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Upadhyaya P, Joshi A, Dongre S. In Silico study on Targeting Human C-Reactive Protein Involved in Cardiovascular Disease using Quercetin. CM 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.322328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. Quercetin (Que) and its analogs are found in plants naturally and have been shown to have promising bioactive effects. The relationship between “Human C-reactive protein (CRP)” and the cardiovascular system (CVD) has been extensively researched over the last several decades. Numerous studies have looked at Que's potential benefits for a wide variety of medical conditions, including diabetes, inflammation, microbial infection, arthritis, heart disease, and wound healing. In current study the binding affinity of Quercetin against the cardiovascular target protein was analyzed using molecular docking because of the significance of protein-ligand interactions in structure-based drug development. After downloading the CRP (Target Cardiovascular Protein) 3D structure from Protein Data Bank, the authors used the Autodock software to position it in its docking environment and it was reported that the binding energy of Quercetin molecule with CRP is -6.28 kcal/mol. Though more in-vitro studies are required to validate this research. The findings suggest that Quercetin may protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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2
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Upadhyaya P, Jyothi S, Haria J. Development of Adaptive Spectrum Noise Cancellation Technique for Enhancing Heartbeat Rate Monitoring. CM 2023. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.367374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the Heart Rate Monitor (HRM) seems to be a portable monitoring device that can measure and displays real-time heartbeat rate in addition to storing heartbeat rate data for future studies. It is generally used to capture heart rate data during various types of physical exercise. Heart rhythm problems arise whenever the electrical impulses that coordinate the heartbeats aren't working properly. The ineffective signaling causes the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), overly slowly (bradycardia), or sporadically. In present study, a focused approach on Adaptive Spectrum Noise Cancellation (ASNC) were used for enhancing heartbeat rate monitoring for humans. It finds that simply a photodetector and a source of light are applied to the surface of the skin to monitor the proportional changes in the blood flow. It is concluded that for accurate measurement of heart rate while moving or running, the proposed device ASNC utilizes the application of embedded accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to identify and eradicate the artifacts adaptively. In future, the proposed model may adopted for modification and commercialization of wearable heart-rate sensors based upon photoplethysmography (PPG), it would be better in terms of utility as well as adoptability.
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3
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Hu Q, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS, Aly FZ, Huo Z, Xing C. Characterization of adductomic totality of NNK, (R)-NNAL and (S)-NNAL in A/J mice, and their correlations with distinct lung carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:170-181. [PMID: 34919675 PMCID: PMC8947227 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. While tobacco use is the main cause, only 10-20% of smokers eventually develop clinical lung cancer. Thus, the ability of lung cancer risk prediction among smokers could transform lung cancer management with early preventive interventions. Given that DNA damage by tobacco carcinogens is the potential root cause of lung carcinogenesis, we characterized the adductomic totality of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (a potent lung carcinogen in tobacco, commonly known as NNK) in the target lung tissues, the liver tissues and the peripheral serum samples in a single-dose NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis A/J mouse model. We also characterized these adductomic totalities from the two enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the major in vivo metabolite of NNK) given their distinct carcinogenicity in A/J mice. With these adductomic data, we demonstrated that tissue protein adductomics have the highest abundance. We also identified that the adductomic levels at the 8 h time point after carcinogen exposure were among the highest. More importantly, the relationships among these adductomics were characterized with overall strong positive linear correlations, demonstrating the potential of using peripheral serum protein adductomics to reflect DNA adductomics in the target lung tissues. Lastly, we explored the relationships of these adductomics with lung tumor status in A/J mice, providing preliminary but promising evidence of the feasibility of lung cancer risk prediction using peripheral adductomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - F Zahra Aly
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Narayanapillai SC, Han YH, Song JM, Kebede ME, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F. Modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis during inflammation-associated lung tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1518-1528. [PMID: 32602900 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant risk factor for lung cancer. One potential mechanism through which COPD contributes to lung cancer development could be through generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allows tumor formation and progression. In this study, we compared the status of immune cells and immune checkpoint proteins in lung tumors induced by the tobacco smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) or NNK + lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a model for COPD-associated lung tumors. Compared with NNK-induced lung tumors, NNK+LPS-induced lung tumors exhibited an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by higher relative abundances of PD-1+ tumor-associated macrophages, PD-L1+ tumor cells, PD-1+ CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and FOXP3+ CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Also, these markers were more abundant in the tumor tissue than in the surrounding 'normal' lung tissue of NNK+LPS-induced lung tumors. PD-L1 expression in lung tumors was associated with IFNγ/STAT1/STAT3 signaling axis. In cell line models, PD-L1 expression was found to be significantly enhanced in phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate activated THP-1 human monocytes (macrophages) treated with LPS or incubated in conditioned media (CM) generated by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Similarly, when NSCLC cells were incubated in CM generated by activated THP-1 cells, PD-L1 expression was upregulated in EGFR- and ERK-dependent manner. Overall, our observations indicate that COPD-like chronic inflammation creates a favorable immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor development and COPD-associated lung tumors might show a better response to immune checkpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Hwan Han
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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5
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Peterson LA, Oram MK, Flavin M, Seabloom D, Smith WE, O’Sullivan MG, Vevang KR, Upadhyaya P, Stornetta A, Floeder AC, Ho YY, Zhang L, Hecht SS, Balbo S, Wiedmann TS. Coexposure to Inhaled Aldehydes or Carbon Dioxide Enhances the Carcinogenic Properties of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine 4-Methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the A/J Mouse Lung. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:723-732. [PMID: 33629582 PMCID: PMC10901071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals, many of which are toxic and carcinogenic. Hazard assessments of tobacco smoke exposure have predominantly focused on either single chemical exposures or the more complex mixtures of tobacco smoke or its fractions. There are fewer studies exploring interactions between specific tobacco smoke chemicals. Aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were hypothesized to enhance the carcinogenic properties of the human carcinogen, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) through a variety of mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested in the established NNK-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model. A/J mice were exposed to NNK (intraperitoneal injection, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of acetaldehyde (0 or 360 ppmv) or formaldehyde (0 or 17 ppmv) for 3 h in a nose-only inhalation chamber, and lung tumors were counted 16 weeks later. Neither aldehyde by itself induced lung tumors. However, mice receiving both NNK and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde had more adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that aldehydes may increase the severity of NNK-induced lung adenomas. The aldehyde coexposure did not affect the levels of NNK-derived DNA adduct levels. Similar studies tested the ability of a 3 h nose-only carbon dioxide (0, 5, 10, or 15%) coexposure to influence lung adenoma formation by NNK. While carbon dioxide alone was not carcinogenic, it significantly increased the number of NNK-derived lung adenomas without affecting NNK-derived DNA damage. These studies indicate that the chemicals in tobacco smoke work together to form a potent lung carcinogenic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Marissa K. Oram
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Monica Flavin
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Donna Seabloom
- AeroCore Testing Service, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William E. Smith
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karin R. Vevang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Andrew C. Floeder
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Timothy S. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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6
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Li Y, Carlson ES, Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Investigation of 2'-Deoxyadenosine-Derived Adducts Specifically Formed in Rat Liver and Lung DNA by N'-Nitrosonornicotine Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1004-1015. [PMID: 33720703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the tobacco-specific nitrosamines N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). To exert its carcinogenicity, NNN requires metabolic activation to form reactive intermediates which alkylate DNA. Previous studies have identified cytochrome P450-catalyzed 2'-hydroxylation and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN as major metabolic pathways, with preferential activation through the 5'-hydroxylation pathway in some cultured human tissues and patas monkeys. So far, the only DNA adducts identified from NNN 5'-hydroxylation in rat tissues are 2-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl]-2'-deoxyinosine (Py-Py-dI), 6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl]-2'-deoxynebularine (Py-Py-dN), and N6-[4-hydroxy-1-(pyridine-3-yl)butyl]-2'-deoxyadenosine (N6-HPB-dAdo) after reduction. To expand the DNA adduct panel formed by NNN 5'-hydroxylation and identify possible activation biomarkers of NNN metabolism, we investigated the formation of dAdo-derived adducts using a new highly sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method. Two types of NNN-specific dAdo-derived adducts, N6-[5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2'-deoxyadenosine (N6-Py-THF-dAdo) and 6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl-5-hydroxy]-2'-deoxynebularine (Py-Py(OH)-dN), were observed for the first time in calf thymus DNA incubated with 5'-acetoxyNNN. More importantly, Py-Py(OH)-dN was also observed in relatively high abundance in the liver and lung DNA of rats treated with racemic NNN in the drinking water for 3 weeks. These new adducts were characterized using authentic synthesized standards. Both NMR and MS data agreed well with the proposed structures of N6-Py-THF-dAdo and Py-Py(OH)-dN. Reduction of Py-Py(OH)-dN by NaBH3CN led to the formation of Py-Py-dN both in vitro and in vivo, which was confirmed by its isotopically labeled internal standard [pyridine-d4]Py-Py-dN. The NNN-specific dAdo adducts Py-THF-dAdo and Py-Py(OH)-dN formed by NNN 5'-hydroxylation provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of DNA adduct formation by NNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Guo J, Chen H, Upadhyaya P, Zhao Y, Turesky RJ, Hecht SS. Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in Tissue DNA of Rats Exposed to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines and in Lung and Leukocyte DNA of Cigarette Smokers and Nonsmokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2475-2486. [PMID: 32833447 PMCID: PMC7574376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic activation of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) results in formation of reactive electrophiles that modify DNA to produce a variety of products including methyl, 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl (POB)-, and 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-hydroxybutyl adducts. Among these are adducts such as 7-POB-deoxyguanosine (N7POBdG) which can lead to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites by facile hydrolysis of the base-deoxyribonucleoside bond. In this study, we used a recently developed highly sensitive mass spectrometric method to quantitate AP sites by derivatization with O-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)hydroxylamine (PMOA) (detection limit, 2 AP sites per 108 nucleotides). AP sites were quantified in DNA isolated from tissues of rats treated with NNN and NNK and from human lung tissue and leukocytes of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Rats treated with 5 or 21 mg/kg bw NNK for 4 days by s.c. injection had 2-6 and 2-17 times more AP sites than controls in liver and lung DNA (p < 0.05). Increases in AP sites were also found in liver DNA of rats exposed for 10 and 30 weeks (p < 0.05) but not for 50 and 70 weeks to 5 ppm of NNK in their drinking water. Levels of N7POBG were significantly correlated with AP sites in rats treated with NNK. In rats treated with 14 ppm (S)-NNN in their drinking water for 10 weeks, increased AP site formation compared to controls was observed in oral and nasal respiratory mucosa DNA (p < 0.05). No significant increase in AP sites was found in human lung and leukocyte DNA of cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers, although AP sites in leukocyte DNA were significantly correlated with urinary levels of the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). This is the first study to use mass spectrometry based methods to examine AP site formation by carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in laboratory animals and to evaluate AP sites in DNA of smokers and nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehong Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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8
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Hu Q, Corral P, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, O’Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C. Oral Dosing of Dihydromethysticin Ahead of Tobacco Carcinogen NNK Effectively Prevents Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1980-1988. [PMID: 32476407 PMCID: PMC8178726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our early studies demonstrated an impressive chemopreventive efficacy of dihydromethysticin (DHM), unique in kava, against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice in which DHM was supplemented in the diet. The current work was carried out to validate the efficacy, optimize the dosing schedule, and further elucidate the mechanisms using oral bolus dosing of DHM. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent chemopreventive efficacy of DHM (orally administered 1 h before each of the two NNK intraperitoneal injections, 1 week apart) against NNK-induced lung adenoma formation. Temporally, DHM at 0.8 mg per dose (∼32 mg per kg body weight) exhibited 100% lung adenoma inhibition when given 3 and 8 h before each NNK injection and attained >93% inhibition when dosed at either 1 or 16 h before each NNK injection. The simultaneous treatment (0 h) or 40 h pretreatment (-40 h) decreased lung adenoma burden by 49.8% and 52.1%, respectively. However, post-NNK administration of DHM (1-8 h after each NNK injection) was ineffective against lung tumor formation. In short-term experiments for mechanistic exploration, DHM treatment reduced the formation of NNK-induced O6-methylguanine (O6-mG, a carcinogenic DNA adduct in A/J mice) in the target lung tissue and increased the urinary excretion of NNK detoxification metabolites as judged by the ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc to free NNAL, generally in synchrony with the tumor prevention efficacy outcomes in the dose scheduling time-course experiment. Overall, these results suggest DHM as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis in smokers, with O6-mG and NNAL detoxification as possible surrogate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Pedro Corral
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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9
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Seiler CL, Song JUM, Kotandeniya D, Chen J, Kono TJY, Han Q, Colwell M, Auch B, Sarver AL, Upadhyaya P, Ren Y, Faulk C, De Flora S, La Maestra S, Chen Y, Kassie F, Tretyakova NY. Inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke and inflammatory agents induces epigenetic changes in the lung. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11290. [PMID: 32647312 PMCID: PMC7347915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking-related lung tumors are characterized by profound epigenetic changes including scrambled patterns of DNA methylation, deregulated histone acetylation, altered gene expression levels, distorted microRNA profiles, and a global loss of cytosine hydroxymethylation marks. Here, we employed an enhanced version of bisulfite sequencing (RRBS/oxRRBS) followed by next generation sequencing to separately map DNA epigenetic marks 5-methyl-dC and 5-hydroxymethyl-dC in genomic DNA isolated from lungs of A/J mice exposed whole-body to environmental cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. Exposure to cigarette smoke significantly affected the patterns of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in the lungs. Differentially hydroxymethylated regions were associated with inflammatory response/disease, organismal injury, and respiratory diseases and were involved in regulation of cellular development, function, growth, and proliferation. To identify epigenetic changes in the lung associated with exposure to tobacco carcinogens and inflammation, A/J mice were intranasally treated with the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or both. NNK alone caused minimal epigenetic alterations, while exposure either to LPS or NNK/LPS in combination led to increased levels of global cytosine methylation and formylation, reduced cytosine hydroxymethylation, decreased histone acetylation, and altered expression levels of multiple genes. Our results suggest that inflammatory processes are responsible for epigenetic changes contributing to lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Seiler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - J Ung Min Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Jianji Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Thomas J Y Kono
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Qiyuan Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mathia Colwell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Auch
- Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Yanan Ren
- Biostatistics Core, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Yue Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, 2-147 CCRB, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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10
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Peterson LA, Oram MK, Seabloom DE, Smith WE, Stornetta A, Vevang KR, Flavin M, Tabaran AF, Cornax I, Gerard O’Sullivan M, Upadhyaya P, Zhang L, Hecht SS, Balbo S, Wiedmann TS. Abstract A19: Interactions between tobacco smoke chemicals in rodent tumor models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.envcaprev19-a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tobacco is a complex chemical mixture, containing many toxicants and carcinogens. Most rodent risk assessment studies have focused on single chemicals or the complicated mixtures of tobacco smoke or its fractions. There are few studies evaluating how specific chemicals interact with one another to form the potent carcinogenic mixture of tobacco smoke. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke aldehydes like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde could enhance the carcinogenic properties of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, N’-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-methylnitrosamine-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), through a variety of mechanisms. This hypothesis was tested in two established rodent tumor models, the NNN-induced rat esophageal tumor model and the NNK-induced A/J mouse lung tumor model. In the first model, rats were exposed to 0, 4, or 8 ppm NNN in the drinking water in the presence or absence of 3000 ppm acetaldehyde for up to 100 weeks. The number of esophageal papillomas per rat was doubled in animals receiving both acetaldehyde and 8 ppm NNN (0.5 versus 1.15 tumors/rat, respectively). Acetaldehyde alone did not cause esophageal tumors. DNA adduct levels were not affected by the combination of the two chemicals. In the second model, A/J mice were exposed to NNK (i.p, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol in saline) in the presence or absence of acetaldehyde (0 or 360 ppmv) or formaldehyde (0 or 15 ppmv) for 3 hours in a nose-only inhalation chamber. Lung tumors were counted 16 weeks later. Neither aldehyde by itself induced lung tumors. However, mice receiving both NNK and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde had an increased number of adenomas with dysplasia or progression than those receiving only NNK, suggesting that aldehydes may increase dysplasia in tumors initiated by NNK. As in the rat study, DNA adduct levels were not affected by the coexposure. In a separate experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the elevated levels of carbon dioxide in tobacco smoke could affect the carcinogenic properties of NNK in the A/J mouse; tobacco smoke contains 12.5% carbon dioxide. Mice received a 3 h nose-only carbon dioxide (0, 5, 10, or 15%) coexposure of mice receiving NNK (i.p. in saline, 0, 2.5, or 7.5 μmol). The coexposure to carbon dioxide more than doubled the number of lung adenomas induced by 2.5 μmol NNK, with the maximal effect observed with 10% carbon dioxide (0%: 1.8 ± 1.9; 5%: 3.9 ± 2.8; 10%: 7.1 ± 3.5; 15%; 5.5 ± 2.9 lung adenomas/mouse). Lung adenomas were also significantly increased in mice receiving 7.5 μmol NNK, although to a lesser extent (0%: 11 ± 6.2; 5%: 13 ± 7.9; 10%: 18 ± 6.0; 15%; 12 ± 5.3 lung adenomas/mouse). This additive and synergistic effect of carbon dioxide was highly significant (p value = 1.0 × 10-14). The mechanism of this interaction is under investigation. Collectively, these studies support the hypothesis that the aldehydes and carbon dioxide present in the tobacco mixture interact to enhance the carcinogenic potency of the tobacco specific nitrosamines. (Funded by CA-184987.)
Citation Format: Lisa A. Peterson, Marissa K. Oram, Donna E. Seabloom, William E. Smith, Alessia Stornetta, Karin R. Vevang, Monica Flavin, Alexandru F. Tabaran, Ingrid Cornax, M. Gerard O’Sullivan, Pramod Upadhyaya, Lin Zhang, Stephen S. Hecht, Silvia Balbo, Timothy S. Wiedmann. Interactions between tobacco smoke chemicals in rodent tumor models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lin Zhang
- 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,
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11
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Schardein J, Blakely S, Upadhyaya P, Nikolavsky D. 035 Patient Reported Outcomes of a Robotic-Assisted Double-Skin Flap Vaginoplasty Technique for Transfeminine Genital Reconstructive Surgery. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Narayanapillai SC, Tessier KM, Strayer LG, Upadhyaya P, Hu Q, Kingston R, Salloum RG, Lu J, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Fujioka N, Xing C. The Impact of One-week Dietary Supplementation with Kava on Biomarkers of Tobacco Use and Nitrosamine-based Carcinogenesis Risk among Active Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:483-492. [PMID: 32102948 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, driven by the addictive nature of nicotine and the indisputable carcinogenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as other compounds. The integration of lung cancer chemoprevention with smoking cessation is one potential approach to reduce this risk and mitigate lung cancer mortality. Experimental data from our group suggest that kava, commonly consumed in the South Pacific Islands as a beverage to promote relaxation, may reduce lung cancer risk by enhancing NNK detoxification and reducing NNK-derived DNA damage. Building upon these observations, we conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a 7-day course of kava on NNK metabolism in active smokers. The primary objective was to compare urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL plus its glucuronides, major metabolites of NNK) before and after kava administration as an indicator of NNK detoxification. Secondary objectives included determining kava's safety, its effects on DNA damage, tobacco use, and cortisol (a biomarker of stress). Kava increased urinary excretion of total NNAL and reduced urinary 3-methyladenine in participants, suggestive of its ability to reduce the carcinogenicity of NNK. Kava also reduced urinary total nicotine equivalents, indicative of its potential to facilitate tobacco cessation. Plasma cortisol and urinary total cortisol equivalents were reduced upon kava use, which may contribute to reductions in tobacco use. These results demonstrate the potential of kava intake to reduce lung cancer risk among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Katelyn M Tessier
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori G Strayer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rick Kingston
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute, Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Phelps J, Nikolavsky D, Blakely S, Upadhyaya P. 015 Patient Reported Outcomes of a Robotic-Assisted Double-Skin Flap Vaginoplasty Technique for Gender Affirmation. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carrà A, Guidolin V, Dator RP, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F, Villalta PW, Balbo S. Targeted High Resolution LC/MS 3 Adductomics Method for the Characterization of Endogenous DNA Damage. Front Chem 2019; 7:658. [PMID: 31709223 PMCID: PMC6822301 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA can be damaged through covalent modifications of the nucleobases by endogenous processes. These modifications, commonly referred to as DNA adducts, can persist and may lead to mutations, and ultimately to the initiation of cancer. A screening methodology for the majority of known endogenous DNA adducts would be a powerful tool for investigating the etiology of cancer and for the identification of individuals at high-risk to the detrimental effects of DNA damage. This idea led to the development of a DNA adductomic approach using high resolution data-dependent scanning, an extensive MS2 fragmentation inclusion list of known endogenous adducts, and neutral loss MS3 triggering to profile all DNA modifications. In this method, the detection of endogenous DNA adducts is performed by observation of their corresponding MS3 neutral loss triggered events and their relative quantitation using the corresponding full scan extracted ion chromatograms. The method's inclusion list consists of the majority of known endogenous DNA adducts, compiled, and reported here, as well as adducts specific to tobacco exposure included to compare the performance of the method with previously developed targeted approaches. The sensitivity of the method was maximized by reduction of extraneous background signal through the purification and minimization of the amount of commercially obtained enzymes used for the DNA hydrolysis. In addition, post-hydrolysis sample purification was performed using off-line HPLC fraction collection to eliminate the highly abundant unmodified bases, and to avoid introduction of plasticizers found in solid-phase extraction cartridges. Also, several instrument parameters were evaluated to optimize the ion signal intensities and fragmentation spectra quality. The method was tested on an animal model of lung carcinogenesis where A/J mice were exposed to the tobacco specific lung carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) with its effects enhanced by co-exposure to the pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung DNA were screened for endogenous DNA adducts known to result from oxidative stress and LPS-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as for adducts due to NNK exposure. The relative quantitation of the detected DNA adducts was performed using parallel reaction monitoring MS2 analysis, demonstrating a general workflow for analysis of endogenous DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Bloom AJ, Upadhyaya P, Kharasch ED. Strain-specific altered nicotine metabolism in 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) exposed mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:188-194. [PMID: 31016737 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two indole compounds, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its acid condensation product, 3,3'-diindolymethane (DIM), have been shown to suppress the expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) and to induce some hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in rats. In liver microsomes prepared from rats fed I3C or DIM, FMO-mediated nicotine N-oxygenation was decreased, whereas CYP-mediated nicotine metabolism to nicotine iminium and subsequently to cotinine was unchanged. Therefore, it was hypothesized that in mice DIM would also suppress nicotine N-oxygenation without affecting CYP-mediated nicotine metabolism. Liver microsomes were produced from male and female C57BL/6 J and CD1 mice fed 2500 parts per million (ppm) DIM for 14 days. In liver microsomes from DIM-fed mice, FMO-mediated nicotine N-oxygenation did not differ from the controls, but CYP-mediated nicotine metabolism was significantly increased, with results varying by sex and strain. To confirm the effects of DIM in vivo, control and DIM-fed CD1 male mice were injected subcutaneously with nicotine, and the plasma concentrations of nicotine, cotinine and nicotine-N-oxide were measured over 30 minutes. The DIM-fed mice showed greater cotinine concentrations compared with the controls 10 minutes following injection. It is concluded that the effects of DIM on nicotine metabolism in vitro and in vivo differ between mice and rats and between mouse strains, and that DIM is an effective inducer of CYP-mediated nicotine metabolism in commonly studied mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joseph Bloom
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Song JM, Im J, Nho RS, Han YH, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F. Hyaluronan-CD44/RHAMM interaction-dependent cell proliferation and survival in lung cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:321-333. [PMID: 30365189 PMCID: PMC11005861 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Although members of the hyaluronan (HA)-CD44/HA-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM) signaling pathway have been shown to be overexpressed in lung cancer, their role in lung tumorigenesis is unclear. In the present study, we first determined levels of HA and its receptors CD44 and RHAMM in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and stromal cells as well as mouse lung tumors. Subsequently, we examined the role of HA-CD44/RHAMM signaling pathway in mediating the proliferation and survival of NSCLC cells and the cross-talk between NSCLC cells and normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs)/lung cancer-associated fibroblasts (LCAFs). The highest levels of HA and CD44 were observed in NHLFs/LCAFs followed by NSCLC cells, whereas THP-1 monocytes/macrophages showed negligible levels of both HA and CD44. Simultaneous silencing of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) and HAS3 or CD44 and RHAMM suppressed cell proliferation and survival as well as the EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Exogenous HA partially rescued the defect in cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, conditioned media (CM) generated by NHLFs/LCAFs enhanced the proliferation of NSCLC cells in a HA-dependent manner as treatment of NHLFs and LCAFs with HAS2 siRNA, 4-methylumbelliferone, an inhibitor of HASs, LY2228820, an inhibitor of p38MAPK, or treatment of A549 cells with CD44 blocking antibody suppressed the effects of the CM. Upon incubation in CM generated by A549 cells or THP-1 macrophages, NHLFs/LCAFs secreted higher concentrations of HA. Overall, our findings indicate that targeting the HA-CD44/RHAMM signaling pathway could be a promising approach for the prevention and therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Yong Hwan Han
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Li Y, Ma B, Cao Q, Balbo S, Zhao L, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Pyridyloxobutyl DNA Phosphate Adducts in Rats Chronically Treated with N'-Nitrosonornicotine. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:773-783. [PMID: 30740971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific carcinogens N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenicity. NNN and NNK are metabolized to the same reactive diazonium ions, which alkylate DNA forming pyridyloxobutyl (POB) DNA base and phosphate adducts. We have characterized the formation of both POB DNA base and phosphate adducts in NNK-treated rats and the formation of POB DNA base adducts in NNN-treated rats. However, POB DNA phosphate adducts in NNN-treated rats are still uncharacterized. In this study, we quantified the levels of POB DNA phosphate adducts in tissues of rats chronically treated with ( S)-NNN or ( R)-NNN for 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks during a carcinogenicity study. The highest amounts of POB DNA phosphate adducts were observed in the esophagus of the ( S)-NNN-treated rats, with a maximum level of 5400 ± 317 fmol/mg DNA at 50 weeks. The abundance of POB DNA phosphate adducts in the esophagus was consistent with the results of the carcinogenicity study showing that the esophagus was the primary site of tumor formation from treatment with ( S)-NNN. Compared to the ( R)-NNN group, the levels of POB DNA phosphate adducts were higher in the oral mucosa, esophagus, and liver, while lower in the nasal mucosa of the ( S)-NNN-treated rats. Among 10 combinations of all isomers of POB DNA phosphate adducts, Ap(POB)C and combinations with thymidine predominated across all the rat tissues examined. In the primary target tissue, esophageal mucosa, Ap(POB)C accounted for ∼20% of total phosphate adducts in the ( S)-NNN treatment group throughout the 70 weeks, with levels ranging from 780 ± 194 to 1010 ± 700 fmol/mg DNA. The results of this study showed that POB DNA phosphate adducts were present in high levels and persisted in target tissues of rats chronically treated with ( S)- or ( R)-NNN. These results improve our understanding of DNA damage during NNN-induced carcinogenesis. The predominant POB DNA phosphate isomers observed, such as Ap(POB)C, may serve as biomarkers for monitoring chronic exposure of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Qing Cao
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Virus Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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Song JM, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F. Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-Aspirin) suppresses lung tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo and these effects are associated with modulation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:911-920. [PMID: 29982425 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although regular aspirin use has been shown to lower the risk of colorectal cancer, its efficacy against lung cancer is weak or inconsistent. Moreover, aspirin use increases the risk of ulcers and stomach bleeding. In this study, we determined the efficacy of nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-Aspirin), a safer form of aspirin in which the parent drug is linked to a nitric oxide-releasing moiety through a spacer, to suppress lung tumorigenesis. Under in vitro conditions, NO-Aspirin significantly reduced the proliferation and survival of tumorigenic bronchial cell line (1170) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549, H1650, H1975 and HCC827) and colony formation by NSCLC cells at sub- or low micromolar concentrations (≤1 µM for 1170 cells and ≤6 µM for NSCLC cells) in a COX-2 independent manner. These effects were paralleled by suppression of phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), -STAT3, -Akt and -ERK and enhanced caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Among NSCLC cells, EGFR mutant cells (H1650, H1975 and HCC827) were more sensitive than cells expressing wild-type EGFR (A549) and H1650 cells were the most sensitive. Moreover, NO-Aspirin sensitized H1650 and H1975 cells to the antiproliferative effects of erlotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In in vivo studies using 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of lung tumorigenesis, NO-Aspirin significantly reduced the number and size of lung tumors, expression of phospho-EGFR and -Akt as well as the pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-α and interferon-gamma. Overall, these results indicate the potential of NO-Aspirin for the chemoprevention of lung cancer in high risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Dator R, von Weymarn LB, Villalta PW, Hooyman CJ, Maertens LA, Upadhyaya P, Murphy SE, Balbo S. In Vivo Stable-Isotope Labeling and Mass-Spectrometry-Based Metabolic Profiling of a Potent Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Rats. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11863-11872. [PMID: 30086646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), is a potent lung carcinogen that exerts its carcinogenic effects upon metabolic activation. The identification and quantitation of NNK metabolites could identify potential biomarkers of bioactivation and detoxification of this potent carcinogen and may be used to predict lung cancer susceptibility among smokers. Here, we used in vivo isotope-labeling and high-resolution-mass-spectrometry-based methods for the comprehensive profiling of all known and unknown NNK metabolites. The sample-enrichment, LC-MS, and data-analysis workflow, including a custom script for automated d0- d4- m/ z-pair-peak detection, enabled unbiased identification of numerous NNK metabolites. The structures of the metabolites were confirmed using targeted LC-MS2 with retention-time ( tR) and MS2-fragmentation comparisons to those of standards when possible. Eleven known metabolites and unchanged NNK were identified simultaneously. More importantly, our workflow revealed novel NNK metabolites, including 1,3-Diol (13), α-OH-methyl-NNAL-Gluc (14), nitro-NK- N-oxide (15), nitro-NAL- N-oxide (16), γ-OH NNAL (17), and three N-acetylcysteine (NAC) metabolites (18a-c). We measured the differences in the relative distributions of a panel of nitroso-containing NNK-specific metabolites in rats before and after phenobarbital (PB) treatment, and this served as a demonstration of a general strategy for the detection of metabolic differences in animal and cell systems. Lastly, we generated a d4-labeled NNK-metabolite mixture to be used as internal standards ( d4-rat urine) for the relative quantitation of NNK metabolites in humans, and this new strategy will be used to assess carcinogen exposure and ultimately to evaluate lung-cancer risk and susceptibility in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romel Dator
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Linda B von Weymarn
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Cory J Hooyman
- Independent Consultant , 3732 Harriet Avenue South , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55409 , United States
| | - Laura A Maertens
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street Southeast , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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Carlson ES, Upadhyaya P, Villalta PW, Ma B, Hecht SS. Analysis and Identification of 2'-Deoxyadenosine-Derived Adducts in Lung and Liver DNA of F-344 Rats Treated with the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:358-370. [PMID: 29651838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are carcinogenic in animal models and are believed to play an important role in human lung carcinogenesis for cigarette smokers. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of these tobacco-specific nitrosamines produces reactive species that alkylate DNA in the form of pyridyloxobutyl (POB)- or pyridylhydroxybutyl (PHB)-DNA adducts. Understanding the formation mechanism and overall levels of these adducts can potentially enhance cancer prevention methods through the identification of particularly susceptible smokers. Previous studies have identified and measured a panel of POB- and PHB-DNA base adducts of dGuo, dCyd, and Thd; however, dAdo adducts have yet to be determined. In this study, we complete this DNA adduct panel by identifying and quantifying levels of NNK- and NNAL-derived dAdo adducts in vitro and in vivo. To accomplish this, we synthesized standards for expected dAdo-derived DNA adducts and used isotope-dilution LC-ESI+-MS/MS to identify POB adducts formed in vitro from the reaction of 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc) with calf thymus DNA. Adduct levels were then quantified in lung and liver DNA of rats chronically treated with NNK or NNAL for 50 weeks using similar LC-MS detection methods. The in vitro studies identified N6-POB-dAdo and N1-POB-dIno as products of the reaction of NNKOAc with DNA, which supports our proposed mechanism of formation. Though both N6-dAdo and N1-dIno adducts were found in vitro, only N6-dAdo adducts were found in vivo, implying possible intervention by DNA repair mechanisms. Analogous to previous studies, levels of N6-POB-dAdo and N6-PHB-dAdo varied both with tissue and treatment type. Despite the adduct levels being relatively modest compared to most other POB- and PHB-DNA adducts, they may play a biological role and could be used in future studies as NNK- and NNAL-specific DNA damage biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street SE , 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States.,Department of Pharmacology , University of Minnesota Medical School , 321 Church Street SE , 6-120 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street SE , 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street SE , 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street SE , 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center , University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth Street SE , 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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Song JM, Anandharaj A, Upadhyaya P, Kirtane AR, Kim JH, Hong KH, Panyam J, Kassie F. Honokiol suppresses lung tumorigenesis by targeting EGFR and its downstream effectors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57752-57769. [PMID: 27458163 PMCID: PMC5295387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly deregulated in pre-malignant lung epithelium, targeting EGFR may arrest the development of lung cancer. Here, we showed that honokiol (2.5–7.5 μM), a bioactive compound of Magnolia officinalis, differentially suppressed proliferation (up to 93%) and induced apoptosis (up to 61%) of EGFR overexpressing tumorigenic bronchial cells and these effects were paralleled by downregulation of phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt, phospho-STAT3 and cell cycle-related proteins as early as 6–12 h post-treatment. Autocrine secretion of EGF sensitized 1170 cells to the effects of honokiol. Molecular docking studies indicated that honokiol binds to the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR although it was less efficient than erlotinib. However, the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of honokiol were stronger than those of erlotinib. Upon combinatory treatment, honokiol sensitized bronchial cells and erlotinib resistant H1650 and H1975 cells to erlotinib. Furthermore, in a mouse lung tumor bioassay, intranasal instillation of liposomal honokiol (5 mg/kg) for 14 weeks reduced the size and multiplicity (49%) of lung tumors and the level of total- and phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt and phospho-STAT3. Overall, our results indicate that honokiol is a promising candidate to suppress the development and even progression of lung tumors driven by EGFR deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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22
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Ma B, Zarth AT, Carlson ES, Villalta PW, Upadhyaya P, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Identification of more than 100 structurally unique DNA-phosphate adducts formed during rat lung carcinogenesis by the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:232-241. [PMID: 29194532 PMCID: PMC5862267 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a powerful lung carcinogen in animal models and is considered a causative factor for lung cancer in people who use tobacco products. NNK undergoes metabolic activation-a critical step in its mechanism of carcinogenesis-to an intermediate which reacts with DNA to form pyridyloxobutyl DNA base and phosphate adducts. Another important metabolic pathway of NNK is its conversion to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which similarly forms pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA base adducts that have been characterized previously. In this study, we investigated the potential formation of pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts. We report the characterization and quantitation of 107 structurally unique pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts in the lungs of rats treated chronically with a carcinogenic dose of 5 ppm of NNK in their drinking water for up to 70 weeks, by using a novel liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method. Our findings demonstrate that pyridylhydroxybutyl phosphate adducts account for 38-55 and 34-40% of all the measured pyridine-containing DNA adducts in rat lung and liver, respectively, upon treatment with NNK. Some of the pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA phosphate adducts persisted in both tissues for over 70 weeks, suggesting that they could be potential biomarkers of chronic exposure to NNK and NNAL. This study provides comprehensive characterization and relative quantitation of a panel of NNK/NNAL-derived DNA phosphate adducts, thus identifying NNK as the source of the most structurally diverse set of DNA adducts identified to date from any carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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23
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Ma B, Zarth AT, Carlson ES, Villalta PW, Upadhyaya P, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Methyl DNA Phosphate Adduct Formation in Rats Treated Chronically with 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and Enantiomers of Its Metabolite 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:48-57. [PMID: 29131934 PMCID: PMC5770887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a powerful lung carcinogen in animal models and is considered a causative factor for lung cancer in tobacco users. NNK is stereoselectively and reversibly metabolized to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which is also a lung carcinogen. Both NNK and NNAL undergo metabolic activation by α-hydroxylation on their methyl groups to form pyridyloxobutyl and pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA base and phosphate adducts, respectively. α-Hydroxylation also occurs on the α-methylene carbons of NNK and NNAL to produce methane diazohydroxide, which reacts with DNA to form methyl DNA base adducts. DNA adducts of NNK and NNAL are important in their mechanisms of carcinogenesis. In this study, we characterized and quantified methyl DNA phosphate adducts in the lung of rats treated with 5 ppm of NNK, (S)-NNAL, or (R)-NNAL in drinking water for 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks, by using a novel liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry method. A total of 23, 21, and 22 out of 32 possible methyl DNA phosphate adducts were detected in the lung tissues of rats treated with NNK, (S)-NNAL, and (R)-NNAL, respectively. Levels of the methyl DNA phosphate adducts were 2290-4510, 872-1120, and 763-1430 fmol/mg DNA, accounting for 15-38%, 8%, and 5-9% of the total measured DNA adducts in rats treated with NNK, (S)-NNAL, and (R)-NNAL, respectively. The methyl DNA phosphate adducts characterized in this study further enriched the diversity of DNA adducts formed by NNK and NNAL. These results provide important new data regarding NNK- and NNAL-derived DNA damage and new insights pertinent to future mechanistic and biomonitoring studies of NNK, NNAL, and other chemical methylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T. Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Erik S. Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, 2-152 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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24
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Upadhyaya P, Zarth AT, Fujioka N, Fritz VA, Hecht SS. Identification and analysis of a mercapturic acid conjugate of indole-3-methyl isothiocyanate in the urine of humans who consumed cruciferous vegetables. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1072:341-346. [PMID: 29223047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucobrassicin, a quantitatively significant constituent of Brassica vegetables, gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its dimer di-indolylmethane (DIM) when the vegetables are chewed. I3C and DIM have been extensively studied with respect to their anti-carcinogenic properties. However, the presumed intermediate isothiocyanate in their formation, indole-3-methyl isothiocyanate (IMITC), has to our knowledge never been observed, despite the fact that isothiocyanates derived from cruciferous vegetables are known to have anti-carcinogenic properties. Therefore, we investigated the formation and presence in human urine of IMITC by analyzing for its N-acetylcysteine conjugate, IMITC-NAC, in order to gain a more complete understanding of the biochemical pathways leading to formation of I3C and DIM upon consumption of vegetables rich in glucobrassicin. Standard IMITC-NAC was synthesized and its structure confirmed by NMR and MS. IMITC-NAC was identified in extracts of Brussels sprouts chopped in the presence of N-acetylcysteine. An LC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM method for analysis of IMITC-NAC, with [13C,15N]IMITC-NAC as internal standard, was developed and validated. Then, ten subjects (7 females) consumed a salad of Brussels sprouts and cabbage (containing 100-500μmol glucobrassicin) once daily for 3days. Urine was collected at intervals up to 24h after vegetable consumption. Levels of IMITC-NAC in the urine of these 10 subjects ranged from 0.2 to 30.2pmol/mL urine. These results provide the first evidence for the presumed intermediacy of IMITC in the formation of I3C and DIM in humans who consumed Brussels sprouts and cabbage as a source of glucobrassicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vincent A Fritz
- Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, 35838 120th Street, Waseca, MN 56093, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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25
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Carlson ES, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994777 DOI: 10.3791/56312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-nitrosamines are a well-established group of environmental carcinogens, which require cytochrome P450 oxidation to exhibit activity. The accepted mechanism of metabolic activation involves formation of α-hydroxynitrosamines that spontaneously decompose to DNA alkylating agents. Accumulation of DNA damage and the resulting mutations can ultimately lead to cancer. New evidence indicates that α-hydroxynitrosamines can be further oxidized to nitrosamides processively by cytochrome P450s. Because nitrosamides are generally more stable than α-hydroxynitrosamines and can also alkylate DNA, nitrosamides may play a role in carcinogenesis. In this report, we describe a general protocol for evaluating nitrosamide production from in vitro cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolism of nitrosamines. This protocol utilizes a general approach to the synthesis of the relevant nitrosamides and an in vitro cytochrome P450 metabolism assay using liquid chromatography-nanospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry for detection. This method detected N'-nitrosonorcotinine as a minor metabolite of N'-nitrosonornicotine in the example study. The method has high sensitivity and selectively due to accurate mass detection. Application of this method to a wide variety of nitrosamine-cytochrome P450 systems will help determine the generality of this transformation. Because cytochrome P450s are polymorphic and vary in activity, a better understanding of nitrosamide formation could aid in individual cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota;
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26
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Puppala M, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Sun H, Upadhyaya P, O'Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Xing C. Pilot in Vivo Structure-Activity Relationship of Dihydromethysticin in Blocking 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced O 6-Methylguanine and Lung Tumor in A/J Mice. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7935-7940. [PMID: 28806079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Dihydromethysticin was recently identified as a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent, while (+)-dihydrokavain was completely ineffective. A pilot in vivo structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explored, evaluating the efficacy of its analogs in blocking 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced short-term O6-methylguanine and long-term adenoma formation in the lung tissues in A/J mice. Both results revealed cohesive SARs, demonstrating that the methylenedioxy functional group in DHM is essential while the lactone functional group tolerates modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Puppala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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27
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Cheng G, Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Villalta PW, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Investigation of the presence in human urine of mercapturic acids derived from phenanthrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:80-88. [PMID: 28693886 PMCID: PMC5584071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental carcinogens implicated as causes of cancer in certain industrial settings and in cigarette smokers. PAH require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. One widely accepted pathway of metabolic activation proceeds through formation of "bay region" diol epoxides which are highly reactive with DNA and can cause mutations. Phenanthrene (Phe) is the simplest PAH with a bay region and an excellent model for the study of PAH metabolism. In previous studies in which [D10]Phe was administered to smokers, we observed higher levels of [D10]Phe-tetraols derived from [D10]Phe-diol epoxides in subjects who were null for the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene. We hypothesized that Phe-epoxides, the primary metabolites of Phe, were detoxified by glutathione conjugate formation, which would result ultimately in the excretion of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine. We synthesized the four stereoisomeric mercapturic acids that would result from attack of glutathione on Phe-epoxides followed by normal processing of the conjugates. We also synthesized the corresponding dehydrated metabolites and sulfoxides. These 12 standards were used in liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urine samples from smokers and creosote workers, the latter exposed to unusually high levels of PAH. Only the sulfoxide derivatives were consistently detected in the urine of creosote workers; none of the compounds was detected in the urine of smokers. These results demonstrate a new pathway of PAH-mercapturic acid formation, but do not provide an explanation for the role of GSTM1 null status on Phe-tetraol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
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28
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Michel AK, Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Identification of 4-(3-Pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl-2'-deoxycytidine Adducts Formed in the Reaction of DNA with 4-(Acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: A Chemically Activated Form of Tobacco-Specific Carcinogens. ACS Omega 2017; 2:1180-1190. [PMID: 28393135 PMCID: PMC5377278 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic activation of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 1) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN, 2) results in the formation of 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyl (POB)-DNA adducts, several of which have been previously identified both in vitro and in tissues of laboratory animals treated with NNK or NNN. However, 2'-deoxycytidine adducts formed in this process have been incompletely examined in previous studies. Therefore, in this study we prepared characterized standards for the identification of previously unknown 2'-deoxycytidine and 2'-deoxyuridine adducts that could be produced in these reactions. The formation of these products in reactions of 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc, 3), a model 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutylating agent, with DNA was investigated. The major 2'-deoxycytidine adduct, identified as its stable cytosine analogue O2-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-cytosine (12), was O2-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxycytidine (13), whereas lesser amounts of 3-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxycytidine (14) and N4-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxycytidine (15) were also observed. The potential conversion of relatively unstable 2'-deoxycytidine adducts to stable 2'-deoxyuridine adducts by treatment of the adducted DNA with bisulfite was also investigated, but the harsh conditions associated with this approach prevented quantitation. The results of this study provide new validated standards for the study of 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutylation of DNA, a critical reaction in the carcinogenesis by 1 and 2, and demonstrate the presence of previously unidentified 2'-deoxycytidine adducts in this DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Michel
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Room 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T. Zarth
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Room 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Room 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Room 2-148 CCRB, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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29
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Paudyal P, Pande K, Pradhan A, Shah R, Upadhyaya P, Thapa S. Pleomorphic adenoma of nasal septum: A case report. J Pathol Nep 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v7i1.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenomas are the most common benign tumor of the major salivary glands. Other rare sites for the occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma have been described in the larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, lacrimal glands and trachea. We report here a case of intranasal pleomorphic adenoma arising from the nasal septum causing nasal obstruction which was clinically diagnosed as papilloma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma.
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30
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Abstract
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines believed to play a vital role in the initiation of tobacco-related cancers. For their carcinogenicities to be exhibited, both NNN and NNK must be metabolically activated by cytochrome P450s, specifically P450 2A6 and P450 2A13, respectively. Prior research has focused on α-hydroxylation, which leads to the formation of several DNA adducts that have been identified and quantified in vivo. However, some studies indicate that P450s can retain substrates within their active sites and perform processive oxidation. For nitrosamines, this would oxidize the highly unstable α-hydroxynitrosamines to potentially more stable nitrosamides, which could also alkylate DNA. Thus, we hypothesized that both NNN and NNK are processively oxidized in vitro to nitrosamides by P450 2A6 and P450 2A13, respectively. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized the NNN- and NNK-derived nitrosamides, determined their half-lives at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, and monitored for nitrosamide formation in an in vitro P450 system with product analysis by LC/NSI+-HRMS/MS. Half-lives of the nitrosamides were determined by HPLC-UV and ranged from 7-35 min, which is more than 40 times longer than the corresponding α-hydroxynitrosamines. Incubation of NNN in the P450 2A6 system resulted in the formation of the nitrosamide N'-nitrosonorcotinine (NNC) at low levels. Similarly, the nitrosamide 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4-butanedione (CH2-oxo-NNK) was detected in low amounts in the incubation of NNK with the P450 2A13 system. The other possible NNK-derived nitrosamide, 4-(nitrosoformamido)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (CH3-oxo-NNK), was not observed in the P450 2A13 reactions. CH2-oxo-NNK readily formed O6meGua in reactions with dGuo and calf thymus DNA. These results demonstrate that NNC and CH2-oxo-NNK are novel metabolites of NNN and NNK, respectively. Though low-forming, their increased stability may allow for mutagenic DNA damage in vivo. More broadly, this study provides the first account of a cytochrome P450-mediated conversion of nitrosamines to nitrosamides, which warrants further studies to determine how general this phenomenon is in nitrosamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S. Carlson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 Street SE, 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 321 Church Street SE, 6-120 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 Street SE, 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 Street SE, 2-210 CCRB, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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31
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Khammanivong A, Anandharaj A, Qian X, Song JM, Upadhyaya P, Balbo S, Bandyopadhyay D, Dickerson EB, Hecht SS, Kassie F. Transcriptome profiling in oral cavity and esophagus tissues from (S)-N'-nitrosonornicotine-treated rats reveals candidate genes involved in human oral cavity and esophageal carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2168-2182. [PMID: 26785143 PMCID: PMC5142294 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that (S)-N'-Nitrosonornicotine [(S)-NNN], the major form of NNN in tobacco products, is a potent oral cavity and esophageal carcinogen in rats. To determine the early molecular alterations induced by (S)-NNN in the oral and esophageal mucosa, we administered the carcinogen to rats in the drinking water for 10 wk and global gene expression alterations were analyzed by RNA sequencing. At a false discovery rate P-value < 0.05 and fold-change ≥2, we found alterations in the level of 39 genes in the oral cavity and 69 genes in the esophagus. Validation of RNA sequencing results by qRT-PCR assays revealed a high cross-platform concordance. The most significant impact of exposure to (S)-NNN was alteration of genes involved in immune regulation (Aire, Ctla4, and CD80), inflammation (Ephx2 and Inpp5d) and cancer (Cdkn2a, Dhh, Fetub B, Inpp5d, Ly6E, Nr1d1, and Wnt6). Consistent with the findings in rat tissues, most of the genes were deregulated, albeit to different degrees, in immortalized oral keratinocytes treated with (S)-NNN and in non-treated premalignant oral cells and malignant oral and head and neck squamous cells. Furthermore, interrogation of TCGA data sets showed that genes deregulated by (S)-NNN in rat tissues (Fetub, Ly6e, Nr1d1, Cacna1c, Cd80, and Dgkg) are also altered in esophageal and head and neck tumors. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into early molecular changes induced by (S)-NNN and, therefore, could contribute to the development of biomarkers for the early detection and prevention of (S)-NNN-associated oral and esophageal cancers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Erin B. Dickerson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Narayanapillai SC, Lin SH, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, Baglole CJ, Xing C. Dihydromethysticin (DHM) Blocks Tobacco Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-Induced O 6-Methylguanine in a Manner Independent of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Pathway in C57BL/6 Female Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1828-1834. [PMID: 27728767 PMCID: PMC6532060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a key carcinogen responsible for tobacco smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis. Among the types of DNA damage caused by NNK and its metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) is likely the most carcinogen in A/J mice. Results of our previous studies showed that levels of O6-mG and other types of NNAL-derived DNA damage were preferentially reduced in the lung of female A/J mice upon dietary treatment with dihydromethysticin (DHM), a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent from kava. Such a differential blockage may be mediated via an increased level of NNAL glucuronidation, thereby leading to its detoxification. The potential of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an upstream target of DHM mediating these events was evaluated herein using Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- C57BL/6 female mice because DHM was reported as an AhR agonist. DHM (0.05, 0.2, and 1.0 mg/g of diet) and dihydrokavain (DHK, an inactive analogue, 1.0 mg/g of diet) were given to mice for 7 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of NNK at 100 mg/kg of body weight. The effects of DHM on the amount of O6-mG in the lung, on the urinary ratio of glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-Gluc) and free NNAL, and on CYP1A1/2 activity in the liver microsomes were analyzed. As observed in A/J mice, DHM treatment significantly and dose-dependently reduced the level of O6-mG in the target lung tissue, but there were no significant differences in O6-mG reduction between mice from Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- backgrounds. Similarly, in both strains, DHM at 1 mg/g of diet significantly increased the urinary ratio of NNAL-Gluc to free NNAL and CYP1A1/2 enzymatic activity in liver with no changes detected at lower DHM dosages. Because none of these effects of DHM were dependent on Ahr status, AhR clearly is not the upstream target for DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shang-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Fujioka N, Ransom BW, Carmella SG, Upadhyaya P, Lindgren BR, Roper-Batker A, Hatsukami DK, Fritz VA, Rohwer C, Hecht SS. Harnessing the Power of Cruciferous Vegetables: Developing a Biomarker for Brassica Vegetable Consumption Using Urinary 3,3'-Diindolylmethane. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:788-793. [PMID: 27538743 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucobrassicin in Brassica vegetables gives rise to indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with potent anticancer effects in preclinical models. We previously showed that the urinary metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) could discriminate between volunteers fed high and low doses of Brassica vegetables. However, the quantitative relationship between glucobrassicin exposure and urinary DIM level is unclear. We conducted a clinical trial to examine the hypotheses that a range of glucobrassicin exposure from Brassica vegetables is reflected in urinary DIM and that this effect plateaus. Forty-five subjects consumed vegetables, a mixture of brussels sprouts and/or cabbage, at one of seven discrete dose levels of glucobrassicin ranging from 25 to 500 μmol, once daily for 2 consecutive days. All urine was collected for 24 hours after each vegetable-eating session. Urinary DIM was measured using our published liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (LC/ESI-MS/MS-SRM) method. Urinary DIM excretion increased predictably with increasing glucobrassicin dose and plateaued between 200 and 300 μmol of glucobrassicin. The association between glucobrassicin dose and urinary DIM was strong and positive (R2 = 0.68). The majority of DIM was excreted in the first 12 hours after vegetable consumption. We conclude that urinary DIM is a reliable biomarker of glucobrassicin exposure and I3C uptake and that feeding glucobrassicin beyond 200 μmol did not consistently lead to more urinary DIM, suggesting a plateau in potential chemopreventive benefit. Cancer Prev Res; 9(10); 788-93. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fujioka
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Benjamin W Ransom
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Lindgren
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vincent A Fritz
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, Minnesota
| | - Charles Rohwer
- Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Fujioka N, Fritz V, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F, Hecht SS. Research on cruciferous vegetables, indole-3-carbinol, and cancer prevention: A tribute to Lee W. Wattenberg. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1228-38. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Vincent Fritz
- Southern Research and Outreach Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
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Guo J, Yun BH, Upadhyaya P, Yao L, Krishnamachari S, Rosenquist TA, Grollman AP, Turesky RJ. Multiclass Carcinogenic DNA Adduct Quantification in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4780-7. [PMID: 27043225 PMCID: PMC4854775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA adducts are a measure of internal exposure to genotoxicants and an important biomarker for human risk assessment. However, the employment of DNA adducts as biomarkers in human studies is often restricted because fresh-frozen tissues are not available. In contrast, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with clinical diagnosis are readily accessible. Recently, our laboratory reported that DNA adducts of aristolochic acid, a carcinogenic component of Aristolochia herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines worldwide, can be recovered quantitatively from FFPE tissues. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of our method for retrieval of DNA adducts from archived tissue by measuring DNA adducts derived from four other classes of human carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). Deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 10-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (dG-N(2)-B[a]PDE); the aromatic amine 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-4-ABP); the HAA 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP (dG-C8-PhIP); and the dG adducts of the NOC 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), O(6)-methyl-dG (O(6)-Me-dG) and O(6)-pyridyloxobutyl-dG (O(6)-POB-dG), formed in liver, lung, bladder, pancreas, or colon were recovered in comparable yields from fresh-frozen and FFPE preserved tissues of rodents treated with the procarcinogens. Quantification was achieved by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion-trap multistage mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-IT-MS(3)). These advancements in the technology of DNA adduct retrieval from FFPE tissue clear the way for use of archived pathology samples in molecular epidemiology studies designed to assess the causal role of exposure to hazardous chemicals with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Thomas A. Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Arthur P. Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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Yuan JM, Stepanov I, Murphy SE, Wang R, Allen S, Jensen J, Strayer L, Adams-Haduch J, Upadhyaya P, Le C, Kurzer MS, Nelson HH, Yu MC, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS. Clinical Trial of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as an Inhibitor of Metabolic Activation of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Cigarette Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:396-405. [PMID: 26951845 PMCID: PMC4854759 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product found as a conjugate in watercress and other cruciferous vegetables, is an inhibitor of the metabolic activation and lung carcinogenicity of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in F344 rats and A/J mice. We carried out a clinical trial to determine whether PEITC also inhibits the metabolic activation of NNK in smokers. Cigarette smokers were recruited and asked to smoke cigarettes containing deuterium-labeled [pyridine-D4]NNK for an acclimation period of at least 1 week. Then subjects were randomly assigned to one of two arms: PEITC followed by placebo, or placebo followed by PEITC. During the 1-week treatment period, each subject took PEITC (10 mg in 1 mL of olive oil, 4 times per day). There was a 1-week washout period between the PEITC and placebo periods. The NNK metabolic activation ratio [pyridine-D4]hydroxy acid/total [pyridine-D4]NNAL was measured in urine samples to test the hypothesis that PEITC treatment modified NNK metabolism. Eighty-two smokers completed the study and were included in the analysis. Overall, the NNK metabolic activation ratio was reduced by 7.7% with PEITC treatment (P = 0.023). The results of this trial, while modest in effect size, provide a basis for further investigation of PEITC as an inhibitor of lung carcinogenesis by NNK in smokers. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 396-405. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and BioPhysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon Allen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori Strayer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chap Le
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Heather H Nelson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mimi C Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Upadhyaya P, Shrestha G, Karki S, Agarwal M. Muscular Hamartoma of Intestine Causing Intestinal Obstruction. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2016; 54:82-84. [PMID: 27935929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hamartomatous causes of small bowel obstructionare uncommon and of them, most are attributed to inflammatory bowel diseases and also certain medications such as NSAIDs. We describe a case of muscular hamartoma in a patient without prior chronic medical condition with brief review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Upadhyaya
- Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - G Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Karki
- Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - M Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Yang J, Hecht SS. DNA Adduct Formation from Metabolic 5'-Hydroxylation of the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen N'-Nitrosonornicotine in Human Enzyme Systems and in Rats. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:380-9. [PMID: 26808005 PMCID: PMC4805523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is carcinogenic in multiple animal models and has been evaluated as a human carcinogen. NNN can be metabolized by cytochrome P450s through two activation pathways: 2'-hydroxylation and 5'-hydroxylation. While most previous studies have focused on 2'-hydroxylation in target tissues of rats, available evidence suggests that 5'-hydroxylation is a major activation pathway in human enzyme systems, in nonhuman primates, and in target tissues of some other rodent carcinogenicity models. In the study reported here, we investigated DNA damage resulting from NNN 5'-hydroxylation by quantifying the adduct 2-(2-(3-pyridyl)-N-pyrrolidinyl)-2'-deoxyinosine (py-py-dI). In rats treated with NNN in the drinking water (7-500 ppm), py-py-dI was the major DNA adduct resulting from 5'-hydroxylation of NNN in vivo. Levels of py-py-dI in the lung and nasal cavity were the highest, consistent with the tissue distribution of CYP2A3. In rats treated with (S)-NNN or (R)-NNN, the ratios of formation of (R)-py-py-dI to (S)-py-py-dI were not the expected mirror image, suggesting that there may be a carrier for one of the unstable intermediates formed upon 5'-hydroxylation of NNN. Rat hepatocytes treated with (S)- or (R)-NNN or (2'S)- or (2'R)-5'-acetoxyNNN exhibited a pattern of adduct formation similar to that of live rats. In vitro studies with human liver S9 fraction or human hepatocytes incubated with NNN (2-500 μM) demonstrated that py-py-dI formation was greater than the formation of pyridyloxobutyl-DNA adducts resulting from 2'-hydroxylation of NNN. (S)-NNN formed more total py-py-dI adducts than (R)-NNN in human liver enzyme systems, which is consistent with the critical role of CYP2A6 in the 5'-hydroxylation of NNN in human liver. The results of this study demonstrate that the major DNA adduct resulting from NNN metabolism by human enzymes is py-py-dI and provide potentially important new insights into the metabolic activation of NNN in rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Upadhyaya P, Agarwal CS, Karak AK, Sinha AK, Karki S, Dhakal S, Khadka D. Microvessel density in Prostatic Lesions : Relevance to prognosis. J Pathol Nep 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v6i11.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is required for growth and metastasis of tumor tissue. Quantization of angiogenesis by calculating the microvessel density can be done in histopathology specimens with the help of immunochemistry. In this study we used anti CD 34 antibody to highlight the endothelial cells and thus calculate microvessel density. Most studies have shown a positive correlation of microvessel density with increasing pathological grade and have also shown microvessel density as an independent predictor of cancer progression and survival. The present study was to find out the microvessel density in benign and malignant lesions of prostate and also to correlate the vascularity with increasing grade of cancer.Materials and methods: Sixty five prostatic biopsies were evaluated for microvessel density using CD34 monoclonal antibody. Comparison was done between BPH and Carcinoma Prostate. MVD was correlated with Gleason’s score, weight of specimen and increasing age of patient. Effect of prostatitis on Microvessel density was studied.Results: Microvessel density was significantly higher in carcinoma prostate than in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. There was positive correlation of Microvessel density with increasing Gleason’s score. Microvessel was significantly increased in patients having symptoms for more than a year and also with biopsies revealing prostatitis. However, there was no significant correlation between Microvessel density and weight of specimen or increasing age.Conclusion: Since Microvessel density was found to be significantly higher in Prostatic Carcinoma and it showed positive correlation with Gleason’s score it can be added as one of the indicators for predicting the disease outcome.
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Pokharel S, Upadhyaya P, Karki S, Paudyal P, Pradhan B, Poudel P. Megakaryocytic alterations in thrombocytopenia: A bone marrow aspiration study. J Pathol Nep 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v6i11.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Megakaryocyte morphology plays an important role in thrombopoiesis. A defect in any stage of megakaryocytopoiesis can lead to dysmegakaryocytopoiesis and thrombocytopenia. This study was conducted to understand megakaryocytic alterations and their contribution in the diagnosis of cases of thrombocytopenia.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted on all consecutive cases of bone marrow aspirates of thrombocytopenia over a duration of one year in BPKIHS. Megakaryocyte morphology was studied with a 100X objective. Data were entered into Microsoft excel 10 and analysed with SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive statistics charted and Chi-square tests were done for inferential statistics to find any association at 95% Confidence Interval.Results: Among the 38 subjects, megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (44.7%) was the most common cause of thrombocytopenia. Hypolobated megakaryocytes (63.2%), bare megakaryocytic nuclei (57.9%) were the common morphological changes in megakaryocytes. Odds of increased megakaryocyte count in megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia was found to be 12.5 times than for other causes of thrombocytopenia and the presence of bare megakaryocytic nuclei in MTP was statistically significant. (p –value<0.05)Conclusion: Many similarities were observed in megakaryocytic morphology among different hematological diseases. However, increased megakaryocyte count and presence of bare megakaryocytic nuclei, hypolobated forms were significant in megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
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Yang J, Villalta PW, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. Analysis of O(6)-[4-(3-Pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxyguanosine and Other DNA Adducts in Rats Treated with Enantiomeric or Racemic N'-Nitrosonornicotine. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:87-95. [PMID: 26633576 PMCID: PMC5168933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(S)-N'-Nitrosonornicotine [(S)-NNN] and racemic NNN are powerful oral and esophageal carcinogens in the F344 rat, whereas (R)-NNN has only weak activity. Tumor formation in these tissues of rats treated with racemic NNN was far greater than the sum of the activities of the individual enantiomers. We hypothesized that metabolites of (R)-NNN enhanced levels of DNA adducts produced by (S)-NNN. A test of that hypothesis necessitated the development of a novel liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of O(6)-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]-2'-deoxyguanosine (O(6)-POB-dGuo), a highly mutagenic DNA adduct not previously quantified in rats treated with NNN. The new method, with a limit of detection of 6.5 amol for diluted standard and 100 amol for DNA samples, was applied in this study. Groups of nine F344 rats were treated with doses as follows: 7 ppm (R)-NNN, 7 ppm (S)-NNN, and 14 ppm racemic NNN; 14 ppm (R)-NNN, 14 ppm (S)-NNN, and 28 ppm racemic NNN; or 28 ppm (R)-NNN, 28 ppm (S)-NNN, and 56 ppm racemic NNN for 5 weeks, and tissues were analyzed for DNA adducts. We found statistically significant, but modest, synergistic enhancement of levels of O(6)-POB-dGuo in the esophagus but not the oral cavity of rats treated with racemic NNN (low and median doses only) compared to the sum of the amounts formed in these tissues of rats treated with (S)-NNN or (R)-NNN. There was no synergy in the formation of other POB-DNA adducts of NNN in oral cavity and esophagus, nor was there any evidence for synergy in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium, lung, or liver. Our results provide the first quantitation of O(6)-POB-dGuo in DNA from tissues of rats treated with NNN and evidence for synergy in DNA adduct formation as one possible mechanism by which (R)-NNN enhances the carcinogenicity of (S)-NNN in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Narayanapillai SC, von Weymarn LB, Carmella SG, Leitzman P, Paladino J, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Xing C. Dietary Dihydromethysticin Increases Glucuronidation of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in A/J Mice, Potentially Enhancing Its Detoxification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:422-7. [PMID: 26744252 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective chemopreventive agents are needed against lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Results from our previous work showed that dietary dihydromethysticin (DHM) effectively blocked initiation of lung tumorigenesis by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mice, and it preferentially reduced 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)-derived DNA adducts in lung. This study explored the mechanism(s) responsible for DHM's differential effects on NNK/NNAL-derived DNA damage by quantifying their metabolites in A/J mice. The results showed that dietary DHM had no effect on NNK or NNAL abundance in vivo, indicating that DHM does not affect NNAL formation from NNK. DHM had a minimal effect on cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5, which catalyzes NNK and NNAL bioactivation in A/J mouse lung), suggesting that it does not inhibit NNAL bioactivation. Dietary DHM significantly increased O-glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-O-gluc) in A/J mice. Lung and liver microsomes from dietary DHM-treated mice showed enhanced activities for NNAL O-glucuronidation. These results overall support the notion that dietary DHM treatment increases NNAL detoxification, potentially accounting for its chemopreventive efficacy against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. The ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc and free NNAL may serve as a biomarker to facilitate the clinical evaluation of DHM-based lung cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda B von Weymarn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jordan Paladino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Sudhanshu S, Upadhyaya P, Sahu M, Agarwal V, Bhatia V. Sun exposure, ultraviolet (UV) irradiance and serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD) in pregnant women in rural North India. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2015. [PMCID: PMC4428308 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2015-s1-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ma B, Villalta PW, Zarth AT, Kotandeniya D, Upadhyaya P, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Comprehensive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Analysis of DNA Phosphate Adducts Formed by the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2151-9. [PMID: 26398225 PMCID: PMC4652278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 1) is a potent lung carcinogen in laboratory animals and is believed to play a key role in the development of lung cancer in smokers. Metabolic activation of NNK leads to the formation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts, a critical step in its mechanism of carcinogenesis. In addition to DNA nucleobase adducts, DNA phosphate adducts can be formed by pyridyloxobutylation of the oxygen atoms of the internucleotidic phosphodiester linkages. We report the use of a liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry technique to characterize 30 novel pyridyloxobutyl DNA phosphate adducts in calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) treated with 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNKOAc, 2), a regiochemically activated form of NNK. A (15)N3-labeled internal standard was synthesized for one of the most abundant phosphate adducts, dCp[4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyl]dC (CpopC), and this standard was used to quantify CpopC and to estimate the levels of other adducts in the NNKOAc-treated CT-DNA. Formation of DNA phosphate adducts by NNK in vivo was further investigated in rats treated with NNK acutely (0.1 mmol/kg once daily for 4 days by subcutaneous injection) and chronically (5 ppm in drinking water for 10, 30, 50, and 70 weeks). This study provides the first comprehensive structural identification and quantitation of a panel of DNA phosphate adducts of a structurally complex carcinogen and chemical support for future mechanistic studies of tobacco carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adam T. Zarth
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Delshanee Kotandeniya
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Upadhyaya P, Karki S, Paudyal P, Shrestha G, Shrestha A, Bastakoti S. Primary intraosseous lymphoma at right femur. J Pathol Nep 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i10.15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas, the malignant neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic system, are classified based on characterisitic morphological pattern, immunophenotypic pattern and sometimes distinctive chromosomal aberrations. Most of the intraosseous lymphomas should be metastatic, and primary intraosseous lymphoma is a rare type of lymphoma, which accounts for only about 5% extranodal lymphoma. It accounts for approximately 3% of all primary bone malignancies.We report a case of 54 years lady presented with pain over right thigh since 3 to 4 months which suddenly increased. The clinico-radiological differential diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia, plasmacytoma or metastasis.The histological findings and immunohistochemistry being positive for CD20 and BCL2 negative are those of Lymphoma- Diffuse large B cell type. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the preferred modality of management.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on previous metabolism studies carried out in patas monkeys, we hypothesized that urinary 3'-hydroxynorcotinine could be a specific biomarker for uptake and metabolism of the carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine in people who use tobacco products. METHODS We developed a method for quantitation of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine in human urine. [Pyrrolidinone-(13)C4]3'-hydroxynorcotinine was added to urine as an internal standard, the samples were treated with β-glucuronidase, partially purified by solid supported liquid extraction and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The method was accurate (average accuracy = 102%) and precise (coefficient of variation = 5.6%) in the range of measurement. 3'-Hydroxynorcotinine was detected in 48 urine samples from smokers (mean 393±287 pmol/ml urine) and 12 samples from individuals who had stopped smoking and were using the nicotine patch (mean 658±491 pmol/ml urine), but not in any of 10 samples from nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Since the amounts of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine found in smokers' urine were approximately 50 times greater than the anticipated daily dose of N'-nitrosonornicotine, we concluded that it is a metabolite of nicotine or one of its metabolites, comprising perhaps 1% of nicotine intake in smokers. Therefore, it would not be suitable as a specific biomarker for uptake and metabolism of N'-nitrosonornicotine. Since 3'-hydroxynorcotinine has never been previously reported as a constituent of human urine, further studies are required to determine its source and mode of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Song JM, Qian X, Molla K, Teferi F, Upadhyaya P, O Sullivan G, Luo X, Kassie F. Combinations of indole-3-carbinol and silibinin suppress inflammation-driven mouse lung tumorigenesis by modulating critical cell cycle regulators. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:666-75. [PMID: 25896445 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for lung cancer. Therefore, identification of chemopreventive agents that suppress inflammation-driven lung cancer is indispensable. We studied the efficacy of combinations of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and silibinin (Sil), 20 µmol/g diet each, against mouse lung tumors induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and driven by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent and constituent of tobacco smoke. Mice treated with NNK + LPS developed 14.7±4.1 lung tumors/mouse, whereas mice treated with NNK + LPS and given combinations of I3C and Sil had 7.1±4.5 lung tumors/mouse, corresponding to a significant reduction of 52%. Moreover, the number of largest tumors (>1.0mm) was significantly reduced from 6.3±2.9 lung tumors/mouse in the control group to 1.0±1.3 and 1.6±1.8 lung tumors/mouse in mice given I3C + Sil and I3C alone, respectively. These results were paralleled by significant reductions in the level of proinflammatory and procarcinogenic proteins (pSTAT3, pIκBα and COX-2) and proteins that regulate cell proliferation (pAkt, cyclin D1, CDKs 2, 4, 6 and pRB). Further studies in premalignant bronchial cells showed that the antiproliferative effects of I3C + Sil were higher than the individual compounds and these effects were mediated by targeting cyclin D1, CDKs 2, 4 and 6 and pRB. I3C + Sil suppressed cyclin D1 by reducing its messenger RNA level and by enhancing its proteasomal degradation. Our results showed the potential lung cancer chemopreventive effects of I3C + Sil in smokers/former smokers with chronic pulmonary inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Song
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kalkidan Molla
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fistum Teferi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gerry O Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA and
| | - Xianghua Luo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fekadu Kassie
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA and
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Karki S, Upadhyaya P, Agarwal M, Maharjan KK, Lavaju P. Retinoblastoma: An institutional experience. J Pathol Nep 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i9.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This article aims to describe histopathologic high risk tumor characteristics in our patient population of retinoblastoma. It is based on consensus criteria for definitions of choroidal and optic nerve invasion as outlined in The International RetinoblastomaStaging Working Group (IRSWG) 2009.Materials and Methods: Fifty histopathologically diagnosed cases of retinoblastoma were archived from records of Pathology department during years 2004 to 2014. Re-evaluation of slides to identify choroidal and optic nerve invasion as per IRSWG along with Pathologic tumor staging was done. Data were entered into Microsoft excel sheets and results expressed in percentages. Department of Ophthalmology was consulted for recurrence of Retinoblastoma.Results: Among fifty cases, Choroidal invasion was absent in 62% cases. Minimal invasion (<3mm) was seen in 18% cases, massive (>3mm) in 14% cases and extra ocular involvement in 6% cases. The optic nerve was free of tumor in more than three forth of the cases (78%). Prelaminar and retro laminar involvement of optic nerve was observed in 6% and 10% cases respectively. Intraocular spread of tumor was observed in 6% of cases. The cut margin of optic nerve was involved in 42% while it was free of tumor in 58% of cases. Significant number of tumours were pathologically classified as pT1 (58%) followed by pT2a (22%). pT3a and pT4b were found in 6% each and pT3b and pT4a were found in 4% each. Recurrence was observed in two cases of PT3a and one of pT4b.Conclusion: We conclude identifying low percentages of high risk charateristics in a retrospective histologic experience with Retinoblastoma. Recurrence observed in two tumours staged pT3a sheds light on prognostic significance of reporting massive choroidal invasion despite free cut margin. These observations call for routine practice of standardized histopathologic reporting and processing of enucleated eye samples at our tertiary care centre.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 723-726
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Upadhyaya P, Sinha AK, Agarwal M, Paudyal P, Shrestha A. Incidental Enterobius Vermicularis infestation in surgically removed appendices with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis: A retrospective analysis. J Pathol Nep 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i9.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Appendiceal parasites can cause symptoms of appendicitis. Although the symptomatology imitates acute appendicitis clinically, the true nature of disease is diagnosed through histological examination. The aim of this study is to therefore determine the prevalence of E. Vermicularis in appendicectomy specimens to relate this to acute inflammation histologically.Materials & Methods: Histological data on all appendectomy specimens with a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were retrieved from the archives of department of pathology, B.P.K.I.H.S, over the period of five years (January 2004- December 2008) and was analyzed retrospectively.Results: There were a total of 1528 patients. M:F ratio being 1.2:1.Inflamed appendix constituted for 94.24% of all cases. There were a total of six (0.39%) appendicectomy specimens which showed presence of oxyuriasis appendix. Though all patients with oxyuriasis presented with appendicial colic only one (1) out of the six cases of oxyuriasis showed histologic evidence of inflammation. Conclusion: We conclude that enterobius does not frequently cause inflammation of appendix though it may clinically mimic acute appendicitis. Since it represents a disease curable without necessitating surgery, symptomatology awareness is stressed upon.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2015) Vol. 5, 720-722
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Qian X, Khammanivong A, Song JM, Teferi F, Upadhyaya P, Dickerson E, Kassie F. RNA-sequencing studies identify genes differentially regulated during inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis and targeted by chemopreventive agents. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:343-61. [PMID: 25795230 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pulmonary inflammation has been consistently shown to increase the risk of lung cancer. Therefore, assessing the molecular links between the two diseases and identification of chemopreventive agents that inhibit inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis is indispensable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female A/J mice were treated with the tobacco smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inflammatory agent and constituent of tobacco smoke, and maintained on control diet or diet supplemented with the chemopreventive agents indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and/or silibinin (Sil). At the end of the study, mice were sacrificed and tumors on the surface of the lung were counted and gene expression levels in lung tissues were determined by RNA sequencing. RESULTS The mean number of lung tumors induced by NNK and NNK + LPS was 5 and 15 tumors/mouse, respectively. Dietary supplementation with the combination of I3C and Sil significantly reduced the size and multiplicity (by 50 %) of NNK + LPS-induced lung tumors. Also, we found that 330, 2957, and 1143 genes were differentially regulated in mice treated with NNK, LPS, and NNK + LPS, respectively. The inflammatory response of lung tumors to LPS, as determined by the number of proinflammatory genes with altered gene expression or the level of alteration, was markedly less than that of normal lungs. Among 1143 genes differentially regulated in the NNK + LPS group, the expression of 162 genes and associated signaling pathways was significantly modulated by I3C and/or Sil + I3C. These genes include cytokines, chemokines, putative oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and Ros1, AREG, EREG, Cyp1a1, Arntl, and Npas2. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides insight into genes that are differentially expressed during inflammation-driven lung tumorigenesis and the modulation of these genes by chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Qian
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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