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Lo TC, Cheng JY, Lee CW, Hung JT, Lin CC, Yeh HF, Yang BC, Huang Y, Wu HM, Yu AL, Yu J. Priming of macrophage by glycosphingolipids from extracellular vesicles facilitates immune tolerance for embryo-maternal crosstalk. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2447-2459.e5. [PMID: 37989081 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) display diverse functions during embryonic development. Here, we examined the GSL profiles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and investigated their functions in priming macrophages to enhance immune tolerance of embryo implantation. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with ESC-secreted EVs, globo-series GSLs (GHCer, SSEA3Cer, and SSEA4Cer) were transferred via EVs into monocytes/macrophages. Incubation of monocytes during their differentiation into macrophages with either EVs or synthetic globo-series GSLs induced macrophages to exhibit phenotypic features that imitate immune receptivity, i.e., macrophage polarization, augmented phagocytic activity, suppression of T cell proliferation, and the increased trophoblast invasion. It was also demonstrated that decidual macrophages in first-trimester tissues expressed globo-series GSLs. These findings highlight the role of globo-series GSLs via transfer from EVs in priming macrophages to display decidual macrophage phenotypes, which may facilitate healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Lo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fong Yeh
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Chia Yang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ming Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Wang SH, Cheng JY, Tsai HH, Lo TC, Hung JT, Lin CC, Lee CW, Ho YH, Kuo HH, Yu AL, Yu J. Conformational alteration in glycan induces phospholipase Cβ1 activation and angiogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:105. [PMID: 36517806 PMCID: PMC9753400 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In endothelial cells, phospholipase C (PLC) β1-activated Ca2+ is a crucial second messenger for the signaling pathways governing angiogenesis. PLCβ1 is inactivated by complexing with an intracellular protein called translin-associated factor X (TRAX). This study demonstrates specific interactions between Globo H ceramide (GHCer) and TRAX, which highlight a new angiogenic control through PLCβ1 activation. METHODS Globo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs), including GHCer and stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 ceramide (SSEA3Cer), were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Biacore for their binding with TRAX. Angiogenic activities of GSLs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to study conformations of GSLs and their molecular interactions with TRAX. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis of HUVECs by confocal microscopy was used to validate the release of PLCβ1 from TRAX. Furthermore, the in vivo angiogenic activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing GHCer was confirmed using subcutaneous Matrigel plug assay in mice. RESULTS The results of ELISA and Biacore analysis showed a stable complex between recombinant TRAX and synthetic GHCer with KD of 40.9 nM. In contrast, SSEA3Cer lacking a fucose residue of GHCer at the terminal showed ~ 1000-fold decrease in the binding affinity. These results were consistent with their angiogenic activities in HUVECs. The MD simulation indicated that TRAX interacted with the glycan moiety of GHCer at amino acid Q223, Q219, L142, S141, and E216. At equilibrium the stable complex maintained 4.6 ± 1.3 H-bonds. TRAX containing double mutations with Q223A and Q219A lost its ability to interact with GHCer in both MD simulation and Biacore assays. Removal of the terminal fucose from GHCer to become SSEA3Cer resulted in decreased H-bonding to 1.2 ± 1.0 by the MD simulation. Such specific H-bonding was due to the conformational alteration in the whole glycan which was affected by the presence or absence of the fucose moiety. In addition, ELISA, Biacore, and in-cell FRET assays confirmed the competition between GHCer and PLCβ1 for binding to TRAX. Furthermore, the Matrigel plug assay showed robust vessel formation in the plug containing tumor-secreted EVs or synthetic GHCer, but not in the plug with SSEA3Cer. The FRET analysis also indicated the disruption of colocalization of TRAX and PLCβ1 in cells by GHCer derived from EVs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the fucose residue in GHCer dictated the glycan conformation for its complexing with TRAX to release TRAX-sequestered PLCβ1, leading to Ca2+ mobilization in endothelial cells and enhancing angiogenesis in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hui Tsai
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Lo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ho
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Huan-Hsien Kuo
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Generation of glycan-specific nanobodies. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1353-1361.e6. [PMID: 35705094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of antibodies that target specific glycan structures on cancer cells or human pathogens poses a significant challenge due to the immense complexity of naturally occurring glycans. Automated glycan assembly enables the production of structurally homogeneous glycans in amounts that are difficult to derive from natural sources. Nanobodies (Nbs) are the smallest antigen-binding domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies (hcAbs) found in camelids. To date, the development of glycan-specific Nbs using synthetic glycans has not been reported. Here, we use defined synthetic glycans for alpaca immunization to elicit glycan-specific hcAbs, and describe the identification, isolation, and production of a Nb specific for the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen Globo-H. The Nb binds the terminal fucose of Globo-H and recognizes synthetic Globo-H in solution and native Globo-H on breast cancer cells with high specificity. These results demonstrate the potential of our approach for generating glycan-targeting Nbs to be used in biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Heo HR, Joo KI, Seo JH, Kim CS, Cha HJ. Glycan chip based on structure-switchable DNA linker for on-chip biosynthesis of cancer-associated complex glycans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1395. [PMID: 33654088 PMCID: PMC7925590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
On-chip glycan biosynthesis is an effective strategy for preparing useful complex glycan sources and for preparing glycan-involved applications simultaneously. However, current methods have some limitations when analyzing biosynthesized glycans and optimizing enzymatic reactions, which could result in undefined glycan structures on a surface, leading to unequal and unreliable results. In this work, a glycan chip is developed by introducing a pH-responsive i-motif DNA linker to control the immobilization and isolation of glycans on chip surfaces in a pH-dependent manner. On-chip enzymatic glycosylations are optimized for uniform biosynthesis of cancer-associated Globo H hexasaccharide and its related complex glycans through stepwise quantitative analyses of isolated products from the surface. Successful interaction analyses of the anti-Globo H antibody and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with on-chip biosynthesized Globo H-related glycans demonstrate the feasibility of the structure-switchable DNA linker-based glycan chip platform for on-chip complex glycan biosynthesis and glycan-involved applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoung Heo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Il Joo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Trabbic KR, Kleski KA, Shi M, Bourgault JP, Prendergast JM, Dransfield DT, Andreana PR. Production of a mouse monoclonal IgM antibody that targets the carbohydrate Thomsen-nouveau cancer antigen resulting in in vivo and in vitro tumor killing. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1437-1447. [PMID: 30030557 PMCID: PMC11028060 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The construction of a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen-zwitterionic polysaccharide conjugate, Thomsen-nouveau-polysaccharide A1 (Tn-PS A1, where Tn = D-GalpNAc), has led to the development of a carbohydrate binding monoclonal antibody named Kt-IgM-8. Kt-IgM-8 was produced via hybridoma from Tn-PS A1 hyperimmunized Jackson Laboratory C57BL/6 mice, splenocytes and the murine myeloma cell line Sp2/0Ag14 with subsequent cloning on methyl cellulose semi-solid media. This in-house generated monoclonal antibody negates binding influenced from peptides, proteins, and lipids and preferentially binds monovalent Tn antigen as noted by ELISA, FACS, and glycan array technologies. Kt-IgM-8 demonstrated in vitro and in vivo tumor killing against the Michigan Cancer Foundation breast cell line 7 (MCF-7). In vitro tumor killing was observed using an LDH assay that measured antibody-induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity and these results were validated in an in vivo passive immunotherapy approach using an MCF-7 cell line-derived xenograft model. Kt-IgM-8 is effective in killing tumor cells at 30% cytotoxicity, and furthermore, it demonstrated approximately 40% reduction in tumor growth in the MCF-7 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Trabbic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Kristopher A Kleski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | | | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Wolfe Hall 2232B, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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6
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Blood group antigen A type 3 expression is a favorable prognostic factor in advanced NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2015; 92:8-14. [PMID: 26775589 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several blood group-related carbohydrate antigens are prognosis-relevant markers of tumor tissues. A type 3 (repetitive A) is a blood group antigen specific for A1 erythrocytes. Its potential expression in tumor tissues has so far not been examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have evaluated its expression in normal lung and in lung cancer using a novel antibody (A69-A/E8). For comparison an anti-A antibody specific to A types 1 and 2 was used, because its expression on lung cancer tissue has been previously reported to be of prognostic relevance. Resected tissue samples of 398 NSCLC patients were analyzed in immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Expression of A type 3 was not observed in non-malignant lung tissues. A type 3 was expressed on tumor cells of around half of NSCLC patients of blood group A1 (p<0.001). Whereas no prognostic effect for A type 1/2 antigen was observed (p=0.562), the expression of A type 3 by tumor cells indicated a highly significant favorable prognosis among advanced NSCLC patients (p=0.011) and in NSCLC patients with lymphatic spread (p=0.014). Univariate prognostic results were confirmed in a Cox proportional hazards model. In this study we present for the first time prognostic data for A type 3 antigen expression in lung cancer patients. Prospective studies should be performed to confirm the prognostic value of A type 3 expression for an improved risk stratification in NSCLC patients.
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Hajmohammadi M, Siadat SD, Ghorbani M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Teimourian S, Asgari V, Ahangari Cohan R, Hajmohammadi M, Hajmohammadi A, Behzadi R, Rajab Nezhad S, Namvar Asl N. Synthesis and characterization of a novel chemically designed (Globo)3-DTPA-KLH antigen. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:217-39. [PMID: 25565775 PMCID: PMC4278734 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s72530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many experiments have been conducted for the production and evaluation of anticancer glycoconjugated vaccines in developed countries and many achievements have been accomplished with Globo H derivatives. In the current experiment, a new chemically designed triplicate version of (Globo H)3–diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)–KLH antigen was synthesized and characterized. Immunization with (Globo H)3-DTPA-KLH, a hexasaccharide that is a member of a family of antigenic carbohydrates that are highly expressed in various types of cancers conjugated with DTPA and KLH protein, induced a high level of antibody titer along with an elevated level of IL-4 in mice. Treatment of tumors with the collected sera from immunized mice decreased the tumor size in nude mice as well. None of the immunized mice illustrated any sign of tumor growth after injection of MCF-7 cells compared to the control animals. These findings, based on the newly presented structure of the Globo H antigen, lend exciting and promising evidence for clinical advancement in the development of a therapeutic vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajmohammadi
- Department of Research and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Virology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Asgari
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Hajmohammadi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Hajmohammadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramezan Behzadi
- Laboratory Animal Management of North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Rajab Nezhad
- Department of Research and Development, Alhavi Pharmaceutical, Tehran, Iran
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Cheng JY, Wang SH, Lin J, Tsai YC, Yu J, Wu JC, Hung JT, Lin JJ, Wu YY, Yeh KT, Yu AL. Globo-H Ceramide Shed from Cancer Cells Triggers Translin-Associated Factor X-Dependent Angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6856-66. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sequence-constructive SELEX: a new strategy for screening DNA aptamer binding to Globo H. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:484-9. [PMID: 25159850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We proposed to use a novel stepwise sequence-constructive SELEX method to develop DNA aptamers that can recognize Globo H which is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen. A combinatorial synthetic library that consisted of DNA molecules with randomized regions of 15-bases was used as the starting library for the first SELEX procedure. The input DNA library for the second round of SELEX consisted of the extension of the 5' and 3'-ends with 7-bases that were randomized from four selected aptamers. The third round of SELEX was performed following the same procedures as described for the second round of SELEX. The experimental results indicate that the binding affinity of DNA aptamers to Globo H was enhanced when using the sequence-constructive SELEX approach. The selectivity of the DNA aptamers for related disaccharides, mannose derivatives, and Globo H analogs demonstrated the ability of the DNA aptamers to discriminate the presence of various glycans with different structures.
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10
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Chiang HL, Lin CY, Jan FD, Lin YS, Hsu CT, Whang-Peng J, Liu LF, Nieh S, Lin CC, Hwang J. A novel synthetic bipartite carrier protein for developing glycotope-based vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:7573-81. [PMID: 23099332 PMCID: PMC3513549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of successful vaccines against glycotopes remains a major challenge. In the current studies, we have successfully developed a novel carrier protein for glycotopes based on the concept of antigen clustering and specific stimulation of T helper cells to mount strong antibody response to glycotopes. The bipartite carrier protein consists of a tandem repeat of a cysteine-rich peptide for docking of clustered glycotopes to effectively activate B cells and an Fc domain for antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs). To demonstrate its utility, we conjugated the tumor-specific monosaccharide antigen Tn to this novel carrier protein and successfully developed a Tn vaccine against cancer in animal models. The Tn vaccine effectively elicited high-titer IgG1 antibodies against Tn in immunized mice, and effectively suppressed the development of prostate cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. Our results suggest that this novel bipartite carrier protein could be effectively used for developing anti-glycotope vaccines such as the anticancer Tn vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leroy F. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shin Nieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Recent advances in developing synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:545-84. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can often be distinguished from healthy cells by the expression of unique carbohydrate sequences decorating the cell surface as a result of aberrant glycosyltransferase activity occurring within the cell; these unusual carbohydrates can be used as valuable immunological targets in modern vaccine designs to raise carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Many tumor antigens (e.g., GM2, Ley, globo H, sialyl Tn and TF) have been identified to date in a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone evoke poor immunogenicity, owing to their lack of ability in inducing T-cell-dependent immune responses. In order to enhance their immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immune responses, carbohydrates are often chemically modified to link to an immunogenic protein or peptide fragment for eliciting T-cell-dependent responses. This review will present a summary of efforts and advancements made to date on creating carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines, and will include novel approaches to overcoming the poor immunogenicity of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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12
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Wang CC, Huang YL, Ren CT, Lin CW, Hung JT, Yu JC, Yu AL, Wu CY, Wong CH. Glycan microarray of Globo H and related structures for quantitative analysis of breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11661-6. [PMID: 18689688 PMCID: PMC2575271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804923105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens are often found on the surface of cancer cells. Understanding their roles in cancer progression will lead to the development of new therapeutics and high-sensitivity diagnostics for cancers. Globo H is a member of this family, which is highly expressed on breast cancer cells. Here, we report the development of a glycan microarray of Globo H and its analogs for measurement of the dissociation constants on surface (K(D,surf)) with three different monoclonal antibodies (VK-9, Mbr1, and anti-SSEA-3), to deduce their binding specificity. The glycan microarray was also used to detect the amount of antibodies present in the plasma of breast cancer patients and normal blood donors. It was shown that the amount of antibodies against Globo H from breast cancer patients were significantly higher than normal blood donors, providing a new tool for possible breast cancer diagnosis. Compared with the traditional ELISA method, this array method required only atto-mole amounts of materials and is more effective and more sensitive (5 orders of magnitude). The glycan microarray thus provides a new platform for use to monitor the immune response to carbohydrate epitopes after vaccine therapy or during the course of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chi Wang
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Lin
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Alice L. Yu
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- *The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Oyelaran O, Gildersleeve JC. Application of carbohydrate array technology to antigen discovery and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 6:957-69. [PMID: 18377358 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.6.6.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate arrays are a new technology developed for high-throughput evaluation of interactions between carbohydrates and proteins, cells or viruses. Carbohydrate arrays contain many different carbohydrate structures on a solid support. The format allows one to probe hundreds or thousands of potential receptor-ligand interactions while using only tiny amounts of material. Recently, carbohydrate arrays have been applied to vaccine development in several ways. First, carbohydrate arrays have been utilized for the discovery and characterization of carbohydrate antigens. Second, they have been used to evaluate immune responses to vaccine candidates. Third, carbohydrate arrays have been used to identify and characterize reagents necessary for vaccine development. Although still at an early stage, carbohydrate array technology has tremendous potential for accelerating vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyindasola Oyelaran
- National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 376 Boyles Street, Building 376, Room 109, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Huang CY, Thayer DA, Chang AY, Best MD, Hoffmann J, Head S, Wong CH. Carbohydrate microarray for profiling the antibodies interacting with Globo H tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15-20. [PMID: 16373501 PMCID: PMC1325001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509693102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the specificity of cell-surface carbohydrates interaction with antibodies and receptors is important for the development of new therapeutics and high-sensitivity diagnostics. This approach is, however, limited to the availability of natural and truncated sequences of the oligosaccharides and the sensitivity of the assay system. Reported here is the synthesis of the cancer antigen Globo H hexasaccharide, an epitope found on the cell surface of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers, and its truncated sequences by using the programmable one-pot synthesis strategy. The saccharides were then arrayed covalently on glass slides with different density and used for the fluorencense-based binding analysis of two monoclonal antibodies against Globo H and the serum from breast cancer patients, to define the specificity of these antibodies. It was shown that the terminal tetrasaccharide binds the monoclonal antibodies equally well as does the hexasaccharide and the fucose residue is required for effective binding. The serum binds both the defucosylated pentasaccharide and the fucosylated hexasaccharide without a significant difference, perhaps because of the polyclonal nature of the serum or the presence of diverse immune responses to different sugar epitopes at various stages. This method requires very small amounts of materials and is more effective and sensitive than the traditional ELISA method, and thus provides another platform to monitor the immune response to carbohydrate epitopes at different stages during differentiation, metastasis, or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and Array Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Abstract
Carbohydrates have established themselves as the most clinically relevant antigens of those tested and subsequently developed for vaccines against infectious diseases. However, in cancer patients, many of the defined carbohydrate antigens are really altered 'self' antigens and for unclear reasons, the body does not react to them immunologically. Although these self antigens have been found to be potentially suitable targets for immune recognition and killing, the development of vaccines for cancer treatment is actually more challenging compared with those for infectious diseases mainly because of the difficulty associated with breaking the body's immunological tolerance to the antigen. These antigens lack the inherent immunogenicity associated with bacterial antigens and, therefore, methods to enhance immunological recognition and induction of immunity in vivo are under investigation. These include defining the appropriate tumour-associated antigen, successfully synthesizing the antigen to mimic the original molecule, inducing an immune response, and subsequently enhancing the immunological reactivity so that all components can work together. This has been successfully accomplished with several glycolipid and glycoprotein antigens using carriers such as keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) together with a saponin adjuvant, QS-21. Not only can high titre IgM and IgG antibodies be induced, which are specific for the antigen used for immunization, but the antibodies can mediate complement lysis. The approaches for synthesis, conjugation, clinical administration and immunological potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA.
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16
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Ragupathi G, Coltart DM, Williams LJ, Koide F, Kagan E, Allen J, Harris C, Glunz PW, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ. On the power of chemical synthesis: immunological evaluation of models for multiantigenic carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13699-704. [PMID: 12359877 PMCID: PMC129747 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202427599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic carbohydrate cancer vaccines have been shown to stimulate antibody-based immune responses in both preclinical and clinical settings. The antibodies have been observed to react in vitro with the corresponding natural carbohydrate antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells, and are able to mediate complement-dependent and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, these vaccines have proven to be safe when administered to cancer patients. Until recently, only monovalent antigen constructs had been prepared and evaluated. Advances in total synthesis have now enabled the preparation of multivalent vaccine constructs, which contain several different tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens. Such constructs could, in principle, serve as superior mimics of cell surface antigens and, hence, as potent cancer vaccines. Here we report preclinical ELISA-based evaluation of a TF-Le(y)-Tn bearing construct (compound 3) with native mucin glycopeptide architecture and a Globo-H-Le(y)-Tn glycopeptide (compound 4) with a nonnative structure. Mice were immunized with one or the other of these constructs as free glycopeptides or as keyhole lymphet hemocyanin conjugates. Either QS-21 or the related GPI-0100 were coadministered as adjuvants. Both keyhole lymphet hemocyanin conjugates induced IgM and IgG antibodies against each carbohydrate antigen, however, the mucin-based TF-Le(y)-Tn construct was shown to be less antigenic than the unnatural Globo-H-Le(y)-Tn construct. The adjuvants, although related, proved significantly different, in that GPI-0100 consistently induced higher titers of antibodies than QS-21. The presence of multiple glycans in these constructs did not appear to suppress the response against any of the constituent antigens. Compound 4, the more antigenic of the two constructs, was also examined by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. Significantly, from these studies it was shown that antibodies stimulated in response to compound 4 reacted with tumor cells known to selectively express the individual antigens. The results demonstrate that single vaccine constructs bearing several different carbohydrate antigens have the potential to stimulate a multifaceted immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaswami Ragupathi
- Laboratory of Tumor Vaccinology, Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Burkhart F, Zhang Z, Wacowich-Sgarbi S, Wong CH. Synthesis of the Globo H Hexasaccharide Using the Programmable Reactivity-Based One-Pot Strategy This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health. F.B. thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for a fellowship. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1274-1277. [PMID: 11301448 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010401)40:7<1274::aid-anie1274>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Burkhart
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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Burkhart F, Zhang Z, Wacowich-Sgarbi S, Wong CH. Synthesis of the Globo H Hexasaccharide Using the Programmable Reactivity-Based One-Pot Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010401)113:7<1314::aid-ange1314>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Le Pendu J, Marionneau S, Cailleau-Thomas A, Rocher J, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Clément M. ABH and Lewis histo-blood group antigens in cancer. APMIS 2001; 109:9-31. [PMID: 11297197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antigens of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group family can be found on many normal cells, mainly of epithelial type. In carcinomas, altered expression of the various carbohydrate epitopes of this family occur, and are often strongly associated with either a good or bad prognosis. A review of the available data on these tumor-associated markers, their biosynthesis and their prognostic value is proposed here. For a long time it has been unclear whether their presence could affect the behavior of carcinoma cells. Recent data, however, indicate that they play biological roles in the course of tumor progression. The presence of sialyl-Le(a) or sialyl-Le(x), which are ligands for selectins, promotes the metastatic process by facilitating interaction with the endothelium of distant organs. The loss of A and B antigens increases cellular motility, while the presence of H epitopes increases resistance to apoptosis by mechanisms that remain to be defined. The Le(y) antigen has procoagulant and angiogenic activities. All these observations are used to present a model that may account for the described associations between the presence or loss of these markers and the outcome of disease. Finally, their potential clinical applications as tumor-associated markers or as targets of immunotherapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Pendu
- INSERM U419, Institute of Biology, Nantes, France.
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21
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Abstract
In this review we present a broad survey of fundamental scientific and medically applied studies on keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Commencing with the biochemistry of KLH, information on the biosynthesis and biological role of this copper-containing respiratory protein in the marine gastropod Megathura crenulata is provided. The established methods for the purification of the two isoforms of KLH (KLH1 and KLH2) are then covered, followed by detailed accounts of the molecular mass determination, functional unit (FU) structure, carbohydrate content, immunological analysis and recent aspects of the molecular genetics of KLH. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) has contributed significantly to the understanding of KLH structure, primarily from negatively stained images. We give a brief account of TEM studies on the native KLH oligomers, the experimental manipulation of the oligomeric states, together with immunolabelling data and studies on subunit reassociation. The field of cellular immunology has provided much relevant biomedical information on KLH and has led to the expansion of use of KLH in experimental immunology and clinically as an immunotherapeutic agent; this area is presented in some detail. The major clinical use of KLH is specifically for the treatment of bladder carcinoma, with efficacy probably due to a cross-reacting carbohydrate epitope. KLH also has considerable possibilities for the treatment of other carcinomas, in particular the epithelially derived adenocarciomas, when used as a carrier for carcinoma ganglioside and mucin-like epitopes. The widespread use of KLH as a hapten carrier and generalised vaccine component represent other major on-going aspects of KLH research, together with its use for the diagnosis of Schistosomiasis, drug assay and the treatment of drug addiction. Immune competence testing, assessment of stress and the understanding of inflammatory conditions are other areas where KLH is also making a useful contribution to medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Harris
- Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Germany.
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Allen JR, Danishefsky SJ. New Applications of the n-Pentenyl Glycoside Method in the Synthesis and Immunoconjugation of Fucosyl GM1: A Highly Tumor-Specific Antigen Associated with Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja992594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Allen
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021 (USA) and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York, 10027
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Contribution from the Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021 (USA) and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, New York, New York, 10027
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Zhao Y, Thorson JS. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the Salmonella group E1 core trisaccharide using a recombinant beta-(1-->4)-mannosyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 1999; 319:184-91. [PMID: 10520265 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of the bacterial O-antigen from Salmonella serogroup E1, 3-O-(4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactos e, presents a particular challenge because it contains a beta-(1-->4) mannosidic linkage to L-rhamnose. We report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of this crucial antigenic material which culminates in the enzymatic formation of the critical beta-mannosyl connection catalyzed by Salmonella GDP-alpha-D-Man:alpha Rha1-->3 alpha Gal-PP-Und beta-(1-->4)-mannosyltransferase (ManT beta 4). In comparison with previous synthetic routes, this method is advantageous since it utilizes intermediates, available in significant yield, which can be readily derivatized from the reducing end to present flexibility for analog construction, while the enzymatic construction of the Man1-->4Rha glycosidic bond is both rapid and occurs in high yield. Furthermore, the reported spectroscopic and enzymatic structural characterization of the trisaccharide product furnishes the first indisputable functional link between wbaO and ManT beta 4 and clearly sets the stage for the future mechanistic study and exploitation of this fascinating glycocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
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Slovin SF, Ragupathi G, Adluri S, Ungers G, Terry K, Kim S, Spassova M, Bornmann WG, Fazzari M, Dantis L, Olkiewicz K, Lloyd KO, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ, Scher HI. Carbohydrate vaccines in cancer: immunogenicity of a fully synthetic globo H hexasaccharide conjugate in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:5710-5. [PMID: 10318949 PMCID: PMC21925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex carbohydrate molecule globo H hexasaccharide has been synthesized, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and administered with the immunologic adjuvant QS-21 as a vaccine for patients with prostate cancer who have relapsed after primary therapies such as radiation or surgery. Globo H is one of several candidate antigens present on prostate cancer cells that can serve as targets for immune recognition and treatment strategies. The vaccine, given as five subcutaneous vaccinations over 26 weeks, has been shown to be safe and capable of inducing specific high-titer IgM antibodies against globo H. Its immunogenicity was confirmed in prostate cancer patients with a broad range of stages and tumor burdens. Observations of several patients who had evidence of disease relapse restricted to a rising biochemical marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), indicated that a treatment effect could occur within 3 months after completion of the vaccine therapy. This effect was manifested as a decline of the slope of the log of PSA concentration vs. time plot after treatment compared with values before treatment. Five patients continue to have stable PSA slope profiles in the absence of any radiographic evidence of disease for more than 2 years. The concept of using PSA slope profiles in assessing early treatment effects in biological therapies such as vaccines awaits further validation in phase II and III trials. The use of a variety of lesser known candidate glycoprotein and carbohydrate antigens in prostate cancer serves as a focus for the development of a multivalent vaccine of the treatment of relapsed prostate cancer in patients with minimal tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Slovin
- Division of Genitourinary Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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25
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Zou W, Brisson JR, Larocque S, Gardner RL, Jennings HJ. Synthesis and NMR assignments of galactosylgloboside and its beta-D-GalNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Gal-linked positional isomer in a conjugatable form. Carbohydr Res 1999; 315:251-61. [PMID: 10399298 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two pentasaccharides suitable for conjugation, namely 3-aminopropyl glactosylgloboside and its beta-D-GalNAc-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Gal-linked positional isomer, were synthesized from 3III,4III-di-O-unprotected globotrioside and the trichloroacetimidate of beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-beta-D-GalNPhth derivative. Glycosylation at both positions led to the formation of beta-D-GalNPhth-(1-->4)-alpha-D-Gal and beta-D-GalNPhth-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Gal-linked products in a ratio of 1:1 without selectivity. Complete NMR spectral assignments are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Ragupathi G, Slovin SF, Adluri S, Sames D, Kim IJ, Kim HM, Spassova M, Bornmann WG, Lloyd KO, Scher HI, Livingston PO, Danishefsky SJ. Ein totalsynthetischer Globo-H-Kohlenhydrat-Impfstoff verursacht eine gezielte humorale Immunantwort bei Prostatakrebs-Patienten: der Beweis des Prinzips. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990215)111:4<590::aid-ange590>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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