1
|
Fang T, Tang C, Yin J, Wang H. Magnetic Multi-enzyme Cascade Combined with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Fast DNA Digestion and Quantitative Analysis of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Genome of Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells Induced by Tetrachlorobenzoquinone. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
2
|
Janssen LMF, Ghosh M, Lemaire F, Michael Pollard K, Hoet PHM. Exposure to silicates and systemic autoimmune-related outcomes in rodents: a systematic review. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34996462 PMCID: PMC8739508 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity can result from the interplay between genetic background and effects of environmental and/or occupational exposure to hazardous materials. Several compounds, including silica dust, have been linked with systemic autoimmunity and systemic autoimmune diseases, based on epidemiological evidence. For asbestos, a strong link with systemic autoimmune diseases does not yet exist, however, several studies have documented features of autoimmunity following asbestos exposure. Even so, human studies are limited in their ability to identify and examine isolated exposures, making it difficult to demonstrate causation or to assess pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, this systematic review examines the existing animal evidence regarding autoimmunity and exposure to silicates (silica and asbestos). METHODS PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies examining systemic autoimmune disease-related outcomes after silicate exposure in rodents. Literature databases were searched up to September 2021 for studies written in English and where the full text was available. Search strings were established based on a PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) format. After title, abstract, and full-text screening, thirty-four studies were identified for further analysis. Quality assessment through ToxR tool and qualitative analysis of the results was performed. RESULTS Although there was significant heterogeneity in the included studies in terms of exposure protocol and genetic background of the rodent models used, it was noted that both genetic background and exposure to silicates [(crystalline) silica and asbestos] are highly relevant to the development of (sub-) clinical systemic autoimmune disease. CONCLUSION Parallels were observed between the findings from the animal (this review) and human (epidemiological) studies, arguing that experimental animal models are valuable tools for examining exacerbation or development of autoimmune disease after silicate exposure. However, genetic background and synergism between exposures should be considered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M F Janssen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frauke Lemaire
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arcoverde Fechine Brito LP, Guedes FL, Cavalcante Vale PH, Santos RP, Bruno de Almeida J, Santos Martins SQ, Yuri de Figueredo Dantas G, Wanderley D, de Almeida Araújo S, Silva GEB. Antibrush Border Antibody Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review. Kidney Med 2021; 3:848-855. [PMID: 34693264 PMCID: PMC8515082 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-brush border antibody (ABBA) disease, also called anti-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (anti-LRP2) nephropathy, occurs due to the formation of antibodies against brush border antigens of the renal proximal convoluted tubule. We report a case of ABBA disease in a male farmer in his 30s who presented with 2 years of polyuria, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary urgency. He described a history of long-term occupational exposure to pesticides and silica, evolving into possible pneumoconiosis, and prior pulmonary tuberculosis. At presentation, he had reduced kidney function (serum creatinine 3.6 mg/dL) with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, a normal anion gap, metabolic acidosis, and respiratory acidosis, and 2.2 g/day of urine proteinuria. The kidney biopsy was consistent with ABBA, showing amorphous immune-deposits in the tubular basement membrane and strong positivity on indirect immunofluorescence in the brush border of the proximal tubules. The trigger for production of ABBA is still unknown, but it may be associated with chronic conditions such as pulmonary tuberculosis and occupational exposures such as silica and pesticides, as seen in the patient in this report. Most cases do not respond to immunosuppression, and the prognosis is poor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Leite Guedes
- Division of Nephrology, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal
| | | | - Rivaldo Pereira Santos
- Division of Nephrology, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal
| | - José Bruno de Almeida
- Division of Nephrology, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal
| | | | | | - David Wanderley
- Division of Renal Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | | | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Division of Renal Pathology, Presidente Dutra University Hospital, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís.,Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv X, Liu Z, Xu L, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone exhibits immunotoxicity by inducing neutrophil extracellular traps through a mechanism involving ROS-JNK-NOX2 positive feedback loop. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115921. [PMID: 33187846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a common metabolite of persistent organic pollutants pentachlorophenol (PCP) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Current reports on the toxicity of TCBQmainly focused on its reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity and cardiovascular toxicity. However, the possible immunotoxicity of TCBQ remains unclear. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a recently discovered immune response mechanism, however, excess NETs play a pathogenic role in various immune diseases. In an attempt to address concerns regarding the immunotoxicity of TCBQ, we adopted primary mouse neutrophils as the research object, explored the influence of TCBQ on the formation of NETs. The results showed that TCBQ could induce NETs rapidly in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner. Moreover, TCBQ promoted the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not p38 or extracellular signal related kinase (ERK) in neutrophils. Mechanistically, JNK activation enhanced the expression of NADPH oxidase enzyme 2 (NOX2), which further accelerated the generation of ROS and thus amplified the formation of NETs. The pharmacologic blockage of JNK or NOX2 effectively ameliorated TCBQ-induced ROS and NETs, implying that ROS-JNK-NOX2 positive feedback loop was involved in TCBQ-induced NETs. In conclusion, we speculated that targeting NETs formation would be a promising therapeutic strategy in modulating the immunotoxicity of TCBQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Z, Dong W, Yang B, Peng L, Xia X, Pu L, Zhang N, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone-Induced Nrf2 Confers Neuron-like PC12 Cells Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Regulating Glutathione Synthesis and Protein Thiol Homeostasis. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1230-1239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Wenjing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Bingwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Lanxiang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China, 400715
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu J, Shi Q, Song X, Xia X, Su C, Liu Z, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone exhibits neurotoxicity by inducing inflammatory responses through ROS-mediated IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:241-250. [PMID: 26745386 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is a joint metabolite of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Previous studies have been reported that TCBQ contributes to acute hepatic damage due to its pro-oxidative nature. In the current study, TCBQ showed the highest capacity on the cytotoxicity, ROS formation and inflammatory cytokines release among four compounds, i.e., HCB, PCP, tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ, reduced form of TCBQ) and TCBQ, in PC 12 cells. Further mechanistic study illustrated TCBQ activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The activation of NF-κB was identified by measuring the protein expressions of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) α/β, p-IKKα/β, an inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) α, p-IκBα, NF-κB (p65) and p-p65. The translocation of NF-κB was assessed by Western blotting of p65 in nuclear/cytosolic fractions, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter gene assay. In addition, TCBQ significantly induced protein and mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF-κB inhibitor inhibited these effects efficiently, further suggested TCBQ-induced inflammatory responses involve NF-κB signaling. Moreover, antioxidants, i.e., N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), Vitamin E and curcumin, ameliorated TCBQ-induced ROS generation as well as the activation of NF-κB, which implied that ROS serve as the upstream molecule of NF-κB signaling. In summary, TCBQ exhibits a neurotoxic effect by inducing oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory responses via the activation of IKK/IκB/NF-κB pathway in PC12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyang Su
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kemmerling J, Fehlert E, Kuper CF, Rühl-Fehlert C, Stropp G, Vogels J, Krul C, Vohr HW. The transferability from rat subacute 4-week oral toxicity study to translational research exemplified by two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:326-42. [PMID: 25823813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals may have an influence on the immune system. Often, this is an unwanted effect but in some pharmaceuticals, it is the intended mechanism of action. Immune function tests and in depth histopathological investigations of immune organs were integrated in rodent toxicity studies performed according to an extended OECD test guideline 407 protocol. Exemplified by two immunosuppressive drugs, azathioprine and cyclosporine A, and two environmental chemicals, hexachlorobenzene and benzo[a]pyrene, results of subacute rat studies were compared to knowledge in other species particular in humans. Although immune function has a high concordance in mammalian species, regarding the transferability from rodents to humans various factors have to be taken into account. In rats, sensitivity seems to depend on factors such as strain, sex, stress levels as well as metabolism. The two immunosuppressive drugs showed a high similarity of effects in animals and humans as the immune system was the most sensitive target in both. Hexachlorobenzene gave an inconsistent pattern of effects when considering the immune system of different species. In some species pronounced inflammation was observed, whereas in primates liver toxicity seemed more obvious. Generally, the immune system was not the most sensitive target in hexachlorobenzene-treatment. Immune function tests in rats gave evidence of a reaction to systemic inflammation rather than a direct impact on immune cells. Data from humans are likewise equivocal. In the case of benzo[a]pyrene, the immune system was the most sensitive target in rats. In the in vitro plaque forming cell assay (Mishell-Dutton culture) a direct comparison of cells from different species including rat and human was possible and showed similar reactions. The doses in the rat study had, however, no realistic relation to human exposure, which occurs exclusively in mixtures and in a much lower range. In summary, a case by case approach is necessary when testing immunotoxicity. Improvements for the translation from animals to humans related to immune cells can be expected from in vitro tests which offer direct comparison with reactions of human immune cells. This may lead to a better understanding of results and variations seen in animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kemmerling
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ellen Fehlert
- Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls University, Otfried-Müller Street 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Frieke Kuper
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gisela Stropp
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-Product Stewardship Industrial Chemicals, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jack Vogels
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Krul
- TNO Innovation for Life, PO Box 360, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Werner Vohr
- Bayer Pharma AG, GDD-GED-TOX-IT-Immunotoxicology, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu D, Hu L, Su C, Xia X, Zhang P, Fu J, Wang W, Xu D, Du H, Hu Q, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone induces hepatic oxidative damage and inflammatory response, but not apoptosis in mouse: The prevention of curcumin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:305-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
9
|
Xu D, Hu L, Xia X, Song J, Li L, Song E, Song Y. Tetrachlorobenzoquinone induces acute liver injury, up-regulates HO-1 and NQO1 expression in mice model: the protective role of chlorogenic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1212-1220. [PMID: 24816176 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) is an active metabolite of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Although PCP has been investigated extensively, there are only a few reports describing the toxicity effect of TCBQ, and no report regarding TCBQ-induced liver injury in vivo. In the current study, we aimed to examine the acute hepatic toxicity of TCBQ in the mice model. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exhibits promising antioxidant activity in the past studies, thus, the second aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of CGA on TCBQ-induced liver injury. Our results indicated TCBQ-intoxication caused marked liver cell necrosis and inflammation but not apoptosis, and this damage was alleviated by CGA treatment. Meantime, TCBQ-intoxication enhanced serum ALT, AST activities, TBIL content, hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, decreased GSH content and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that TCBQ marked up-regulated HO-1 and NQO1 expression. On the other hand, pretreatment of CGA reduced TCBQ-induced liver damage remarkably. Taking together, these results revealed that TCBQ has strong hepatic toxic effect, and at least a part of this effect is initiated by free radical and relieved with CGA administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jianbo Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Becker JC, Schrama D. Breaking immunological tolerance to melanocyte differentiation antigens by hypopigmenting agents: a new means for melanoma immunotherapy? J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1185-7. [PMID: 21566576 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hypopigmenting agent monobenzone induces inflammatory responses only in pigmented skin as well as depigmentation in areas not directly exposed to the drug. Both observations have been ascribed to the possible induction of adaptive immune responses against melanocytes. In this issue, van den Boorn et al. provide direct evidence confirming this hypothesis. Since the monobenzone-induced immune responses target melanocyte-differentiation antigens, this report opens the opportunity for a simple and instantaneous deployable immunotherapy of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen C Becker
- Department of General Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pontillo CA, García MA, Peña D, Cocca C, Chiappini F, Alvarez L, Kleiman de Pisarev D, Randi AS. Activation of c-Src/HER1/STAT5b and HER1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways and cell migration by hexachlorobenzene in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120:284-96. [PMID: 21205633 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a widespread environmental pollutant. It is a dioxin-like compound and a weak ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein. HCB is a tumor cocarcinogen in rat mammary gland and an inducer of cell proliferation and c-Src kinase activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This study was carried out to investigate HCB action on c-Src and the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1) activities and their downstream signaling pathways, Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 5b, as well as on cell migration in a human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. We also investigated whether the AhR is involved in HCB-induced effects. We have demonstrated that HCB (0.05μM) produces an early increase of Y416-c-Src, Y845-HER1, Y699-STAT5b, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, our results have shown that the pesticide (15 min) activates these pathways in a dose-dependent manner (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5μM). In contrast, HCB does not alter T308-Akt activation. Pretreatment with a specific inhibitor for c-Src (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine [PP2]) prevents Y845-HER1 and Y699-STAT5b phosphorylation. AG1478, a specific HER1 inhibitor, abrogates HCB-induced STAT5b and ERK1/2 activation, whereas 4,7-orthophenanthroline and α-naphthoflavone, two AhR antagonists, prevent HCB-induced STAT5b and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. HCB enhances cell migration evaluated by scratch motility and transwell assays. Pretreatment with PP2, AG1478, and 4,7-orthophenanthroline suppresses HCB-induced cell migration. These results demonstrate that HCB stimulates c-Src/HER1/STAT5b and HER1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in MDA-MB-231. c-Src, HER1, and AhR are involved in HCB-induced increase in cell migration. The present study makes a significant contribution to the molecular mechanism of action of HCB in mammary carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Pontillo
- Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminantes Ambientales, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ezendam J, Vos JG, Pieters R. Research Articles Mechanisms of Hexachlorobenzene-Induced Adverse Immune Effects in Brown Norway Rats. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 1:167-75. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910490907026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
13
|
Multiplex Genotyping as a Biomarker for Susceptibility to Carcinogenic Exposure in the FLEHS Biomonitoring Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1902-12. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Mechanism of teratogenesis: Electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 78:308-25. [PMID: 17315244 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Teratogenesis has been a topic of increasing interest and concern in recent years, generating controversy in association with danger to humans and other living things. A veritable host of chemicals is known to be involved, encompassing a wide variety of classes, both organic and inorganic. Contact with these chemicals is virtually unavoidable due to contamination of air, water, ground, food, beverages, and household items, as well as exposure to medicinals. The resulting adverse effects on reproduction are numerous. There is uncertainty regarding the mode of action of these chemicals, although various theories have been advanced, e.g., disruption of the central nervous system (CNS), DNA attack, enzyme inhibition, interference with hormonal action, and insult to membranes, proteins, and mitochondria. This review provides extensive evidence for involvement of oxidative stress (OS) and electron transfer (ET) as a unifying theme. Successful application of the mechanistic approach is made to all of the main classes of toxins, in addition to large numbers of miscellaneous types. We believe it is not coincidental that the vast majority of these substances incorporate ET functionalities (quinone, metal complex, ArNO2, or conjugated iminium) either per se or in metabolites, potentially giving rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. Some categories, e.g., peroxides and radiation, appear to generate ROS by non-ET routes. Other mechanisms are briefly addressed; a multifaceted approach to mode of action appears to be the most logical. Our framework should increase understanding and contribute to preventative measures, such as use of antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ezendam J, Kosterman K, Spijkerboer H, Bleumink R, Hassing I, van Rooijen N, Vos JG, Pieters R. Macrophages are involved in hexachlorobenzene-induced adverse immune effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 209:19-27. [PMID: 16271622 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent environmental pollutant that causes adverse immune effects in man and rat. The Brown Norway (BN) rat is very susceptible to HCB-induced immunopathology and oral exposure causes inflammatory skin and lung lesions, splenomegaly, lymph node (LN) enlargement, and increased serum levels of IgE and anti-ssDNA IgM. T cells play an important role but do not account for all adverse effects induced by HCB. Macrophages are probably also important and the relationship between macrophages and T cells was further investigated. To eliminate macrophages clodronate-liposomes were used. Furthermore, a kinetic study was performed to obtain insight in the early phase of the HCB-induced immune response. Also, experiments were performed to detect specific memory T cells. Therefore, an adoptive transfer study was performed. Our results indicate that macrophages are indeed involved in HCB-induced skin lesions, lung eosinophilia, and elevation of IgM against ssDNA. Kinetics showed that both skin and lung lesions appeared early after exposure. Moreover, immune effects could not be adaptively transferred. Thus, both macrophages and T cells are involved in HCB-induced immune effects but HCB exposure does not lead to specific T cell sensitization. Presumably, HCB exposure induces macrophage activation, thereby generating adjuvant signals that polyclonally stimulate T cells. Together, these events may lead to the observed immunopathology in BN rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory for Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, Bilthoven, PO Box 1 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|