1
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Meng JH, Huang YB, Long J, Cai QC, Qiao X, Zhang QL, Zhang LD, Yan X, Jing R, Liu XS, Zhou SJ, Yuan YS, Yin-Chen Ma, Zhou LX, Peng NN, Li XC, Cai CH, Tang HM, Martins AF, Jiang JX, Kai-Jun Luo. Innexin hemichannel activation by Microplitis bicoloratus ecSOD monopolymer reduces ROS. iScience 2024; 27:109469. [PMID: 38577101 PMCID: PMC10993139 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular superoxide dismutases (ecSODs) secreted by Microplitis bicoloratus reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by the Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial transferase hexapeptide (hexapep) motif and bacterial-immunoglobulin-like (BIg-like) domain of ecSODs bind to the cell membrane and transiently open hemichannels, facilitating ROS reductions. RNAi-mediated ecSOD silencing in vivo elevated ROS in host hemocytes, impairing parasitoid larva development. In vitro, the ecSOD-monopolymer needed to be membrane bound to open hemichannels. Furthermore, the hexapep motif in the beta-sandwich of ecSOD49 and ecSOD58, and BIg-like domain in the signal peptides of ecSOD67 were required for cell membrane binding. Hexapep motif and BIg-like domain deletions induced ecSODs loss of adhesion and ROS reduction failure. The hexapep motif and BIg-like domain mediated ecSOD binding via upregulating innexins and stabilizing the opened hemichannels. Our findings reveal a mechanism through which ecSOD reduces ROS, which may aid in developing anti-redox therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Biao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jin Long
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiang Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Shan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Sai-Jun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Chen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hui Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - André F. Martins
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kai-Jun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Yunnan International Joint Laboratory of Virology & Immunology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the University in Yunnan Province for International Cooperation in Intercellular Communications and Regulations, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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de Sandozequi A, Martínez‐Anaya C. Bacterial surface-exposed lipoproteins and sortase-mediated anchored cell surface proteins in plant infection. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1382. [PMID: 37877658 PMCID: PMC10501053 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope is involved in all stages of infection and the study of its components and structures is important to understand how bacteria interact with the extracellular milieu. Thanks to new techniques that focus on identifying bacterial surface proteins, we now better understand the specific components involved in host-pathogen interactions. In the fight against the deleterious effects of pathogenic bacteria, bacterial surface proteins (at the cell envelope) are important targets as they play crucial roles in the colonization and infection of host tissues. These surface proteins serve functions such as protection, secretion, biofilm formation, nutrient intake, metabolism, and virulence. Bacteria use different mechanisms to associate proteins to the cell surface via posttranslational modification, such as the addition of a lipid moiety to create lipoproteins and attachment to the peptidoglycan layer by sortases. In this review, we focus on these types of proteins (and provide examples of others) that are associated with the bacterial cell envelope by posttranslational modifications and their roles in plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés de Sandozequi
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y BiocatálisisInstituto de BiotecnologíaCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Claudia Martínez‐Anaya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y BiocatálisisInstituto de BiotecnologíaCuernavacaMéxico
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3
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Vezina B, Rosa MN, Canu A, Tola S. Genomic surveillance reveals antibiotic resistance gene transmission via phage recombinases within sheep mastitis-associated Streptococcus uberis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:264. [PMID: 35799261 PMCID: PMC9261030 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus uberis is one of the main causative agents of ovine mastitis, however little is known about this global, environmental pathogen and its genomic mechanisms of disease. In this study, we performed genomic analysis on 46 S. uberis isolates collected from mastitis-infected sheep in Sardinia (Italy). Results Genomes were assigned into lineage clusters using PopPUNK, which found 27 distinct isolate clusters, indicating considerable genetic variability consistent with environmental isolates. Geographic trends were identified including regional linkage of several isolate clusters. Multi-locus Sequence Typing (MLST) performed poorly and provided no new insights. Genomes were then screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, which were compared to phenotypic resistance profiles. Isolates showed consistent phenotypic resistance to aminoglycosides with variable resistance to novobiocin and tetracycline. In general, identification of antimicrobial resistance genes did not correlate with phenotypic resistance profiles, indicating unknown genetic determinants. A multi-antimicrobial resistance cassette (aminoglycoside, lincosamide and streptogramin) was identified in the chromosome of three genomes, flanked by vestigial phage recombinases. This locus appears to have spread horizontally within discrete S. uberis populations within a 40 km radius (Sassari region). Genomes were screened for putative virulence factors, which identified 16 genes conserved between sheep and cow isolates, with no host-specific genes shared uniformly across all host-specific isolates. Pangenomic analysis was then performed to identify core genes which were putatively surface-exposed, for identification of potential vaccine targets. As all genomes encoded sortase, core genes were screened for the sortase cleavage motif. Of the 1445 core S. uberis genes, 64 were putative sortase substrates and were predominantly adhesins, permeases and peptidases, consistent with compounds found within ruminant milk such as xanthine, fibronectin and lactoferrin. Conclusions This study demonstrated the importance of whole genome sequencing for surveillance of S. uberis and tracking horizontal acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as providing insight into genetic determinants of disease, which cannot be inferred from the MLST schemes. Future mastitis surveillance should be informed by genomic analysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03341-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vezina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Maria Nives Rosa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Canu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sebastiana Tola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi", Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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4
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Sherwin VE, Green MJ, Leigh JA, Egan SA. Assessment of the prevalence of Streptococcus uberis in dairy cow feces and implications for herd health. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12042-12052. [PMID: 34334197 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a major causative agent of bovine mastitis worldwide, negatively affecting both milk production and animal welfare. Mammary infections result from environmental reservoirs, with cattle themselves required to propagate the infection cycle. Two longitudinal studies were performed to investigate the prevalence of Streptococcus uberis within feces and to evaluate factors which may affect gastrointestinal carriage. Bacterial detection was confirmed using a PCR-based method directed against sub0888 that detected S. uberis at an analytical sensitivity of 12 cfu/g of bovine feces. The first study sampled an entire herd at 8-wk intervals, over a 10-mo period and identified that maintenance of S. uberis within the dairy cow environment was due to a high proportion of animals shedding S. uberis and not due to a low number of "super-shedding" cows within the herd. Seasonality influenced detection rates, with detection levels significantly higher for housed cattle compared with those at pasture. Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify significant factors that affected S. uberis detection; these included parity, stage of lactation, and body condition score. An additional study involved screening a smaller cohort of cows housed over a 4-wk period and identified an increased probability of detection if cows were housed in loose straw yards, compared those in straw cubicles. This study highlighted several cow and management related factors that affect both detection of S. uberis and future infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Sherwin
- School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE12 5RD.
| | - Martin J Green
- School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE12 5RD
| | - James A Leigh
- School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE12 5RD
| | - Sharon A Egan
- School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE12 5RD
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5
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Susmitha A, Bajaj H, Madhavan Nampoothiri K. The divergent roles of sortase in the biology of Gram-positive bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:100055. [PMID: 34195501 PMCID: PMC8225981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall contains numerous surface-exposed proteins, which are covalently anchored and assembled by a sortase family of transpeptidase enzymes. The sortase are cysteine transpeptidases that catalyzes the covalent attachment of surface protein to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Among the reported six classes of sortases, each distinct class of sortase plays a unique biological role in anchoring a variety of surface proteins to the peptidoglycan of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Sortases not only exhibit virulence and pathogenesis properties to host cells, but also possess a significant role in gut retention and immunomodulation in probiotic microbes. The two main distinct functions are to attach proteins directly to the cell wall or assemble pili on the microbial surface. This review provides a compendium of the distribution of different classes of sortases present in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and also the noteworthy role played by them in bacterial cell wall assembly which enables each microbe to effectively interact with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyath Susmitha
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Potential factors involved in the early pathogenesis of Streptococcus uberis mastitis: a review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:509-523. [PMID: 34085166 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, which could be the result of allergy, physical trauma, or invasion by pathogens as Streptococcus uberis. This pathogen is an environmental pathogen associated with subclinical and clinical intramammary infection (IMI) in both lactating and non-lactating cows, which can persist in the udder and cause a chronic infection in the mammary gland. In spite of the important economic losses and increased prevalence caused by S. uberis mastitis, virulence factors involved in bacterial colonization of mammary glands and the pathogenic mechanisms are not yet clear. In the last 30 years, several studies have defined adherence and internalization of S. uberis as the early stages in IMI. S. uberis adheres to and invades into mammary gland cells, and this ability has been observed in in vitro assays. Until now, these abilities have not been determined in vivo challenges since they have been difficult to study. Bacterial surface proteins are able to bind to extracellular matrix protein components such as fibronectin, collagen and laminin, as well as proteins in milk. These proteins play a role in adhesion to host cells and have been denominated microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). This article aims to summarize our current knowledge on the most relevant properties of the potential factors involved in the early pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis.
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Vezina B, Al-Harbi H, Ramay HR, Soust M, Moore RJ, Olchowy TWJ, Alawneh JI. Sequence characterisation and novel insights into bovine mastitis-associated Streptococcus uberis in dairy herds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3046. [PMID: 33542314 PMCID: PMC7862697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most frequent mastitis-causing pathogens isolated from dairy cows. Further understanding of S. uberis genetics may help elucidate the disease pathogenesis. We compared the genomes of S. uberis isolates cultured from dairy cows located in distinctly different geographic regions of Australia. All isolates had novel multi locus sequence types (MLST) indicating a highly diverse population of S. uberis. Global clonal complexes (GCC) were more conserved. GCC ST86 and GCC ST143 represented 30% of the total isolates (n = 27) and were clustered within different geographic regions. Core genome phylogeny revealed low phylogenetic clustering by region, isolation source, and MLST. Identification of putative sortase (srtA) substrates and generation of a custom putative virulence factor database revealed genes which may explain the affinity of S. uberis for mammary tissue, evasion of antimicrobial efforts and disease pathogenesis. Of 27 isolates, four contained antibiotic resistance genes including an antimicrobial resistance cluster containing mel/mef(A), mrsE, vatD, lnuD, and transposon-mediated lnuC was also identified. These are novel genes for S. uberis, which suggests interspecies lateral gene transfer. The presence of resistance genes across the two geographic regions tested within one country supports the need for a careful, tailored, implementation and monitoring of antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vezina
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.,Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hulayyil Al-Harbi
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Hena R Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Soust
- Terragen Biotech Pty Ltd., Coolum Beach, QLD, 4573, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Timothy W J Olchowy
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - John I Alawneh
- Good Clinical Practice Research Group (GCPRG), The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia. .,The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
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8
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PCR-Based Direct Detection of Streptococcus uberis from Subclinical and Clinical Dairy Cattle Milk Samples. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8828624. [PMID: 33376590 PMCID: PMC7746883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the leading causes worldwide of mastitis in the dairy industry, with the most likely sources of infection attributed to environmental reservoirs such as contaminated bedding materials. Early detection of those cases most likely to progress to clinical disease would lead to improved animal welfare, a critical component of overall health and productivity. A multiplex PCR-based diagnostic test was developed for detection of S. uberis directly from milk and targeting two genes previously identified as important for intramammary colonisation and persistence in dairy cattle. Results indicated the threshold for detection directly from milk was 20,000 CFU/ml and this was achieved without the need for preenrichment. In addition, S. uberis could be identified from milk samples collected during intramammary challenge studies, prior to clinical signs of infection and at much lower detection limits. The PCR test developed for confirmation of the presence of S. uberis directly from infected milk has potential value as a diagnostic test to identify early infection and/or to confirm that antibiotic therapy has been successful.
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9
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Archer N, Egan SA, Coffey TJ, Emes RD, Addis MF, Ward PN, Blanchard AM, Leigh JA. A Paradox in Bacterial Pathogenesis: Activation of the Local Macrophage Inflammasome Is Required for Virulence of Streptococcus uberis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120997. [PMID: 33260788 PMCID: PMC7768481 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of intramammary infection and mastitis in dairy cattle. Unlike other mammary pathogens, S. uberis evades detection by mammary epithelial cells, and the host–pathogen interactions during early colonisation are poorly understood. Intramammary challenge of dairy cows with S. uberis (strain 0140J) or isogenic mutants lacking the surface-anchored serine protease, SUB1154, demonstrated that virulence was dependent on the presence and correct location of this protein. Unlike the wild-type strain, the mutant lacking SUB1154 failed to elicit IL-1β from ex vivo CD14+ cells obtained from milk (bovine mammary macrophages, BMM), but this response was reinstated by complementation with recombinant SUB1154; the protein in isolation elicited no response. Production of IL-1β was ablated in the presence of various inhibitors, indicating dependency on internalisation and activation of NLRP3 and caspase-1, consistent with inflammasome activation. Similar transcriptomic changes were detected in ex vivo BMM in response to the wild-type or the SUB1154 deletion mutant, consistent with S. uberis priming BMM, enabling the SUB1154 protein to activate inflammasome maturation in a transcriptionally independent manner. These data can be reconciled in a novel model of pathogenesis in which, paradoxically, early colonisation is dependent on the innate response to the initial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Archer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Sharon A. Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Tracey J. Coffey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Richard D. Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M. Filippa Addis
- Porto Conte Ricerche, 07041 Alghero, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Philip N. Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
| | - Adam M. Blanchard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
| | - James A. Leigh
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (N.A.); (S.A.E.); (T.J.C.); (R.D.E.); (A.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Fessia AS, Dieser SA, Renna MS, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Relative expression of genes associated with adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial cells by Streptococcus uberis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:33-41. [PMID: 32474263 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most prevalent environmental pathogens of bovine mastitis. Biofilm growth ability by S. uberis looks to depend first upon the adherence of cells to a surface. The S. uberis ability to adhere to mammary gland epithelia might provide an advantage to colonize the lactating mammary gland. The objectives of this study were (a) to select S.uberis strains according to their ability to form biofilm, (b) to determine adherence to and internalization into MAC-T cells and (c) to investigate the expression profile adherence genes in these S. uberis strains. For the assays, the MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used. Relative expression of genes acdA, lmb, scpA, sua, fbp and lbp was quantified by RT-qPCR. We observed that the RC38 strain from clinical bovine mastitis showed in the six genes higher values than control in both conditions. While the strain with greater ability to adhere, from clinical mastitis and biofilm producer (RC29) evidenced higher values in group 1 (G1) (bacteria after the initial contact with MAC-T cells) and decrease in group 2 (G2) (both adhered and internalized bacteria) than control. Strains with a moderate or strong capacity for biofilm production showed significantly lower relative expression values in the G2. In all adherence associated genes, strain RC19 showed relative expression values incremented in G1, while in G2 decreased expression. In conclusion, we did not find a single profile of relative expression because the relative expression levels of each gene differed depending on the strain and the co-culture stage of S. uberis cells from which RNA was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé S Fessia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Silvana A Dieser
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Sol Renna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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A comprehensive in silico analysis of sortase superfamily. J Microbiol 2019; 57:431-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fessia AS, Dieser SA, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Genotyping and study of adherence-related genes of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine mastitis. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:295-301. [PMID: 30914388 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence, conservation, and distribution of 6 potential adherence genes and their relationship with diverse molecular types in 34 S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing with SmaI was performed. The PCR for the detection of each gene, scpA, acdA, fbp, lbp, lmb, and sua was standardized. Samples of the amplification products were purified and sequenced. The PFGE patterns revealed the high level of heterogeneity of S. uberis, with 26 types of PFGE patterns. A high prevalence of scpA, fbp, lbp, lmb and acdA genes (100%-97%) was detected, whereas 79.41% of S. uberis harbored the sua gene. A high degree of similarity in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 6 genes was observed. Our results showed that all genes are conserved and are present in most S. uberis isolates despite the wide clonal heterogeneity detected. This is the first study reporting an analysis of prevalence, and nucleotides and amino acids sequences of the potential adherence genes scpA, acdA, fbp, lbp, and lmb from S. uberis strains versus reported GenBank sequences, S. uberis 0140J and S. uberis NZ01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé S Fessia
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvana A Dieser
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Departamento Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804ZAB, Argentina.
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Jin D, Chen C, Li L, Lu S, Li Z, Zhou Z, Jing H, Xu Y, Du P, Wang H, Xiong Y, Zheng H, Bai X, Sun H, Wang L, Ye C, Gottschalk M, Xu J. Dynamics of fecal microbial communities in children with diarrhea of unknown etiology and genomic analysis of associated Streptococcus lutetiensis. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:141. [PMID: 23782707 PMCID: PMC3716944 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes extracted from fecal samples provide insights into the dynamics of fecal microflora. This potentially gives valuable etiological information for patients whose conditions have been ascribed to unknown pathogens, which cannot be accomplished using routine culture methods. We studied 33 children with diarrhea who were admitted to the Children's Hospital in Shanxi Province during 2006. RESULTS Nineteen of 33 children with diarrhea could not be etiologically diagnosed by routine culture and polymerase chain reaction methods. Eleven of 19 children with diarrhea of unknown etiology had Streptococcus as the most dominant fecal bacterial genus at admission. Eight of nine children whom three consecutive fecal samples were collected had Streptococcus as the dominant fecal bacterial genus, including three in the Streptococcus bovis group and three Streptococcus sp., which was reduced during and after recovery. We isolated strains that were possibly from the S. bovis group from feces sampled at admission, which were then identified as Streptococcus lutetiensis from one child and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus from two children. We sequenced the genome of S. lutetiensis and identified five antibiotic islands, two pathogenicity islands, and five unique genomic islands. The identified virulence genes included hemolytic toxin cylZ of Streptococcus agalactiae and sortase associated with colonization of pathogenic streptococci. CONCLUSIONS We identified S. lutetiensis and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus from children with diarrhea of unknown etiology, and found pathogenic islands and virulence genes in the genome of S. lutetiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, and National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Chang OK, Perrin C, Galia W, Saulnier F, Miclo L, Roux E, Driou A, Humbert G, Dary A. Release of the cell-envelope protease PrtS in the growth medium of Streptococcus thermophilus 4F44. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Egan SA, Ward PN, Watson M, Field TR, Leigh JA. Vru (Sub0144) controls expression of proven and putative virulence determinants and alters the ability of Streptococcus uberis to cause disease in dairy cattle. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:1581-1592. [PMID: 22383474 PMCID: PMC3541772 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulation and control of gene expression in response to differing environmental stimuli is crucial for successful pathogen adaptation and persistence. The regulatory gene vru of Streptococcus uberis encodes a stand-alone response regulator with similarity to the Mga of group A Streptococcus. Mga controls expression of a number of important virulence determinants. Experimental intramammary challenge of dairy cattle with a mutant of S. uberis carrying an inactivating lesion in vru showed reduced ability to colonize the mammary gland and an inability to induce clinical signs of mastitis compared with the wild-type strain. Analysis of transcriptional differences of gene expression in the mutant, determined by microarray analysis, identified a number of coding sequences with altered expression in the absence of Vru. These consisted of known and putative virulence determinants, including Lbp (Sub0145), SclB (Sub1095), PauA (Sub1785) and hasA (Sub1696).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Egan
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael Watson
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK.,ARK-Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Terence R Field
- Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire RG20 7NN, UK
| | - James A Leigh
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Fimereli DK, Tsirigos KD, Litou ZI, Liakopoulos TD, Bagos PG, Hamodrakas SJ. CW-PRED: A HMM-Based Method for the Classification of Cell Wall-Anchored Proteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30448-4_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Characterization of the sortase repertoire in Bacillus anthracis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27411. [PMID: 22076158 PMCID: PMC3208642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LPXTG proteins, present in most if not all Gram-positive bacteria, are known to be anchored by sortases to the bacterial peptidoglycan. More than one sortase gene is often encoded in a bacterial species, and each sortase is supposed to specifically anchor given LPXTG proteins, depending of the sequence of the C-terminal cell wall sorting signal (cwss), bearing an LPXTG motif or another recognition sequence. B. anthracis possesses three sortase genes. B. anthracis sortase deleted mutant strains are not affected in their virulence. To determine the sortase repertoires, we developed a genetic screen using the property of the gamma phage to lyse bacteria only when its receptor, GamR, an LPXTG protein, is exposed at the surface. We identified 10 proteins that contain a cell wall sorting signal and are covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan. Some chimeric proteins yielded phage lysis in all sortase mutant strains, suggesting that cwss proteins remained surface accessible in absence of their anchoring sortase, probably as a consequence of membrane localization of yet uncleaved precursor proteins. For definite assignment of the sortase repertoires, we consequently relied on a complementary test, using a biochemical approach, namely immunoblot experiments. The sortase anchoring nine of these proteins has thus been determined. The absence of virulence defect of the sortase mutants could be a consequence of the membrane localization of the cwss proteins.
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Leigh JA, Egan SA, Ward PN, Field TR, Coffey TJ. Sortase anchored proteins of Streptococcus uberis play major roles in the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis in dairy cattle. Vet Res 2010; 41:63. [PMID: 20519112 PMCID: PMC2898060 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis, strain 0140J, contains a single copy sortase A (srtA), encoding a transamidase capable of covalently anchoring specific proteins to peptidoglycan. Unlike the wild-type, an isogenic mutant carrying an inactivating ISS1 insertion within srtA was only able to infect the bovine mammary gland in a transient fashion. For the first 24 h post challenge, the srtA mutant colonised at a similar rate and number to the wild type strain, but unlike the wild type did not subsequently colonise in higher numbers. Similar levels of host cell infiltration were detected in response to infection with both strains, but only in those mammary quarters infected with the wild type strain were clinical signs of disease evident. Mutants that failed to express individual sortase substrate proteins (sub0135, sub0145, sub0207, sub0241, sub0826, sub0888, sub1095, sub1154, sub1370, and sub1730) were isolated and their virulence determined in the same challenge model. This revealed that mutants lacking sub0145, sub1095 and sub1154 were attenuated in cattle. These data demonstrate that a number of sortase anchored proteins each play a distinct, non-redundant and important role in pathogenesis of S. uberis infection within the lactating bovine mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Leigh
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kindgom.
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Clancy KW, Melvin JA, McCafferty DG. Sortase transpeptidases: insights into mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibition. Biopolymers 2010; 94:385-96. [PMID: 20593474 PMCID: PMC4648256 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria pose a serious healthcare threat. The growing antibiotic resistance epidemic creates a dire need for new antibiotic targets. The sortase family of enzymes is a promising target for antimicrobial therapy. This review covers the current knowledge of the mechanism, substrate specificity, and inhibitory studies of the Gram-positive bacterial [corrected] enzyme sortase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dewey G. McCafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC
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