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Gondáš E, Baranovičová E, Bystrický P, Šofranko J, Evinová A, Dohál M, Hatoková Z, Murín R. Both Enantiomers of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Modulate the Metabolism of Cultured Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04188-8. [PMID: 38862727 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) in the brain are associated with various pathological conditions, potentially contributing to neurological symptoms and neurodegeneration. Previous studies on animal models have revealed their capability to interfere with several cellular processes, including mitochondrial metabolism. Both enantiomers competitively inhibit the enzymatic activity of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. These enzymes also execute several signaling cascades and regulate the level of covalent modifications on nucleic acids or proteins, e.g., methylation, hydroxylation, or ubiquitination, with an effect on epigenetic regulation of gene expression, protein stability, and intracellular signaling. To investigate the potential impact of 2HG enantiomers on human neuronal cells, we utilized the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line as a model. We employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy of culture media that provided high-resolution insights into the changes in the content of metabolites. Concurrently, we performed biochemical assays to complement the 1H-NMR findings and to estimate the activities of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. Our results reveal that both 2HG enantiomers can influence the cellular metabolism of human neuroblastoma cells on multiple levels. Specifically, both enantiomers of 2HG comparably stimulate anaerobic metabolism of glucose and inhibit the uptake of several essential amino acids from the culture media. In this respect, both 2HG enantiomers decreased the catabolism capability of cells to incorporate the leucine-derived carbon atoms into their metabolism and to generate the ketone bodies. These results provide evidence that both enantiomers of 2HG have the potential to influence the metabolic and molecular aspects of human cells. Furthermore, we may propose that increased levels of 2HG enantiomers in the brain parenchyma may alter brain metabolism features, potentially contributing to the etiology of neurological symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gondáš
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bystrický
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Šofranko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Evinová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Dohál
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Hatoková
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Murín
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá hora 4D, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
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Vardar Acar N, Özgül RK. A big picture of the mitochondria-mediated signals: From mitochondria to organism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:45-61. [PMID: 37619311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well-known for years as the powerhouse and biosynthetic center of the cell, are dynamic signaling organelles beyond their energy production and biosynthesis functions. The metabolic functions of mitochondria, playing an important role in various biological events both in physiological and stress conditions, transform them into important cellular stress sensors. Mitochondria constantly communicate with the rest of the cell and even from other cells to the organism, transmitting stress signals including oxidative and reductive stress or adaptive signals such as mitohormesis. Mitochondrial signal transduction has a vital function in regulating integrity of human genome, organelles, cells, and ultimately organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Vardar Acar
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Wang R, Xie L, Zhang J, Li J, Xie H, Yang Y, Ren H, Shang Z, Liu C. Characterization of the Metabolites and Construction of a Novel Diagnostic Panel in Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis by Electrospray Ionization – Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) Metabolomics. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linguo Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijie Xie
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haotian Ren
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Peng S, Chen H, Chen L, Yang G, Liu J, Cheng X, Tang Y. Beyond Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations: Emerging Mechanisms for the Accumulation of the Oncometabolite 2-Hydroxyglutarate. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:115-124. [PMID: 35018778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an unconventional oncometabolite of α-ketoglutarate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation is generally acknowledged to be the main cause of 2-HG accumulation. In isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors, 2-HG accumulation inhibits α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases, resulting in epigenetic alterations. Recently, the increase of 2-HG has also been observed in the cases of mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia. In these cases, 2-HG not only inhibits α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases to regulate epigenetics but also affects other cellular pathways, such as regulating hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and glycolysis. These provide a new perspective for the study of 2-HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xueer Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Xiang K, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Oncometabolites and the response to radiotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:197. [PMID: 32799884 PMCID: PMC7429799 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is applied in 45–60% of all cancer patients either alone or in multimodal therapy concepts comprising surgery, RT and chemotherapy. However, despite technical innovations approximately only 50% are cured, highlight a high medical need for innovation in RT practice. RT is a multidisciplinary treatment involving medicine and physics, but has always been successful in integrating emerging novel concepts from cancer and radiation biology for improving therapy outcome. Currently, substantial improvements are expected from integration of precision medicine approaches into RT concepts. Altered metabolism is an important feature of cancer cells and a driving force for malignant progression. Proper metabolic processes are essential to maintain and drive all energy-demanding cellular processes, e.g. repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Consequently, metabolic bottlenecks might allow therapeutic intervention in cancer patients. Increasing evidence now indicates that oncogenic activation of metabolic enzymes, oncogenic activities of mutated metabolic enzymes, or adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment can result in abnormal production of metabolites promoting cancer progression, e.g. 2-hyroxyglutarate (2-HG), succinate and fumarate, respectively. Interestingly, these so-called “oncometabolites” not only modulate cell signaling but also impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and RT, presumably by epigenetic modulation of DNA repair. Here we aimed to introduce the biological basis of oncometabolite production and of their actions on epigenetic regulation of DNA repair. Furthermore, the review will highlight innovative therapeutic opportunities arising from the interaction of oncometabolites with DNA repair regulation for specifically enhancing the therapeutic effects of genotoxic treatments including RT in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstrasse 173, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers in serum by chiral gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application as a biomarker for IDH mutant gliomas. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yu X, Chen L, Tang M, Yang Z, Fu A, Wang Z, Wang H. Revealing the Effects of Curcumin on SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells: A Combined Study from Cellular Viability, Morphology, and Biomechanics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4273-4279. [PMID: 30929442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of curcumin on the viability, morphology, and nanomechanics of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were investigated using a conventional cell viability test kit (CCK-8) and sophisticated AFM imaging and force measurement techniques. CCK-8 tests show that SH-SY5Y neuronal cells have a dose-response to curcumin in terms of viability that is dependent on the exposure durations. When exposed to a maximum dosage of 32 μg/mL used in the present study for 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h, the cell viability dropped to 73.4 ± 4.5%, 9.1 ± 3.2%, and 2.5 ± 1.2% of the control, correspondingly. AFM studies show that curcumin can induce the disappearance of synapses of the cells and the change of biomechanics. After exposure for 24 h at the concentration of 16 μg/mL, the viscous deformation of the cells decreased from 2.15 ± 0.02 to 1.58 ± 0.03 (×10-15 N·m), the elastic deformation increased from 1.26 ± 0.04 to 1.72 ± 0.07 (×10-15 N·m), and adhesion work decreased from 0.56 ± 0.07 to 0.39 ± 0.04 (×10-16 N·m). The morphological and mechanical changes obtained using AFM can be interpreted from optically observed cellular structural changes. The present study provides insights into the effects of curcumin on neuronal cells from both biological and biophysical aspects, which can help more comprehensively understand the interactions between curcumin and SH-SY5Y cells. The demonstrated techniques can be potentially used to assess the efficacy of bioactive constituents on cells or help screen drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology & Center of Applied Physics, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology & Center of Applied Physics, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology & Center of Applied Physics, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Zhongbo Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology & Center of Applied Physics, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
| | - Ailing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Zhanzhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Huabin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of High-Resolution and Three-Dimensional Dynamic Imaging Technology & Center of Applied Physics, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714 , China
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Lu AY, Damisah EC, Winkler EA, Grant RA, Eid T, Bulsara KR. Cerebrospinal fluid untargeted metabolomic profiling of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an exploratory study. Br J Neurosurg 2018; 32:637-641. [PMID: 30585503 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1519107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite advancements in medical and surgical therapies, clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) continue to be poor. Currently, aSAH pathophysiology remains poorly understood. No aSAH biomarkers are commonly used in the clinical setting. This exploratory study used metabolomics profiling to identify global metabolic changes and metabolite predictors of long-term outcome using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of aSAH patients. METHODS AND METHODS Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to CSF samples collected from 15 consecutive high-grade aSAH patients (modified Fisher grade 3 or 4). Collected CSF samples were analyzed at two time points (admission and the anticipated vasospasm timeframe). Metabolite levels at both time points were compared and correlated with vasospasm status and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of patients at 1 year post-aSAH. Significance level was defined as p < 0.05 with false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Of 97 metabolites identified, 16 metabolites, primarily free amino acids, significantly changed between the two time points. These changes were magnified in modified Fisher grade 4 compared with grade 3. Six metabolites (2-hydroxyglutarate, tryptophan, glycine, proline, isoleucine, and alanine) correlated with GOS at 1 year post-aSAH independent of vasospasm status. When predicting patients who had low disability (GOS 5 vs. GOS ≤4), 2-hydroxyglutarate had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.89 and 0.83 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study suggests that specific metabolite changes occur in the brain during the course of aSAH and that quantification of specific CSF metabolites may be used to predict long-term outcome in patients with aSAH. This is the first study to implicate 2-hydroxyglutarate, a known marker of tissue hypoxia, in aSAH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y Lu
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Eyiyemisi C Damisah
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Ethan A Winkler
- a Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Ryan A Grant
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Tore Eid
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,c Department of Laboratory Medicine , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Ketan R Bulsara
- d Division of Neurosurgery , University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
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Chen F, Bian K, Tang Q, Fedeles BI, Singh V, Humulock ZT, Essigmann JM, Li D. Oncometabolites d- and l-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibit the AlkB Family DNA Repair Enzymes under Physiological Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1102-1110. [PMID: 28269980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mutations often lead to perturbed cellular energy metabolism and accumulation of potentially harmful oncometabolites. One example is the chiral molecule 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG); its two stereoisomers (d- and l-2HG) have been found at abnormally high concentrations in tumors featuring anomalous metabolic pathways. 2HG has been demonstrated to competitively inhibit several α-ketoglutarate (αKG)- and non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenases, including some of the AlkB family DNA repair enzymes, such as ALKBH2 and ALKBH3. However, previous studies have only provided the IC50 values of d-2HG on the enzymes, and the results have not been correlated to physiologically relevant concentrations of 2HG and αKG in cancer cells. In this work, we performed detailed kinetic analyses of DNA repair reactions catalyzed by ALKBH2, ALKBH3, and the bacterial AlkB in the presence of d- and l-2HG in both double- and single-stranded DNA contexts. We determined the kinetic parameters of inhibition, including kcat, KM, and Ki. We also correlated the relative concentrations of 2HG and αKG previously measured in tumor cells with the inhibitory effect of 2HG on the AlkB family enzymes. Both d- and l-2HG significantly inhibited the human DNA repair enzymes ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 at pathologically relevant concentrations (73-88% for d-2HG and 31-58% for l-2HG inhibition). This work provides a new perspective that the elevation of the d- or l-2HG concentration in cancer cells may contribute to an increased mutation rate by inhibiting the DNA repair performed by the AlkB family enzymes and thus exacerbate the genesis and progression of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Ke Bian
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Bogdan I Fedeles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vipender Singh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary T Humulock
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - John M Essigmann
- Department of Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Vatrinet R, Leone G, De Luise M, Girolimetti G, Vidone M, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic plasticity. Cancer Metab 2017; 5:3. [PMID: 28184304 PMCID: PMC5289018 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-017-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-established hallmark of cancer. At the hub of various metabolic pathways deeply integrated within mitochondrial functions, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex represents a major modulator of electron transport chain activity and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux, and is a pivotal enzyme in the metabolic reprogramming following a cancer cell’s change in bioenergetic requirements. By contributing to the control of α-ketoglutarate levels, dynamics, and oxidation state, the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is also essential in modulating the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the manifold roles that this TCA enzyme and its substrate play in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vatrinet
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Leone
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica De Luise
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Girolimetti
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Vidone
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche (DIMEC), U.O. Genetica Medica, Pol. Universitario S. Orsola-Malpighi, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Dipartimento Farmacia e Biotecnologie (FABIT), Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Dvořák A, Zelenka J, Smolková K, Vítek L, JeŽek P. Background levels of neomorphic 2-hydroxyglutarate facilitate proliferation of primary fibroblasts. Physiol Res 2016; 66:293-304. [PMID: 27982681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell types or tissues contain certain "physiological" levels of R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), as well as enzymes for its synthesis and degradation. 2HG accumulates in certain tumors, possessing heterozygous point mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 (cytosolic) or IDH2 (mitochondrial) and contributes to strengthening their malignancy by inhibiting 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. By blocking histone de-methylation and 5-methyl-cytosine hydroxylation, 2HG maintains cancer cells de-differentiated and promotes their proliferation. However, physiological 2HG formation and formation by non-mutant IDH1/2 in cancer cells were neglected. Consequently, low levels of 2HG might play certain physiological roles. We aimed to elucidate this issue and found that compared to highest 2HG levels in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and moderate levels in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, rat primary fibroblast contained low basal 2HG levels at early passages. These levels increased at late passage and likewise 2HG/2OG ratios dropped without growth factors and enormously increased at hypoxia, reaching levels compared to cancer HepG2 cells. Responses in SH-SY5Y cells were opposite. Moreover, external 2HG supplementation enhanced fibroblast growth. Hence, we conclude that low 2HG levels facilitate cell proliferation in primary fibroblasts, acting via hypoxia-induced factor regulations and epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dvořák
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Metabolic adaptation to hypoxia is critical for survival in metazoan species for which reason they have developed cellular mechanisms for mitigating its adverse consequences. Here, we have identified L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) as a universal adaptive determinant of the hypoxia response. L2HG is a metabolite of unknown function produced by the reduction of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate by malate dehydrogenase. L2HG accumulates in response to increases in 2-oxoglutarate, which occur as a result of tricarboxylic acid cycle dysfunction and increased mitochondrial reducing potential. These changes are closely coupled to cellular redox homeostasis, as increased cellular L2HG inhibits electron transport and glycolysis to offset the adverse consequences of mitochondrial reductive stress induced by hypoxia. Thus, L2HG couples mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energy metabolism in a model of cellular redox regulation.
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