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Ramesh M, Bharatam PV. Formation of a Toxic Quinoneimine Metabolite from Diclofenac: A Quantum Chemical Study. Drug Metab Lett 2018; 13:64-76. [PMID: 30210009 DOI: 10.2174/1872312812666180913120736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diclofenac is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. It is predominantly metabolized by CYP2C9. 4'-hydroxydiclofenac and its quinoneimine are the metabolites of diclofenac. However, few numbers of serious cases of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity due to diclofenac metabolism were reported. The formation of the quinoneimine metabolite was found to be responsible for this idiosyncratic toxicity. Quinoneimine is an over-oxidized metabolite of diclofenac. METHOD In this work, computational studies were conducted to detail the formation of a quinoneimine metabolite from diclofenac. Further, the idiosyncratic toxicity of quinoneimine due to its reactivity was also investigated by quantum chemical analysis. RESULTS & CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the possibility of formation of quinoneimine metabolite due to various factors that are involved in the metabolism of diclofenac. The present study may provide the structural in-sights during the drug development processes to avoid the metabolism directed idiosyncratic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Ramesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali)-160 062, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali)-160 062, India
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Horke DA, Li Q, Blancafort L, Verlet JRR. Ultrafast above-threshold dynamics of the radical anion of a prototypical quinone electron-acceptor. Nat Chem 2013; 5:711-7. [PMID: 23881504 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinones feature prominently as electron acceptors in nature. Their electron-transfer reactions are often highly exergonic, for which Marcus theory predicts reduced electron-transfer rates because of a free-energy barrier that occurs in the inverted region. However, the electron-transfer kinetics that involve quinones can appear barrierless. Here, we consider the intrinsic properties of the para-benzoquinone radical anion, which serves as the prototypical electron-transfer reaction product involving a quinone-based acceptor. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we show that excitation at 400 and 480 nm yields excited states that are unbound with respect to electron loss. These excited states are shown to decay on a sub-40 fs timescale through a series of conical intersections with lower-lying excited states, ultimately to form the ground anionic state and avoid autodetachment. From an isolated electron-acceptor perspective, this ultrafast stabilization mechanism accounts for the ability of para-benzoquinone to capture and retain electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Horke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Rau NJ, Welles EA, Wenthold PG. Anionic Substituent Control of the Electronic Structure of Aromatic Nitrenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:683-90. [PMID: 23276248 DOI: 10.1021/ja306364z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Rau
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Emily A. Welles
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Paul G. Wenthold
- The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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Lee Y, Kim S, Rhee HK, Doh KE, Park J, Lee CO, Choi S, Choo HYP. 3D-QSAR studies of cytotoxic heterocyclic quinones using calculated reduction potential. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kacprzak S, Kaupp M. Molecular Mechanical Devices Based on Quinone−Pyrrole and Quinone−Indole Dyads: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8158-65. [PMID: 16610919 DOI: 10.1021/jp061105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of intramolecularly connected dyads consisting of a quinone unit and a pyrrole or indole moiety have been designed and evaluated in quantum-chemical calculations. It is shown computationally for several systems, depending on the length and attachment points of the interconnecting chains, that a reduction of the quinone to the semiquinone radical anion or quinolate dianion state leads to a reversible intramolecular reorientation from a pi-stacked to a T-stacked arrangement. In the rearranged structures, a hydrogen bond from the pyrrole or indole N-H function to the semiquinone or quinolate pi-system is created upon reduction. In some systems, hydrogen bonds to the semiquinone or quinolate oxygen atoms are partly feasible and will be preferred over T-stacking. The choice of systems has been based on recent computational observations related to photosystem I. Systems with pyrrole or indole units should provide a better basis for the envisioned molecular motor than recently proposed quinone-benzene dyads. The intramolecular interactions modify the quinone redox potentials. Electronic g-tensors have been computed for the semiquinone states. These reflect characteristically the presence and nature of hydrogen bonds to the semiquinone and represent suitable electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic probes for the preferred structures. Intramolecular proton transfer is possible in the dianionic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kacprzak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Ham SW, Choe JI, Wang MF, Peyregne V, Carr BI. Fluorinated quinoid inhibitor: possible "pure" arylator predicted by the simple theoretical calculation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:4103-5. [PMID: 15225735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fluorinated form of Cpd 5 as a cell growth inhibitor. This compound is 3-fold more potent than the parent Cpd 5 and is predicted, using the semi-empirical AM1 method to be only an arylator of cysteine-containing proteins, without generating reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wook Ham
- Liver Cancer Center, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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El Ghazaly MO, Svendsen A, Bluhme H, Nielsen SB, Andersen LH. Electron scattering on p-benzoquinone anions. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mariam YH, Musin RN. A B3LYP study of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in naphthazarin: a model system for daunomycin/adriamycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(01)00487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions with quinolinic and trimellitic acid imides: experiments and spin density calculations(1). J Org Chem 2000; 65:7151-7. [PMID: 11031043 DOI: 10.1021/jo001070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The regioselectivity of photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) reactions of unsymmetrical phthalimides is controlled by the spin density distribution of the intermediate radical anions. ROHF ab initio calculations were found to be most suitable for atomic spin density analysis. Intramolecular PET reactions of quinolinic acid imides were studied with the potassium butyrate and hexanoate 1a,b and a cysteine derivative 3. The photocyclizations products 2a,b and 4 were formed with moderate regioselectivities (68:32, 57:43, and 81:19) showing preferential ortho cyclization. The intermolecular reaction of potassium propionate and potassium isobutyrate with N-methylquinolinic acid imide (5) yielded as addition products the dihydropyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridines 6a,b with slight ortho regioselectivity (55:45). In contrast to these low regioselectivities, the PET reaction of potassium propionate with the methyl ester of N-methyltrimellitic acid imide (9) yielded solely the para addition product 10. Likewise, the intramolecular photoreaction of the cysteine derivative 7 gave a 75:25 (para/meta) mixture of regioisomeric cyclization products 8. The regioselectivity originates from donor-acceptor interactions prior to electron transfer and differences in spin densities in the corresponding imide radical anions. The results of DFT and ab initio calculations for the radical anions of the quinolinic acid imide (11(*)(-)) and the methyl ester of trimellitic acid imide (12(*)(-))( )()were in agreement with the latter assumption: spin densities in 11(*)(-) were higher for the imido ortho carbon atoms (indicating preferential ortho coupling); for 12(*)(-) the spin densities were higher for the imido para carbon atoms (indicating preferential para coupling). These correlations became more significant when the additional spin densities at the carbonyl oxygen and the adjacent carbon atoms were taken into account. The cyclization selectivities for 2, 4, and 8 deviate from the intermolecular examples probably because of ground-state and solvent effects.
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Mariam Y, Chantranupong L. DFT computational studies of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions in a model system for 5-iminodaunomycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pou-Amérigo R, Serrano-Andrés L, Merchán M, Ortí E, Forsberg N. A Theoretical Determination of the Low-lying Electronic States of the p-Benzosemiquinone Radical Anion. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja994402m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Pou-Amérigo
- Contribution from the Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain, and Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, POB 124 S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luis Serrano-Andrés
- Contribution from the Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain, and Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, POB 124 S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuela Merchán
- Contribution from the Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain, and Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, POB 124 S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Contribution from the Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain, and Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, POB 124 S-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niclas Forsberg
- Contribution from the Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50 E-46100 Burjassot (València), Spain, and Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, University of Lund, POB 124 S-22100, Lund, Sweden
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Computational studies of intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions and proton transfer in the tautomers of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-naphthoquinone imine: a model for 5-iminoduanomycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Pou-Amérigo R, Merchán M, Ortı́ E. Theoretical study of the electronic spectrum of p-benzoquinone. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Hybrid Hartee–Fock/density functional (HF/DF) calculations of adiabatic electron affinities (EAad's) of neutral hydroquinone radicals of 1,4-benzoquinone (1) and 1,4-benzoquinone imine (2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(98)00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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