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Hu Q, Corral P, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, O’Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C. Oral Dosing of Dihydromethysticin Ahead of Tobacco Carcinogen NNK Effectively Prevents Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1980-1988. [PMID: 32476407 PMCID: PMC8178726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our early studies demonstrated an impressive chemopreventive efficacy of dihydromethysticin (DHM), unique in kava, against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice in which DHM was supplemented in the diet. The current work was carried out to validate the efficacy, optimize the dosing schedule, and further elucidate the mechanisms using oral bolus dosing of DHM. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent chemopreventive efficacy of DHM (orally administered 1 h before each of the two NNK intraperitoneal injections, 1 week apart) against NNK-induced lung adenoma formation. Temporally, DHM at 0.8 mg per dose (∼32 mg per kg body weight) exhibited 100% lung adenoma inhibition when given 3 and 8 h before each NNK injection and attained >93% inhibition when dosed at either 1 or 16 h before each NNK injection. The simultaneous treatment (0 h) or 40 h pretreatment (-40 h) decreased lung adenoma burden by 49.8% and 52.1%, respectively. However, post-NNK administration of DHM (1-8 h after each NNK injection) was ineffective against lung tumor formation. In short-term experiments for mechanistic exploration, DHM treatment reduced the formation of NNK-induced O6-methylguanine (O6-mG, a carcinogenic DNA adduct in A/J mice) in the target lung tissue and increased the urinary excretion of NNK detoxification metabolites as judged by the ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc to free NNAL, generally in synchrony with the tumor prevention efficacy outcomes in the dose scheduling time-course experiment. Overall, these results suggest DHM as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis in smokers, with O6-mG and NNAL detoxification as possible surrogate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Pedro Corral
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Qi H, Wang S, Wu J, Yang S, Gray S, Ng CSH, Du J, Underwood MJ, Li MY, Chen GG. EGFR-AS1/HIF2A regulates the expression of FOXP3 to impact the cancer stemness of smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919855228. [PMID: 31275431 PMCID: PMC6598324 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919855228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early data showed that FOXP3 could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by stimulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, how the expression of FOXP3 is regulated in NSCLC remains unknown. We thus explored the impacts of the long noncoding RNA EGFR antisense RNA 1 (EGFR-AS1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2A (HIF2A) on FOXP3 expression and the cancer stemness of NSCLC. Methods: Lung tissues samples from 87 patients with NSCLC and two NSCLC cell lines were used in this study. The regulation of FOXP3 and lung cancer cell stemness by EGFR-AS1 and HIF2A was determined at molecular levels in NSCLC tissue samples and cultured cells in the presence/absence of the smoking carcinogen, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) (also known as nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone). The results were confirmed in tumor xenograft models. Results: We found that NNK decreased the expression of EGFR-AS1 in the long term, but increased the expression of HIF2A and FOXP3 to stimulate lung cancer cell stemness. EGFR-AS1 significantly inhibited FOXP3 expression and NSCLC cell stemness, whereas HIF2A obviously promoted both. The enhancement of lung cancer stemness by FOXP3 was, at least partially, via stimulating Notch1, as the inhibition of Notch1 could markedly diminish the effect of FOXP3. Conclusions: FOXP3, the expression of which is under the fine control of EGFR-AS1, is a critical molecule that promotes NSCLC cancer cell stemness through stimulating the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Qi
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juekun Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Steven Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Calvin S H Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Du
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Malcolm J Underwood
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Lohani M, Dhasmana A, Haque S, Dar SA, Jawed A, Wahid M, Mandal RK, Akhter N, Farasani A, Hobani YH, Singh A, Hussain S. Niacin deficiency modulates genes involved in cancer: Are smokers at higher risk? J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:232-242. [PMID: 30171725 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of niacin's metabolite, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), in DNA repair via base-excision repair pathway is well documented. We evaluated if niacin deficiency results in genetic instability in normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and further, does it leads to enhanced accumulation of cigarette smoke-induced genetic damage? MRC-5 cells were grown discretely in niacin-proficient/deficient media, and exposed to nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK, a cigarette smoke carcinogen). Niacin deficiency abated the NAD polymerization, augmented the spontaneous induction of micronuclei (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CA) and raised the expression of 10 genes and suppressed 12 genes involved in different biological functions. NNK exposure resulted in genetic damage as measured by the induction of MN and CA in cells grown in niacin-proficient medium, but the damage became practically marked when niacin-deficient cells were exposed to NNK. NNK exposure raised the expression of 16 genes and suppressed the expression of 56 genes in cells grown in niacin-proficient medium. NNK exposure to niacin-deficient cells raised the expression of eight genes including genes crucial in promoting cancer such as FGFR3 and DUSP1 and suppressed the expression of 33 genes, including genes crucial in preventing the onset and progression of cancer like RASSF2, JUP, and IL24, in comparison with the cells grown in niacin-proficient medium. Overall, niacin deficiency interferes with the DNA damage repair process induced by chemical carcinogens like NNK, and niacin-deficient population are at the higher risk of genetic instability caused by cigarette smoke carcinogen NNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohtashim Lohani
- Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajad A Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Farasani
- Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Hassan Hobani
- Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankita Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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Leng J, Wang Y. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine-Induced DNA Adducts in Mammalian Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9124-9130. [PMID: 28749651 PMCID: PMC5620023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of DNA lesions constitutes one of the main tasks in toxicology and in assessing health risks accompanied by exposure to carcinogens. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) can undergo metabolic transformation to give a reactive intermediate that pyridyloxobutylates nucleobases and phosphate backbone of DNA. Here, we reported a highly sensitive method, relying on the use of nanoflow liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-nESI-MS/MS), for the simultaneous quantifications of O6-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-POBdG) as well as O2- and O4-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-thymidine (O2-POBdT and O4-POBdT). By using this method, we measured the levels of the three DNA adducts with the use of 10 μg of DNA isolated from cultured mammalian cells exposed to a model pyridyloxobutylating agent, 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc). Our results demonstrated, for the first time, the formation of O4-POBdT in naked DNA and in genomic DNA of cultured mammalian cells exposed with NNKOAc. We also revealed that the levels of the three lesions increased with the dose of NNKOAc and that O2-POBdT and O4-POBdT could be subjected to repair by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The method reported here will be useful for investigations about the involvement of other DNA repair pathways in the removal of these lesions and for human toxicological studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Corresponding Author. Tel.: (951) 827-2700. Fax: (951) 827-4713.
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Weerasooriya S, Jasti VP, Bose A, Spratt TE, Basu AK. Roles of translesion synthesis DNA polymerases in the potent mutagenicity of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-derived O2-alkylthymidines in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 35:63-70. [PMID: 26460881 PMCID: PMC4651839 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent human carcinogen. Metabolic activation of NNK generates a number of DNA adducts including O(2)-methylthymidine (O(2)-Me-dT) and O(2)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O(2)-POB-dT). To investigate the biological effects of these O(2)-alkylthymidines in humans, we have replicated plasmids containing a site-specifically incorporated O(2)-Me-dT or O(2)-POB-dT in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. The bulkier O(2)-POB-dT exhibited high genotoxicity and only 26% translesion synthesis (TLS) occurred, while O(2)-Me-dT was less genotoxic and allowed 55% TLS. However, O(2)-Me-dT was 20% more mutagenic (mutation frequency (MF) 64%) compared to O(2)-POB-dT (MF 53%) in HEK293T cells. The major type of mutations in each case was targeted T → A transversions (56% and 47%, respectively, for O(2)-Me-dT and O(2)-POB-dT). Both lesions induced a much lower frequency of T → G, the dominant mutation in bacteria. siRNA knockdown of the TLS polymerases (pols) indicated that pol η, pol ζ, and Rev1 are involved in the lesion bypass of O(2)-Me-dT and O(2)-POB-dT as the TLS efficiency decreased with knockdown of each pol. In contrast, MF of O(2)-Me-dT was decreased in pol ζ and Rev1 knockdown cells by 24% and 25%, respectively, while for O(2)-POB-dT, it was decreased by 44% in pol ζ knockdown cells, indicating that these TLS pols are critical for mutagenesis. Additional decrease in both TLS efficiency and MF was observed in cells deficient in pol ζ plus other Y-family pols. This study provided important mechanistic details on how these lesions are bypassed in human cells in both error-free and error-prone manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay P Jasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Arindam Bose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Thomas E Spratt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Ashis K Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
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Tumorigenesis of smoking carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is related to its ability to stimulate thromboxane synthase and enhance stemness of non-small cell lung cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:198-206. [PMID: 26518146 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) play a critical role in lung cancer development, however, it is unknown whether thromboxane synthase (TXS) plays a role in the maintenance of LCSCs stemness. This study aimed to determine the in vivo role of TXS in lung cancer induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a smoking carcinogen. Results showed that ozagrel, a TXS blocker, suppressed NNK-induced lung tumors in mice. The expressions of CD133 and ALDH1A1 were positively associated with TXS. Similar results were observed in human NSCLC tumor samples. NNK significantly stimulated TXS and enhanced the generation of LCSCs, evident by the upregulation of CD133 and ALDH1A1 expression, and the increase in the number and size of tumor spheres. NNK also promoted the expression of LCSC-related molecules including β-catenin and Nanog. All these NNK-mediated effects could be offset by ozagrel. In the colony formation assay, NNK increased whereas ozagrel decreased the number of colonies. Collectively, LCSCs and TXS participate in NNK-induced lung cancer. Our data suggest that TXS is a promising therapeutic target as it is a key molecular in NNK-mediated stemness of LCSCs.
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Song JM, Kirtane AR, Upadhyaya P, Qian X, Balbo S, Teferi F, Panyam J, Kassie F. Intranasal delivery of liposomal indole-3-carbinol improves its pulmonary bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:96-101. [PMID: 25311179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a constituent of commonly consumed Brassica vegetables, has been shown to have anticancer effects in a variety of preclinical models of lung cancer. However, it has shown only limited efficacy in clinical trials, likely due to its poor oral bioavailability. Intranasal administration of I3C has the potential to enhance the pulmonary accumulation of the drug, thereby improving its availability at the target site of action. In this study, we developed a liposomal formulation of I3C and evaluated its lung delivery and chemopreventive potential in tobacco smoke carcinogen [4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)]-treated mice. Intranasal administration of I3C liposomes led to a ∼100-fold higher lung exposure of I3C than the oral route of administration. Further, intranasal delivery of liposomal I3C led to a significant reduction (37%; p<0.05) in the levels of the DNA adduct formation induced by NNK treatment. Liposomal I3C also significantly increased (by 10-fold) the expression of CYP1A1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme known to increase the detoxification of chemical carcinogens by enhancing their metabolism. Overall, our findings demonstrate that intranasal administration of liposomal I3C has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of I3C for lung cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | | | - Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Fitsum Teferi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
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Ninomiya F, Yokohira M, Kishi S, Nakano Y, Yamakawa K, Inoue T, Kuno T, Imaida K. Gender-dependent effects of gonadectomy on lung carcinogenesis by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in female and male A/J mice. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2632-8. [PMID: 24085151 PMCID: PMC3839949 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of gonadectomy on lung carcinogenesis in female and male mice, and to determine an association between sex hormone and lung carcinogenesis. Female and male A/J mice were divided into gonadectomized and unoperated control groups and all animals were treated intraperitoneally with 1 or 2 injections of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) at the dose of 2 mg/mouse. The mice were sacrificed 18 or 56 weeks after surgery. Serum levels of estradiol in females and testosterone in males were confirmed to be decreased by gonadectomy. Lung white nodules were detected in all mice of all groups. In the control groups of 18- and 56-week studies, the multiplicities of lung nodules in females were significantly greater than in males. In males in the 56-week study, the multiplicity of macroscopical lung nodules, bronchiolo-alveolar hyperplasias, adenomas and tumors (adenomas and adenocarcinomas) showed significant increase with castration. In females in the 18-week study, the multiplicity of adenomas decreased significantly by ovariectomy. Based on the results of the present study, female A/J mice were confirmed to be more susceptible to NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis than males. Furthermore, it was suggested that the process is inhibited by testosterone and accelerated by estradiol. These findings indicate the possibility that sex hormones play important roles in determining sex differences in lung carcinogenesis in the A/J mice initiated by NNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Ninomiya
- Onco-Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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