1
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Aslani F, Afarin R, Dehghani Madiseh N, Beheshti Nasab H, Monjezi S, Igder S, Rashidi M. Potentiation of Apoptotic Effect of Combination of Etoposide and Quercetin on HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon-136194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. The current remedies for cancer, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, might damage patients’ organs, sometimes causing death. Etoposide (ETO), as a widely used chemo-drug, possesses the same problems. For years, combinational therapy has been considered a potential adjustor for common treatments, alleviating their side effects. Quercetin (Que), a phytochemical drug, has been used due to its potential against cancer. Objectives: This study explored whether synergy occurs between Que and ETO on the apoptosis of HepG2 HCC cells or not. Methods: The impacts of the drugs on cell growth were assessed through the MTT assay. The apoptotic death rates of treated cells were examined through Annexin/PI double staining and caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities. The relative expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Associated X-protein (Bax), and Bcl-2 genes and proteins were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Additionally, the levels of p53 protein were determined. Results: Both Que and ETO reduced the cell viability and increased apoptotic rates, caspases activities, Bax gene and protein expression, and the p53 protein levels of HepG2 cells. The combination of Que and ETO showed apparent synergy in terms of cell growth and cell apoptosis. Que significantly enhanced the effects of ETO on caspase activities, Bax and Bcl-2 genes’ expression, and p53 protein levels. Conclusions: The obtained results demonstrated that Que showed synergy when co-treated with ETO on HepG2 cells. Therefore, it is concluded that further studies on the aforementioned combination could lead to a potential anticancer compound against HCC.
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Zhang G, Zou J, Shi J, Qian B, Qiu K, Liu Q, Xie T, He Z, Xu H, Liao Y, Wu Y, Li Y, Xiao G, Yuan Y, Xiao R, Wu G, Zou X. Knockdown of ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2 promotes apoptosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1067. [PMID: 34753901 PMCID: PMC8578554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins are involved in the development of tumors. Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 2 (UBA2) is an important member of the SUMO modification system; however, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the expression and function of UBA2 in ccRCC. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of UBA2 were found to be higher in ccRCC than in normal renal tissues and significantly related to the tumor size, Fuhrman grade, and tumor stage. UBA2 knockdown inhibited ccRCC cell growth, promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, and decreased the abundance of a p53 mutant, c-Myc, and key enzymes of the SUMO modification system. Meanwhile, overexpression of UBA2 had the opposite effects. Overexpression of the p53 mutant or c-Myc alleviated the effects of UBA2 knockdown on ccRCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, targeting UBA2 may have a therapeutic potential against ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Jinglin Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Kaiyang Qiu
- Department of Urology, Wan'an People's Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, 343800, China
| | - Quanliang Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Tianpeng Xie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zhihua He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yunfeng Liao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Guancheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Yuanhu Yuan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Rihai Xiao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Gengqing Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
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3
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Yabaş E, Şahin-Bölükbaşı S, Şahin-İnan ZD. New water soluble magnesium phthalocyanine as a potential anticancer drug: Cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on different cancer cell lines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although phthalocyanines are usually used a photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, these works focus on the directly cytotoxic effect of a new water-soluble magnesium phthalocyanine. The new water-soluble magnesium phthalocyanine 2 was synthesized, characterized and investigated for cytotoxic and apoptotic activities. The cytotoxic activities of the compound 2 were determined by using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells (PC-3), and human healthy lung fibroblast cells (WI-38). The cells were plated and treated 1 to 20 [Formula: see text]M of different concentrations of the compound. MTT assay results indicated that the compound 2 has concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic activities against cancer cells. We also observed that the compound displayed lower toxicity against WI-38 healthy cells than cancer cells at 48 and 72 h. The compound showed a significant cytotoxic activity difference between breast cancer cells and WI-38 healthy cells at 48 and 72 h. Selectivity index of the compound 2 against MCF-7 for 72 h was calculated ¿ 15.62. We also studied the apoptotic and necrotic effect of compound 2using TUNEL and PI staining, respectively. It was found that the synthesized compound 2 increased apoptotic and necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Yabaş
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin-Bölükbaşı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Deniz Şahin-İnan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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4
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Yu H, Wang H, Yin Y, Wang Z. Liriopesides B from Liriope spicata var. prolifera inhibits metastasis and induces apoptosis in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1747-1758. [PMID: 32582970 PMCID: PMC7411299 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of death among gynecological cancers. In the present study, the anti-cancer effect of liriopesides B, a steroidal saponin from Liriope spicata var. prolifera, against A2780 cells was investigated. Transwell chambers were adopted to assess its effect on cell invasion and chemotaxis abilities. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was employed to examine gene expression levels. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression levels. Liriopesides B inhibited the invasion and chemotactic movement ability of A2780 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, liriopesides B caused cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells at the G1 phase following incubation for 24, 48 and 72 h. Hoechst 33258 staining indicated that, following incubation for 48 h, liriopesides B induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry verified that liriopesides B induced apoptosis in A2780 cells and induced late apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, liriopesides B significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of E-CADHERIN, p21 and p27 and decreased the gene expression levels of BCL-2, which was consistent with its protein expression levels. In conclusion, liriopesides B possess anti-cancer properties, including inhibition of metastasis-associated behaviors, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, liriopesides B may be considered as a candidate drug against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, P.R. China
| | - Youping Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
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5
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Hari AD, Vegi NG, Das UN. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids induce oxidative stress to suppress proliferation of human glioma cells. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:974-983. [PMID: 32542101 PMCID: PMC7286332 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Devi Hari
- BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, USA
- Corresponding author: Undurti N. Das MD, DSc, FAMS, FRSC, UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5 St, 98604, Battle Ground, USA, Phone: 2162315548, E-mail:
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6
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Chen J, Xie H, Chen D, Yu B, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, He J. Chlorogenic Acid Improves Intestinal Development via Suppressing Mucosa Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis in Weaned Pigs. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2211-2219. [PMID: 30023826 PMCID: PMC6044628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol in the human diet and plants, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of CGA on intestinal development and health in weaned pigs. Twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned to two treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg CGA. After a 14 d trial, samples were collected. Compared with the control group, CGA supplementation decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1βIL-6 concentrations and elevated the serum immunoglobulin G and jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations. Meanwhile, jejunal villus height, duodenal and jejunal villus width, and jejunal and ileal villus height/crypt depth were increased by CGA. CGA not only decreased the number of duodenal and jejunal cells in the G0G1 phase but also increased the number of jejunal and ileal cells in the S phase. The percentages of late and total apoptotic cells in jejunum and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2-assiciated X protein to B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in duodenum and jejunum were also decreased by CGA supplementation. Finally, CGA upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 in duodenum and jejunum, whereas it downregulated the expression levels of caspase-3 in duodenum and jejunum, caspase-9 in jejunum, as well as Fas in jejunum and ileum. This study suggested that the beneficial effects of CGA on intestinal development and health are partially due to improvement in immune defense and suppression in excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Hongmei Xie
- Department
of Pet Science, Shandong Vocational Animal
Science and Veterinary College, 88 Shengli Street, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Key
Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition
Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
- E-mail: . Phone: +86-28-86290922 (J.H.)
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7
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Yamagata K, Izawa Y, Onodera D, Tagami M. Chlorogenic acid regulates apoptosis and stem cell marker-related gene expression in A549 human lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 441:9-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Yang JS, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Hsu YM, Tsai SC, Chen SY, Chen YT, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Lin WY, Liu YH, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Autophagy and its link to type II diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:8. [PMID: 28612706 PMCID: PMC5479440 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a double-edged sword for cell survival, is the research object on 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Autophagy is a molecular mechanism for maintaining cellular physiology and promoting survival. Defects in autophagy lead to the etiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, neurodegeneration, infection disease and aging. DM is a metabolic and chronic disorder and has a higher prevalence in the world as well as in Taiwan. The character of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and failure of producing insulin on pancreatic beta cells. In T2DM, autophagy is not only providing nutrients to maintain cellular energy during fasting, but also removes damaged organelles, lipids and miss-folded proteins. In addition, autophagy plays an important role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the roles of autophagy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
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Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
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School of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
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Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
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Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung
804 Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
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Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
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School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
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9
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Sohun M, Shen H. The implication and potential applications of high-mobility group box 1 protein in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:217. [PMID: 27386491 PMCID: PMC4916368 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, non-histone and ubiquitous chromosomal protein found enriched in active chromatin forming part of the high mobility group family of proteins and is encoded by the HMGB1 gene (13q12) in human beings. It has various intranuclear and extracellular functions. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer. In 2012, there was approximately 1.67 million new breast cancer cases diagnosed which makes it the second most frequent cancer in the world after lung cancer (25% of all cancers) and the commonest cancer among women. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies have suggested that HMGB1 might be a useful target in the management of breast cancer. This review summarises the structure and functions of HMGB1 and its dual role in carcinogenesis both as a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic factor. It also sums up evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies using breast cancer cell lines and samples which demonstrate its influence in radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in breast cancer. It may have particular importance in HER2 positive and metastatic breast cancer. It might pave the way for new breast cancer treatments through development of novel drugs, use of microRNAs (miRNAs), targeting breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and breast cancer immunotherapy. It may also play a role in determining breast cancer prognosis. Thus HMGB1 may open up novel avenues in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonindranath Sohun
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huiling Shen
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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10
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Narendrula R, Mispel-Beyer K, Guo B, Parissenti AM, Pritzker LB, Pritzker K, Masilamani T, Wang X, Lannér C. RNA disruption is associated with response to multiple classes of chemotherapy drugs in tumor cell lines. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:146. [PMID: 26911141 PMCID: PMC4765116 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular stressors and apoptosis-inducing agents have been shown to induce ribosomal RNA (rRNA) degradation in eukaryotic cells. Recently, RNA degradation in vivo was observed in patients with locally advanced breast cancer, where mid-treatment tumor RNA degradation was associated with complete tumor destruction and enhanced patient survival. However, it is not clear how widespread chemotherapy induced "RNA disruption" is, the extent to which it is associated with drug response or what the underlying mechanisms are. METHODS Ovarian (A2780, CaOV3) and breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, BT474, SKBR3) cancer cell lines were treated with several cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and total RNA was isolated. RNA was also prepared from docetaxel resistant A2780DXL and carboplatin resistant A2780CBN cells following drug exposure. Disruption of RNA was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Northern blotting was performed using probes complementary to the 28S and 18S rRNA to determine the origins of degradation bands. Apoptosis activation was assessed by flow cytometric monitoring of annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) binding to cells and by measuring caspase-3 activation. The link between apoptosis and RNA degradation (disruption) was investigated using a caspase-3 inhibitor. RESULTS All chemotherapy drugs tested were capable of inducing similar RNA disruption patterns. Docetaxel treatment of the resistant A2780DXL cells and carboplatin treatment of the A2780CBN cells did not result in RNA disruption. Northern blotting indicated that two RNA disruption bands were derived from the 3'-end of the 28S rRNA. Annexin-V and PI staining of docetaxel treated cells, along with assessment of caspase-3 activation, showed concurrent initiation of apoptosis and RNA disruption, while inhibition of caspase-3 activity significantly reduced RNA disruption. CONCLUSIONS Supporting the in vivo evidence, our results demonstrate that RNA disruption is induced by multiple chemotherapy agents in cell lines from different tissues and is associated with drug response. Although present, the link between apoptosis and RNA disruption is not completely understood. Evaluation of RNA disruption is thus proposed as a novel and effective biomarker to assess response to chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Docetaxel
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- RNA Stability/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- Taxoids/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Mispel-Beyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Baoqing Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- RNA Diagnostics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amadeo M Parissenti
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- RNA Diagnostics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Carita Lannér
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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11
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Lee HH, Kim SO, Kim GY, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Jeong YK, Yoo YH, Choi YH. Involvement of autophagy in cordycepin-induced apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:239-250. [PMID: 24973666 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin, an active ingredient of the insect fungus Cordyceps spp., shows strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been attributed to its inhibitory effects on a wide range of tumor cells; however, the mechanism causing cancer cell death is still obscure. For the current study, we further investigated the mechanism responsible for targeting cordycepin-induced cell death and its association with autophagy in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Our results show that cordycepin resulted in significant reduction in LNCaP cell survival by inducing apoptotic cell death. Cordycepin treatment caused a dose-dependent increase of pro-apoptotic Bax and decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, triggering collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9 and -3. Cordycepin-induced cell death was also associated with induction of Fas and death receptor 5, activation of caspase-8, and truncation of Bid (tBid), suggesting that tBid might serve to connect activation of both the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic and death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, completely abolished cordycepin-induced cell death, demonstrating that cordycepin-induced apoptosis was dependent on the activation of caspases. Cordycepin also stimulated autophagy, which was evidenced by an increase in microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) puncta, accumulation of LC3-II, and elevation of autophagic flux; however, blockage of autophagic flux by the autophagic inhibitor bafilomycin A1 promoted cell-switching to apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that cordycepin-induced autophagy functions as a survival mechanism and that autophagy is a potential strategy for treating prostate cancer that is resistant to pro-apoptotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Lee
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Team for Scientification of Korean Medical Intervention (BK21 Plus) & Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Busan 602-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea; Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Polyakov VR, Moorcroft ND, Drawid A. Enrichment Analysis for Discovering Biological Associations in Phenotypic Screens. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:377-86. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400245c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery R. Polyakov
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Neil D. Moorcroft
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Amar Drawid
- Sanofi, 55 Corporate Drive, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
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13
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14
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Godbole A, Dubey AK, Reddy PS, Udayakumar M, Mathew MK. Mitochondrial VDAC and hexokinase together modulate plant programmed cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:875-884. [PMID: 23247919 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and mitochondrially located hexokinase have been implicated both in pathways leading to cell death on the one hand, and immortalization in tumor formation on the other. While both proteins have also been implicated in death processes in plants, their interaction has not been explored. We have examined cell death following heterologous expression of a rice VDAC in the tobacco cell line BY2 and in leaves of tobacco plants and show that it is ameliorated by co-expression of hexokinase. Hexokinase also abrogates death induced by H2O2. We conclude that the ratio of expression of the two proteins and their interaction play a major role in modulating death pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Godbole
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR,UAS-GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, India
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15
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Wendt MD. Discovery of ABT-263, a Bcl-family protein inhibitor: observations on targeting a large protein-protein interaction. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1123-43. [PMID: 23506184 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.9.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of ABT-263, a rationally designed Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor at present in Phase I clinical trials for cancer, is described. Emphasis is placed on the specific hurdles overcome throughout the discovery process that relate to the nature of the targeted protein-protein interaction (PPI). OBJECTIVE/METHODS This review draws on observations from the experience of discovering ABT-263 and discusses them within the framework of the larger issue of discovering drugs targeting PPIs. Issues discussed include the 'hot spot' paradigm, hit and lead generation, serum protein binding, structure-based design, and in particular, hydrophobicity and molecular size and their relation to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Approaches to understanding obstacles thought of as being specifically attached to PPIs, and existing techniques to combat these obstacles, were very helpful in overcoming them. The example of ABT-263 provides evidence that the larger family of PPI targets is more tractable than may have been thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wendt
- Abbott Laboratories, Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Dept R4N6, Bldg. AP10-3, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA +1 847 937 9305 ; +1 847 938 1004 ;
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Tsou MF, Tien N, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Yang JS, Lin JP, Fan MJ, Lu JJ, Yeh SP, Chung JG. Phenethyl isothiocyanate promotes immune responses in normal BALB/c mice, inhibits murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells, and stimulates immunomodulations in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:127-136. [PMID: 21626647 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with the reduction of cancer incidence as shown in epidemiological studies. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), one of the important compounds in cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to induce apoptosis in many types of human cancer cell lines, but there is no available information addressing the effects on normal and leukemia mice in vivo. The purpose of this study is to focus on the in vivo effects of PEITC on immune responses of normal and WEHI-3 leukemia BALB/c mice in vivo. Influences of PEITC on BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with WEHI-3 cells and normal mice were investigated. In normal BALB/c mice, PEITC did not affect the body weight when compared to the olive oil treated animals. Moreover, PEITC promoted phagocytosis by macrophages from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and peritoneal cavity, increased the levels of CD11b and Mac-3, decreased the level of CD19 and promoted natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity, but it did not alter the level of CD3. Also, PEITC enhanced T cell proliferation after concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. Otherwise, PEITC increased the body weight, but decreased the weight of liver and spleen as compared to the olive oil-treated WEHI-3 leukemia mice. PEITC also increased the level of CD19, decreased the levels of CD3 and Mac-3 rather than influence in the level of CD11b, suggesting that the differentiation of the precursor of macrophages and T cells was inhibited, but the differentiation of the precursor of B cells was promoted in leukemia mice. Furthermore, PEITC enhanced phagocytosis by monocytes and macrophages from PBMC and peritoneal cavity, and also promoted the NK cell cytotoxic activity in comparison with the group of leukemia mice. Based on these observations, the biological properties of PEITC can promote immune responses in normal and WEHI-3 leukemia mice in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Isothiocyanates/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/blood
- Leukemia, Experimental/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fen Tsou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Wang H, Ao M, Wu J, Yu L. TNFα and Fas/FasL pathways are involved in 9-Methoxycamptothecin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with oxidative stress and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:396-410. [PMID: 23369935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT) has been recently reported to have a strong anticancer activity. However, its detailed mechanism of action in human cancer cells has not been well clarified. The results showed that MCPT induced cytotoxicity in seven human cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner after 72h, with A2780 and Hela cell lines more sensitive, so the two cell lines were chosen to do further studies. MCPT induced strong G2/M arrest in both A2780 cells and Hela cells after 24h, following by substantial sub-G1 arrest (indicating apoptosis). The apoptosis was verified by staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. ROS generation increased significantly in MCPT-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis appeared to be dependent on caspase-3, -8 and -9 in A2780 cells, and caspase-3 in Hela cells. In addition, MCPT induced up-regulation expression of most of seventeen genes in both cell lines. Western blot verified that changes of TNFα, Fas, P53 and P27 protein level were consistent with their gene expression changes. Taken together, MCPT plays an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in both cell lines via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and has the potential to be developed into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Sarkar D. Fabrication of an optimized fluorescer encapsulated polymer coated gelatin nanoparticle and study of its retarded release properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Biophysical Evaluation of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on Male Reproductive Pattern. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 65:85-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Zhao Q, Xue Y, Wang JF, Li H, Long TT, Li Z, Wang YM, Dong P, Xue CH. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumour activities of echinoside A and ds-echinoside A from Pearsonothuria graeffei. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:965-974. [PMID: 22012678 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinoside A (EA) and ds-echinoside A (DSEA) are triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei. DSEA, the desulfurisation product of EA, has the following structure: β-D-xylopyranosyl-holost-8(9),11(12)-diene-3β,17α-diol. In the present study, we examined the anti-tumour activities-in particular, the structure-activity relationships-of EA and DSEA in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Both EA and DSEA exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, along with apoptosis-inducing activity, in HepG2 cells. Moreover, they significantly arrested the cell cycle in the G₀/G₁ phase. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that EA and DSEA significantly increased the expression of the cell-cycle-related genes, namely, p16, p21 and c-myc, and decreased that of cyclin D₁. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that they down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, and enhanced mitochondria cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase, cleavage. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression was significantly decreased by DSEA, but was unaffected by EA. EA and DSEA (2.5 mg kg⁻¹) treatment of mice bearing H22 hepatocarcinoma tumours reduced the tumour weight by 49.8% and 55.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION EA and DSEA exhibit marked anti-cancer activity in HepG2 cells, by blocking cell-cycle progression and inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. DSEA-induced apoptosis was more potent than EA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the two triterpene glycosides derived from P. graeffei may induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells in an NF-κB-dependent or NF-κB-independent manner, depending on their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Weissig V. Mitochondria-Specific Nanocarriers for Improving the Proapoptotic Activity of Small Molecules. Methods Enzymol 2012; 508:131-55. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391860-4.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Biological evaluation of MR36, a novel non-polyglutamatable thymidylate synthase inhibitor that blocks cell cycle progression in melanoma cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1484-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Kim MK, Jeon YK, Woo JK, Choi Y, Choi DH, Kim YH, Kim CW. The C-terminal region of Bfl-1 sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activity and down-regulating Bfl-1. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:98. [PMID: 21843371 PMCID: PMC3166274 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is used to treat several cancers including lung cancer. However, tumor cells often escape gemcitabine-induced cell death via various mechanisms, which include modulating bcl-2 family members and NF-κB activation. We previously reported that the C-terminal region of Bfl-1 fused with GFP (BC) is sufficient to induce apoptosis in 293T cells. In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of combined BC gene therapy and gemcitabine chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo using non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and a xenograft model. Cell lines were resistant to low dose gemcitabine (4-40 ng/ml), which induced NF-κB activation and concomitant up-regulation of Bfl-1 (an NF-κB-regulated anti-apoptotic protein). BC induced the apoptosis of A549 and H157 cells with caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, co-treatment with BC and low dose gemcitabine synergistically and efficiently induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in these cells. When administered alone or with low dose gemcitabine, BC suppressed NF-κB activity, inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65/relA, and down-regulated Bfl-1 expression. Furthermore, direct suppression of Bfl-1 by RNA interference sensitized cells to gemcitabine-induced cell death, suggesting that Bfl-1 importantly regulates lung cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine. BC and gemcitabine co-treatment also showed a strong anti-tumor effect in a nude mouse/A549 xenograft model. These results suggest that lung cancer cells become resistant to gemcitabine via NF-κB activation and the subsequent overexpression of Bfl-1, and that BC, which has both pro-apoptotic and NF-κB inhibitory effects, could be harnessed as a gene therapy to complement gemcitabine chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Weissig V. From Serendipity to Mitochondria-Targeted Nanocarriers. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2657-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Park IJ, Kim MJ, Park OJ, Park MG, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Cryptotanshinone sensitizes DU145 prostate cancer cells to Fas(APO1/CD95)-mediated apoptosis through Bcl-2 and MAPK regulation. Cancer Lett 2010; 298:88-98. [PMID: 20638780 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fas/APO-1/CD95, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a potential anti-cancer factor as it can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, despite the fact that many cancer cells express Fas on the membrane, some tumors such as prostate cancer display resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. In these cases, combination therapy using chemotherapeutic agents and Fas may be more suitable than therapy using Fas alone. In the present study, we demonstrate that the apoptosis inhibitory protein, Bcl-2, was highly expressed in response to Fas in DU145 prostate cancer cells, thereby conferring resistance to apoptosis. We have screened a number of naturally occurring products that may overcome this resistance. Here we report that cryptotanshinone, the major tanshinone isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, can suppress Bcl-2 expression and augment Fas sensitivity in DU145 cells. We further show that JNK and p38 MAPK act upstream of Bcl-2 expression in Fas-treated DU145 cells, and that cryptotanshinone significantly blocked activation of these kinases. Moreover, cryptotanshinone sensitized several tumor cells to a broad range of anti-cancer agents. Collectively, our data suggest that cryptotanshinone has therapeutic potential in the treatment of human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ja Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Nagane M, Shimizu S, Mori E, Kataoka S, Shiokawa Y. Predominant antitumor effects by fully human anti-TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibodies in human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:687-700. [PMID: 20511188 PMCID: PMC2940669 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2 L) preferentially induces apoptosis in human tumor cells through its cognate death receptors DR4 or DR5, thereby being investigated as a potential agent for cancer therapy. Here, we applied fully human anti-human TRAIL receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to specifically target one of death receptors for TRAIL in human glioma cells, which could also reduce potential TRAIL-induced toxicity in humans. Twelve human glioma cell lines treated with several fully human anti-human TRAIL receptor mAbs were sensitive to only anti-DR5 mAbs, whereas they were totally insensitive to anti-DR4 mAb. Treatment with anti-DR5 mAbs exerted rapid cytotoxicity and lead to apoptosis induction. The cellular sensitivity was closely associated with cell-surface expression of DR5. Expression of c-FLIP(L), Akt, and Cyclin D1 significantly correlated with sensitivity to anti-DR5 mAbs. Primary cultures of glioma cells were also relatively resistant to anti-DR5 mAbs, exhibiting both lower DR5 and higher c-FLIP(L) expression. Downregulation of c-FLIP(L) expression resulted in the sensitization of human glioma cells to anti-DR5 mAbs, whereas overexpression of c-FLIP(L) conferred resistance to anti-DR5 mAb. Treatment of tumor-burden nude mice with the direct agonist anti-DR5 mAb KMTR2 significantly suppressed growth of subcutaneous glioma xenografts leading to complete regression. Similarly, treatment of nude mice bearing intracerebral glioma xenografts with KMTR2 significantly elongated lifespan without tumor recurrence. These results suggest that DR5 is the predominant TRAIL receptor mediating apoptotic signals in human glioma cells, and sensitivity to anti-DR5 mAbs was determined at least in part by the expression level of c-FLIP(L) and Akt. Specific targeting of death receptor pathway through DR5 using fully human mAbs might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intractable malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Comparative evaluation of antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and antitumor effects of Antrodia camphorata extract. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThe cytotoxic and protective effects of selected synthetic chalcone analogues have been shown in previous studies. We studied their cytotoxic effect on the modification of mitochondrial membrane potential and on DNA. The first spectral information about the methoxy group as well as the dimethylamino substituent in E-2-arylmethylene-1-benzosuberones molecule was obtained by absorption and emission spectra. The cytotoxic effect of both cyclic chalcone analogues on DNA were detected by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. Better fluorescent chalcone analogue E-2-(4′-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-1-benzosuberone was studied further in fresh isolated mitochondria. The decrease of rat liver mitochondria membrane potential (Δψ) was observed by fluorescence emission spectra. For the collapsing of mitochondrial potentials and as the negative control of mitochondrial function the CCCP uncoupler was used. The absorption maximum of the methoxy group was found at a shorter wavelength (λ = 335 nm) than that of the dimethylamino group (λ = 406 nm). The excitation spectra were very similar to the absorption spectra for both molecules but the emission spectra showed a better fluorescence for dimethylamino derivative. After the addition of E-2-(4′-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-1-benzosuberone to the intact mitochondria the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ was observed by emisssion fluorescence spectra. Both cyclic chalcone analogues induced DNA damage, which was detected by alkaline comet assay. Mainly the apoptotic cells were detected, but necrotic cells were also present. Similarities in the percentages of DNA migration from the head were observed in both treatment groups. Both benzosuberones, with dimethylamino- and methoxy- substituent, were very active biologically, as shown by DNA results of the comet assay. Due to its better fluorescence properties, only the fluorophore with dimethylamino substituent was selected for further study of the function of rat liver mitochondria. Decline of mitochondrial function as well as mitochondrial DNA damage were evident between experimental and control groups.
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Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Kappert K, Micke P, Otsuka K. bFGF rescues imatinib/STI571-induced apoptosis of sis-NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:165-70. [PMID: 19338769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PDGF-B-transfected, sis-NIH3T3 fibroblasts serve as a model system for examining the role of PDGF signaling in tumors. We have found that imatinib/STI571, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGF receptors, induces apoptosis of sis-NIH3T3 fibroblasts cultured under serum free conditions, which was rescued by the addition of 10% newborn calf serum (NCS). Therefore, growth factors included in serum were tested with regard to their ability to rescue imatinib-induced apoptosis. While PDGF-AB, EGF, and IGF-I failed to protect imatinib-induced sis-NIH3T3 cell apoptosis, bFGF rescued it. The effects of bFGF were confirmed by both cell viability assays and Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression ratio. An FGF receptor inhibitor, PD166866, invalidated the protective effect of bFGF. However, combination of imatinib and PD166866 failed to induce cell death of sis-NIH3T3 cells when cultured in 10% NCS. These results indicate that synergistic administration of some types of tyrosine kinase inhibitors need to be tested under in vivo-like conditions to establish novel strategies in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
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Kim MM, Mendis E, Kim SK. Laurencia okamurai extract containing laurinterol induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. J Med Food 2008; 11:260-6. [PMID: 18598167 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laurinterol is a marine sesquiterpene that has been known to have antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Laurencia okamurai extract containing laurinterol (LOEL) on induction of apoptosis in melanoma cells (B16F1). Anticancer activity of LOEL against melanoma cells was shown in a dose-dependent manner by the 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. It was for the first time found that LOEL exhibited an excellent effect on the induction of apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP in situ nick-end labeling assay, cell cycle analysis, and measurement of activities of several caspases in melanoma cells. It was also demonstrated that transcriptional activation of p53, a tumor suppressor gene, and activation of p21 promoter by LOEL were involved in the induction of apoptosis by reporter gene assay. In particular, western blot analysis confirmed that LOEL above 5 microg/mL significantly increased the expression level of phospho-p53, the active form. These results indicate that LOEL can induce apoptosis through a p53-dependent pathway in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Wijeratne EMK, Paranagama PA, Marron MT, Gunatilaka MK, Arnold AE, Gunatilaka AAL. Sesquiterpene quinones and related metabolites from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungal strain endophytic in Platycladus orientalis of the Sonoran Desert. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:218-222. [PMID: 18247573 DOI: 10.1021/np070600c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Five new metabolites, (+)-(5 S,10 S)-4'-hydroxymethylcyclozonarone ( 1), 3-ketotauranin ( 3), 3alpha-hydroxytauranin ( 4), 12-hydroxytauranin ( 5), and phyllospinarone ( 6), together with tauranin ( 2), were isolated from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungal strain endophytic in Platycladus orientalis. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and chemical interconversions. All compounds were evaluated for inhibition of cell proliferation in a panel of five cancer cell lines, and only tauranin ( 2) showed activity. When tested in a flow cytometry-based assay, tauranin induced apoptosis in PC-3M and NIH 3T3 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- SW Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, Office of Arid Lands Studies, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, USA
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Zhang YQ, Herman B. Expression and modification of ARC (apoptosis repressor with a CARD domain) is distinctly regulated by oxidative stress in cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:818-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shi H, He X, Wang K, Yuan Y, Deng K, Chen J, Tan W. Rhodamine B isothiocyanate doped silica-coated fluorescent nanoparticles (RBITC-DSFNPs)–based bioprobes conjugated to Annexin V for apoptosis detection and imaging. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marín YE, Wall BA, Wang S, Namkoong J, Martino JJ, Suh J, Lee HJ, Rabson AB, Yang CS, Chen S, Ryu JH. Curcumin downregulates the constitutive activity of NF-κB and induces apoptosis in novel mouse melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2007; 17:274-83. [PMID: 17885582 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e3282ed3d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, is very aggressive and resistant to present therapies. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) has been reported to be constitutively active in many types of cancer. Constitutively active NF-kappaB seen in melanoma likely plays a central role in cell survival and growth. We have established and characterized novel cell lines from our murine melanoma model. Here we report the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB in these melanoma-derived cells, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and reporter assays. We hypothesized that agents that inhibit NF-kappaB may also inhibit cell proliferation and may induce apoptosis in such melanoma cells. Curcumin has been shown to inhibit NF-kappaB activity in several cell types. In our system, curcumin selectively inhibited growth of melanoma cells, but not normal melanocytes. Curcumin induced melanoma cells to undergo apoptosis, as shown by caspase-3 activation, inversion of membrane phosphatidyl serine, and increases in cells in the sub-G1 phase. A curcumin dose-dependent inhibition of NF-kappaB-driven reporter activity correlated with decreased levels of phospho-IkappaBalpha, and decreased expression of NF-kappaB-target genes COX-2 and cyclin D1. This study demonstrates that the use of cells from our model system can facilitate studies of signaling pathways in melanoma. We furthermore conclude that curcumin, a natural and safe compound, inhibits NF-kappaB activity and the expression of its downstream target genes, and also selectively induces apoptosis of melanoma cells but not normal melanocytes. These encouraging in-vitro results support further investigation of curcumin for treatment of melanoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarí E Marín
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Krieg RC, Herr A, Raupach K, Ren Q, Schwamborn K, Knuechel R. Analyzing effects of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in urothelial cells using reverse phase protein arrays. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1296-305. [PMID: 18046485 DOI: 10.1039/b704464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is clinically established approach for a number of defined applications. However, in order to optimize the therapeutic benefits of PDT, the specific mode of cell destruction should be better defined. Apoptosis is favored over necrosis for clinical practice as the latter causes more side-effects. In the present study, we analyse PDT-induced cell death and its correlation to various PDT parameters (different doses applied, time after PDT treatment) in vitro using reverse phase protein arrays. Human urothelial cell lines with varying degrees of differentiation (UROtsa, RT4, RT112, J82) were subjected to in vitro-PDT using increasing doses of irradiation. In addition, positive controls for apoptosis, necrosis and un-/specific cellular damage were included. Cells were harvested over a specified time course, lysed and arrayed onto nitrocellulose-covered glass slides. The arrays were analyzed for expression of apoptosis-related proteins by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of caspase-3 and -9 expression, the activation of HIF-1alpha, Bcl2, Cox2 and the phosphorylation of AKT reveals signal activation due to a PDT-stimulus in correlation with the positive controls. Data were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical clustering and depicted as a heat map revealing cell-specific patterns of pathway stimulation. Higher differentiated phenotypes showed a more distinct signal response in general and a higher apoptotic response in detail. Lower differentiated cell lines lost pathway regulation capabilities according to their state of dedifferentiation. Reverse phase protein arrays are a promising technique for signal pathway profiling: they exceed the range of traditional western blots by sensitivity, high-throughput capability, minimal sample consumption and easy quantification of results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Krieg
- Institute of Pathology, Pauwelsstr. 30, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, D-52074, Germany.
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Chhipa RR, Bhat MK. Bystander killing of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 5-fluorouracil is mediated via Fas. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:68-79. [PMID: 17340621 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The major drawback with cancer therapy is the development of resistant cells within tumors due to their heterogeneous nature and due to inadequate drug delivery during chemotherapy. Therefore, the propagation of injury ("bystander effect" (BE)) from directly damaged cells to other cells may have great implications in cancer chemotherapy. The general advantage of the bystander cell killing phenomenon is the large therapeutic index that can be achieved. Experiments suggest that this phenomenon is detected in radiation therapy as well as in gene therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy. In the present study, we developed an original in vitro model dedicated to the exploration of bystander cytotoxicity induced during breast carcinoma chemotherapy. In brief, we investigated this perpetuation of injury on untreated bystander MCF-7 breast cancer cells which were coplated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, a specific in vitro coculture model which involved mixing of aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing stable clone of non-metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cells (MCF-EGFP), was used. A bystander killing effect was observed in MCF-EGFP cells cocultured with MDA-MB-231 cells pretreated with 5-FU. The striking decrease in MCF-EGFP cells, as detected by assaying for total GFP intensity, is mediated by activation of Fas/FasL system. The implication of Fas in MCF-EGFP cell death was confirmed by using antagonistic anti-FasL antibody that reverses bystander cell death by blocking FasL on MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, inhibition of CD95/Fas receptor on the cell surface of MCF-EGFP cells by treatment with Pifithrin-alpha, a p53 specific transactivation inhibitor, partially abrogated the sensitivity of bystander MCF-EGFP cells. Our data, therefore, demonstrates that the Fas/FasL system could be considered as a new determinant for chemotherapy-induced bystander cell death in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Raj Chhipa
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
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Koyuturk M, Ersoz M, Altiok N. Simvastatin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells: p53 and estrogen receptor independent pathway requiring signalling through JNK. Cancer Lett 2007; 250:220-8. [PMID: 17125918 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of simvastatin, a widely used statin for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, was investigated in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7, and the ER-negative MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell lines. Simvastatin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both cells. These effects of simvastatin were not altered by 17-beta-estradiol treatment. MCF-7 cells express wild-type tumor suppressor protein p53, whereas MDA-MB 231 cells carry a p53 mutation. However, no alteration in the level or localisation of p53 was observed with simvastatin treatment in either cell line. On the other hand, simvastatin strongly stimulated phosphorylation of c-jun which was completely abolished by the c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, which also significantly reduced the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of simvastatin in these cells. In conclusion, we describe here that simvastatin induces apoptosis via involvement of JNK in breast cancer cells independent of their ER or p53 expression status. These findings indicate a great potential for statins for the treatment of cancers resistant to currently used drugs, and target the JNK signalling pathway for a novel approach of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Koyuturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Science University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nagane M, Cavenee WK, Shiokawa Y. Synergistic cytotoxicity through the activation of multiple apoptosis pathways in human glioma cells induced by combined treatment with ionizing radiation and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand. J Neurosurg 2007; 106:407-16. [PMID: 17367063 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2007.106.3.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Object
Malignant gliomas remain incurable despite modern multimodality treatments. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo2L, a member of the TNF family, preferentially induces apoptosis in human tumor cells through its cognate death receptors DR4 or DR5, suggesting that it may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for intractable malignant gliomas. Here, the authors show that genotoxic ionizing radiation synergistically enhances TRAIL-induced cell death in human glioma cells expressing DR5.
Methods
Combination treatment with soluble human TRAIL plus radiation induced robust cell death, while each of them singly led to only limited cytotoxicity. The combination resulted in cleavage and activation of the apoptotic initiator caspase-8 and the effector caspase-3 as well as cleavage of Bid and another initiator caspase-9, a downstream component of the apoptosome. Accordingly, it augmented the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, as well as apoptosis-inducing factor. Synergistic cell death was suppressed by TRAIL-neutralizing DR5-Fc, caspase inhibitors, expression of dominant-negative Fasassociated protein with death domain and CrmA, which selectively blocks caspase-8, and overexpression of Bcl-XL. Finally, combination treatment had no influence on the viability of normal human astrocytes.
Conclusions
These results suggest that combination treatment with TRAIL and ionizing radiation kills human glioma cells through the activation of DR5-mediated death receptor pathways. This therapy involves direct activation of effector caspases as well as mitochondria-mediated pathways and provides a novel strategy in which TRAIL could be synergistically combined with DNA-damaging radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
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Teraishi F, Zhang L, Guo W, Dong F, Davis JJ, Lin A, Fang B. Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase is required for gemcitabine's cytotoxic effect in human lung cancer H1299 cells. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:6681-7. [PMID: 16307741 PMCID: PMC1351098 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is a potent therapeutic agent in the treatment of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resistance to gemcitabine is common. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in acquired gemcitabine resistance against NSCLC cells. Gemcitabine-resistant NSCLC H1299 cells (H1299/GR) were selected by long-term exposure of parental H1299 cells to gemcitabine. The median inhibitory concentrations of gemcitabine in H1299 and H1299/GR cells were 19.4 and 233.1 nM, respectively. Gemcitabine induced activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in parental H1299 cells but not in H1299/GR cells after 48 h. Blocking JNK activation by pretreatment with SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, or by transfection with dominant-negative JNK vectors abrogated gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in parental H1299 cells as evidenced by interruption of caspase activation. Transient transfection with a JNKK2-JNK1 plasmid expressing constitutive JNK1 partially restored the effect of gemcitabine in H1299/GR cells. Our results indicate that gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in human NSCLC H1299 cells requires activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Attenuated JNK activation may contribute to development of acquired gemcitabine resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Teraishi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - John J. Davis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
- *Corresponding author: B. Fang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Unit 445, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tel: +1713 563 9147; Fax: +1713 794 4901; e-mail:
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Schimmel K, Bennink R, de Bruin K, Leen R, Sand K, van den Hoff M, van Kuilenburg A, Vanderheyden JL, Steinmetz N, Pfaffendorf M, Verschuur A, Guchelaar HJ. Absence of cardiotoxicity of the experimental cytotoxic drug cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC) in rats. Arch Toxicol 2005; 79:268-76. [PMID: 15902424 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The experimental anticancer drug cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC) was associated with cardiotoxicity in a phase I study. The aim of the present study was twofold; first we investigated whether the observed effects could be reproduced in in-vitro and in-vivo rat models. Second, we intended to investigate the underlying mechanism of the possible cardiotoxicity of CPEC. Effects on frequency and contractility were studied on the isolated atria of 18 male Wistar rats. Atria were incubated with 0.1 mmol L(-1) (n = 6) or 1 mmol L(-1) (n = 6) CPEC for 1.5 h and compared with control atria (incubation with buffer solution, n = 6). The cardiac apoptosis-inducing potential was studied in-vivo on 66 rats by 99mTc-Annexin V scintigraphy, followed by postmortem determination of radioactivity in tissues, histological confirmation with the TUNEL assay (late-phase apoptosis), and immunohistochemical staining for cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C (early-phase apoptosis). Serum levels of the necrotic cardiomyopathy marker troponin T were also determined. No effect on heart frequency was found in the isolated atria after CPEC treatment. A trend towards a decrease of contraction force was observed. However, the differences were not statistically significant. 99mTc-Annexin V scintigraphy showed no increase in cardiac uptake ratio upon CPEC treatment in the in-vivo rat model, which was confirmed by determination of radioactivity in heart versus blood ratios. At each section a few individual isolated late apoptotic cells (< 5) could be identified by the TUNEL assay in the highest CPEC dose group (90 mg kg(-1)) but not in controls or in rats treated with 60 mg kg(-1) CPEC. Staining for the early apoptosis markers cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C did not reveal any significant differences between treated and control rats. Cardiac troponin T levels were not increased after CPEC treatment. CPEC does not affect heart frequency or contraction force in our cardiotoxicity models. Moreover, we did not find an indication of CPEC-induced apoptosis in heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Schimmel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Postbox 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ciusani E, Croci D, Gelati M, Calatozzolo C, Sciacca F, Fumagalli L, Balzarotti M, Fariselli L, Boiardi A, Salmaggi A. In vitro effects of topotecan and ionizing radiation on TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated apoptosis in malignant glioma. J Neurooncol 2005; 71:19-25. [PMID: 15719269 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-004-9180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The survival of patients with malignant gliomas is still unsatisfactory despite multimodality treatment, therefore new therapeutic strategies are required. Tumor necrosis factor apoptosis related ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, may induce apoptotic cell death in several tumors, but not in normal cells, upon binding with specific receptors. In the present study, the expression and function of TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) has been investigated in five human glioma cell lines (U87, U138, U373, A172, SW1783) in ex vivo tumors and in primary cultures obtained from the tumors. Our data show that gliomas preferentially express TRAIL R2 and that treatment with topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, significantly up-regulates its expression as detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Moreover, in most cases, treatment with topotecan resulted in an increased sensitivity to TRAIL-dependent apoptosis, although cyclohexymide had to be added to induce apoptosis. On glioma cell lines, the effects of irradiation on TRAIL receptors were also analysed. In our experimental conditions, irradiation with 2 Gy had a modest additive effect on TRAIL-dependent apoptosis and was not able to modulate TRAIL receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ciusani
- Department of Clinical Investigation, National Neurological Institute C. Besta, Via Celoria, Milan, Italy.
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Huang J, Wu L, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Bcl-2 Up-Regulation and P-p53 Down-Regulation Account for the Low Sensitivity of Murine L929 Fibrosarcoma Cells to Oridonin-Induced Apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:2068-74. [PMID: 16272691 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has been a major limitation to chemotherapy. There are many mechanisms that contribute to such resistance. In our study, we subcloned oridonin-sensitive and low sensitive L929 cells and both types of cells grew at almost the same growth rate. The acquired low sensitivity to oridonin-induced apoptosis was associated with Bcl-2 up-regulation and down-regulation of p53 phosphorylation. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 decreased Bcl-2 expression in the low sensitive L929 cells and made the cells more sensitive to oridonin. Moreover, a higher dose of oridonin promoted p53 phosphorylation, increased Bax expression and subsequently induced death of low sensitive L929 cells, however, it had no effect on Bcl-2 expression. The increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio in oridonin low sensitive L929 cells did not inhibit caspase-9 or -3 activation, but suppressed the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), indicating the existence of caspase-9 or -3 independent PARP activation. These results indicated that in L929 cells, there was a relationship among the low sensitivity to oridonin, down-regulation of p53 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.R.China
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Effect ofPleurotus ferulae extracts on viability of human lung cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02933057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Itzhaki O, Kaptzan T, Skutelsky E, Sinai J, Michowitz M, Siegal A, Schibi G, Huszar M, Ben-Dor L, Leibovici J. Age-adjusted antitumoral therapy based on the demonstration of increased apoptosis as a mechanism underlying the reduced malignancy of tumors in the aged. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2004; 1688:145-59. [PMID: 14990345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In view of the constant increase in the aged population, age-adjusted cancer therapy becomes an urgent target. Although cancer incidence rises with age, paradoxically, growth rate and metastasis often proceed at a slower rate in the aged. Determining the mechanism(s) underlying this reduced tumor progression in the old might have implications for a rational design of age-adjusted therapy. Thus far, decreased cell proliferation or immune response modifications were suggested as possible mechanisms. We show here that an increased tendency to apoptotic tumor cell death in the aged could constitute an additional mechanism. Based on this mechanism, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of two apoptosis inducers, hydrocortisone and adriamycin, on AKR lymphoma and B16 melanoma growth in young and old mice. Treatment with hydrocortisone acetate inhibited tumor growth practically only in old mice in the two tumor systems. Similar effects were obtained with adriamycin treatment of AKR lymphoma but opposite results were seen with B16 melanoma. We thus demonstrated, in three of the four tumor-therapeutic modality systems examined, an age-related antitumoral efficacy of two apoptosis-inducing agents, with tendency for a remarkably more pronounced effect in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Itzhaki
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Vladan B, Milićević Z, Biljana PS, Nedeljkovic-Kurepa A. Apoptotic versus genotoxic potential of anti-tumor agents: a concept of duality in unity. Med Hypotheses 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Lewis ML. The cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and gene expression in T lymphocytes and other mammalian cells exposed to altered gravity. ADVANCES IN SPACE BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2003; 8:77-128. [PMID: 12951694 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-2574(02)08016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Kim PKM, Park SY, Koty PP, Hua Y, Luketich JD, Billiar TR. Fas-associating death domain protein overexpression induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125:1336-42. [PMID: 12830053 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(02)73227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-small cell lung cancers commonly develop resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, and they often present at stages beyond surgical resectability. Because current treatment modalities are inadequate, novel therapies are necessary to reduce the effects of the increasing incidence in pulmonary neoplasms. Fas-associating death domain protein is a central mediator of death receptor-initiated apoptosis that directly activates the caspase-8 protease. We hypothesized that overexpression of Fas-associating death domain protein would effectively eradicate lung cancer cells by induction of apoptosis. METHODS Cultured A549 alveolar carcinoma and NCI-H226 squamous carcinoma cells were exposed to increasing multiplicities of infection of a replication-deficient, adenoviral vector that expresses the wild-type murine Fas-associating death domain protein gene or control virus for 4 hours. Twenty-four hours later, cells were assessed for viability by crystal violet staining and caspase activation by microscopic analysis. Protein lysates were examined by Western blotting for expression of Fas-associating death domain protein and activated caspase-8. RESULTS Adenoviral infection with the wild-type murine Fas-associating death domain protein gene in A549 cells resulted in a dose-dependent expression of Fas-associating death domain protein and the appearance of cleaved, activated caspase-8. Increasing multiplicities of infection of the wild-type murine Fas-associating death domain protein gene, but not control adenovirus, was associated with increased cell death in A549 and NCI-H226 cells. The wild-type murine Fas-associating death domain protein gene infection of A549 cells at multiplicities of infection of 50 induced at least 10-fold increase in Fas-associating death domain protein levels and decreased viability by > 50% (n = 3; P <.001). CONCLUSION Overexpression of Fas-associating death domain protein induced dose-dependent cell death in A549 and NCI-H226 lung epithelial cancer cells. Expression of Fas-associating death domain protein results in activation of caspases, a hallmark of apoptosis. Delivery of the wild-type murine Fas-associating death domain protein gene to drug- and radiation-resistant lung cancer may be a novel method for therapy of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K M Kim
- Department of Surgery Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Beckerbauer L, Tepe JJ, Eastman RA, Mixter PF, Williams RM, Reeves R. Differential effects of FR900482 and FK317 on apoptosis, IL-2 gene expression, and induction of vascular leak syndrome. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:427-41. [PMID: 11983332 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular leak syndrome (VLS) is a harmful side effect that resulted in withdrawal of the antitumor drug FR900482, but not FK317, from clinical trials. Here we present chromatin immunoprecipitation data showing that FK317, like FR900482, crosslinks minor-groove binding proteins to DNA in vivo. However, these drugs differ in how they induce cell death. We demonstrate that, whereas FR900482 induces necrosis, FK317 induces a necrosis-to-apoptosis switch that is drug concentration dependent. Northern blot analyses of drug-treated cells suggest that this "switch" is mediated, at least in part, by modulation of the expression levels of Bcl-2. Additionally, FR900482, in contrast to FK317, induces the expression of known elicitors of both Bcl-2 gene expression and VLS. These findings provide plausible explanations for why these structurally similar drugs have different biological effects, especially with respect to VLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Beckerbauer
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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