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Liu S, Yin R, Yang Z, Wei F, Hu J. The effects of rhein on D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice: Results from gut microbiome-metabolomics and host transcriptome analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971409. [PMID: 36389730 PMCID: PMC9648667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhubarb is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and rhein is one of its most important active ingredients. Studies have found that rhein can improve ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbes, but there are few reports on its effects on liver diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate these effects and underlying mechanisms. Methods Mice were given rhein (100 mg/kg), with both a normal control group and a model group receiving the same amount of normal saline for one week. Acute liver injury was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (800 mg/kg)/LPS (10 ug/kg). Samples (blood, liver, and stool) were then collected and assessed for histological lesions and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and RNA-seq analysis. Results The levels of ALT and AST in the Model group were abnormal higher compared to the normal control group, and the levels of ALT and AST were significantly relieved in the rhein group. Hepatic HE staining showed that the degree of liver injury in the rhein group was lighter than that in the model group, and microbiological results showed that norank_o:Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnoclostridium, and Roseburia were more abundant in the model group compared to the normal control group. Notably, the rhein treatment group showed reshaped disturbance of intestinal microbial community by D-GalN/LPS and these mice also had higher levels of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidetes. Additionally, There were multiple metabolites that were significantly different between the normal control group and the model group, such as L-α-amino acid, ofloxacin-N-oxide, 1-hydroxy-1,3-diphenylpropan-2-one,and L-4-hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, but that returned to normal levels after rhein treatment. The gene expression level in the model group also changed significantly, various genes such as Cxcl2, S100a9, Tnf, Ereg, and IL-10 were up-regulated, while Mfsd2a and Bhlhe41 were down-regulated, which were recovered after rhein treatment. Conclusion Overall, our results show that rhein alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice. It may help modulate gut microbiota in mice, thereby changing metabolism in the intestine. Meanwhile, rhein also may help regulate genes expression level to alleviate D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Yin
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
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2
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Hintz H, Vanas A, Klose D, Jeschke G, Godt A. Trityl Radicals with a Combination of the Orthogonal Functional Groups Ethyne and Carboxyl: Synthesis without a Statistical Step and EPR Characterization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3304-3320. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hintz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Agathe Vanas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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4
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Tan X, Tao S, Liu W, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA, Zweier JL, Song Y, Liu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of the Perthiatriarylmethyl Radical and Its Dendritic Derivatives with High Sensitivity and Selectivity to Superoxide Radical. Chemistry 2018; 24:6958-6967. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Shanqing Tao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences and; Department of Physics; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budafoki ut 8 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology; College of Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
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5
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Elewa M, Maltar-Strmečki N, Said MM, El Shihawy HA, El-Sadek M, Frank J, Drescher S, Drescher M, Mäder K, Hinderberger D, Imming P. Synthesis and EPR-spectroscopic characterization of the perchlorotriarylmethyl tricarboxylic acid radical (PTMTC) and its 13C labelled analogue (13C-PTMTC). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6688-6697. [PMID: 28210718 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophilic tris(tetrachlorotriaryl)methyl (tetrachloro-TAM) radical labelled 50% with 13C at the central carbon atom was prepared. The mixture of isotopologue radicals was characterised by continuous wave and pulsed X-band electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPS). For the pharmaceutical and medical applications planned, the quantitative influence of oxygen, viscosity, temperature and pH on EPR line widths was studied in aqueous buffer, DMSO, water-methanol and water-glycerol mixtures. Under in vivo conditions, pH can be disregarded. There is a clear oxygen dependence of the width of the 12C isotopologue single EPR line in aqueous solutions while changes in rotational motion (viscosity) are observable only in the doublet lines of the central carbon of the 13C isotopologue. The tetrachloro-TAM proved to be very stable as a solid. Its thermal decay was determined quantitatively by thermal annealing. Towards ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and towards an oocyte cell extract it had a half-life of approx. 60 and 10 min. Thus for in vivo applications, 50% 13C tetrachloro-TAMs are suitable for selective and simultaneous oxygen and macroviscosity measurements in a formulation, e.g. nanocapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elewa
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany. and Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmečki
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Mohamed M Said
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, P.O. 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Juliane Frank
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Tan X, Chen L, Song Y, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA, Zweier JL, Liu Y. Thiol-Dependent Reduction of the Triester and Triamide Derivatives of Finland Trityl Radical Triggers O2-Dependent Superoxide Production. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1664-1672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department
of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center
for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung
Research Institute, The Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department
of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics
and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
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7
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Khramtsov VV, Bobko AA, Tseytlin M, Driesschaert B. Exchange Phenomena in the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of the Nitroxyl and Trityl Radicals: Multifunctional Spectroscopy and Imaging of Local Chemical Microenvironment. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4758-4771. [PMID: 28363027 PMCID: PMC5513151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This Feature overviews the basic principles of using stable organic radicals involved in reversible exchange processes as functional paramagnetic probes. We demonstrate that these probes in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques provide analytical tools for quantitative mapping of critical parameters of local chemical microenvironment. The Feature is written to be understandable to people who are laymen to the EPR field in anticipation of future progress and broad application of these tools in biological systems, especially in vivo, over the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mark Tseytlin
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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8
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Serda M, Wu YK, Barth ED, Halpern HJ, Rawal VH. EPR Imaging Spin Probe Trityl Radical OX063: A Method for Its Isolation from Animal Effluent, Redox Chemistry of Its Quinone Methide Oxidation Product, and in Vivo Application in a Mouse. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2153-2156. [PMID: 27989135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a method for the recovery, purification, and application of OX063, a costly, commercially available nontoxic spin probe widely used for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, as well as its corresponding quinone methide (QM) form. This precious probe can be successfully recovered after use in animal model experiments (25-47% recovery from crude lyophilizate with 98.5% purity), even from samples that are >2 years old. Significantly, the recovered trityl can be reused in further animal model EPR imaging experiments. The work also describes support for the observed formation of an air-sensitive radical derived from the QM under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Eugene D Barth
- The Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago , 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Howard J Halpern
- The Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago , 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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9
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Driesschaert B, Bobko AA, Eubank TD, Samouilov A, Khramtsov VV, Zweier JL. Poly-arginine conjugated triarylmethyl radical as intracellular spin label. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1742-4. [PMID: 26923698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable triarylmethyl radicals are ideal spin labels used for biomedical electron paramagnetic resonance applications. Previously reported structures exhibit polar charged functions for water solubilization preventing them from crossing the cell membrane. We report the synthesis of a triarylmethyl radical conjugated to poly-arginine peptide allowing intracellular delivery of the paramagnetic label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University/Wexner Medical Center, 460 West 12th Avenue, BRT 0390, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University/Wexner Medical Center, 460 West 12th Avenue, BRT 0390, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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