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Rea M, Jiang T, Eleazer R, Eckstein M, Marshall AG, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Changes in Histone H2B Variants as Cells Undergo Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Cellular Transformation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2411-22. [PMID: 27169413 PMCID: PMC4937513 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental toxic metalloid, leads to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism is unknown. Several studies have shown that inorganic arsenic exposure alters specific gene expression patterns, possibly through alterations in chromatin structure. While most studies on understanding the mechanism of chromatin-mediated gene regulation have focused on histone post-translational modifications, the role of histone variants remains largely unknown. Incorporation of histone variants alters the functional properties of chromatin. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis, analysis of the histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications is required. Here we report the first global mass spectrometric analysis of histone H2B variants as cells undergo arsenic-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We used electron capture dissociation-based top-down tandem mass spectrometry analysis validated with quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify changes in the expression levels of H2B variants in inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identified changes in the expression levels of specific histone H2B variants in two cell types, which are dependent on dose and length of exposure of inorganic arsenic. In particular, we found increases in H2B variants H2B1H/1K/1C/1J/1O and H2B2E/2F, and significant decreases in H2B1N/1D/1B as cells undergo inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The analysis of these histone variants provides a first step toward an understanding of the functional significance of the diversity of histone structures, especially in inorganic arsenic-mediated gene expression and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rea
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Tingting Jiang
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Rebekah Eleazer
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Meredith Eckstein
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Alan G Marshall
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306; ¶Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
| | - Yvonne N Fondufe-Mittendorf
- From the ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536;
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Poplineau M, Trussardi-Régnier A, Happillon T, Dufer J, Manfait M, Bernard P, Piot O, Antonicelli F. Raman microspectroscopy detects epigenetic modifications in living Jurkat leukemic cells. Epigenomics 2012; 3:785-94. [PMID: 22126296 DOI: 10.2217/epi.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Classical biochemical and molecular methods for discerning cells with epigenetic modifications are often biologically perturbing or even destructive. We wondered whether the noninvasive laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy technique allowed the discrimination of single living human cells undergoing epigenetic modifications. MATERIALS & METHODS Human Jurkat leukemic cells were treated with inhibitors of histone deacetylases (trichostatin A and MS-275). Epigenetic changes were monitored through histone electrophoresis, nuclear image cytometry and laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS Treatment of Jurkat cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors increased histone acetylation and induced chromatin organization changes. Characteristic vibrations, issued from laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy analyses, mostly assigned to DNA and proteins allowed discerning histone deacetylase inhibitor-treated cells from control with high confidence. Statistical processing of laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy data led to the definition of specific biomolecular fingerprints of each cell group. CONCLUSION This original study shows that laser tweezer Raman spectroscopy is a label-free rapid tool to identify living cells that underwent epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Poplineau
- Unité MEDyC, UMR URCA CNRS 6237, IFR53, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims, Reims, France
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Jagannathan R, Kaveti S, Desnoyer RW, Willard B, Kinter M, Karnik SS. AT1 receptor induced alterations in histone H2A reveal novel insights into GPCR control of chromatin remodeling. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12552. [PMID: 20838438 PMCID: PMC2933232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT(1)R), a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) induces gene regulatory stress which is responsible for phenotypic modulation of target cells. The AT(1)R-selective drugs reverse the gene regulatory stress in various cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. We speculate that activation states of AT(1)R modify the composition of histone isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTM), thereby alter the structure-function dynamics of chromatin. We combined total histone isolation, FPLC separation, and mass spectrometry techniques to analyze histone H2A in HEK293 cells with and without AT(1)R activation. We have identified eight isoforms: H2AA, H2AG, H2AM, H2AO, H2AQ, Q96QV6, H2AC and H2AL. The isoforms, H2AA, H2AC and H2AQ were methylated and H2AC was phosphorylated. The relative abundance of specific H2A isoforms and PTMs were further analyzed in relationship to the activation states of AT(1)R by immunochemical studies. Within 2 hr, the isoforms, H2AA/O exchanged with H2AM. The monomethylated H2AC increased rapidly and the phosphorylated H2AC decreased, thus suggesting that enhanced H2AC methylation is coupled to Ser1p dephosphorylation. We show that H2A125Kme1 promotes interaction with the heterochromatin associated protein, HP1α. These specific changes in H2A are reversed by treatment with the AT(1)R specific inhibitor losartan. Our analysis provides a first step towards an awareness of histone code regulation by GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaganapathi Jagannathan
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suma Kaveti
- Proteomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Russell W. Desnoyer
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Kinter
- Proteomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sadashiva S. Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Okuwaki M, Kato K, Nagata K. Functional characterization of human nucleosome assembly protein 1-like proteins as histone chaperones. Genes Cells 2010; 15:13-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2009.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Eirín-López JM, González-Romero R, Dryhurst D, Méndez J, Ausió J. Long-Term Evolution of Histone Families: Old Notions and New Insights into Their Mechanisms of Diversification Across Eukaryotes. Evol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00952-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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El-Khoury V, Breuzard G, Fourré N, Dufer J. The histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A downregulates human MDR1 (ABCB1) gene expression by a transcription-dependent mechanism in a drug-resistant small cell lung carcinoma cell line model. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:562-73. [PMID: 17667922 PMCID: PMC2360351 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour drug-resistant ABCB1 gene expression is regulated at the chromatin level through epigenetic mechanisms. We examined the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) on ABCB1 gene expression in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) drug-sensitive (H69WT) or etoposide-resistant (H69VP) cells. We found that TSA induced an increase in ABCB1 expression in drug-sensitive cells, but strongly decreased it in drug-resistant cells. These up- and downregulations occurred at the transcriptional level. Protein synthesis inhibition reduced these modulations, but did not completely suppress them. Differential temporal patterns of histone acetylation were observed at the ABCB1 promoter: increase in H4 acetylation in both cell lines, but different H3 acetylation with a progressive increase in H69WT cells but a transient one in H69VP cells. ABCB1 regulations were not related with the methylation status of the promoter -50GC, -110GC, and Inr sites, and did not result in further changes to these methylation profiles. Trichostatin A treatment did not modify MBD1 binding to the ABCB1 promoter and similarly increased PCAF binding in both H69 cell lines. Our results suggest that in H69 drug-resistant SCLC cell line TSA induces downregulation of ABCB1 expression through a transcriptional mechanism, independently of promoter methylation, and MBD1 or PCAF recruitment.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Butyrates/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Response Elements/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- p300-CBP Transcription Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- V El-Khoury
- Unité MéDIAN-CNRS UMR 6142, IFR 53, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
| | - G Breuzard
- Unité MéDIAN-CNRS UMR 6142, IFR 53, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
| | - N Fourré
- Unité MéDIAN-CNRS UMR 6142, IFR 53, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
| | - J Dufer
- Unité MéDIAN-CNRS UMR 6142, IFR 53, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, F-51096 Reims, France
- E-mail:
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Poirier R, Lemaire I, Lemaire S. Characterization, localization and possible anti-inflammatory function of rat histone H4 mRNA variants. FEBS J 2006; 273:4360-73. [PMID: 16939626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two histone H4 mRNA variants, H4-v.1 and histogranin mRNAs, were detected in the rat genome and measured in various tissues and isolated alveolar macrophages. Medium to high levels of both mRNAs were present in the liver, adrenal glands, thymus, bone marrow and alveolar macrophages. H4-v.1 cDNA contained an open reading frame that coded for unmodified whole histone H4, whereas histogranin cDNA lacked the first ATG codon and contained an open reading frame that coded for modified (Thr89) H4-(84-102). The two genes displayed a sequence homologous (> 80%) to the open reading frame of core H4 somatic (H4s) and H4 germinal (H4g) and their variant nature was supported by the absence of histone consensus palindromic and purine-rich sequences in the proximal 3'UTR, and the presence of a polyadenylation signal in the distal 3'UTR and of specific upstream transcription factor-binding sites. H4-v.1 and histogranin transcripts, but not H4s transcript, were selectively induced by lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon gamma in alveolar macrophages. In vitro transcription/translation experiments with H4-v.1 and histogranin cDNA pCMV constructs produced peptides with the molecular mass (2 kDa) of the alternative histone H4 translation product which, like synthetic H4-(86-100) and [Thr89]H4-(86-100) or rat histogranin, inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E(2) release from rat alveolar macrophages. The synthetic peptides also inhibited the secretion of the CXC chemokine interleukin-8 (GRO/CINC-1) in response to lipopolysaccharide. The presence of H4-v.1 and histogranin mRNAs in tissues wherein immune reactions take place and the inhibitory effects of their translation products on prostaglandin E(2) and interkeukin-8 secretion by activated alveolar macrophages suggest an anti-inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Poirier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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8
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Bonenfant D, Coulot M, Towbin H, Schindler P, van Oostrum J. Characterization of Histone H2A and H2B Variants and Their Post-translational Modifications by Mass Spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:541-52. [PMID: 16319397 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m500288-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome, the fundamental structural unit of chromatin, contains an octamer of core histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B. Incorporation of histone variants alters the functional properties of chromatin. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function, analysis of histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications is required. Here we report the first global mass spectrometric analysis of histone H2A and H2B variants derived from Jurkat cells. A combination of mass spectrometric techniques, HPLC separations, and enzymatic digestions using endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Arg-C, and trypsin were used to identify histone H2A and H2B subtypes and their modifications. We identified nine histone H2A and 11 histone H2B subtypes, among them proteins that only had been postulated at the gene level. The two main H2A variants, H2AO and H2AC, as well as H2AL were either acetylated at Lys-5 or phosphorylated at Ser-1. For the replacement histone H2AZ, acetylation at Lys-4 and Lys-7 was found. The main histone H2B variant, H2BA, was acetylated at Lys-12, -15, and -20. The analysis of core histone subtypes with their modifications provides a first step toward an understanding of the functional significance of the diversity of histone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bonenfant
- Genome and Proteome Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Abstract
Recent research suggests that minor changes in the primary sequence of the conserved histones may become major determinants for the chromatin structure regulating gene expression and other DNA-related processes. An analysis of the involvement of different core histone variants in different nuclear processes and the structure of different variant nucleosome cores shows that this may indeed be so. Histone variants may also be involved in demarcating functional regions of the chromatin. We discuss in this review why two of the four core histones show higher variation. A comparison of the status of variants in yeast with those from higher eukaryotes suggests that histone variants have evolved in synchrony with functional requirement of the cell.
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10
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Li A, Eirín-López JM, Ausió J. H2AX: tailoring histone H2A for chromatin-dependent genomic integrity. Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 83:505-15. [PMID: 16094454 DOI: 10.1139/o05-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, chromatin research has been focusing on the role of histone variability as a modulator of chromatin structure and function. Histone variability can be the result of either post-translational modifications or intrinsic variation at the primary structure level: histone variants. In this review, we center our attention on one of the most extensively characterized of such histone variants in recent years, histone H2AX. The molecular phylogeny of this variant seems to have run in parallel with that of the major canonical somatic H2A1 in eukaryotes. Functionally, H2AX appears to be mainly associated with maintaining the genome integrity by participating in the repair of the double-stranded DNA breaks exogenously introduced by environmental damage (ionizing radiation, chemicals) or in the process of homologous recombination during meiosis. At the structural level, these processes involve the phosphorylation of serine at the SQE motif, which is present at the very end of the C-terminal domain of H2AX, and possibly other PTMs, some of which have recently started to be defined. We discuss a model to account for how these H2AX PTMs in conjunction with chromatin remodeling complexes (such as INO80 and SWRI) can modify chromatin structure (remodeling) to support the DNA unraveling ultimately required for DNA repair.Key words: H2AX, DNA repair, double-stranded DNA breaks, phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
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11
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Tóth KF, Knoch TA, Wachsmuth M, Frank-Stöhr M, Stöhr M, Bacher CP, Müller G, Rippe K. Trichostatin A-induced histone acetylation causes decondensation of interphase chromatin. J Cell Sci 2004; 117:4277-87. [PMID: 15292402 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of trichostatin A (TSA)-induced histone acetylation on the interphase chromatin structure was visualized in vivo with a HeLa cell line stably expressing histone H2A, which was fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. The globally increased histone acetylation caused a reversible decondensation of dense chromatin regions and led to a more homogeneous distribution. These structural changes were quantified by image correlation spectroscopy and by spatially resolved scaling analysis. The image analysis revealed that a chromatin reorganization on a length scale from 200 nm to >1 microm was induced consistent with the opening of condensed chromatin domains containing several Mb of DNA. The observed conformation changes could be assigned to the folding of chromatin during G1 phase by characterizing the effect of TSA on cell cycle progression and developing a protocol that allowed the identification of G1 phase cells on microscope coverslips. An analysis by flow cytometry showed that the addition of TSA led to a significant arrest of cells in S phase and induced apoptosis. The concentration dependence of both processes was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Fejes Tóth
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, AG Molekulare Biophysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Abbott DW, Laszczak M, Lewis JD, Su H, Moore SC, Hills M, Dimitrov S, Ausió J. Structural characterization of macroH2A containing chromatin. Biochemistry 2004; 43:1352-9. [PMID: 14756572 DOI: 10.1021/bi035859i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MacroH2A (mH2A) is one of the most recently identified members of the heteromorphous histone variant family. It is unique among the members of this group because it contains an unusually large non-histone C-terminal end, from where its name derives, and appears to be restricted to subphylum vertebrata. Although a concerted effort has been carried out in order to characterize the physiological relevance of mH2A, little is known in comparison about the structural importance of the molecule. Elucidating the biophysical and conformational proprieties of mH2A in chromatin may provide clues into the links between this histone variant and its unique function(s). In this paper, we look first at the heterogeneous tissue-specific distribution of this protein in different vertebrate classes. This is followed by a structural comparison between mH2A and H2A protein and by the characterization of the nucleosome core particles with which these histone subtypes are associated. We find that the highly alpha-helical C-terminus of mH2A confers an asymmetric conformation to nucleosomes and that this variant is tightly bound to chromatin fragments in a way that does not depend on the overall extent of acetylation of the other core histones.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wade Abbott
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8W 3P6
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Ausió J, Abbott DW. The many tales of a tail: carboxyl-terminal tail heterogeneity specializes histone H2A variants for defined chromatin function. Biochemistry 2002; 41:5945-9. [PMID: 11993987 DOI: 10.1021/bi020059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For many years, histones were considered to be passive structural components of eukaryotic chromatin. Experimental evidence that has accumulated during the past few years indicates that in addition to their structural role, histones play a very important functional role and that they can operate as epigenetic markers. This notion has rekindled the interest in histone variants and their participation in the processes of chromatin activation and inactivation. Recent papers have focused their attention on histone H2A variants. The variants of this overlooked histone participate in many biological processes ranging from transcriptional activation to DNA repair, meiosis, and apoptosis. A nucleosome containing at least one of these variants has been crystallized and biophysically characterized in solution. From all these results, a new concept has started to emerge, which supports the notion that the functional roles of H2A variants are exerted through alterations in chromatin stability and folding that result from the structural variation at the carboxyl-terminal end of this histone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6.
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