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Budhraja R, Radenkovic S, Jain A, Muffels IJJ, Ismaili MHA, Kozicz T, Pandey A, Morava E. Liposome-encapsulated mannose-1-phosphate therapy improves global N-glycosylation in different congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108487. [PMID: 38733638 PMCID: PMC11166087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) converts mannose-6-phospahate to mannose-1-phosphate; the substrate for GDP-mannose, a building block of the glycosylation biosynthetic pathway. Pathogenic variants in the PMM2 gene have been shown to be associated with protein hypoglycosylation causing PMM2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG). While mannose supplementation improves glycosylation in vitro, but not in vivo, we hypothesized that liposomal delivery of mannose-1-phosphate could increase the stability and delivery of the activated sugar to enter the targeted compartments of cells. Thus, we studied the effect of liposome-encapsulated mannose-1-P (GLM101) on global protein glycosylation and on the cellular proteome in skin fibroblasts from individuals with PMM2-CDG, as well as in individuals with two N-glycosylation defects early in the pathway, namely ALG2-CDG and ALG11-CDG. We leveraged multiplexed proteomics and N-glycoproteomics in fibroblasts derived from different individuals with various pathogenic variants in PMM2, ALG2 and ALG11 genes. Proteomics data revealed a moderate but significant change in the abundance of some of the proteins in all CDG fibroblasts upon GLM101 treatment. On the other hand, N-glycoproteomics revealed the GLM101 treatment enhanced the expression levels of several high-mannose and complex/hybrid glycopeptides from numerous cellular proteins in individuals with defects in PMM2 and ALG2 genes. Both PMM2-CDG and ALG2-CDG exhibited several-fold increase in glycopeptides bearing Man6 and higher glycans and a decrease in Man5 and smaller glycan moieties, suggesting that GLM101 helps in the formation of mature glycoforms. These changes in protein glycosylation were observed in all individuals irrespective of their genetic variants. ALG11-CDG fibroblasts also showed increase in high mannose glycopeptides upon treatment; however, the improvement was not as dramatic as the other two CDG. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with GLM101 overcomes the genetic block in the glycosylation pathway and can be used as a potential therapy for CDG with enzymatic defects in early steps in protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Silvia Radenkovic
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anu Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Irena J J Muffels
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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2
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Taday R, Grüneberg M, DuChesne I, Reunert J, Marquardt T. Dietary mannose supplementation in phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:258. [PMID: 32962735 PMCID: PMC7510076 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PMM2-CDG (CDG-Ia) is the most frequent N-glycosylation disorder. While supplying mannose to PMM2-deficient fibroblasts corrects the altered N-glycosylation in vitro, short term therapeutic approaches with mannose supplementation in PMM2-CDG patients have been unsuccessful. Mannose found no further mention in the design of a potential therapy for PMM2-CDG in the past years, as it applies to be ineffective. This retrospective study analyzes the first long term mannose supplementation in 20 PMM2-CDG patients. Mannose was given at a total of 1–2 g mannose/kg b.w./d divided into 5 single doses over a mean time of 57,75 ± 25,85 months. Protein glycosylation, blood mannose concentration and clinical presentation were monitored in everyday clinical practice. Results After a mean time period of more than 1 year the majority of patients showed significant improvements in protein glycosylation. Conclusion Dietary mannose supplementation shows biological effects in PMM2-CDG patients improving glycosylation in the majority of patients. A double-blind randomized study is needed to examine the role of mannose in the design of a therapy for children with PMM2-CDG in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Taday
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marianne Grüneberg
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingrid DuChesne
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Grünert SC, Marquardt T, Lausch E, Fuchs H, Thiel C, Sutter M, Schumann A, Hannibal L, Spiekerkoetter U. Unsuccessful intravenous D-mannose treatment in PMM2-CDG. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:231. [PMID: 31640729 PMCID: PMC6805611 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PMM2-CDG (Phosphomannomutase 2 - Congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ia; CDG-Ia) is the most common glycosylation defect, often presenting as a severe multisystem disorder that can be fatal within the first years of life. While mannose treatment has been shown to correct glycosylation in vitro and in vivo in mice, no convincing effects have been observed in short-term treatment trials in single patients so far. Results We report on a boy with a severe PMM2-CDG who received a continuous intravenous mannose infusion over a period of 5 months during the first year of life in a dose of 0.8 g/kg/day. N-glycosylation of serum glycoproteins and mannose concentrations in serum were studied regularly. Unfortunately, no biochemical or clinical improvement was observed, and the therapy was terminated at age 9 months. Conclusion Postnatal intravenous D-mannose treatment seems to be ineffective in PMM2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sutter
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Schumann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Brasil S, Pascoal C, Francisco R, Marques-da-Silva D, Andreotti G, Videira PA, Morava E, Jaeken J, Dos Reis Ferreira V. CDG Therapies: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051304. [PMID: 29702557 PMCID: PMC5983582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of genetic disorders that affect protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. More than 100 different disorders have been reported and the number is rapidly increasing. Since glycosylation is an essential post-translational process, patients present a large range of symptoms and variable phenotypes, from very mild to extremely severe. Only for few CDG, potentially curative therapies are being used, including dietary supplementation (e.g., galactose for PGM1-CDG, fucose for SLC35C1-CDG, Mn2+ for TMEM165-CDG or mannose for MPI-CDG) and organ transplantation (e.g., liver for MPI-CDG and heart for DOLK-CDG). However, for the majority of patients, only symptomatic and preventive treatments are in use. This constitutes a burden for patients, care-givers and ultimately the healthcare system. Innovative diagnostic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models and novel biomarkers have been developed that can lead to novel therapeutic avenues aiming to ameliorate the patients’ symptoms and lives. This review summarizes the advances in therapeutic approaches for CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brasil
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita Francisco
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Paula A Videira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eva Morava
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen (UZ) and Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
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5
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Thiesler CT, Cajic S, Hoffmann D, Thiel C, van Diepen L, Hennig R, Sgodda M, Weiβmann R, Reichl U, Steinemann D, Diekmann U, Huber NMB, Oberbeck A, Cantz T, Kuss AW, Körner C, Schambach A, Rapp E, Buettner FFR. Glycomic Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from a Patient Suffering from Phosphomannomutase 2 Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (PMM2-CDG). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1435-52. [PMID: 26785728 PMCID: PMC4824866 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PMM2-CDG, formerly known as congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ia (CDG-Ia), is caused by mutations in the gene encoding phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2). This disease is the most frequent form of inherited CDG-diseases affecting protein N-glycosylation in human. PMM2-CDG is a multisystemic disease with severe psychomotor and mental retardation. In order to study the pathophysiology of PMM2-CDG in a human cell culture model, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of a PMM2-CDG-patient (PMM2-iPSCs). Expression of pluripotency factors and in vitro differentiation into cell types of the three germ layers was unaffected in the analyzed clone PMM2-iPSC-C3 compared with nondiseased human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), revealing no broader influence of the PMM2 mutation on pluripotency in cell culture. Analysis of gene expression by deep-sequencing did not show obvious differences in the transcriptome between PMM2-iPSC-C3 and nondiseased hPSCs. By multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) we could show that PMM2-iPSC-C3 exhibit the common hPSC N-glycosylation pattern with high-mannose-type N-glycans as the predominant species. However, phosphomannomutase activity of PMM2-iPSC-C3 was 27% compared with control hPSCs and lectin staining revealed an overall reduced protein glycosylation. In addition, quantitative assessment of N-glycosylation by xCGE-LIF showed an up to 40% reduction of high-mannose-type N-glycans in PMM2-iPSC-C3, which was in concordance to the observed reduction of the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 lipid-linked oligosaccharide compared with control hPSCs. Thus we could model the PMM2-CDG disease phenotype of hypoglycosylation with patient derived iPSCs in vitro. Knock-down of PMM2 by shRNA in PMM2-iPSC-C3 led to a residual activity of 5% and to a further reduction of the level of N-glycosylation. Taken together we have developed human stem cell-based cell culture models with stepwise reduced levels of N-glycosylation now enabling to study the role of N-glycosylation during early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T Thiesler
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; §Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; ‖Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- **Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Kinderheilkunde I, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura van Diepen
- ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; §§glyXera GmbH, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Malte Sgodda
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; ¶¶Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Weiβmann
- ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Udo Reichl
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; ‖‖Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulf Diekmann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas M B Huber
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; §Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Oberbeck
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; §Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; ¶¶Translational Hepatology and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Körner
- **Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Kinderheilkunde I, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; ‖Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; §§glyXera GmbH, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- From the ‡REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; §Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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6
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Therapies and therapeutic approaches in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:77-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Successful prenatal mannose treatment for congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ia in mice. Nat Med 2011; 18:71-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Pucić M, Knezević A, Vidic J, Adamczyk B, Novokmet M, Polasek O, Gornik O, Supraha-Goreta S, Wormald MR, Redzić I, Campbell H, Wright A, Hastie ND, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Wuhrer M, Rudd PM, Josić D, Lauc G. High throughput isolation and glycosylation analysis of IgG-variability and heritability of the IgG glycome in three isolated human populations. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.010090. [PMID: 21653738 PMCID: PMC3205872 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All immunoglobulin G molecules carry N-glycans, which modulate their biological activity. Changes in N-glycosylation of IgG associate with various diseases and affect the activity of therapeutic antibodies and intravenous immunoglobulins. We have developed a novel 96-well protein G monolithic plate and used it to rapidly isolate IgG from plasma of 2298 individuals from three isolated human populations. N-glycans were released by PNGase F, labeled with 2-aminobenzamide and analyzed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with fluorescence detection. The majority of the structural features of the IgG glycome were consistent with previous studies, but sialylation was somewhat higher than reported previously. Sialylation was particularly prominent in core fucosylated glycans containing two galactose residues and bisecting GlcNAc where median sialylation level was nearly 80%. Very high variability between individuals was observed, approximately three times higher than in the total plasma glycome. For example, neutral IgG glycans without core fucose varied between 1.3 and 19%, a difference that significantly affects the effector functions of natural antibodies, predisposing or protecting individuals from particular diseases. Heritability of IgG glycans was generally between 30 and 50%. The individual's age was associated with a significant decrease in galactose and increase of bisecting GlcNAc, whereas other functional elements of IgG glycosylation did not change much with age. Gender was not an important predictor for any IgG glycan. An important observation is that competition between glycosyltransferases, which occurs in vitro, did not appear to be relevant in vivo, indicating that the final glycan structures are not a simple result of competing enzymatic activities, but a carefully regulated outcome designed to meet the prevailing physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Pucić
- Genos Ltd., Glycobiology Division, Planinska 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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Freeze HH. Towards a therapy for phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, the defect in CDG-Ia patients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1792:835-40. [PMID: 19339218 PMCID: PMC2783247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM2, Mannose-6-P--> Mannose-1-P) deficiency is the most frequent glycosylation disorder affecting the N-glycosylation pathway. There is no therapy for the hundreds of patients who suffer from this disorder. This review describes previous attempts at therapeutic interventions and introduces perspectives emerging from the drawing boards. Two approaches aim to increase Mannose-1-P: small membrane permeable molecules that increase the availability or/and metabolic flux of precursors into the impaired glycosylation pathway; and, phosphomannomutase enhancement and/or replacement therapy. Glycosylation-deficient cell and animal models are needed to determine which individual or combined approaches improve glycosylation and may be suitable for preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Grünewald S. The clinical spectrum of phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (CDG-Ia). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:827-34. [PMID: 19272306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from abnormal glycosylation of various glycoconjugates. The first description of congenital disorders of glycosylation was published in the early 80s and once screening tests for glycosylation disorders (CDGs) became readily available, CDG-Ia became the most frequently diagnosed CDG subtype. CDG-Ia is pan-ethnic and the spectrum of the clinical manifestations is still evolving: it spans from severe hydrops fetalis and fetal loss to a (nearly) normal phenotype. However, the most common presentation in infancy is of a multisystem disorder with central nervous system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grünewald
- Metabolic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust with the UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 3JH, UK.
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11
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Knežević A, Polašek O, Gornik O, Rudan I, Campbell H, Hayward C, Wright A, Kolčić I, O’Donoghue N, Bones J, Rudd PM, Lauc G. Variability, Heritability and Environmental Determinants of Human Plasma N-Glycome. J Proteome Res 2008; 8:694-701. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800737u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Knežević
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Olga Gornik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Igor Rudan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Harry Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Alan Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Niaobh O’Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia, Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, and Institute for Clinical Medical Research, University Hospital “Sestre Milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom, MRC Human Genetics
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12
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Kochanowski N, Blanchard F, Cacan R, Chirat F, Guedon E, Marc A, Goergen JL. Influence of intracellular nucleotide and nucleotide sugar contents on recombinant interferon-gamma glycosylation during batch and fed-batch cultures of CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 100:721-33. [PMID: 18496872 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both the macroheterogeneity of recombinant human IFN-gamma produced by CHO cells and intracellular levels of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides, have been characterized during batch and fed-batch cultures carried out in different media. Whereas PF-BDM medium was capable to maintain a high percentage of the doubly- glycosylated glycoforms all over the process, mono-glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms increased during the batch culture using SF-RPMI medium. Intracellular level of UTP was higher in PF-BDM all over the batch culture compared to the SF-RPMI process. UDP-Gal accumulated only during the culture performed in PF-BDM medium, probably as a consequence of the reduced UDP-Glc synthesis flux in SF-RPMI medium. When the recombinant CHO cells were cultivated in fed-batch mode, the UTP level remained at a relatively high value in serum-containing RPMI and its titer increased during the fed-phase indicating an excess of biosynthesis. Besides, an accumulation of UDP-Gal occurred as well. Those results all together indicate that UTP and UDP-Glc syntheses in CHO cells cultivated in SF-RPMI medium in batch process, could be limiting during the glycosylation processes of the recombinant IFN-gamma. At last, the determination of the energetic status of the cells over the three studied processes suggested that a relationship between the adenylate energy charge and the glycosylation macroheterogeneity of the recombinant IFN-gamma may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kochanowski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique, UPR CNRS 6811, ENSAIA-INPL-2, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54 505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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13
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Hellbusch CC, Sperandio M, Frommhold D, Yakubenia S, Wild MK, Popovici D, Vestweber D, Gröne HJ, von Figura K, Lübke T, Körner C. Golgi GDP-fucose Transporter-deficient Mice Mimic Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation IIc/Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency II. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10762-72. [PMID: 17276979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700314200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of glycoproteins by the attachment of fucose residues is widely distributed in nature. The importance of fucosylation has recently been underlined by identification of the monogenetic inherited human disease "congenital disorder of glycosylation IIc," also termed "leukocyte adhesion deficiency II." Due to defective Golgi GDP-fucose transporter (SLC35C1) activity, patients show a hypofucosylation of glycoproteins and present clinically with mental and growth retardation, persistent leukocytosis, and severe infections. To investigate effects induced by the loss of fucosylated structures in different organs, we generated a mouse model for the disease by inactivating the Golgi GDP-transporter gene (Slc35c1). Lectin binding studies revealed a tremendous reduction of fucosylated glycoconjugates in tissues and isolated cells from Slc35c1(-/-) mice. Fucose treatment of cells from different organs led to partial normalization of the fucosylation state of glycoproteins, thereby indicating an alternative GDP-fucose transport mechanism. Slc35c1-deficient mice presented with severe growth retardation, elevated postnatal mortality rate, dilatation of lung alveoles, and hypocellular lymph nodes. In vitro and in vivo leukocyte adhesion and rolling assays revealed a severe impairment of P-, E-, and L-selectin ligand function. The diversity of these phenotypic aspects demonstrates the broad general impact of fucosylation in the mammalian organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Hellbusch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Section of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Thiel C, Lübke T, Matthijs G, von Figura K, Körner C. Targeted disruption of the mouse phosphomannomutase 2 gene causes early embryonic lethality. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:5615-20. [PMID: 16847317 PMCID: PMC1592760 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02391-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cytosolic enzyme phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2), which catalyzes the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, cause the most common form of congenital disorders of glycosylation, termed CDG-Ia. It is an inherited multisystemic disease with severe neurological impairment. To study the pathophysiology of CDG-Ia and to investigate possible therapeutic approaches, we generated a mouse model for CDG-Ia by targeted disruption of the Pmm2 gene. Heterozygous mutant mice appeared normal in development, gross anatomy, and fertility. In contrast, embryos homozygous for the Pmm2-null allele were recovered in embryonic development at days 2.5 to 3.5. These results indicate that Pmm2 is essential for early development of mice. Mating experiments of heterozygous mice with wild-type mice could further show that transmission of the female Pmm2-null allele is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thiel
- Universitaetskinderklinik Heidelberg, Abteilung I, Friedrich Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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16
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Lavieu G, Frénoy JP, Codogno P, Botti J. Defect of N-glycosylation is not directly related to congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia fibroblast sensitivity to staurosporine-induced cell death. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:254-7. [PMID: 16085795 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000169962.02462.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia (CDGIa) is an autosomal recessive disease that is caused by mutations in the gene PMM2 encoding phosphomannomutase, an enzyme that synthesizes mannose-1-phosphate, an important intermediate for the N-glycan biosynthesis. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of CDGIa fibroblasts to cell death induction. CDGIa fibroblasts were more sensitive than control fibroblasts to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Supplementation with mannose, which corrects N-glycosylation in CDGIa fibroblasts, did not abrogate their higher sensitivity to staurosporine. These results show that the sensitivity of CDGIa fibroblasts to apoptosis is not directly related to their defective N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Lavieu
- INSERM Unité 504, Bâtiment INSERM, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
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17
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Gao N, Shang J, Lehrman MA. Analysis of glycosylation in CDG-Ia fibroblasts by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis: implications for extracellular glucose and intracellular mannose 6-phosphate. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:17901-9. [PMID: 15708848 PMCID: PMC1282451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500510200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM) deficiency causes congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG)-Ia, a broad spectrum disorder with developmental and neurological abnormalities. PMM converts mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) to mannose-1-phosphate, a precursor of GDP-mannose used to make Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-dolichol (lipid-linked oligosaccharide; LLO). LLO, in turn, is the donor substrate of oligosaccharyltransferase for protein N-linked glycosylation. Hepatically produced N-linked glycoproteins in CDG-Ia blood are hypoglycosylated. Upon labeling with [(3)H]mannose, CDG-Ia fibroblasts have been widely reported to accumulate [(3)H]LLO intermediates. Since these are thought to be poor oligosaccharyltransferase substrates, LLO intermediate accumulation has been the prevailing explanation for hypoglycosylation in patients. However, this is discordant with sporadic reports of specific glycoproteins (detected with antibodies) from CDG-Ia fibroblasts being fully glycosylated. Here, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE, a nonradioactive technique) was used to analyze steady-state LLO compositions in CDG-Ia fibroblasts. FACE revealed that low glucose conditions accounted for previous observations of accumulated [(3)H]LLO intermediates. Additional FACE experiments demonstrated abundant Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-dolichol, without hypoglycosylation, CDG-Ia fibroblasts grown with physiological glucose. This suggested a "missing link" to explain hypoglycosylation in CDG-Ia patients. Because of the possibility of its accumulation, the effects of M6P on glycosylation were explored in vitro. Surprisingly, M6P was a specific activator for cleavage of Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-dolichol. This led to futile cycling the LLO pathway, exacerbated by GDP-mannose/PMM deficiency. The possibilities that M6P may accumulate in hepatocytes and that M6P-stimulated LLO cleavage may account for both hypoglycosylation and the clinical failure of dietary mannose therapy with CDG-Ia patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A. Lehrman
- ‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pharmacology, UT-Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9041. Tel.: 214-645-6172; Fax: 214-645-6131; E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
The biguanide drug metformin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase, a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism, and has antihyperglycemic activity due to attenuation of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes and 2-fold stimulation of glucose transport by skeletal muscle. Here we identify a metformin-stimulated d-mannose transport (MSMT) activity in dermal fibroblasts. MSMT increased mannose uptake 1.8-fold and had greater affinity for mannose than basal mannose transport activity. It was attributed to robust stimulation of a transporter expressed weakly in untreated cells. MSMT was not explained by greater glucose transporter activity because metformin unexpectedly decreased transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and 3-O-methyl-d-glucose by fibroblasts. Effective inhibitors of MSMT retained specificity for the 3-, 4-, and 6-OH groups of the mannose ring but not the 2-OH group. Thus, MSMT could be strongly inhibited by glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose even though the latter was not a good transport substrate. MSMT was significant because in the presence of 2.5 microm mannose, metformin corrected experimentally induced deficiencies in the synthesis of glucose(3)mannose(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-dolichol and N-linked glycosylation. MSMT was also identified in congenital disorder of glycosylation types Ia and Ib fibroblasts, and metformin acted synergistically with 100 microm mannose to correct lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis and N-glycosylation in the Ia cells. In conclusion, metformin activates a novel fibroblast mannose-selective transport system. This suggests that AMP-activated protein kinase may be a regulator of mannose metabolism and implies a therapy for congenital disorders of glycosylation-Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041, USA
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Vilaseca MA, Artuch R, Briones P. Defectos congénitos de la glucosilación: últimos avances y experiencia española. Med Clin (Barc) 2004; 122:707-16. [PMID: 15171833 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(04)74362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited disorders caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of the linked glycans of glycoproteins and other molecules. The first patients with CDG were described in 1980. Fifteen years later, phosphomannomutase was found to be the basis of the most frequent type: CDG-Ia. Over the last years, several novel types have been identified related to the N-glycosylation pathway, affecting enzymes or transporters of the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi compartment. CDGs are multisystemic disorders, mainly affecting the central nervous system. Yet CDG-Ib and Ih are mainly hepato-intestinal diseases. Recently, several defects involving the O-glycosylation pathways have been described, indicating that some congenital muscular dystrophies and neuronal migration disorders are caused by congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Antonia Vilaseca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Marquardt T, Denecke J. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: review of their molecular bases, clinical presentations and specific therapies. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162:359-79. [PMID: 12756558 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-002-1136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2002] [Revised: 11/06/2002] [Accepted: 11/07/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG, formerly named carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes) are a rapidly growing family of inherited disorders affecting the assembly or processing of glycans on glycoconjugates. The clinical spectrum of the different types of CDG discovered so far is variable, ranging from severe multisystemic disorders to disorders restricted to specific organs. This review deals with clinical, diagnostic, and biochemical aspects of all characterized CDGs, including a disorder affecting the N-glycosylation of erythrocytes, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA II/HEMPAS), and the first disorders affecting O-glycosylation. Since the clinical spectrum of symptoms in CDG is variable and may be unspecific, a generous selective screening for the presence of CDG is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marquardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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21
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Martin-Rendon E, Blake DJ. Protein glycosylation in disease: new insights into the congenital muscular dystrophies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24:178-83. [PMID: 12707004 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-6147(03)00050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most frequent modification of proteins and is important for many ligand-receptor interactions. Recently, defects in protein glycosylation have been linked to several forms of congenital muscular dystrophy that are frequently associated with brain abnormalities. Muscle-eye-brain disease and Walker-Warburg syndrome are caused by mutations in enzymes involved in O-mannosylation, whereas Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C are caused by mutations in genes that encode putative glycosyltransferases. The common factor in these disorders is defective processing and maturation of a protein called alpha-dystroglycan. This is thought to disrupt the link between alpha-dystroglycan and components of the extracellular matrix, and result in muscle disease and, in many cases, a neuronal-migration disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enca Martin-Rendon
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Blood Service, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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22
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Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a rapidly growing group of inherited disorders caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of the asparagine(ASN)-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. The first CDG patients were described in 1980. Fifteen years later, a phosphomannomutase deficiency was found as the basis of the most frequent type, CDG-Ia. In recent years several novel types have been identified. The N-glycosylation pathway is highly conserved from yeast to human, and the rapid progress in this field can largely be attributed to the systematic application of the knowledge of yeast mutants. Up to now, eight diseases have been characterized, resulting from enzyme or transport defects in the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, or Golgi compartment. CDGs affect all organs and particularly the CNS, except for CDG-Ib, which is mainly a hepatic-intestinal disease.
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23
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Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing group of genetic diseases that are due to defects in the synthesis of glycans and in the attachment of glycans to other compounds. Most CDG are multisystem diseases that include severe brain involvement. The CDG causing sialic acid deficiency of N-glycans can be diagnosed by isoelectrofocusing of serum sialotransferrins. An efficient treatment, namely oral D-mannose, is available for only one CDG (CDG-Ib). In many patients with CDG, the basic defect is unknown (CDG-x). Glycan structural analysis, yeast genetics, and knockout animal models are essential tools in the elucidation of novel CDG. Eleven primary genetic glycosylation diseases have been discovered and their basic defects identified: six in the N-glycan assembly, three in the N-glycan processing, and two in the O-glycan (glycosaminoglycan) assembly. This review summarizes their clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics and speculates on further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaeken
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Metabolic Disease, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Westphal V, Peterson S, Patterson M, Tournay A, Blumenthal A, Treacy EP, Freeze HH. Functional significance of PMM2 mutations in mildly affected patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation Ia. Genet Med 2001; 3:393-8. [PMID: 11715002 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) result from mutations in N-glycan biosynthesis. Mutations in phosphomannomutase (PMM2) cause CDG-Ia. Here, we report four clinically mild patients and their mutations in PMM2. METHODS Analysis of the PMM2 cDNA and gene revealed the mutations affecting the glycosylation efficiency. RESULTS The patients have 30% to 50% normal PMM activity in fibroblasts due to different mutations in PMM2, and we studied the effect of each mutation on the PMM activity in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. CONCLUSIONS Each patient carried a severe mutation that decreased the PMM activity to less than 10% as well as a relatively mild mutation. A new mutation, deletion of base 24, changed the reading frame. The C9Y, C241S, and L32R mutations showed 27% to 45% activity when expressed in the eukaryotic expression system, and the more severe D148N was shown to be thermolabile.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Westphal
- The Burnham Institute, Glycobiology Program, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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25
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Paulsen FP, Tschernig T, Debertin AS, Kleemann WJ, Pabst R, Tillmann BN. Similarities and differences in lectin cytochemistry of laryngeal and tracheal epithelium and subepithelial seromucous glands in cases of sudden infant death and controls. Thorax 2001; 56:223-7. [PMID: 11182016 PMCID: PMC1758781 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.56.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been speculated that non-specific defence mechanisms of the epithelium and subepithelial seromucous glands play a role in the larynx and lungs in cases of sudden infant death. METHODS The larynx and trachea from five children who had died of sudden infant death (SID) syndrome and five control cases of comparable age were compared for the presence of lectin binding sites (12 different lectins tested). RESULTS The secretory product of mucin producing cells contained carbohydrates including galactose and sialic acids. Binding sites for fucose and N-acetyl-galactosamine were only present in some of the specimens and distribution revealed no correlation between cases of SID and controls. Epithelial cells and serous cells of seromucous glands contained binding sites for sialic acid in cases of SID and controls. Moreover, binding sites for mannose were detected in these cells but were only present in SID cases. The difference between the SID and control groups as to the presence/expression of concanavalin A was highly significant. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that mucus hypersecretion in SID occurs in response to bacterial toxins or viral infection and is not specific. The different binding sites for mannose in cases of SID and controls could indicate differences in the production of antimicrobial peptides. A disturbed expression pattern of antimicrobial peptides in children who later succumb to SID could be responsible for an imbalance of the local microflora with a higher density of microorganisms on the mucosa. Further studies are required to elucidate the pattern of expression of antimicrobial peptides in subsequent SID victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Paulsen
- Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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26
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Marquardt T, Freeze H. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: glycosylation defects in man and biological models for their study. Biol Chem 2001; 382:161-77. [PMID: 11308015 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several inherited disorders affecting the biosynthetic pathways of N-glycans have been discovered during the past years. This review summarizes the current knowledge in this rapidly expanding field and covers the molecular bases of these disorders as well as their phenotypical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marquardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderheilkunde, Universität Münster, Germany
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27
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Rush JS, Panneerselvam K, Waechter CJ, Freeze HH. Mannose supplementation corrects GDP-mannose deficiency in cultured fibroblasts from some patients with Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Glycobiology 2000; 10:829-35. [PMID: 10929009 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/10.8.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are human deficiencies in glycoprotein biosynthesis. Previous studies showed that 1 mM mannose corrects defective protein N-glycosylation in cultured fibroblasts from some CDG patients. We hypothesized that these CDG cells have limited GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) and that exogenous mannose increases the GDP-Man levels. Using a well established method to measure GDP-Man, we found that normal fibroblasts had an average of 23.5 pmol GDP-Man/10(6) cells, whereas phosphomannomutase (PMM)-deficient fibroblasts had only 2.3-2.7 pmol/10(6) cells. Adding 1 mM mannose to the culture medium increased the GDP-Man level in PMM-deficient cells to approximately 15.5 pmol/10(6) cells, but had no significant effect on GDP-Man levels in normal fibroblasts. Similarly, mannose supplementation increased GDP-Man from 4.6 pmol/10(6) cells to 24.6 pmol/10(6) cells in phosphomannose isomerase (PMI)-deficient fibroblasts. Based on the specific activity of the GDP-[(3)H]Man pool present in [2-(3)H]mannose labeled cells, mannose supplementation also partially corrected the impaired synthesis of mannosylphosphoryldolichol (Man-P-Dol) and Glc(0)(-)(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-P-P-Dol. These results confirm directly that deficiencies in PMM and PMI result in lowered cellular GDP-Man levels that are corrected by the addition of mannose. In contrast to these results, GDP-Man levels in fibroblasts from a CDG-Ie patient, who is deficient in Man-P-Dol synthase, were normal and unaffected by mannose supplementation even though mannose addition was found to correct abnormal lipid intermediate synthesis in another study (Kim et al. [2000] J. Clin. Invest., 105, 191-198). The mechanism by which mannose supplementation corrects abnormal protein N-glycosylation in Man-P-Dol synthase deficient cells is unknown, but this observation suggests that the regulation of Man-P-Dol synthesis and utilization may be more complex than is currently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Rush
- Department of Biochemistry, A.B.Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Imbach T, Schenk B, Schollen E, Burda P, Stutz A, Grunewald S, Bailie NM, King MD, Jaeken J, Matthijs G, Berger EG, Aebi M, Hennet T. Deficiency of dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase-1 causes congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ie. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:233-9. [PMID: 10642602 PMCID: PMC377434 DOI: 10.1172/jci8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), formerly known as carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndromes, lead to diseases with variable clinical pictures. We report the delineation of a novel type of CDG identified in 2 children presenting with severe developmental delay, seizures, and dysmorphic features. We detected hypoglycosylation on serum transferrin and cerebrospinal fluid beta-trace protein. Lipid-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum of patient fibroblasts showed an accumulation of the dolichyl pyrophosphate Man(5)GlcNAc(2) structure, compatible with the reduced dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase (DolP-Man synthase) activity detected in these patients. Accordingly, 2 mutant alleles of the DolP-Man synthase DPM1 gene, 1 with a 274C>G transversion, the other with a 628delC deletion, were detected in both siblings. Complementation analysis using DPM1-null murine Thy1-deficient cells confirmed the detrimental effect of both mutations on the enzymatic activity. Furthermore, mannose supplementation failed to improve the glycosylation status of DPM1-deficient fibroblast cells, thus precluding a possible therapeutic application of mannose in the patients. Because DPM1 deficiency, like other subtypes of CDG-I, impairs the assembly of N-glycans, this novel glycosylation defect was named CDG-Ie.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Imbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Doerrler WT, Lehrman MA. Regulation of the dolichol pathway in human fibroblasts by the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:13050-5. [PMID: 10557271 PMCID: PMC23898 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which activates transcription of several genes encoding ER chaperones and folding enzymes. This study reports that conversion of dolichol-linked Man(2-5)GlcNAc(2) intermediates into mature Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharides in primary human adult dermal fibroblasts is also stimulated by the UPR. This stimulation was not evident in several immortal cell lines and did not require a cytoplasmic stress response. Inhibition of dolichol-linked Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) synthesis by glucose deprivation could be counteracted by the UPR, improving the transfer of Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) to asparagine residues on nascent polypeptides. Glycosidic processing of asparagine-linked Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in the ER leads to the production of monoglucosylated oligosaccharides that promote interaction with the lectin chaperones calreticulin and calnexin. Thus, control of the dolichol-linked Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) supply gives the UPR the potential to maintain efficient protein folding in the ER without new synthesis of chaperones or folding enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Doerrler
- Cell Regulation Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9041, USA
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Carchon H, Van Schaftingen E, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IA (phosphomannomutase-deficiency). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1455:155-65. [PMID: 10571009 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein or CDG syndromes (OMIM 212065) are a recently delineated group of genetic, multisystem diseases with variable dysmorphic features. The known CDG syndromes are characterized by a partial deficiency of the N-linked glycans of secretory glycoproteins, lysosomal enzymes, and probably also membranous glycoproteins. Due to the deficiency of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid, the glycan changes can be observed in serum transferrin or other glycoproteins using isoelectrofocusing with immunofixation as the most widely used diagnostic technique. Most patients show a serum sialotransferrin pattern characterized by increased di- and asialotransferrin bands (type I pattern). The majority of patients with type I are phosphomannomutase deficient (type IA), while in a few other patients, deficiencies of phosphomannose isomerase (type IB) or endoplasmic reticulum glucosyltransferase (type IC) have been demonstrated. This review is an update on CDG syndrome type IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Carchon
- Center for Metabolic Disease, O&N, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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