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Zhu X, Tang R, Wang S, Chen X, Hu J, Lei C, Huang Y, Wang H, Nie Z, Yao S. Protein@Inorganic Nanodumpling System for High-Loading Protein Delivery with Activatable Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging Capabilities. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2172-2182. [PMID: 31990525 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efficient protein delivery into the target cell is highly desirable for protein therapeutics. Current approaches for protein delivery commonly suffer from low-loading protein capacity, poor specificity for target cells, and invisible protein release. Herein, we report a protein@inorganic nanodumpling (ND) system as an intracellular protein delivery platform. Similar to a traditional Chinese food, the dumpling, ND consists of a protein complex "filling" formed by metal-ion-directed self-assembly of protein cargos fused to histidine-rich green fluorescent proteins (H39GFPs), which are further encapsulated by an external surface "wrapper" of manganese dioxide (MnO2) via in situ biomineralization. This ND structure allows for a high loading capacity (>63 wt %) for protein cargos with enhanced stability. NDs can be targeted and internalized into cancer cells specifically through folic acid receptors by surface-tailored folic acid. The protein cargo release is in a bistimuli-responsive manner, triggered by an either reductive or acidic intracellular microenvironment. Moreover, the MnO2 nanowrapper is an efficient fluorescence quencher for inner fused GFPs and also a "switch-on" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent via triggered release of Mn2+ ions, which enables activatable fluorescence/MRI bimodal imaging of protein release. Finally, the ND is highly potent and specific to deliver functional protein ribonuclease A (RNase A) into cultured target cells and the tumor site in a xenografted mouse model, eliminating the tumor cells with high therapeutic efficacy. Our approach provides a promising alternative to advance protein-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Shigong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- College of Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Honghui Wang
- College of Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P. R. China
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Ahn SB, Mohamedali A, Pascovici D, Adhikari S, Sharma S, Nice EC, Baker MS. Proteomics Reveals Cell‐Surface Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Expression Impacts Most Hallmarks of Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900026. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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Li J, Kong F, Wu K, Song K, He J, Sun W. miR-193b directly targets STMN1 and uPA genes and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2613-20. [PMID: 25215905 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the poorest prognosis among all cancer types, due to its late diagnosis and the lack of effective therapies. Therefore, identification of novel gene targets, which are differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer and functionally involved in the malignant phenotype, is critical to achieve early diagnosis and develop effective therapeutic strategies. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate the expression of their targets. Due to their various targets, miRNAs play a key role in a number of physiological processes and in oncogenesis. Therefore, investigating the role of miRNAs in tumor may contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for various types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we investigated the role of miR-193b in pancreatic cancer. Our data showed that the expression of miR-193b is markedly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to adjacent healthy tissues. The Panc-1 cell line transfected with the miR‑193b exhibited significantly decreased proliferative, migratory, and invasive ability compared to untransfected cells. Moreover, miR-193b inhibited the expression of stathmin 1 (STMN1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in Panc-1 cells. These data suggest that miR-193b acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, miR-193b may constitute a promising therapeutic agent for the suppression of pancreatic cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fujiao Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kemin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Bhandary YP, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Ji HL, Neuenschwander PF, Boggaram V, Morris GF, Fu J, Idell S, Shetty S. Regulation of lung injury and fibrosis by p53-mediated changes in urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:131-43. [PMID: 23665346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type II epithelial cell (ATII) apoptosis and proliferation of mesenchymal cells are the hallmarks of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unknown cause characterized by alveolar epithelial injury and progressive fibrosis. We used a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury to understand the involvement of p53-mediated changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the regulation of alveolar epithelial injury. We found marked induction of p53 in ATII cells from mice exposed to BLM. Transgenic mice expressing transcriptionally inactive dominant negative p53 in ATII cells showed augmented apoptosis, whereas those deficient in p53 resisted BLM-induced ATII cell apoptosis. Inhibition of p53 transcription failed to suppress PAI-1 or induce uPA mRNA in BLM-treated ATII cells. ATII cells from mice with BLM injury showed augmented binding of p53 to uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and PAI-1 mRNA. p53-binding sequences from uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA 3' untranslated regions neither interfered with p53 DNA binding activity nor p53-mediated promoter transactivation. However, increased expression of p53-binding sequences from uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA 3' untranslated regions in ATII cells suppressed PAI-1 and induced uPA after BLM treatment, leading to inhibition of ATII cell apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings indicate that disruption of p53-fibrinolytic system cross talk may serve as a novel intervention strategy to prevent lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhar P Bhandary
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
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Inder KL, Davis M, Hill MM. Ripples in the pond--using a systems approach to decipher the cellular functions of membrane microdomains. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:330-8. [PMID: 23322173 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts and caveolae regulate a myriad of cellular functions including cell signalling, protein trafficking, cell viability, and cell movement. They have been implicated in diseases such as cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the essential role they play in cell processes. Despite much research and debate on the size, composition and dynamics of membrane microdomains, the molecular mechanism(s) of their action remain poorly understood. Most studies have dealt solely with the content and properties of the membrane microdomain as an entity in itself. However, recent work shows that membrane microdomain disruption has wide ranging effects on other subcellular compartments, and the cell as a whole. Hence we propose that a systems approach incorporating many cellular attributes such as subcellular localisation is required in order to understand the global impact of microdomains on cell function. Although analysis of sub-proteome changes already provides additional insight, we further propose biological network analysis of functional proteomics data to capture effects at the systems level. In this review, we highlight the use of protein-protein interactions networks and mixed networks to portray and visualize the relationships between proteins within and between subcellular fractions. Such a systems analysis will be required to improve our understanding of the full cellular function of membrane microdomains.
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Asuthkar S, Gondi CS, Nalla AK, Velpula KK, Gorantla B, Rao JS. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling is enhanced in irradiated medulloblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20576-89. [PMID: 22511755 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.348888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is known to promote invasion, migration, and metastasis in cancer cells. In this report, we showed that ionizing radiation (IR)-induced uPAR has a role in WNT-β-catenin signaling and mediates induction of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in medulloblastoma cell lines UW228 and D283. We observed that IR induced the expression of uPAR and CSC markers, such as Musashi-1 and CD44, and activated WNT-7a-β-catenin signaling molecules. Overexpression of uPAR alone or with IR treatment led to increased WNT-7a-β-catenin-TCF/LEF-mediated transactivation, thereby promoting cancer stemness. In contrast, treatment with shRNA specific for uPAR (pU) suppressed WNT-7a-β-catenin-TCF/LEF-mediated transactivation both in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin, a potent WNT/β-catenin inhibitor, suppressed uPAR and uPAR-mediated WNT/β-catenin activation, and furthermore, addition of recombinant human WNT-7a protein induced uPAR, indicating the existence of a mutual regulatory relationship between uPAR and WNT/β-catenin signaling. We showed that uPAR was physically associated with the WNT effector molecule β-catenin on the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of IR-treated cells and CSC. Most interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time that localization of uPAR in the nucleus was associated with transcription factors (TF) and their specific response elements. We observed from uPAR-ChIP, TF protein, and protein/DNA array analyses that uPAR associates with activating enhancer-binding protein 2α (AP2a) and mediates β-catenin gene transcription. Moreover, association of uPAR with the β-catenin·TCF/LEF complex and various other TF involved during embryonic development and cancer indicates that uPAR is a potent activator of stemness, and targeting of uPAR in combination with radiation has significant therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Asuthkar
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605, USA
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Lapek JD, McGrath JL, Ricke WA, Friedman AE. LC/LC-MS/MS of an innovative prostate human epithelial cancer (PHEC) in vitro model system. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:34-42. [PMID: 22425387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the proteomic characterization of a novel in vitro prostate cancer model system, the clonal prostatic human epithelial cancer (PHEC) cell lines. The model is composed of three cell lines representing the three progressive cancer states found in vivo: non-tumorigenic, tumorigenic, and metastatic. The cell lines were evaluated for differential protein expression between states using two dimensional liquid:liquid chromatographic separation followed by mass spectral identification. The proteins from cellular extracts were first separated using liquid:liquid primary separation based on their isoelectric points and hydrophobicity. The resulting peptide fractions were applied to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) separation for mass determination and protein identification based on Mascot database inquiry. Over 200 proteins that change expression over the course of progression of this in vitro prostate cancer model were discovered during the comparative analysis of the three cell lines. The importance of these proteins on prostate cancer progression remains to be elucidated with further characterizations. The combination of the two dimensional liquid:liquid separation and mass spectral identifications was used to successfully analyze differential protein expression between multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lapek
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
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Lei Y, Huang K, Gao C, Lau QC, Pan H, Xie K, Li J, Liu R, Zhang T, Xie N, Nai HS, Wu H, Dong Q, Zhao X, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Proteomics identification of ITGB3 as a key regulator in reactive oxygen species-induced migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.005397. [PMID: 21622897 PMCID: PMC3205852 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.005397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and second in females worldwide. Unfortunately 40-50% of patients already have metastatic disease at presentation when prognosis is poor with a 5-year survival of <10%. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to play a crucial role in tumor metastasis. We now show that higher levels of ROS accumulation are found in a colorectal cancer-derived metastatic cell line (SW620) compared with a cell line (SW480) derived from the primary lesion from the same patient. In addition, ROS accumulation can affect both the migratory and invasive capacity of SW480 and SW620 cells. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying ROS-induced migration and invasion in CRC, we have compared protein expression patterns between SW480 and SW620 cells using a two-dimensional electrophoresis-based proteomics strategy. A total of 63 altered proteins were identified from tandem MS analysis. Cluster analysis revealed dysregulated expression of multiple redox regulative or ROS responsive proteins, implicating their functional roles in colorectal cancer metastasis. Molecular and pathological validation demonstrated that altered expression of PGAM1, GRB2, DJ-1, ITGB3, SOD-1, and STMN1 was closely correlated with the metastatic potential of CRC. Functional studies showed that ROS markedly up-regulated expression of ITGB3, which in turn promoted an aggressive phenotype in SW480 cells, with concomitant up-regulated expression of STMN1. In contrast, knockdown of ITGB3 expression could mitigate the migratory and invasive potential of SW620 or H(2)O(2)-treated SW480 cells, accompanied by down-regulated expression of STMN1. The function of ITGB3 was dependent on the surface expression of integrin αvβ3 heterodimer. Furthermore, STMN1 expression and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway were found to be involved in ROS-induced and ITGB3-mediated migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, these studies suggest that ITGB3 plays an important role in ROS-induced migration and invasion in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lei
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Quek Choon Lau
- ¶School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic. 535 Clementi Road, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hua Pan
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xie
- §Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Na Xie
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Huey Shan Nai
- ¶School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic. 535 Clementi Road, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Wu
- ‖Department of Urology and General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- ‖Department of Urology and General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- **Monash University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- From the ‡The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Staubach S, Hanisch FG. Lipid rafts: signaling and sorting platforms of cells and their roles in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:263-77. [PMID: 21501018 DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are defined as microdomains within the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes that assemble subsets of transmembrane or glycosylphosphatidylinisotol-anchored proteins and lipids (cholesterol and sphingolipids) and experimentally resist extraction in cold detergent (detergent-resistant membrane). These highly dynamic raft domains are essential in signaling processes and also form sorting platforms for targeted protein traffic. Lipid rafts are involved in protein endocytosis that occurs via caveolae or flotillin-dependent pathways. Non-constitutive protein components of rafts fluctuate dramatically in cancer with impacts on cell proliferation, signaling, protein trafficking, adhesion and apoptosis. This article focuses on the identification of candidate cancer-associated biomarkers in carcinoma cells using state-of-the-art proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Staubach
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Mohan S, Nigam P, Kundu S, Prakash R. A label-free genosensor for BRCA1 related sequence based on impedance spectroscopy. Analyst 2010; 135:2887-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ikonomou G, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G. Proteomic methodologies and their application in colorectal cancer research. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:319-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10408360903375277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Analyses of the spleen proteome of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus. Virology 2009; 390:356-67. [PMID: 19540544 PMCID: PMC7103390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Marek's disease virus (MDV), which causes a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, is known to induce host responses leading to protection against disease in a manner dependent on genetic background of chickens and virulence of the virus. In the present study, changes in the spleen proteome at 7, 14 and 21 days post-infection in response to MDV infection were studied using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using one-dimensional liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (1D LC ESI MS/MS). Comparative analysis of multiple gels revealed that the majority of changes had occurred at early stages of the disease. In total, 61 protein spots representing 48 host proteins were detected as either quantitatively (false discovery rate (FDR)<or=0.05 and fold change>or=2) or qualitatively differentially expressed at least once during different sampling points. Overall, the proteins identified in the present study are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as the antigen processing and presentation, ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation (UPP), formation of the cytoskeleton, cellular metabolism, signal transduction and regulation of translation. Notably, early stages of the disease were characterized by changes in the UPP, and antigen presentation. Furthermore, changes indicative of active cell proliferation as well as apoptosis together with significant changes in cytoskeletal components that were observed throughout the experimental period suggested the complexity of the pathogenesis. The present findings provide a basis for further studies aimed at elucidation of the role of these proteins in MDV interactions with its host.
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Byrne JC, Downes MR, O'Donoghue N, O'Keane C, O'Neill A, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Dunn M, Watson RWG. 2D-DIGE as a strategy to identify serum markers for the progression of prostate cancer. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:942-57. [PMID: 19093873 DOI: 10.1021/pr800570s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ malignancy affecting men in the United States and Western Europe. Currently, the main diagnostic tools used to look for evidence of prostate cancer include physical examination using digital rectal exam (DRE), serum concentrations of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and biopsy. However, due to the low specificity of PSA in differentiating prostate cancer from other benign conditions, many patients undergo overtreatment for their disease. There is an urgent need for additional markers to improve the diagnostic accuracy for early stages of prostate cancer. Proteomic analysis of serum has the potential to identify such markers. An initial discovery study has been completed using 12 serum samples from patients with different grades of prostate cancer (Gleason score 5 and 7) undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum samples were subjected to immunoaffinity depletion and protein expression analysis using 2D-DIGE. Image analysis isolated 63 spots that displayed differential expression between the Gleason score 5 and 7 cohorts (p < 0.05), 13 of which were identified as statistically significant using two independent image analysis packages. Identification of differentially expressed spots was carried out using LC-MS/MS. Because of their functional relevance and potential significance with regards to prostate cancer progression, two of these proteins, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG), have undergone extensive validation in serum and tissue samples from the original cohort and also from a larger independent cohort of patients. These results have indicated that PEDF is a more accurate predictor of early stage prostate cancer. We are confident that proteomics-based approaches have the potential to provide more insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease and also hold great promise for biomarker discovery in prostate cancer.
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