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Stępniak J, Koziróg E, Karbownik-Lewińska M. The Protective Effect of Exogenous 17β-Estradiol against Experimentally Induced Oxidative Damage to Membrane Lipids Is Stronger in Male vs. Female Porcine Thyroids: Preliminary Results. TOXICS 2023; 11:746. [PMID: 37755756 PMCID: PMC10535314 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that thyroid diseases are more prevalent in women than in men. The contribution of sex hormones may explain such disparity. The aim of this study was to check if there are any differences between sexes concerning the effects of 17β-estradiol on oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation) in porcine thyroid homogenates under basal conditions and in the presence of Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2→Fe3+ + •OH + OH-) substrates. We observed that 17β-estradiol did not change the basal level of lipid peroxidation (measured spectrophotometrically as concentrations of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals) in thyroid homogenates, and no differences were found between sexes. The lipid peroxidation level in response to Fe2+ + H2O2 plus 17β-estradiol was lower in male thyroids. In turn, in male thyroids, 17β-estradiol reduced experimentally induced lipid peroxidation in as low of a concentration as 0.1 μM, whereas in female thyroids the lowest effective concentration of 17β-estradiol was 10 μM, i.e., 100 times higher than in males. In conclusion, the protective effects of exogenous 17β-estradiol against experimentally induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids is stronger in male than in female thyroids. Our observation suggests that female tissue is less sensitive to the protective effects of exogenous 17β-estradiol. This sexual dimorphism of oxidative processes in the thyroid may constitute one of the mechanisms of the different prevalence of thyroid diseases in women and in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stępniak
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Edward Koziróg
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Zeligowski St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.K.)
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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The Impact of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation on Serum Oxidative Stress Markers in Infertile Women with Endometriosis Undergoing ICSI. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061161. [PMID: 35740058 PMCID: PMC9220238 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis-related infertility is associated with oxidative stress (OS). The present study aims to compare serum OS markers of infertile women with endometriosis and controls during the follicular phase of the natural cycle (D1), after pituitary downregulation using a GnRH agonist (D2), after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (D3), and on the day of oocyte retrieval (D4). One hundred and eight serum samples (58 controls and 35 early and 18 advanced endometriosis cases) were collected at these four timepoints. OS markers were compared among the groups and timepoints using a linear regression model with mixed effects and a post-test using orthogonal contrasts. The significance was set at 5%. We observed altered OS markers in the endometriosis patients during the D1, D2, D3, and D4 timepoints compared to the controls. The evidence of systemic OS in infertile patients with endometriosis during COS suggests the mobilization of potent antioxidants in an attempt to protect the oocyte from oxidative damage, especially on the day of oocyte retrieval.
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Kankanamage RNT, Ghosh AB, Jiang D, Gkika K, Keyes T, Achola LA, Suib S, Rusling JF. Metabolites of Tobacco- and E-Cigarette-Related Nitrosamines Can Drive Cu 2+-Mediated DNA Oxidation. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2072-2086. [PMID: 32672941 PMCID: PMC7510339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosamine metabolites resulting from cigarette smoking and E-cigarette (E-cig) vaping cause DNA damage that can lead to genotoxicity. While DNA adducts of metabolites of nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are well-known tobacco-related cancer biomarkers, only a few studies implicate NNN and NNK in DNA oxidation in humans. NNK and NNN were found in the urine of E-cigarette users who never smoked cigarettes. This paper proposes the first chemical pathways of DNA oxidation driven by NNK and NNN metabolites in redox reactions with Cu2+ and NADPH leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS). A microfluidic array with thin films of DNA and metabolic enzymes that make metabolites of NNN and NNK in the presence of Cu2+ and NADPH was used to estimate relative rates of DNA oxidation. Detection by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) employed a new ECL dye [Os(tpy-benz-COOH)2]2+ that is selective for and sensitive to the primary DNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in DNA. Enzyme-DNA films on magnetic beads were used to produce nitrosamine metabolites that enter ROS-forming redox cycles with Cu2+ and NADPH, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to quantify 8-oxodG and identify metabolites. ROS were detected by optical sensors. Metabolites of NNK and NNN + Cu2+ + NADPH generated relatively high rates of DNA oxidation. Lung is the exposure route in smoking and vaping, human lung tissue contains Cu2+ and NADPH, and lung microsomal enzymes gave the highest rates of DNA oxidation in this study. Also, E-cigarette vapor contains 6-fold more copper than that in cigarette smoke, which could exacerbate DNA oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumasha N T Kankanamage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Abhisek Brata Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Karmel Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D9, Ireland
| | - Tia Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin D9, Ireland
| | - Laura A Achola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Steven Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Material Science, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Material Science, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Uppangala S, Fernandes G, Salian SR, Kumar P, Talevi R, Kalthur G, Adiga SK. Reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation is associated with increased oxidative stress in the follicular environment. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:402-407. [PMID: 32387020 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Serum estradiol (E2) level is routinely used to monitor the ovarian response during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and the concentration of serum E2 may influence the oocyte quality and pregnancy outcome. However, the knowledge on the association between COH induced serum E2 level, oocyte quality and embryo development is limited. Therefore we investigated the association between serum E2 level, oxidative stress in the follicular fluid and granulosa cells (GCs) response to elucidate the association between E2 level and embryological outcome. In this study, patients (n = 30) undergoing ART were categorized as 'normal responders' (NR, n = 10), 'poor responders' (PR, n = 10) and hyper responders (HR, n = 10). The follicular fluid malondialdehyde (MDA) level was determined. The total RNA extracted from GCs was subjected to analyse the relative abundance of transcripts of stress response genes (P53, caspase 3,8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, OGG1 and heat shock protein 70; HSP70) and embryological outcome was noted. Follicular fluid MDA level was significantly higher in PR (p < 0.01) compared NR and HR whereas number of top-quality embryos were significantly lower in PR and HR compared to NR (p < 0.01). The relative expression of P53, HSP70, and OGG1 in GCs was significantly elevated in PR (p < 0.05-0.01). An inverse relationship was established between serum E2 level vs follicular MDA level (r = -0.45; p < 0.01) and follicular MDA level vs. number of top-quality embryos (r = -0.45; p < 0.01). Hence, patients with low serum E2 had elevated oxidative stress in their follicular environment and poor quality embryos implicating the risk of oxidative stress in patients with poor ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashree Uppangala
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Gail Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Sujith Raj Salian
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India.
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Baudrimont M, Gonzalez P, Mesmer-Dudons N, Legeay A. Sensitivity to cadmium of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera from the Dronne River (France): experimental exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3715-3725. [PMID: 30949944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Margaritifera margaritifera is a critically endangered species in Europe. Among the causes explaining its decline, metal pollution had never been deeply studied. Thus, an ecotoxicological investigation was developed on this species which comes from the Dronne River (South-West of France). Cadmium (Cd) exposure of mussels at 2 and 5 μg/L for 7 days was conducted to test their vulnerability to this metal, and also the potential endocrine disruption power of Cd. Morphometric analyses, gonad histological observations, metal bioaccumulation, metallothionein (MTs) production, measures of malondialdehyde (MDA), and finally quantitative relative expression analysis of genes involved in various metabolic functions were performed.The main results showed Cd accumulation increasing in a dose-dependent manner, especially in the gills. The same trend was observed for gene expression relative to oxidative stress. Histological analysis of the gonads highlighted a predominance of hermaphrodite individuals, but after 7 days of exposure to Cd, the percentage of female was largely increased compared with controls, from 17 to 33%. These results demonstrate the endocrine disruption effect of Cd on freshwater pearl mussels.The pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera is sensitive to cadmium since the metallothioneins are poorly induced, gene expression reveals oxidative stress, and gonads tend to be feminized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Alexia Legeay
- University of Bordeaux, UMR CNRS EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology team, Place du Dr Peyneau, F-33120, Arcachon, France
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Sexual Dimorphism of NADPH Oxidase/H₂O₂ System in Rat Thyroid Cells; Effect of Exogenous 17β-Estradiol. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124063. [PMID: 30558263 PMCID: PMC6321217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been observed that females are more susceptible to thyroid diseases than males. Epidemiological and experimental data show that actions of hormonal factors—especially estrogens—may explain such disparity. However, the exact cause and mechanisms of this sexual dimorphism remain so far unknown. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the effect of 17β-estradiol on the redox balance in thyroids of male and female rats. Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, i.e., dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were evaluated in the primary cell cultures derived from thyroid glands of adult male or female Wistar rats. The measurement was made before and after treatment with 17β-estradiol alone or with addition of one of its receptor antagonists. We found that under basal conditions female thyroid cells are exposed to higher concentrations of H2O2, most likely due to NOX/DUOX enzymes activity. Additionally, exogenous 17β-estradiol stimulated NOX/DUOX expression as well as H2O2 production, and this effect was mainly mediated through ERα. In conclusion, oxidative processes may constitute mechanisms responsible for sexual dimorphism of thyroid diseases. Exogenous 17β-estradiol may play a crucial pathogenic role in thyroid diseases via oxidative mechanisms, however without any gender differences.
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Bist I, Bhakta S, Jiang D, Keyes TE, Martin A, Forster RJ, Rusling JF. Evaluating Metabolite-Related DNA Oxidation and Adduct Damage from Aryl Amines Using a Microfluidic ECL Array. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12441-12449. [PMID: 29083162 PMCID: PMC5777145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage to DNA from the metabolites of drugs and pollutants constitutes a major human toxicity pathway known as genotoxicity. Metabolites can react with metal ions and NADPH to oxidize DNA or participate in SN2 reactions to form covalently linked adducts with DNA bases. Guanines are the main DNA oxidation sites, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is the initial product. Here we describe a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) microwell array that produces metabolites from test compounds and measures relative rates of DNA oxidation and DNA adduct damage. In this new array, films of DNA, metabolic enzymes, and an ECL metallopolymer or complex assembled in microwells on a pyrolytic graphite wafer are housed in dual microfluidic chambers. As reactant solution passes over the wells, metabolites form and can react with DNA in the films to form DNA adducts. These adducts are detected by ECL from a RuPVP polymer that uses DNA as a coreactant. Aryl amines also combine with Cu2+ and NADPH to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) that oxidize DNA. The resulting 8-oxodG was detected selectively by ECL-generating bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-(4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-6-yl)-benzoic acid)Os(II). DNA/enzyme films on magnetic beads were oxidized similarly, and 8-oxodG determined by LC/MS/MS enabled array standardization. The array limit of detection for oxidation was 720 8-oxodG per 106 nucleobases. For a series of aryl amines, metabolite-generated DNA oxidation and adduct formation turnover rates from the array correlated very well with rodent 1/TD50 and Comet assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itti Bist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Di Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aaron Martin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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8
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Chemoprevention of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis by Apiaceae Spices. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020425. [PMID: 28212313 PMCID: PMC5343959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that many herbs and spices have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. In this study, we examined the chemopreventive effects of the Apiaceae spices, anise, caraway, and celery seeds against 17β-estrogen (E2)-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in an ACI (August-Copenhagen Irish) rat model. Female ACI rats were given either control diet (AIN 93M) or diet supplemented with 7.5% (w/w) of anise, caraway, or celery seed powder. Two weeks later, one half of the animals in each group received subcutaneous silastic implants of E2. Diet intake and body weight were recorded weekly, and animals were euthanized after 3 and 12 weeks. E2-treatment showed significantly (2.1- and 3.4-fold) enhanced growth of pituitary gland at 3 and 12 weeks, respectively. All test spices significantly offset the pituitary growth by 12 weeks, except celery which was effective as early as three weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis for proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in mammary tissues showed significant reduction in E2-mediated mammary cell proliferation. Test spices reduced the circulating levels of both E2 and prolactin at three weeks. This protection was more pronounced at 12 weeks, with celery eliciting the highest effect. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were performed to determine the potential molecular targets of the spices. Anise and caraway diets significantly offset estrogen-mediated overexpression of both cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor α (ERα). The effect of anise was modest. Likewise, expression of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 was inhibited by all test spices. Based on short-term molecular markers, caraway was selected over other spices based on its enhanced effect on estrogen-associated pathway. Therefore, a tumor-end point study in ACI rats was conducted with dietary caraway. Tumor palpation from 12 weeks onwards revealed tumor latency of 29 days in caraway-treated animals compared with first tumor appearance at 92 days in control group. At the end of the study (25 weeks), the tumor incidence was 96% in the control group compared with only 70% in the caraway group. A significant reduction in tumor volume (661 ± 123 vs. 313 ± 81 mm³) and tumor multiplicity (4.2 ± 0.4 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 tumors/animal) was also observed in the caraway group compared with the control group. Together, our data show dietary caraway can significantly delay and prevent the hormonal mammary tumorigenesis by modulating different cellular and molecular targets.
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Ensafi AA, Jamei HR, Heydari-Bafrooei E, Rezaei B. Electrochemical study of quinone redox cycling: A novel application of DNA-based biosensors for monitoring biochemical reactions. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 111:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bolton JL, Dunlap T. Formation and Biological Targets of Quinones: Cytotoxic versus Cytoprotective Effects. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:13-37. [PMID: 27617882 PMCID: PMC5241708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates, which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo including, acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, quinones can induce cytoprotection through the induction of detoxification enzymes, anti-inflammatory activities, and modification of redox status. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. The various biological targets of quinones depend on their rate and site of formation and their reactivity. Quinones are formed through a variety of mechanisms from simple oxidation of catechols/hydroquinones catalyzed by a variety of oxidative enzymes and metal ions to more complex mechanisms involving initial P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions followed by two-electron oxidation. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and modification of cellular processes could occur through alkylation of crucial cellular proteins and/or DNA. Alternatively, quinones are highly redox active molecules which can redox cycle with their semiquinone radical anions leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and ultimately the hydroxyl radical. Production of ROS can alter redox balance within cells through the formation of oxidized cellular macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. This perspective explores the varied biological targets of quinones including GSH, NADPH, protein sulfhydryls [heat shock proteins, P450s, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), glutathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, (NQO1), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), IκB kinase (IKK), and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)], and DNA. The evidence strongly suggests that the numerous mechanisms of quinone modulations (i.e., alkylation versus oxidative stress) can be correlated with the known pathology/cytoprotection of the parent compound(s) that is best described by an inverse U-shaped dose-response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha Dunlap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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11
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Bist I, Song B, Mosa IM, Keyes TE, Martin A, Forster RJ, Rusling JF. Electrochemiluminescent Array to Detect Oxidative Damage in ds-DNA Using [Os(bpy) 2(phen-benz-COOH)] 2+/Nafion/Graphene Films. ACS Sens 2016; 1:272-278. [PMID: 27135053 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidize guanosines in DNA to form 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a biomarker for oxidative stress. Herein we describe a novel 64-microwell electrochemiluminescent (ECL) array enabling sensitive multiplexed detection of 8-oxodG in ds-DNA without hydrolysis. Films of Nafion and reduced graphene oxide containing ECL dye [Os(bpy)2(phen-benz-COOH)]2+ (OsNG, {bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine and phen-benz-COOH = (4-(1,10-phenanthrolin-6-yl) benzoic acid)}) were assembled into microwells on a pyrolytic graphite wafer to detect 8-oxodG in oligonucleotides by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). DNA oxidation by Fenton's reagent or by ROS formation during redox cycles involving NADPH, CuII, and model metabolites was monitored. UPLC-MS/MS of oxidized DNA samples were used for calibration. Detection limit for the fluidic arrays was one 8-oxodG per 670 intact nucleobases, or 0.15%. The method is sensitive enough to evaluate DNA oxidation from biologically relevant ROS-generating reactions of CuII, NADPH, and model metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Islam M. Mosa
- Department
of Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aaron Martin
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - James F. Rusling
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
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12
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Stepniak J, Karbownik-Lewinska M. 17β-estradiol prevents experimentally-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids and nuclear DNA in porcine ovary. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 62:17-21. [PMID: 26677908 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens, with their principle representative 17β-estradiol, contribute to the redox state of cells showing both pro- and antioxidative properties. In the ovary, being the main source of estrogens, maintaining balance between the production and detoxification of ROS is crucial. Whereas ovary estrogen concentration is difficult to estimate, its circulating concentration in women may reach the nanomolar level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 17β-estradiol on oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) and to nuclear DNA in the porcine ovary under basal conditions and in the presence of Fenton reaction (Fe(2+)+H2O2→Fe(3+)+(•)OH + OH(-)) substrates. Ovary homogenates and DNA were incubated in the presence of 17β-estradiol (1 mM-1 pM), without/with FeSO4 (30 μM) + H2O2 (0.5 mM). Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. The concentration of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) (DNA damage index) was measured by HPLC. We observed that 17β-estradiol did not alter the basal level of oxidative damage, but reduced Fe(2+)+H2O2-induced oxidative damage to membrane lipids when ≥10 nM and to DNA at concentrations ≥1 nM. In the ovary at near physiological concentration, 17β-estradiol prevents experimentally induced oxidative damage. This suggests that under physiological conditions this hormone may contribute to protecting the ovary against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stepniak
- a Department of Oncological Endocrinology , Medical University of Lodz and
| | - Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska
- a Department of Oncological Endocrinology , Medical University of Lodz and.,b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases , Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute , Lodz , Poland
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13
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Jeyabalan J, Aqil F, Soper L, Schultz DJ, Gupta RC. Potent Chemopreventive/Antioxidant Activity Detected in Common Spices of the Apiaceae Family. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1201-7. [PMID: 26381237 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1075051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spices are used worldwide, particularly in the Asian and Middle Eastern countries, and considered protective against degenerative diseases, including cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of aqueous and non-aqueous extracts of 11 Apiaceae spices for free radical-scavenging activity and to inhibit cytochrome P450s in two separate reactions involving: 1) 4-hydroxy-17ß-estradiol (4E2), DNA, and CuCl2 and 2) 17ß-estradiol, rat liver microsomes, cofactors, DNA and CuCl2. Oxidative DNA adducts resulting from redox cycling of 4E2 were analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling. Aqueous (5 mg/ml) and non-aqueous extracts (6 mg/ml) substantially inhibited (83-98%) formation of DNA adducts in the microsomal reaction. However, in nonmicrosomal reaction, only aqueous extracts showed the inhibitory activity (83-96%). Adduct inhibition was also observed at five-fold lower concentrations of aqueous extracts of cumin (60%) and caraway (90%), and 10-fold lower concentrations of carrot seeds (76%) and ajowan (90%). These results suggests the presence of 2 groups of phytochemicals: polar compounds that have free radical-scavenging activity and lipophilic compounds that selectively inhibit P450 activity associated with estrogen metabolism. Because most of these Apiaceae spices are used widely with no known toxicity, the phytochemicals from the Apiaceae spices used in foods may be potentially protective against estrogen-mediated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan
- a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- b James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Medicine , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Lisa Soper
- a James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - David J Schultz
- c Department of Biology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- d James Graham Brown Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
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14
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Koong LY, Watson CS. Rapid, nongenomic signaling effects of several xenoestrogens involved in early- vs. late-stage prostate cancer cell proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4161/23273747.2014.995003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Y Koong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, TX USA
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15
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Ali A, Asif M, Khanam H, Mashrai A, Sherwani MA, Owais M, Shamsuzzaman S. Synthesis and characterization of steroidal heterocyclic compounds, DNA condensation and molecular docking studies and their in vitro anticancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient approach for the synthesis of steroidal heterocyclic compounds (4–12) has been performed. Furthermore, these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their various biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abad Ali
- Steroid Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
| | - Mohd Asif
- Steroid Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
| | - Hena Khanam
- Steroid Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
| | - Ashraf Mashrai
- Steroid Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
| | - Mohd Asif Sherwani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202 002
- India
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16
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Aqil F, Munagala R, Jeyabalan J, Joshi T, Gupta RC, Singh IP. The Indian Blackberry (Jamun), Antioxidant Capacity, and Cancer Protection. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Angelé-Martínez C, Goodman C, Brumaghim J. Metal-mediated DNA damage and cell death: mechanisms, detection methods, and cellular consequences. Metallomics 2014; 6:1358-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions cause various types of DNA damage by multiple mechanisms, and this damage is a primary cause of cell death and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Goodman
- Department of Chemistry
- Clemson University
- Clemson, USA
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18
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Phillips DH. On the origins and development of the (32)P-postlabelling assay for carcinogen-DNA adducts. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:5-9. [PMID: 23178450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The (32)P-postlabelling method for the analysis of carcinogen-DNA adducts originated 30years ago from Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and was the work of a team comprised of Kurt and Erica Randerath, Ramesh Gupta and Vijay Reddy. With subsequent modifications and developments, it has become a highly sensitive and versatile method for the detection of DNA adducts that has been applied in a wide range of human, animal and in vitro studies. These include monitoring human exposure to environmental and occupational carcinogens, investigating genotoxicity of chemicals, elucidating pathways of metabolic activation of carcinogens, mechanistic studies of DNA repair, analysing the genotoxicity of complex mixtures and in ecotoxicology studies. Its use has been instrumental in providing new clues to the aetiology of some cancers and in identifying a new human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Phillips
- King's College London, Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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19
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Vadhanam MV, Thaiparambil J, Gairola CG, Gupta RC. Oxidative DNA adducts detected in vitro from redox activity of cigarette smoke constituents. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2499-504. [PMID: 22994544 DOI: 10.1021/tx300312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains a variety of carcinogens, cocarcinogens, mutagens, and tumor promoters. In addition to polycyclic aromatic carcinogens and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, cigarette smoke also contains an abundance of catechols, aldehydes, and other constituents, which are DNA damaging directly or indirectly; therefore, they can also contribute to cigarette smoke-mediated carcinogenicity. In this study, we investigated the potential of cigarette smoke constituents to induce oxidative damage to DNA through their capacity to redox cycle. When DNA (300 μg/mL) was incubated with cigarette smoke condensate (0.2 mg of tobacco particulate matter/mL) and CuCl(2) as a catalyst (50-100 μM), a variety of oxidative DNA adducts were detected by (32)P-postlabeling/TLC. Of the total adduct burden (2114 ± 419 adducts/10(6) nucleotides), over 40% of all adducts were attributed to the benchmark oxidative DNA lesion, 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). Adducts were formed dose dependently. Essentially, similar adduct profiles were obtained when cigarette smoke condensate was substituted with ortho- and para-dihydroxybenzenes. Vehicle treatment with Cu(2+) or CSC alone did not induce any significant amount of oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, coincubation of cigarette smoke condensate and ortho-dihydroxybenzene with DNA resulted in a higher amount of oxidative DNA adducts than obtained with the individual entity, suggesting that adducts presumably originated from catechols or catechol-like compounds in cigarette smoke condensate. Adducts resulting from both cigarette smoke condensate and pure dihydroxybenzenes were chromatographically identical to adducts formed by reaction of DNA with H(2)O(2), which is known to produce 8-oxodG, and many other oxidative DNA adducts. When the cigarette smoke condensate-DNA reaction was performed in the presence of ellagic acid, a known antioxidant, the adduct formation was inhibited dose dependently, further suggesting that adducts originated from oxidative pathway. Our data thus provide evidence of the capacity of catechols or catechol-like constituents in cigarette smoke to produce oxidative DNA damage, which may contribute to the tumor-promoting activity of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manicka V Vadhanam
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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20
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Aqil F, Munagala R, Vadhanam MV, Kausar H, Jeyabalan J, Schultz DJ, Gupta RC. Anti-proliferative activity and protection against oxidative DNA damage by punicalagin isolated from pomegranate husk. Food Res Int 2012; 49:345-353. [PMID: 23493479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins are the most abundant polyphenols in pomegranate (Punica granatum) husk and contribute greatly towards its biological properties. A pre-enriched pomegranate husk powder was extracted with water and then further purified by an Amberlite XAD-16 column. Punicalagin (PC) anomers were eluted using a gradient of methanol and water. Fractions eluted with 20% and 25% methanol yielded 1.08 g of light brown powder (purity > 97%) from a total of 40 g of extract. This fraction was identified as PC by HPLC-UV using reference compounds and confirmed by FTICR-MS analysis. PC (10-40 µM) was found to significantly inhibit oxidative DNA products, about 70% inhibition at 40 µM (p=0.0017), resulting from Cu2+-catalyzed redox cycling of 4-hydroxy-17β-estradiol as analyzed by 32P-postlabeling. Evidence of high antioxidant activity of PC was also obtained based on ORAC assay (1556±79 µmol of TE/g), as well as by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)-, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating activities (IC50=1.1, 17.1, 24 and 45.4 µg/ml, respectively). Further, PC exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against the human lung, breast and cervical cancer cell lines. Together, these data suggest that PC can be isolated in its purified form by simple column chromatography, inhibits oxidative DNA damage and possesses high anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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21
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Nik-Zainal S, Alexandrov LB, Wedge DC, Van Loo P, Greenman CD, Raine K, Jones D, Hinton J, Marshall J, Stebbings LA, Menzies A, Martin S, Leung K, Chen L, Leroy C, Ramakrishna M, Rance R, Lau KW, Mudie LJ, Varela I, McBride DJ, Bignell GR, Cooke SL, Shlien A, Gamble J, Whitmore I, Maddison M, Tarpey PS, Davies HR, Papaemmanuil E, Stephens PJ, McLaren S, Butler AP, Teague JW, Jönsson G, Garber JE, Silver D, Miron P, Fatima A, Boyault S, Langerød A, Tutt A, Martens JWM, Aparicio SAJR, Borg Å, Salomon AV, Thomas G, Børresen-Dale AL, Richardson AL, Neuberger MS, Futreal PA, Campbell PJ, Stratton MR. Mutational processes molding the genomes of 21 breast cancers. Cell 2012; 149:979-93. [PMID: 22608084 PMCID: PMC3414841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1396] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All cancers carry somatic mutations. The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been exposed. To explore these mechanisms further, we generated catalogs of somatic mutation from 21 breast cancers and applied mathematical methods to extract mutational signatures of the underlying processes. Multiple distinct single- and double-nucleotide substitution signatures were discernible. Cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations exhibited a characteristic combination of substitution mutation signatures and a distinctive profile of deletions. Complex relationships between somatic mutation prevalence and transcription were detected. A remarkable phenomenon of localized hypermutation, termed “kataegis,” was observed. Regions of kataegis differed between cancers but usually colocalized with somatic rearrangements. Base substitutions in these regions were almost exclusively of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. The mechanisms underlying most of these mutational signatures are unknown. However, a role for the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases is proposed. PaperClip
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Nik-Zainal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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22
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Jarrett SG, Boulton ME. Consequences of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:399-417. [PMID: 22510306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retina resides in an environment that is primed for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resultant oxidative damage. The retina is one of the highest oxygen-consuming tissues in the human body. The highest oxygen levels are found in the choroid, but this falls dramatically across the outermost retina, creating a large gradient of oxygen towards the retina and inner segments of the photoreceptors which contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This micro-environment together with abundant photosensitizers, visible light exposure and a high energy demand supports a highly oxidative milieu. However, oxidative damage is normally minimized by the presence of a range of antioxidant and efficient repair systems. Unfortunately, as we age oxidative damage increases, antioxidant capacity decreases and the efficiency of reparative systems become impaired. The result is retinal dysfunction and cell loss leading to visual impairment. It appears that these age-related oxidative changes are a hallmark of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which, in combination with hereditary susceptibility and other retinal modifiers, can progress to the pathology and visual morbidity associated with advanced AMD. This review reassesses the consequences of oxidative stress in AMD and strategies for preventing or reversing oxidative damage in retinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Jarrett
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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