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Ding Y, Hou R, Yu J, Xing C, Zhuang C, Qu Z. Dietary Phytochemicals as Potential Chemopreventive Agents against Tobacco-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771198 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. Cigarette smoking is strongly connected with lung cancer. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone (NNK) are the main carcinogens in cigarette smoking. Evidence has supported the correlation between these two carcinogens and lung cancer. Epidemiology analysis suggests that lung cancer can be effectively prevented through daily diet adjustments. This review aims to summarize the studies published in the past 20 years exploring dietary phytochemicals using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Dietary phytochemicals mainly include medicinal plants, beverages, fruits, vegetables, spices, etc. Moreover, the perspectives on the challenges and future directions of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will be provided. Taken together, treatment based on the consumption of dietary phytochemicals for lung cancer chemoprevention will produce more positive outcomes in the future and offer the possibility of reducing cancer risk in society.
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Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, Guillen-Rodriguez J, Garland LL, Ho E, Padi M, Bageerathan V, Bengtson L, Wojtowicz M, Szabo E, Chow HHS. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092129. [PMID: 35565256 PMCID: PMC9105060 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, rich in the isothiocyanate glucoraphanin, is associated with reduced risk of tobacco-related cancers. Sulforaphane, released by hydrolysis of glucoraphanin, potently induces cytoprotective phase II enzymes. Sulforaphane decreased the incidence of oral cancer in the 4NQO carcinogenesis model. In residents of Qidong, China, broccoli seed and sprout extracts (BSSE) increased detoxification of air pollutants benzene and acrolein, also found in tobacco smoke. This randomized, crossover trial evaluated detoxification of tobacco carcinogens by the BSSE Avmacol® in otherwise healthy smokers. Participants were treated for 2 weeks with both low and higher-dose BSSE (148 µmol vs. 296 µmol of glucoraphanin daily), separated by a 2-week washout, with randomization to low-high vs. high-low sequence. The primary endpoint was detoxification of benzene, measured by urinary excretion of its mercapturic acid, SPMA. Secondary endpoints included bioavailability, detoxification of acrolein and crotonaldehyde, modulation by GST genotype, and toxicity. Forty-nine participants enrolled, including 26 (53%) females with median use of 20 cigarettes/day. Low and higher-dose BSSE showed a mean bioavailability of 11% and 10%, respectively. Higher-dose BSSE significantly upregulated urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of benzene (p = 0.04), acrolein (p < 0.01), and crotonaldehyde (p = 0.02), independent of GST genotype. Retention and compliance were high resulting in early study completion. In conclusion, BSSE significantly upregulated detoxification of the tobacco carcinogens benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde in current tobacco smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, George Washington (GW) University and GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UA and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Sara Centuori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Jose Guillen-Rodriguez
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Linda L. Garland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Megha Padi
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UA, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Vignesh Bageerathan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Lisa Bengtson
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Wojtowicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.B.); (M.W.); (E.S.)
| | - H.-H. Sherry Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona (UA) and UA Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.C.); (L.L.G.); (H.-H.S.C.)
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Carrà A, Guidolin V, Dator RP, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F, Villalta PW, Balbo S. Targeted High Resolution LC/MS 3 Adductomics Method for the Characterization of Endogenous DNA Damage. Front Chem 2019; 7:658. [PMID: 31709223 PMCID: PMC6822301 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA can be damaged through covalent modifications of the nucleobases by endogenous processes. These modifications, commonly referred to as DNA adducts, can persist and may lead to mutations, and ultimately to the initiation of cancer. A screening methodology for the majority of known endogenous DNA adducts would be a powerful tool for investigating the etiology of cancer and for the identification of individuals at high-risk to the detrimental effects of DNA damage. This idea led to the development of a DNA adductomic approach using high resolution data-dependent scanning, an extensive MS2 fragmentation inclusion list of known endogenous adducts, and neutral loss MS3 triggering to profile all DNA modifications. In this method, the detection of endogenous DNA adducts is performed by observation of their corresponding MS3 neutral loss triggered events and their relative quantitation using the corresponding full scan extracted ion chromatograms. The method's inclusion list consists of the majority of known endogenous DNA adducts, compiled, and reported here, as well as adducts specific to tobacco exposure included to compare the performance of the method with previously developed targeted approaches. The sensitivity of the method was maximized by reduction of extraneous background signal through the purification and minimization of the amount of commercially obtained enzymes used for the DNA hydrolysis. In addition, post-hydrolysis sample purification was performed using off-line HPLC fraction collection to eliminate the highly abundant unmodified bases, and to avoid introduction of plasticizers found in solid-phase extraction cartridges. Also, several instrument parameters were evaluated to optimize the ion signal intensities and fragmentation spectra quality. The method was tested on an animal model of lung carcinogenesis where A/J mice were exposed to the tobacco specific lung carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) with its effects enhanced by co-exposure to the pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung DNA were screened for endogenous DNA adducts known to result from oxidative stress and LPS-induced lipid peroxidation, as well as for adducts due to NNK exposure. The relative quantitation of the detected DNA adducts was performed using parallel reaction monitoring MS2 analysis, demonstrating a general workflow for analysis of endogenous DNA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Schaal C, Padmanabhan J, Chellappan S. The Role of nAChR and Calcium Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel). 2015;7:1447-1471. [PMID: 26264026 PMCID: PMC4586778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer shows a strong correlation with smoking and the current therapeutic strategies have been relatively ineffective in improving the survival of patients. Efforts have been made over the past many years to understand the molecular events that drive the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer, especially in the context of smoking. It has become clear that components of tobacco smoke not only initiate these cancers, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) through their mutagenic properties, but can also promote the growth and metastasis of these tumors by stimulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Studies in cell culture systems, animal models and human samples have shown that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation enhances these tumor-promoting events by channeling signaling through multiple pathways. In this context, signaling through calcium channels appear to facilitate pancreatic cancer growth by itself or downstream of nAChRs. This review article highlights the role of nAChR downstream signaling events and calcium signaling in the growth, metastasis as well as drug resistance of pancreatic cancer.
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Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J, Raskov H. Chemoprevention with acetylsalicylic acid, vitamin D and calcium reduces risk of carcinogen-induced lung tumors. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4767-70. [PMID: 24222111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Research has shown that chemoprevention may be effective against the development of lung cancer. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral chemoprevention in a mouse model of tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 A/J mice were randomized to a normal diet, a diet with low calcium, or a chemoprevention diet with acetylsalicylic acid, 1-α 25(0H)2-vitamin D3 and calcium. In addition to the diet, mice received carcinogens by oral gavage for ten weeks. RESULTS The chemoprevention diet significantly reduced the number of animals with tumors [1 vs. 13, (p<0.001)] and the median number (range) of tumors [0 (0-1) vs. 1 (0-4), (p<0.001)] compared to controls. No signs of toxicity in relation to the diets were observed. CONCLUSION The chemoprevention diet had a protective effect against tumor development in the mouse lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Pommergaard
- Herlev Hospital - University of Copenhagen, Department of Surgery, Herlev Ringvej 75 - DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Swenson WG, Wuertz BRK, Ondrey FG. Tobacco carcinogen mediated up-regulation of AP-1 dependent pro-angiogenic cytokines in head and neck carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:668-79. [PMID: 21480395 PMCID: PMC8665823 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco is notably genotoxic and associated with head and neck carcinogenesis. Cigarette carcinogens have the capacity to alter early response gene expression in tobacco-related malignancies via genes such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). A number of early response gene activation events are also facilitated by fos/jun activator protein 1 (AP-1) associated pathways. In the present study, we hypothesize that tobacco products may induce microenvironment alterations, promoting angiogenesis and providing a permissive environment for head and neck cancer progression. In an in vitro analysis, we employed immortalized oral keratinocyte (HOK-16B) and laryngeal squamous carcinoma (UM-SCC-11A) cells to investigate interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). IL-8 and VEGF expression is based on interactions between NFκB, AP-1, and NF-IL6. We identified at least 1.5-fold dose-dependent induction of AP-1, VEGF, and IL-8 promoter/reporter gene activity after 24 h exposure to CSC. Next, we stably transfected UM-SCC-11A cells with A-Fos, a dominant negative AP-1 protein. Treatment with CSC of the A-Fos cell lines compared to empty vector controls significantly down-regulated AP-1, VEGF, and IL-8 promoter/reporter gene expression. We also performed ELISAs and discovered significant up-regulation of IL-8 and VEGF secretion by UMSCC 11A after treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and CSC, which was down-regulated by the A-Fos dominant negative protein. We conclude tobacco carcinogens up-regulate AP-1 activity and AP-1 dependent IL-8 and VEGF gene expression in head and neck cancer. This up-regulation may promote an angiogenic phenotype favoring invasion in both premalignant and squamous cancer cells of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade G Swenson
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
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Abstract
Tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers are metabolites or protein or DNA adducts of specific compounds in tobacco products. Highly reliable analytical methods, based mainly on mass spectrometry, have been developed and applied in large studies of many of these biomarkers. A panel of tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers is suggested here, and typical values for smokers and nonsmokers are summarized. This panel of biomarkers has potential applications in the new and challenging area of tobacco product regulation and in the development of rational approaches to cancer prevention by establishing carcinogen and toxicant uptake and excretion in people exposed to tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Church TR, Anderson KE, Le C, Zhang Y, Kampa DM, Benoit AR, Yoder AR, Carmella SG, Hecht SS. Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers. Biomarkers 2010; 15:345-52. [PMID: 20374068 PMCID: PMC2871960 DOI: 10.3109/13547501003753881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intraindividual variability of measurements of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), nicotine, cotinine, and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT) over time is uncertain. From 70 habitual smokers' plasma and urine sampled bimonthly for a year we analysed plasma for NNAL, cotinine and PheT, and urine for NNAL, cotinine and nicotine. We estimated the intraclass correlation coefficients (rho(I)) for each measurement. Plasma and creatinine-corrected urinary NNAL were stable (rho(I) > or =70%); plasma PheT and plasma and urinary total cotinine were fairly stable (rho(I) > or =50%), but urinary nicotine rho(I) approximately 40% was not. Except for nicotine, single measurements from plasma or urine adequately represent individual mean exposure over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Church
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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