secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF). CONCLUSION Annexin A2 promotes liver fibrosis by mediating vWF secretion, which can be used to mitigate the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Chen YC, Hsiao CJ, Jung CC, Hu HH, Chen JH, Lee WC, Chiou JM, Chen TF, Sun Y, Wen LL, Yip PK, Chu YM, Chen CJ, Yang HI. Performance Metrics for Selecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36155. [PMID: 27805002 PMCID: PMC5090242 DOI: 10.1038/srep36155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies using P-values to select single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have suffered from high false-positive and false-negative results. This case-control study recruited 713 late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) cases and controls aged ≥65 from three teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan from 2007 to 2010. Performance metrics were used to select SNPs in stage 1, which were then genotyped to another dataset (stage 2). Four SNPs (CPXM2 rs2362967, APOC1 rs4420638, ZNF521 rs7230380, and rs12965520) were identified for LOAD by both traditional P-values (without correcting for multiple tests) and performance metrics. After correction for multiple tests, no SNPs were identified by traditional P-values. Simultaneous testing of APOE e4 and APOC1 rs4420638 (the SNP with the best performance in the performance metrics) significantly improved the low sensitivity of APOE e4 from 0.50 to 0.78. A point-based genetic model including these 2 SNPs and important covariates was constructed. Compared with elders with low-risks score (0-6), elders belonging to moderate-risk (score = 7-11) and high-risk (score = 12-18) groups showed a significantly increased risk of LOAD (adjusted odds ratio = 7.80 and 46.93, respectively; Ptrend < 0.0001). Performance metrics allow for identification of markers with moderate effect and are useful for creating genetic tests with clinical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Jung
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Han Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Min Chiou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Li Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Keung Yip
- Center of Neurological Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Choi CH, Chung JY, Chung EJ, Sears JD, Lee JW, Bae DS, Hewitt SM. Prognostic significance of annexin A2 and annexin A4 expression in patients with cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:448. [PMID: 27402115 PMCID: PMC4940752 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annexins (ANXs) have diverse roles in tumor development and progression, however, their clinical significance in cervical cancer has not been elucidated. The present study was to investigate the clinical significance of annexin A2 (ANXA2) and annexin A4 (ANXA4) expression in cervical cancer. METHODS ANXA2 and ANXA4 immunohistochemical staining were performed on a cervical cancer tissue microarray consisting of 46 normal cervical epithelium samples and 336 cervical cancer cases and compared the data with clinicopathological variables, including the survival of cervical cancer patients. RESULTS ANXA2 expression was lower in cancer tissue (p = 0.002), whereas ANXA4 staining increased significantly in cancer tissues (p < 0.001). ANXA2 expression was more prominent in squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.001), whereas ANXA4 was more highly expressed in adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma (p < 0.001). ANXA2 overexpression was positively correlated with advanced cancer phenotypes, whereas ANXA4 expression was associated with resistance to radiation with or without chemotherapy (p = 0.029). Notably, high ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.004 and p = 0.033, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that ANXA2+ (HR = 2.72, p = 0.003) and ANXA2+/ANXA4+ (HR = 2.69, p = 0.039) are independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival in cervical cancer. Furthermore, a random survival forest model using combined ANXA2, ANXA4, and clinical variables resulted in improved predictive power (mean C-index, 0.76) compared to that of clinical-variable-only models (mean C-index, 0.70) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that detecting ANXA2 and ANXA4 expression may aid the evaluation of cervical carcinoma prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John D Sears
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MSC 1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Reichl P, Mikulits W. Accuracy of novel diagnostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: An update for clinicians (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:613-25. [PMID: 27278244 PMCID: PMC4930874 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate detection and differential diagnosis of early HCC can significantly improve patient survival. Currently, detection of HCC in clinical practice is performed by diagnostic imaging techniques and determination of serum biomarkers, most notably α-fetoprotein (AFP), fucosylated AFP and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin. However, these methods display limitations in sensitivity and specificity, especially with respect to early stages of HCC. Recently, high-throughput technologies have elucidated many new pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and have led to the discovery of a plethora of novel, non-invasive serum biomarkers. In particular, the combination of AFP with these new candidate molecules has yielded promising results. In this review, we aimed at recapitulating the most recent (2013–2015) developments in HCC biomarker research. We compared promising novel diagnostic serum protein biomarkers, such as annexin A2, the soluble form of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl and thioredoxin, as well as their combinations with AFP. High diagnostic performance (area under the curve >0.75) as shown by threshold-independent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was a prerequisite for inclusion in this review. In addition, we discuss the role and potential of microRNAs in HCC diagnosis and associated methodological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Reichl
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Carnielli CM, Artier J, de Oliveira JCF, Novo-Mansur MTM. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri surface proteome by 2D-DIGE: Ferric enterobactin receptor and other outer membrane proteins potentially involved in citric host interaction. J Proteomics 2016; 151:251-263. [PMID: 27180281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC) is the causative agent of citrus canker, a disease of great economic impact around the world. Understanding the role of proteins on XAC cellular surface can provide new insights on pathogen-plant interaction. Surface proteome was performed in XAC grown in vivo (infectious) and in vitro (non-infectious) conditions, by labeling intact cells followed by cellular lysis and direct 2D-DIGE analysis. Seventy-nine differential spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Highest relative abundance for in vivo condition was observed for spots containing DnaK protein, 60kDa chaperonin, conserved hypothetical proteins, malate dehydrogenase, phosphomannose isomerase, and ferric enterobactin receptors. Elongation factor Tu, OmpA-related proteins, Oar proteins and some Ton-B dependent receptors were found in spots decreased in vivo. Some proteins identified on XAC's surface in infectious condition and predicted to be cytoplasmic, such as DnaK and 60KDa chaperonin, have also been previously found at cellular surface in other microorganisms. This is the first study on XAC surface proteome and results point to mediation of molecular chaperones in XAC-citrus interaction. The approach utilized here can be applied to other pathogen-host interaction systems and help to achieve new insights in bacterial pathogenicity toward promising targets of biotechnological interest. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This research provides new insights for current knowledge of the Xanthomonas sp. pathogenicity. For the first time the 2D-DIGE approach was applied on intact cells to find surface proteins involved in the pathogen-plant interaction. Results point to the involvement of new surface/outer membrane proteins in the interaction between XAC and its citrus host and can provide potential targets of biotechnological interest for citrus canker control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Artier
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio Cezar Franco de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Microbianas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Marques Novo-Mansur
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Kobayashi A, Hashizume C, Dowaki T, Wong RW. Therapeutic potential of mitotic interaction between the nucleoporin Tpr and aurora kinase A. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1447-58. [PMID: 25789545 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poles are defined by centrosomes; therefore, an abnormal number or defective structural organization of centrosomes can lead to loss of spindle bipolarity and genetic integrity. Previously, we showed that Tpr (translocated promoter region), a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), interacts with Mad1 and dynein to promote proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Tpr also associates with p53 to induce autophagy. Here, we report that Tpr depletion induces mitotic catastrophe and enhances the rate of tetraploidy and polyploidy. Mechanistically, Tpr interacts, via its central domain, with Aurora A but not Aurora B kinase. In Tpr-depleted cells, the expression levels, centrosomal localization and phosphorylation of Aurora A were all reduced. Surprisingly, an Aurora A inhibitor, Alisertib (MLN8237), also disrupted centrosomal localization of Tpr and induced mitotic catastrophe and cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Strikingly, over-expression of Aurora A disrupted Tpr centrosomal localization only in cells with supernumerary centrosomes but not in bipolar cells. Our results highlight the mutual regulation between Tpr and Aurora A and further confirm the importance of nucleoporin function in spindle pole organization, bipolar spindle assembly, and mitosis; functions that are beyond the conventional nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC structural roles of nucleoporins. Furthermore, the central coiled-coil domain of Tpr binds to and sequesters extra Aurora A to safeguard bipolarity. This Tpr domain merits further investigation for its ability to inhibit Aurora kinase and as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kobayashi
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology ; Faculty of Natural Systems; Kanazawa University ; Kanazawa , Ishikawa , Japan
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21
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Peiris D, Ossondo M, Fry S, Loizidou M, Smith-Ravin J, Dwek MV. Identification of O-Linked Glycoproteins Binding to the Lectin Helix pomatia Agglutinin as Markers of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138345. [PMID: 26495974 PMCID: PMC4619703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification shown to be altered in all tumour types studied to date. Mucin glycoproteins have been established as important carriers of O-linked glycans but other glycoproteins exhibiting altered glycosylation repertoires have yet to be identified but offer potential as biomarkers for metastatic cancer. METHODOLOGY In this study a glycoproteomic approach was used to identify glycoproteins exhibiting alterations in glycosylation in colorectal cancer and to evaluate the changes in O-linked glycosylation in the context of the p53 and KRAS (codon 12/13) mutation status. Affinity purification with the carbohydrate binding protein from Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) was coupled to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry to enable the identification of low abundance O-linked glycoproteins from human colorectal cancer specimens. RESULTS Aberrant O-linked glycosylation was observed to be an early event that occurred irrespective of the p53 and KRAS status and correlating with metastatic colorectal cancer. Affinity purification using the lectin HPA followed by proteomic analysis revealed annexin 4, annexin 5 and CLCA1 to be increased in the metastatic colorectal cancer specimens. The results were validated using a further independent set of specimens and this showed a significant association between the staining score for annexin 4 and HPA and the time to metastasis; independently (annexin A4: Chi square 11.45, P = 0.0007; HPA: Chi square 9.065, P = 0.0026) and in combination (annexin 4 and HPA combined: Chi square 13.47; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Glycoproteins showing changes in O-linked glycosylation in metastatic colorectal cancer have been identified. The glycosylation changes were independent of p53 and KRAS status. These proteins offer potential for further exploration as biomarkers and potential targets for metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diluka Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marlène Ossondo
- Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane, Département Scientifique Interfacultaire, EA929 AIHP-GEODE (BIOSPHERES), Campus de Schœlcher, Martinique
| | - Simon Fry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette Smith-Ravin
- Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane, Département Scientifique Interfacultaire, EA929 AIHP-GEODE (BIOSPHERES), Campus de Schœlcher, Martinique
| | - Miriam V. Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Jevtić P, Edens LJ, Li X, Nguyen T, Chen P, Levy DL. Concentration-dependent Effects of Nuclear Lamins on Nuclear Size in Xenopus and Mammalian Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27557-71. [PMID: 26429910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in cell biology concerns the regulation of organelle size. While nuclear size is exquisitely controlled in different cell types, inappropriate nuclear enlargement is used to diagnose and stage cancer. Clarifying the functional significance of nuclear size necessitates an understanding of the mechanisms and proteins that control nuclear size. One structural component implicated in the regulation of nuclear morphology is the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate lamin filaments that lines the inner nuclear membrane. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of how the level and type of lamin expression influences nuclear size, in part due to difficulties in precisely controlling lamin expression levels in vivo. In this study, we circumvent this limitation by studying nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg and embryo extracts, open biochemical systems that allow for precise manipulation of lamin levels by the addition of recombinant proteins. We find that nuclear growth and size are sensitive to the levels of nuclear lamins, with low and high concentrations increasing and decreasing nuclear size, respectively. Interestingly, each type of lamin that we tested (lamins B1, B2, B3, and A) similarly affected nuclear size whether added alone or in combination, suggesting that total lamin concentration, and not lamin type, is more critical to determining nuclear size. Furthermore, we show that altering lamin levels in vivo, both in Xenopus embryos and mammalian tissue culture cells, also impacts nuclear size. These results have implications for normal development and carcinogenesis where both nuclear size and lamin expression levels change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jevtić
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Lisa J Edens
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Thang Nguyen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Pan Chen
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Daniel L Levy
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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Abstract
Platinum resistance has long been a major issue in the treatment of various cancers. We previously reported that enhanced annexin A4 (ANXA4) expression, a Ca2+-regulated phospholipid-binding protein, induces chemoresistance to platinum-based drugs. In this study, we investigated the role of annexin repeats, a conserved structure of all the annexin family, responsible for platinum-resistance as well as the effect of knockdown of ANXA4. ANXA4 knockdown increased sensitivity to platinum-based drugs both in vitro and in vivo. To identify the domain responsible for chemoresistance, ANXA4 deletion mutants were constructed by deleting annexin repeats one by one from the C terminus. Platinum resistance was induced both in vitro and in vivo in cells expressing either full-length ANXA4 or the deletion mutants, containing at least one intact annexin repeat. However, cells expressing the mutant without any calcium-binding sites in the annexin repeated sequence, which is essential for ANXA4 translocation from the cytosol to plasma membrane, failed to acquire platinum resistance. After cisplatin treatment, the intracellular chloride ion concentration, whose channel is partly regulated by ANXA4, significantly increased in the platinum-resistant cells. These findings indicate that the calcium-binding site in the annexin repeat induces chemoresistance to the platinum-based drug by elevating the intracellular chloride concentration.
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Wei B, Guo C, Liu S, Sun MZ. Annexin A4 and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:72-8. [PMID: 26048190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A4 (Anxa4) is one of the Ca(2+)-regulated and phospholipid-binding annexin superfamily proteins. Anxa4 has a potential role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of certain cancers. Studies indicate that Anxa4 up-regulation promotes the progression of tumor and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), gastric cancer (GC), chemoresistant lung cancer (LC), malignant mesothelioma (MM), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer (BC), and laryngeal cancer. Interestingly, Anxa4 also might specifically function as a tumor suppressor for prostate cancer (PCa) and have a paradoxical role for pancreatic cancer (PCC). Differential expression of Anxa4 may distinguish major salivary gland tumor (MSGT) from thyroid cancer. In addition, its differential expression was linked to Sirt1-induced cisplatin resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and miR-7-induced migration and invasion inhibition of glioma. This current review summarizes and discusses the clinical significance of Anxa4 in cancer as well as its potential mechanisms of action. It may provide new integrative understanding for future studies on the exact role of Anxa4 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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25
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Zhou J, Belov L, Chapuis P, Chan C, Armstrong N, Kaufman KL, Solomon MJ, Clarke SJ, Christopherson RI. Surface profiles of live colorectal cancer cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from surgical samples correspond to prognostic categories. J Immunol Methods 2014; 416:59-68. [PMID: 25445327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive surface profiles of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been obtained from 45 surgical resection samples. Live cells were captured on an antibody microarray and stained with fluorescently-labeled antibodies. Minimal panels of 11 CRC antigens (CD13, CD24, CD26, CD49d, CD138, CD166, CA-125, CA19-9, EGFR, Galectin-4 and HLA-DR) and 11 T-cell antigens (CD10, CD11b, CD11c, CD25, CD31, CD95, CD151, CD181, Galectin-4, CA19-9, TSP-1) provide signatures for relapse and survival. Hierarchical clustering of profiles from CRC cells and TIL identified groups of patients for survival, systemic relapse and death. The groups from CRC and TIL profiles for systemic relapse showed 79.2% concordance, enabling prediction of relapse after surgery. The results demonstrate communication between CRC cells and TIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Zhou
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Larissa Belov
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pierre Chapuis
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, Concord West, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, Concord West, NSW 2139, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nicola Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Bill Walsh Cancer Research Laboratories, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Petushkova NA, Pyatnitskiy MA, Rudenko VA, Larina OV, Trifonova OP, Kisrieva JS, Samenkova NF, Kuznetsova GP, Karuzina II, Lisitsa AV. Applying of hierarchical clustering to analysis of protein patterns in the human cancer-associated liver. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103950. [PMID: 25083712 PMCID: PMC4118999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are two ways that statistical methods can learn from biomedical data. One way is to learn classifiers to identify diseases and to predict outcomes using the training dataset with established diagnosis for each sample. When the training dataset is not available the task can be to mine for presence of meaningful groups (clusters) of samples and to explore underlying data structure (unsupervised learning). Results We investigated the proteomic profiles of the cytosolic fraction of human liver samples using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Samples were resected upon surgical treatment of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 2DE gel images (n = 18) revealed a pair of clusters, containing 11 and 7 samples. Previously we used the same specimens to measure biochemical profiles based on cytochrome P450-dependent enzymatic activities and also found that samples were clearly divided into two well-separated groups by cluster analysis. It turned out that groups by enzyme activity almost perfectly match to the groups identified from proteomic data. Of the 271 reproducible spots on our 2DE gels, we selected 15 to distinguish the human liver cytosolic clusters. Using MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting, we identified 12 proteins for the selected spots, including known cancer-associated species. Conclusions/Significance Our results highlight the importance of hierarchical cluster analysis of proteomic data, and showed concordance between results of biochemical and proteomic approaches. Grouping of the human liver samples and/or patients into differing clusters may provide insights into possible molecular mechanism of drug metabolism and creates a rationale for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Petushkova
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikhail A. Pyatnitskiy
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olesya V. Larina
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana P. Trifonova
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julya S. Kisrieva
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia F. Samenkova
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina P. Kuznetsova
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina I. Karuzina
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Lisitsa
- V. N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Postgen Tech LLC, Moscow, Russia
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Luo D, Fajol A, Umbach AT, Noegel AA, Laufer S, Lang F, Föller M. Influence of annexin A7 on insulin sensitivity of cellular glucose uptake. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:641-9. [PMID: 24903239 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin sensitivity is decreased by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major product of cyclooxygenase (COX). As shown in erythrocytes, PGE2 formation is inhibited by annexin A7. The present study defined the role of annexin A7 in glucose metabolism. Gene-targeted mice lacking annexin A7 (annexin7 (-/-)) were compared to wild-type mice (annexin7 (+/+)). The serum 6-Keto-prostaglandin-F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α) concentration was measured by ELISA and hepatic COX activity determined by an enzyme assay. Expression of COX-1, COX-2, prostaglandin E synthase, GLUT-4, and insulin receptor was determined by Western blotting. Glucose and insulin serum concentrations were analyzed following an intraperitoneal glucose load and glucose serum levels after intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Experiments were done without and with pretreatment of the mice with COX-inhibitor aspirin. The serum 6-Keto-PGF1α level and hepatic COX activity were significantly higher in annexin7 (-/-) than in annexin7 (+/+) mice. Hepatic COX-1 expression was higher in annexin7 (-/-) mice. Glucose tolerance was decreased in annexin7 (-/-) mice. Intraperitoneal insulin injection decreased the serum glucose level in both genotypes, an effect significantly less pronounced in annexin7 (-/-) mice. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was higher in annexin7 (-/-) mice. GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle from annexin7 (-/-) mice was reduced. Aspirin pretreatment lowered the increase in insulin concentration following glucose injection in both genotypes and virtually abrogated the differences in serum insulin between the genotypes. Aspirin pretreatment improved glucose tolerance in annexin7 (-/-) mice. In conclusion, annexin A7 influences insulin sensitivity of cellular glucose uptake and thus glucose tolerance. These effects depend on COX activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Álvarez-Chaver P, Otero-Estévez O, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Martínez-Zorzano VS. Proteomics for discovery of candidate colorectal cancer biomarkers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3804-3824. [PMID: 24744574 PMCID: PMC3983438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe and other Western countries, mainly due to the lack of well-validated clinically useful biomarkers with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect this disease at early stages. Although it is well known that the pathogenesis of CRC is a progressive accumulation of mutations in multiple genes, much less is known at the proteome level. Therefore, in the last years many proteomic studies have been conducted to find new candidate protein biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and as therapeutic targets for this malignancy, as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis. An important advantage of the proteomic approaches is the capacity to look for multiple differentially expressed proteins in a single study. This review provides an overview of the recent reports describing the different proteomic tools used for the discovery of new protein markers for CRC such as two-dimensional electrophoresis methods, quantitative mass spectrometry-based techniques or protein microarrays. Additionally, we will also focus on the diverse biological samples used for CRC biomarker discovery such as tissue, serum and faeces, besides cell lines and murine models, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and summarize the most frequently identified candidate CRC markers.
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Wu Y, Jin Y, Pan W, Ye C, Sun X, Sun Y, Hu B, Zhou J. Comparative proteomics analysis of host cells infected with Brucella abortus A19. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1130-43. [PMID: 24519676 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a proteomic analysis of THP-1-derived macrophages with and without Brucella abortus A19 (B. abortus A19) infection in order to study the cellular responses to B. abortus A19. The proteins were analyzed at different time points after infection with 2DE followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Comparative analysis of multiple 2DE gels revealed that the majority of changes in protein abundance appeared between 48 and 96 h after infection. MS identified 44 altered proteins, including 20 proteins increased in abundance and 24 proteins decreased in abundance, which were found to be involved in cytoskeleton, signal transduction, energy metabolism, host macromolecular biosynthesis, and stress response. Moreover, 22 genes corresponding to the altered proteins were quantified by real-time RT-PCR to examine the transcriptional profiles between infected and uninfected THP-1-derived macrophages. Finally, we mapped the altered pathways and networks using ingenuity pathway analysis, which suggested that the altered protein species were heavily favored germ cell-Sertoli cell junction signaling as the primary pathway. Furthermore, mechanisms of viral exit from host cell and macrophage stimulating protein-recepteur d'origine nantais signaling appeared to be major pathways modulated in infected cells. This study effectively provides useful dynamic protein-related information concerning B. abortus infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Wang K, Huang C, Nice EC. Proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics: their emerging roles in the discovery and validation of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:179-205. [PMID: 24611605 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in females and the third in males. Since CRC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when prognosis is poor, identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis is urgently required. Recent advances in proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics have facilitated high-throughput profiling of data generated from CRC-related genes and proteins, providing a window of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, transfer of candidate biomarkers from bench to bedside remains a dilemma. In this review, we will discuss emerging proteomic technologies and highlight various sample types utilized for proteomics-based identification of CRC biomarkers. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in genomics and transcriptomics for the identification of CRC biomarkers, with particular emphasis on the merits of emerging methylomic and miRNAomic strategies, will be discussed. Integration of proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics will facilitate the discovery and validation of CRC biomarkers leading to the emergence of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041 , P.R. China
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Luo Y, Wang L, Wang J. Developing proteomics-based biomarkers for colorectal neoplasms for clinical practice: opportunities and challenges. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:30-41. [PMID: 23255431 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from the normal colon epithelium through the accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations that are associated with progression along the histological adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence. Elucidating the molecular alterations underlying disease progression will not only provide insight into the behavior of the tumors, but also could lead to the discovery of useful biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring treatment responsiveness, or predicting disease outcomes. In the past a few years, there have been several evaluating differentially expressed protein biomarkers by employing proteomics technologies coupled with mass spectrometry. In the current review, we will briefly summarize the results from selected recent studies using tissue or serum samples from CRC patients in the past 5 years and discuss the opportunities and challenges in translating these findings from the research setting to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Matsuzaki S, Serada S, Morimoto A, Ueda Y, Yoshino K, Kimura T, Naka T. Annexin A4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of platinum-resistant cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:403-14. [PMID: 24479491 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.882323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum drugs are widely used for the treatment of testicular, bladder, ovarian, colorectal, lung and prostate cancers. With regard to ovarian cancer in particular, the prognosis is poor for tumours that are (or have become) platinum-resistant. Determining the mechanism underlying platinum resistance may aid in the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of platinum-resistant tumours. AREAS COVERED This review gives an overview of the characteristics and functions of Annexin (Anx) A4, the mechanism of Anx A4-induced platinum resistance, the association between platinum resistance and platinum transporters, recent reports that Anx A4 overexpression promotes the efflux of platinum drugs via platinum transporters and the association between other Anxs and chemoresistance. The reader will gain an understanding of recent studies on the mechanism of Anx A4-induced chemoresistance. Anx A4 represents a therapeutic target for the treatment of Anx A4-overexpressing platinum-resistant tumours. EXPERT OPINION Anx A4 is overexpressed in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC), and enhanced Anx A4 expression induces platinum resistance. Recent studies showed that Anx A4 is also associated with platinum resistance in cancers other than ovarian CCC. Furthermore, other Anxs are reportedly associated with chemoresistance, suggesting a relationship between the Anx family and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsuzaki
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
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Campbell KA, Minashima T, Zhang Y, Hadley S, Lee YJ, Giovinazzo J, Quirno M, Kirsch T. Annexin A6 interacts with p65 and stimulates NF-κB activity and catabolic events in articular chondrocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3120-9. [PMID: 24022118 DOI: 10.1002/art.38182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ANXA6, the gene for annexin A6, is highly expressed in osteoarthritic (OA) articular chondrocytes but not in healthy articular chondrocytes. This study was undertaken to determine whether annexin A6 affects catabolic events in these cells. METHODS Articular chondrocytes were isolated from Anxa6-knockout mice, wild-type (WT) mice, and human articular cartilage in which ANXA6 was overexpressed. Cells were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and expression of catabolic genes and activation of NF-κB were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assay. Anxa6(-/-) and WT mouse knee joints were injected with IL-1β or the medial collateral ligament was transected and partial resection of the medial meniscus was performed to determine the role of Anxa6 in IL-1β-mediated cartilage destruction and OA progression. The mechanism by which Anxa6 stimulates NF-κB activity was determined by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of IL-1β-treated Anxa6(-/-) and WT mouse chondrocytes for p65 and Anxa6. RESULTS Loss of Anxa6 resulted in decreased NF-κB activation and catabolic marker messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in IL-1β- or TNFα-treated articular chondrocytes, whereas overexpression of ANXA6 resulted in increased NF-κB activity and catabolic marker mRNA levels. Annexin A6 interacted with p65, and loss of Anxa6 caused decreased nuclear translocation and retention of the active p50/p65 NF-κB complex. Cartilage destruction in Anxa6(-/-) mouse knee joints after IL-1β injection or partial medial meniscectomy was reduced as compared to that in WT mouse joints. CONCLUSION Our data define a role of annexin A6 in the modulation of NF-κB activity and in the stimulation of catabolic events in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Campbell
- New York University School of Medicine and Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York
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Chou HC, Chan HL. Effect of glutathione reductase knockdown in response to UVB-induced oxidative stress in human lung adenocarcinoma. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:2. [PMID: 24405781 PMCID: PMC3905656 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione reductase (GR) plays a critical role in the maintenance of physiological redox status in cells. However, the comprehensive investigations of GR-modulated oxidative stress have not been reported. Methods In the present study, we cultured a human lung adenocarcinoma line CL1-0 and its GR-knockdown derivative CL1-0ΔGR to evaluate their differential responses to UVB-irradiation. Results We identified 18 proteins that showed significant changes under UVB-irradiation in CL1-0ΔGR cells rather than in CL1-0 cells. Several proteins involving protein folding, metabolism, protein biosynthesis and redox regulation showed significant changes in expression. Conclusions In summary, the current study used a comprehensive lung adenocarcinoma-based proteomic approach for the identification of GR-modulated protein expression in response to UVB-irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the first global proteomic analysis to investigate the role of GR under UVB-irradiation in mammalian cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer metastasis remains an incompletely understood process that is as complex as it is devastating. In recent years, there has been an increasing push to investigate the biomechanical aspects of tumorigenesis, complementing the research on genetic and biochemical changes. In contrast to the high genetic variability encountered in cancer cells, almost all metastatic cells are subject to the same physical constraints as they leave the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissues, transit through the circulatory system, and finally infiltrate new tissues. Advances in live cell imaging and other biophysical techniques, including measurements of subcellular mechanics, have yielded stunning new insights into the physics of cancer cells. While much of this research has been focused on the mechanics of the cytoskeleton and the cellular microenvironment, it is now emerging that the mechanical properties of the cell nucleus and its connection to the cytoskeleton may play a major role in cancer metastasis, as deformation of the large and stiff nucleus presents a substantial obstacle during the passage through the dense interstitial space and narrow capillaries. Here, we present an overview of the molecular components that govern the mechanical properties of the nucleus, and we discuss how changes in nuclear structure and composition observed in many cancers can modulate nuclear mechanics and promote metastatic processes. Improved insights into this interplay between nuclear mechanics and metastatic progression may have powerful implications in cancer diagnostics and therapy and may reveal novel therapeutic targets for pharmacological inhibition of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Denais
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA,
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Annexin A4 is involved in proliferation, chemo-resistance and migration and invasion in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80359. [PMID: 24244679 PMCID: PMC3823662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) is the second most common subtype of ovarian cancer after high-grade serous adenocarcinomas. CCC tends to develop resistance to the standard platinum-based chemotherapy, and has a poor prognosis when diagnosed in advanced stages. The ANXA4 gene, along with its product, a Ca++-binding annexin A4 (ANXA4) protein, has been identified as the CCC signature gene. We reported two subtypes of ANXA4 with different isoelectric points (IEPs) that are upregulated in CCC cell lines. Although several in vitro investigations have shown ANXA4 to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, chemoresistance, and migration, these studies were generally based on its overexpression in cells other than CCC. To elucidate the function of the ANXA4 in CCC cells, we established CCC cell lines whose ANXA4 expressions are stably knocked down. Two parental cells were used: OVTOKO contains almost exclusively an acidic subtype of ANXA4, and OVISE contains predominantly a basic subtype but also a detectable acidic subtype. ANXA4 knockdown (KO) resulted in significant growth retardation and greater sensitivity to carboplatin in OVTOKO cells. ANXA4-KO caused significant loss of migration and invasion capability in OVISE cells, but this effect was not seen in OVTOKO cells. We failed to find the cause of the different IEPs of ANXA4, but confirmed that the two subtypes are found in clinical CCC samples in ratios that vary by patient. Further investigation to clarify the mechanism that produces the subtypes is needed to clarify the function of ANXA4 in CCC, and might allow stratification and improved treatment strategies for patients with CCC.
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Matsuzaki S, Enomoto T, Serada S, Yoshino K, Nagamori S, Morimoto A, Yokoyama T, Kim A, Kimura T, Ueda Y, Fujita M, Fujimoto M, Kanai Y, Kimura T, Naka T. Annexin A4-conferred platinum resistance is mediated by the copper transporter ATP7A. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1796-809. [PMID: 24150977 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although platinum drugs are often used for the chemotherapy of human cancers, platinum resistance is a major issue and may preclude their use in some cases. We recently reported that enhanced expression of Annexin A4 (Anx A4) increases chemoresistance to carboplatin through increased extracellular efflux of the drug. However, the precise mechanisms underlying that chemoresistance and the relationship of Anx A4 to platinum resistance in vivo remain unclear. In this report, the in vitro mechanism of platinum resistance induced by Anx A4 was investigated in endometrial carcinoma cells (HEC1 cells) with low expression of Anx A4. Forced expression of Anx A4 in HEC1 cells resulted in chemoresistance to platinum drugs. In addition, HEC1 control cells were compared with Anx A4-overexpressing HEC1 cells in xenografted mice. Significantly greater chemoresistance to cisplatin was observed in vivo in Anx A4-overexpressing xenografted mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that exposure to platinum drugs induced relocation of Anx A4 from the cytoplasm to the cellular membrane, where it became colocalized with ATP7A, a copper transporter also well known as a mechanism of platinum efflux. ATP7A expression suppressed by small interfering RNA had no effect on HEC1 control cells in terms of chemosensitivity to platinum drugs. However, suppression of ATP7A in Anx A4-overexpressing platinum-resistant cells improved chemosensitivity to platinum drugs (but not to 5-fluorouracil) to a level comparable to that of control cells. These results indicate that enhanced expression of Anx A4 confers platinum resistance by promoting efflux of platinum drugs via ATP7A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
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Guo C, Liu S, Greenaway F, Sun MZ. Potential role of annexin A7 in cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 423:83-9. [PMID: 23639634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A7 (Anxa7) is a member of the multigene annexin superfamily of Ca(2+)-regulated and phospholipid-binding proteins. Accumulated evidence indicates that the deregulation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and subcellular localization of Anxa7 are associated with the occurrence, invasion, metastasis and progression of a variety of cancers. Anxa7 appears to have a tumor-suppression role in glioblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), melanoma and prostate cancer (CaP) but, controversially and interestingly, Anxa7 also appears to promote the development and malignancies of liver cancer, gastric cancer (GC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). The associations between Anxa7 and malignant tumors as well as potential mechanisms of action are summarized and discussed in current review. Anxa7 has potential for use as a biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of certain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Choi CH, Sung CO, Kim HJ, Lee YY, Song SY, Song T, Kim J, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Bae DS, Kim BG. Overexpression of annexin A4 is associated with chemoresistance in papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1017-23. [PMID: 23290009 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A4 study in ovarian cancer has been primarily focused on clear cell carcinoma, which exhibits strong resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and cellular localization of annexin A4 in serous ovarian carcinomas. We evaluated the expression of annexin A4 with real-time polymerase chain reaction in 40 ovarian serous carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the distribution of the protein within the tumor was studied by immunohistochemistry in 70 epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissues. The levels of annexin A4 transcripts were higher in 14 chemoresistant tumors than those in 26 chemosensitive tumors (P = .013). Immunohistochemical expressions showed that nuclear expression was detected in 14 (20.0%) of 70 samples, and cytoplasmic expression was detected in 17 (24.3%) of 70 samples. The results showed that 35.7% of women with nuclear expression were resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy, whereas only 14.3% of women without expression were chemoresistant (P = .065). In addition, patients with nuclear staining had significantly shorter disease-free survival than did patients who showed negative staining. Multivariate proportional hazards model revealed that the stage and nuclear annexin A4 expression were independent prognostic factors (hazard ratios, 6.34 [P = .001] and 2.85 [P = .011], respectively). This study showed that overexpression and nuclear localization of annexin A4 are related to chemoresistance and poor survival in patients with serous papillary ovarian carcinomas. Future studies are required to develop new therapies targeting annexin A4 in patients with ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea
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40
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Sun Y, Gao G, Cai J, Wang Y, Qu X, He L, Liu F, Zhang Y, Lin K, Ma S, Yang X, Qian X, Zhao X. Annexin A2 is a discriminative serological candidate in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2012. [PMID: 23188673 PMCID: PMC3581600 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the useful markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains incompletely developed. Here, we show that annexin A2 complement alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a widely used liver cancer marker, in the serologically surveillance and early detection of HCC. First, differentially expressed proteins in HCC were identified using a subcellular proteomic approach. Annexin A2 was then selected for further verification. It was found to be overexpressed in HCC tissues (60.7%, 136/224). Using a self-estabished sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that annexin A2 significantly increased in the sera of HCC (n = 175, median, 24.75ng/µl) compared with the healthy (n = 49, median, 16.69ng/µl), benign tumors (n = 19, median, 19.92ng/µl), hepatitis (n = 23, median, 6.48ng/µl) and cirrhosis (n = 51, median, 7.39ng/µl) controls and other malignant tumors (n = 87). Importantly, raised concentrations of annexin A2 were observed in 83.2% (79/95) of early stage (median, 24.32ng/µl) and 78.4% (58/74) of AFP-negative (median, 24.09ng/µl) patients. Annexin A2 alone had a better area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.85) in comparison with AFP (AUC = 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.80) in detecting of early stage HCC. Combining both markers notably improved the diagnostic efficiency of early HCC with an achieved sensitivity of 87.4%. Additionally, the expression characteristics of annexin A2 during hepatocarcinogenesis were detected in p21-HBx gene knockin transgenic mice model. The results showed that annexin A2 expression was substantially elevated in HCC-bearing mice, in accordance with the finding in human samples. In conclusion, annexin A2 may be an independent serological candidate for hepatitis B virus–related HCC, especially in the early stage cases with normal serum AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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41
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Sugihara Y, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tsuda H, Kubota D, Ichikawa H, Fujita S, Kondo T. Laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis reveal proteomic intra-tumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2012. [PMID: 23178874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the proteins for intra-tumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. Tumor cells localized in the ulcer floor, the central area, and the invasive front, as well as normal colorectal epithelial cells were recovered from surgical specimens by laser microdissection. Proteome data were generated by 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry. By distinguishing the tumor cells based on tissue localization, we observed 88 protein spots at a different intensity in tumor cell groups compared to normal epithelial cells. On the contrary, when the tissue localization of the tumor cells was not taken into account, only 1 protein spot was newly detected with a different intensity. The identified proteins corresponded functionally to the expected phenotypes in that particular region: proteins for stress response were identified in the ulcer floor, glucose metabolism proteins were found in the central area, and apoptosis proteins were associated with the invasive front. These results suggested the following: (1) proteome data may reflect the effects of the tissue microenvironment on tumor cells, (2) the tissue localization of tumor cells should be considered in the sampling process when comparing normal and tumor cells, and (3) we can expect novel findings on the backgrounds of intra-tumor heterogeneity by using the proteomic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sugihara
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Peng Y, Li X, Wu M, Yang J, Liu M, Zhang W, Xiang B, Wang X, Li X, Li G, Shen S. New prognosis biomarkers identified by dynamic proteomic analysis of colorectal cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:3077-88. [PMID: 22996014 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The initiation, promotion and progression of human cancer are complex, polygenic, multi-factored processes. Through systematic proteomic analysis, different stages of CRC (colorectal cancer) biopsies were examined, and 199 differentially expressed proteins were detected between TNM (the tumor, nodes, and metastasis) stages I-IV and normal tissue (One-Way Analysis of Variance, ANOVA; p≤ 0.05). Instead of looking for biomarkers to distinguish CRC from normal or identify metastatic tumors, we focused on the variation tendency of CRC carcinogenesis and the dynamic expression patterns of proteins among the different stages. Som (self-organizing map clustering) analysis revealed eight unique expression patterns and that the cancer-related proteins were dynamically expressed, and their expression levels changed continuously throughout tumorigenesis. Molecular evidence emerged much earlier than visible, clinical or histological changes, which shows the potential prospect of building molecular staging. Proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) were mainly involved in energy metabolism, acetylation and signaling pathways. Validation experiments using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) agreed with the 2D-DIGE (two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis) data. After survival classifier and LOOCV (leave-one-out cross-validation) analyses, the new prognostic biomarkers (78 kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein precursor (GRP78), Fructose-bisphosphate Aldolase A (ALDOA), Carbonic Anhydrase I (CA1) and Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A or Cyclophilin A (PPIA)) provided good survival prediction for TNM stage I-IV patients. The new biomarkers derived from the dynamic patterns of these proteins' expression provide is a good supplementary method for determining prognosis for CRC, especially for the TNM stage III and IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Peng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
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Effective enrichment of cholangiocarcinoma secretomes using the hollow fiber bioreactor culture system. Talanta 2012; 99:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sugihara Y, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tsuda H, Kubota D, Ichikawa H, Sakamoto K, Nakamura Y, Tomonaga T, Fujita S, Kondo T. Proteomic-based identification of the APC-binding protein EB1 as a candidate of novel tissue biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2012; 75:5342-55. [PMID: 22735596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel candidates of biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC) were investigated using a proteomic approach. The proteome of normal colorectal epithelial tissues was compared with that of the tumor ones in 59 CRC patients using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Of 3458 protein spots, 110 exhibited statistically significant (p<0.01) differences in intensity (more than 2.5-folds) between the normal and tumor tissue groups. Of 67 unique gene products that were identified for 105 of the 110 protein spots, we focused on the higher expression of the adenoma polyposis coli-binding protein EB1 (EB1). EB1 was originally discovered as a binding protein of APC, which is a tumor suppressor gene product, and the expression of EB1 has been associated with poor prognosis in several malignancies but not in CRC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 132 CRC cases revealed that EB1 was overexpressed in tumor cells in correlation with poor prognosis. Suppression of EB1 by RNAi inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion. In this study, the overexpression of EB1 in CRC tissues correlating with prognosis, and its functional contribution to the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells are described. The present findings indicate that EB1 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sugihara
- Division of Pharmacoproteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
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Lai JH, She TF, Juang YM, Tsay YG, Huang AH, Yu SL, Chen JJW, Lai CC. Comparative proteomic profiling of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL 1-0) expressing miR-372. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:675-88. [PMID: 22451061 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a common malignancy and has a poor overall prognosis. Widespread metastasis is a common phenomenon in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has been demonstrated that cancer relapse and survival can be predicted by the presence of a five-microRNA (miRNA) signature independent of stage or histologic type in NSCLC patients. Among the five miRNAs in the signature, miR-372 has been shown to play a significant role in metastasis and in the development of human testicular germ cell tumors. In addition, there is evidence that miR-372 posttranscriptionally downregulates large tumor suppressor, homolog 2 (Lats2), resulting in tumorigenesis and proliferation. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in miR-372-induced silencing, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of NSCLC CL 1-0 cells expressing miRNA-372 and/or vector only by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and LC/MS/MS. Proteins identified as being up- or downregulated were further classified according to their biological functions. Many of the proteins identified in our study may be potential diagnostic biomarkers of NSCLC, particularly phosphorylated eIF4A-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juo-Hsin Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Proteomics of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella DH01: Detection and identification of cell surface proteins using fluorescent labeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Sofiadis A, Becker S, Hellman U, Hultin-Rosenberg L, Dinets A, Hulchiy M, Zedenius J, Wallin G, Foukakis T, Höög A, Auer G, Lehtiö J, Larsson C. Proteomic profiling of follicular and papillary thyroid tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:657-67. [PMID: 22275472 PMCID: PMC3315832 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid proteomics is a new direction in thyroid cancer research aiming at etiological understanding and biomarker identification for improved diagnosis. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was applied to cytosolic protein extracts from frozen thyroid samples (ten follicular adenomas, nine follicular carcinomas, ten papillary carcinomas, and ten reference thyroids). Spots with differential expression were revealed by image and multivariate statistical analyses, and identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS A set of 25 protein spots significant for discriminating between the sample groups was identified. Proteins identified for nine of these spots were studied further including 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, epsilon, and zeta/delta, peroxiredoxin 6, selenium-binding protein 1, protein disulfide-isomerase precursor, annexin A5 (ANXA5), tubulin alpha-1B chain, and α1-antitrypsin precursor. This subset of protein spots carried the same predictive power in differentiating between follicular carcinoma and adenoma or between follicular and papillary carcinoma, as compared with the larger set of 25 spots. Protein expression in the sample groups was demonstrated by western blot analyses. For ANXA5 and the 14-3-3 proteins, expression in tumor cell cytoplasm was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry both in the sample groups and an independent series of papillary thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSION The proteins identified confirm previous findings in thyroid proteomics, and suggest additional proteins as dysregulated in thyroid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Protein Array Analysis/methods
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Validation Studies as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01 Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Wu B, Zhang F, Yu M, Zhao P, Ji W, Zhang H, Han J, Niu R. Up-regulation of Anxa2 gene promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:189-98. [PMID: 22452352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metastatic ability of breast cancer cells with chemoresistant properties is higher when compared to that of their parental wild-type cells. Expression of AnnexinA2 (Anxa2), a 36-kDa calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is increased in metastatic tumours and has been found to be associated with the phenotype of drug resistance and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that up-regulation of Anxa2 correlates with enhanced migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed that exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs may induce elevated expression of Anxa2. In addition, our data have shown that Anxa2 might influence proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells by increasing expression of c-myc and cyclin D1 via activation of Erk1/2 signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that up-regulation of Anxa2 may play an important role in modulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells through regulation of many relevant downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Because of the association between aberrant nuclear structure and tumour grade, nuclear morphology is an indispensible criterion in the current pathological assessment of cancer. Components of the nuclear envelope environment have central roles in many aspects of cell function that affect tumour development and progression. As the roles of the nuclear envelope components, including nuclear pore complexes and nuclear lamina, are being deciphered in molecular detail there are opportunities to harness this knowledge for cancer therapeutics and biomarker development. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made in our understanding of the nuclear envelope and the implications of changes in this environment for cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Hoe Chow
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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50
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Giusti L, Iacconi P, Valle YD, Ciregia F, Ventroni T, Donadio E, Giannaccini G, Chiarugi M, Torregrossa L, Proietti A, Basolo F, Lucacchini A. A proteomic profile of washing fluid from the colorectal tract to search for potential biomarkers of colon cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1088-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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