1
|
Hartman ME. Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023; 43:393-403. [PMID: 37243413 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O2 Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal-to-noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances >3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m-2 ) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O2 Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O2 Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Hartman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eleveld N, Esquivel-Franco DC, Drost G, Absalom AR, Zeebregts CJ, de Vries JPPM, Elting JWJ, Maurits NM. The Influence of Extracerebral Tissue on Continuous Wave Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Adults: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082776. [PMID: 37109113 PMCID: PMC10146120 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique for measuring regional tissue haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and oxygen saturation (rSO2). It may be used to monitor cerebral perfusion and oxygenation in patients at risk of cerebral ischemia or hypoxia, for example, during cardiothoracic or carotid surgery. However, extracerebral tissue (mainly scalp and skull tissue) influences NIRS measurements, and the extent of this influence is not clear. Thus, before more widespread use of NIRS as an intraoperative monitoring modality is warranted, this issue needs to be better understood. We therefore conducted a systematic review of published in vivo studies of the influence of extracerebral tissue on NIRS measurements in the adult population. Studies that used reference techniques for the perfusion of the intra- and extracerebral tissues or that selectively altered the intra- or extracerebral perfusion were included. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were of sufficient quality. In 14 articles, Hb concentrations were compared directly with measurements from reference techniques, using correlation coefficients. When the intracerebral perfusion was altered, the correlations between Hb concentrations and intracerebral reference technique measurements ranged between |r| = 0.45-0.88. When the extracerebral perfusion was altered, correlations between Hb concentrations and extracerebral reference technique measurements ranged between |r| = 0.22-0.93. In studies without selective perfusion modification, correlations of Hb with intra- and extracerebral reference technique measurements were generally lower (|r| < 0.52). Five articles studied rSO2. There were varying correlations of rSO2 with both intra- and extracerebral reference technique measurements (intracerebral: |r| = 0.18-0.77, extracerebral: |r| = 0.13-0.81). Regarding study quality, details on the domains, participant selection and flow and timing were often unclear. We conclude that extracerebral tissue indeed influences NIRS measurements, although the evidence (i.e., correlation) for this influence varies considerably across the assessed studies. These results are strongly affected by the study protocols and analysis techniques used. Studies employing multiple protocols and reference techniques for both intra- and extracerebral tissues are therefore needed. To quantitatively compare NIRS with intra- and extracerebral reference techniques, we recommend applying a complete regression analysis. The current uncertainty regarding the influence of extracerebral tissue remains a hurdle in the clinical implementation of NIRS for intraoperative monitoring. The protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020199053).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Eleveld
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C Esquivel-Franco
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Drost
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony R Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clark J Zeebregts
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul P M de Vries
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem J Elting
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natasha M Maurits
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schecklmann M, Mann A, Langguth B, Ehlis AC, Fallgatter AJ, Haeussinger FB. The Temporal Muscle of the Head Can Cause Artifacts in Optical Imaging Studies with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:456. [PMID: 28966580 PMCID: PMC5605559 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracranial signals are the main source of noise in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as light is penetrating the cortex but also skin and muscles of the head. Aim: Here we performed three experiments to investigate the contamination of fNIRS measurements by temporal muscle activity. Material and methods: For experiment 1, we provoked temporal muscle activity by instructing 31 healthy subjects to clench their teeth three times. We measured fNIRS signals over left temporal and frontal channels with an interoptode distance of 3 cm, in one short optode distance (SOD) channel (1 cm) and electromyography (EMG) over the edge of the temporal muscle. In experiment 2, we screened resting state fNIRS-fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) data of one healthy subject for temporal muscle artifacts. In experiment 3, we screened a dataset of sound-evoked activity (n = 33) using bi-temporal probe-sets and systematically contrasted subjects presenting vs. not presenting artifacts and blocks/events contaminated or not contaminated with artifacts. Results: In experiment 1, we could demonstrate a hemodynamic-response-like increase in oxygenated (O2Hb) and decrease in deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin with a large amplitude and large spatial extent highly exceeding normal cortical activity. Correlations between EMG, SOD, and fNIRS artifact activity showed only limited evidence for associations on a group level with rather clear associations in a sub-group of subjects. The fNIRS-fMRI experiment showed that during the temporal muscle artifact, fNIRS is completely saturated by muscle oxygenation. Experiment 3 showed hints for contamination of sound-evoked oxygenation by the temporal muscle artifact. This was of low relevance in analyzing the whole sample. Discussion: Temporal muscle activity e.g., by clenching the teeth induces a large hemodynamic-like artifact in fNIRS measurements which should be avoided by specific subject instructions. Data should be screened for this artifact might be corrected by exclusion of contaminated blocks/events. The usefulness of established artifact correction methods should be evaluated in future studies. Conclusion: Temporal muscle activity, e.g., by clenching the teeth is one major source of noise in fNIRS measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Florian B. Haeussinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychophysiology and Optical Imaging, University Hospital of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tachtsidis I, Scholkmann F. False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:031405. [PMID: 27054143 PMCID: PMC4791590 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.3.031405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We highlight a significant problem that needs to be considered and addressed when performing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies, namely the possibility of inadvertently measuring fNIRS hemodynamic responses that are not due to neurovascular coupling. These can be misinterpreted as brain activity, i.e., "false positives" (errors caused by wrongly assigning a detected hemodynamic response to functional brain activity), or mask brain activity, i.e., "false negatives" (errors caused by wrongly assigning a not observed hemodynamic response in the presence of functional brain activity). Here, we summarize the possible physiological origins of these issues and suggest ways to avoid and remove them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, Malet Place Engineering Building, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Address all correspondence to: Felix Scholkmann, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tachtsidis I, Scholkmann F. False positives and false negatives in functional near-infrared spectroscopy: issues, challenges, and the way forward. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016. [PMID: 27054143 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.3.030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We highlight a significant problem that needs to be considered and addressed when performing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies, namely the possibility of inadvertently measuring fNIRS hemodynamic responses that are not due to neurovascular coupling. These can be misinterpreted as brain activity, i.e., "false positives" (errors caused by wrongly assigning a detected hemodynamic response to functional brain activity), or mask brain activity, i.e., "false negatives" (errors caused by wrongly assigning a not observed hemodynamic response in the presence of functional brain activity). Here, we summarize the possible physiological origins of these issues and suggest ways to avoid and remove them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London , Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, Malet Place Engineering Building, WC1E 6BT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich , Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Frauenklinikstr. 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sutoko S, Sato H, Maki A, Kiguchi M, Hirabayashi Y, Atsumori H, Obata A, Funane T, Katura T. Tutorial on platform for optical topography analysis tools. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:010801. [PMID: 26788547 PMCID: PMC4707558 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.1.010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical topography/functional near-infrared spectroscopy (OT/fNIRS) is a functional imaging technique that noninvasively measures cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes caused by neural activities. The fNIRS method has been extensively implemented to understand the brain activity in many applications, such as neurodisorder diagnosis and treatment, cognitive psychology, and psychiatric status evaluation. To assist users in analyzing fNIRS data with various application purposes, we developed a software called platform for optical topography analysis tools (POTATo). We explain how to handle and analyze fNIRS data in the POTATo package and systematically describe domain preparation, temporal preprocessing, functional signal extraction, statistical analysis, and data/result visualization for a practical example of working memory tasks. This example is expected to give clear insight in analyzing data using POTATo. The results specifically show the activated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is consistent with previous studies. This emphasizes analysis robustness, which is required for validating decent preprocessing and functional signal interpretation. POTATo also provides a self-developed plug-in feature allowing users to create their own functions and incorporate them with established POTATo functions. With this feature, we continuously encourage users to improve fNIRS analysis methods. We also address the complications and resolving opportunities in signal analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sutoko
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maki
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hirabayashi
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Atsumori
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Takusige Katura
- Hitachi Ltd., Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
- Address all correspondence to: Takusige Katura, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rizki EE, Uga M, Dan I, Dan H, Tsuzuki D, Yokota H, Oguro K, Watanabe E. Determination of epileptic focus side in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using long-term noninvasive fNIRS/EEG monitoring for presurgical evaluation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:025003. [PMID: 26158007 PMCID: PMC4478938 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.2.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive localization of an epileptogenic zone is a fundamental step for presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients. Here, we applied long-term simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)/electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring for focus diagnosis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Six MTLE patients underwent long-term (8-16 h per day for 4 days) fNIRS/EEG monitoring for the occurrence of spontaneous seizures. Four spontaneous seizures were successfully recorded out of the six patients. To determine oxy-Hb amplitude, the period-average values of oxy-Hb across 20 s from the EEG- or clinically defined epileptic onset were calculated for both hemispheres from the simultaneously recorded fNIRS data. The average oxy-Hb values for the temporal lobe at the earlier EEG- or clinically defined epileptic onsets were greater for the epileptic side than for the contralateral side after EEG activity suppression, spike train, and clinical seizure in all four cases. The true laterality was determined based on the relief of seizures by selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. Thus, oxy-Hb amplitude could be a reliable measure for determining the epileptic focus side. Long-term simultaneous fNIRS/EEG measurement serves as an effective tool for recording spontaneous seizures. Cerebral hemodynamic measurement by fNIRS would serve as a valuable supplementary noninvasive measurement method for presurgical evaluation of MTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmi Edison Rizki
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Minako Uga
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Chuo University, Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Chuo University, Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Haruka Dan
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Chuo University, Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Chuo University, Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yokota
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Keiji Oguro
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Eiju Watanabe
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Jichi Medical University, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Address all correspondence to: Eiju Watanabe, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanaka Y, Ebihara A, Ikota M, Yamaguro T, Kamochi H, Kusaka G, Ishikawa M, Konno T, Mashiko T, Watanabe E. Early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia in cerebral vasospasm by oxygen-pulse near-infrared optical topography. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2015; 120:269-74. [PMID: 25366635 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04981-6_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of vasospasm is a key factor in the choice of treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, a noninvasive method of diagnosing delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND) has not been established. We therefore propose a new method of diagnosing cerebral ischemia using near-infrared optical topography (OT) with oxygen inhalation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a 44-channel OT system that covers the bilateral front otemporoparietal areas to assess 29 patients who underwent surgery within 72 h of the onset of SAH. The patients inhaled room air followed by oxygen for 2 min, and then peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) was continuously monitored at the index fingertip. The patients were assessed by N-isopropyl-p-[¹²³I]iodoamphetamine (IMP)-SPECT and OT on the same day. Ischemic findings were confirmed using principal component analysis with reference to the systemic SpO₂value. RESULTS Seven of 29 patients developed DIND. Evidence of ischemia was identified by OT in all seven of these patients before the onset of DIND. The OT and SPECT findings agreed in 27 (93 %) of the 29 patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our method might detect cerebral ischemia before the onset of DIND and thus be clinically useful for assessing cerebral ischemia with vasospasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama-Ken, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Funane T, Sato H, Yahata N, Takizawa R, Nishimura Y, Kinoshita A, Katura T, Atsumori H, Fukuda M, Kasai K, Koizumi H, Kiguchi M. Concurrent fNIRS-fMRI measurement to validate a method for separating deep and shallow fNIRS signals by using multidistance optodes. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:015003. [PMID: 26157983 PMCID: PMC4478864 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal can be contaminated by extracerebral contributions. Many algorithms using multidistance separations to address this issue have been proposed, but their spatial separation performance has rarely been validated with simultaneous measurements of fNIRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We previously proposed a method for discriminating between deep and shallow contributions in fNIRS signals, referred to as the multidistance independent component analysis (MD-ICA) method. In this study, to validate the MD-ICA method from the spatial aspect, multidistance fNIRS, fMRI, and laser-Doppler-flowmetry signals were simultaneously obtained for 12 healthy adult males during three tasks. The fNIRS signal was separated into deep and shallow signals by using the MD-ICA method, and the correlation between the waveforms of the separated fNIRS signals and the gray matter blood oxygenation level-dependent signals was analyzed. A three-way analysis of variance ([Formula: see text]) indicated that the main effect of fNIRS signal depth on the correlation is significant [[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]]. This result indicates that the MD-ICA method successfully separates fNIRS signals into spatially deep and shallow signals, and the accuracy and reliability of the fNIRS signal will be improved with the method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
- Address all correspondence to: Tsukasa Funane, E-mail:
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Youth Mental Health, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takusige Katura
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Atsumori
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Koizumi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Funane T, Homae F, Watanabe H, Kiguchi M, Taga G. Greater contribution of cerebral than extracerebral hemodynamics to near-infrared spectroscopy signals for functional activation and resting-state connectivity in infants. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:025003. [PMID: 26157977 PMCID: PMC4478757 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.2.025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been increasingly applied to neuroimaging and functional connectivity studies in infants, it has not been quantitatively examined as to what extent the deep tissue (such as cerebral tissue) as opposed to shallow tissue (such as scalp), contributes to NIRS signals measured in infants. A method for separating the effects of deep- and shallow-tissue layers was applied to data of nine sleeping three-month-old infants who had been exposed to 3-s speech sounds or silence (i.e., resting state) and whose hemodynamic changes over their bilateral temporal cortices had been measured by using an NIRS system with multiple source-detector (S-D) distances. The deep-layer contribution was found to be large during resting [67% at S-D 20 mm, 78% at S-D 30 mm for oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb)] as well as during the speech condition (72% at S-D 20 mm, 82% at S-D 30 mm for oxy-Hb). A left-right connectivity analysis showed that correlation coefficients between left and right channels did not differ between original- and deep-layer signals under no-stimulus conditions and that of original- and deep-layer signals were larger than those of the shallow layer. These results suggest that NIRS signals obtained in infants with appropriate S-D distances largely reflected cerebral hemodynamic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350–0395, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Language Sciences, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hama Watanabe
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Education, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Kiguchi
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350–0395, Japan
| | - Gentaro Taga
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Education, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagashima M, Monden Y, Dan I, Dan H, Tsuzuki D, Mizutani T, Kyutoku Y, Gunji Y, Momoi MY, Watanabe E, Yamagata T. Neuropharmacological effect of methylphenidate on attention network in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during oddball paradigms as assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:015001. [PMID: 26157971 PMCID: PMC4478959 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.1.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the neural substrate for methylphenidate effects on attentional control in school-aged children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which can be applied to young children with ADHD more easily than conventional neuroimaging modalities. Using fNIRS, we monitored the oxy-hemoglobin signal changes of 22 ADHD children (6 to 14 years old) performing an oddball task before and 1.5 h after methylphenidate or placebo administration, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Twenty-two age- and gender-matched normal controls without methylphenidate administration were also monitored. In the control subjects, the oddball task recruited the right prefrontal and inferior parietal cortices, and this activation was absent in premedicated ADHD children. The reduced right prefrontal activation was normalized after methylphenidate but not placebo administration in ADHD children. These results are consistent with the neuropharmacological effects of methylphenidate to upregulate the dopamine system in the prefrontal cortex innervating from the ventral tegmentum (mesocortical pathway), but not the noradrenergic system from the parietal cortex to the locus coeruleus. Thus, right prefrontal activation would serve as an objective neurofunctional biomarker to indicate the effectiveness of methylphenidate on ADHD children in attentional control. fNIRS monitoring enhances early clinical diagnosis and the treatment of ADHD children, especially those with an inattention phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nagashima
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Monden
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Address all correspondence to: Yukifumi Monden, E-mail:
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Chuo University, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Haruka Dan
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Chuo University, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizutani
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Jichi Medical University, Functional Brain Science Laboratory, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kyutoku
- Chuo University, Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Gunji
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Department of Pediatrics, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Mariko Y. Momoi
- International University of Health and Welfare, Department of Pediatrics, 537-3 Iguchi, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Eiju Watanabe
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Jichi Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogoh S, Sato K, Okazaki K, Miyamoto T, Secher F, Sørensen H, Rasmussen P, Secher NH. A decrease in spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy-determined frontal lobe tissue oxygenation by phenylephrine reflects reduced skin blood flow. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:823-9. [PMID: 24651237 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy-determined frontal lobe tissue oxygenation (ScO2) is reduced with administration of phenylephrine, while cerebral blood flow may remain unaffected. We hypothesized that extracranial vasoconstriction explains the effect of phenylephrine on ScO2. METHODS We measured ScO2 and internal and external carotid as well as vertebral artery blood flow in 7 volunteers (25 [SD 4] years) by duplex ultrasonography during IV infusion of phenylephrine, together with middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity, forehead skin blood flow, and mean arterial blood pressure. RESULTS During phenylephrine infusion, mean arterial blood pressure increased, while ScO2 decreased by -19% ± 3% (mean ± SE; P = 0.0005). External carotid artery (-27.5% ± 3.0%) and skin blood flow (-25.4% ± 7.8%) decreased in response to phenylephrine administration, and there was a relationship between ScO2 and forehead skin blood flow (Pearson r = 0.55, P = 0.042, 95% confidence interval [CI], = 0.025-0.84; Spearman r = 0.81, P < 0.001, 95% CI, 0.49-0.94) and external carotid artery conductance (Pearson r = 0.62, P = 0.019, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.86; Spearman r = 0.64, P = 0.012, 95% CI, 0.17-0.88). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a phenylephrine-induced decrease in ScO2, as determined by INVOS-4100 near-infrared spectroscopy, reflects vasoconstriction in the extracranial vasculature rather than a decrease in cerebral oxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- From the *Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe-Shi, Saitama; †Research Institute of Physical Fitness, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo; ‡Department of Environmental Physiology for Exercise, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; §Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan; ‖Department of Anesthesia, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and ¶Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sato H, Yahata N, Funane T, Takizawa R, Katura T, Atsumori H, Nishimura Y, Kinoshita A, Kiguchi M, Koizumi H, Fukuda M, Kasai K. A NIRS–fMRI investigation of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task. Neuroimage 2013; 83:158-73. [PMID: 23792984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kolyva C, Ghosh A, Tachtsidis I, Highton D, Cooper CE, Smith M, Elwell CE. Cytochrome c oxidase response to changes in cerebral oxygen delivery in the adult brain shows higher brain-specificity than haemoglobin. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:234-44. [PMID: 23707584 PMCID: PMC3898943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox state of cerebral mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (Δ[oxCCO]) is a signal with strong potential as a non-invasive, bedside biomarker of cerebral metabolic status. We hypothesised that the higher mitochondrial density of brain compared to skin and skull would lead to evidence of brain-specificity of the Δ[oxCCO] signal when measured with a multi-distance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system. Measurements of Δ[oxCCO] as well as of concentration changes in oxygenated (Δ[HbO2]) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) were taken at multiple source-detector distances during systemic hypoxia and hypocapnia (decrease in cerebral oxygen delivery), and hyperoxia and hypercapnia (increase in cerebral oxygen delivery) from 15 adult healthy volunteers. Increasing source-detector spacing is associated with increasing light penetration depth and thus higher sensitivity to cerebral changes. An increase in Δ[oxCCO] was observed during the challenges that increased cerebral oxygen delivery and the opposite was observed when cerebral oxygen delivery decreased. A consistent pattern of statistically significant increasing amplitude of the Δ[oxCCO] response with increasing light penetration depth was observed in all four challenges, a behaviour that was distinctly different from that of the haemoglobin chromophores, which did not show this statistically significant depth gradient. This depth-dependence of the Δ[oxCCO] signal corroborates the notion of higher concentrations of CCO being present in cerebral tissue compared to extracranial components and highlights the value of NIRS-derived Δ[oxCCO] as a brain-specific signal of cerebral metabolism, superior in this aspect to haemoglobin. NIRS was used to measure oxidised cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) in healthy brain. Δ[oxCCO] changed in the same direction as changes in cerebral oxygen delivery. Magnitude of Δ[oxCCO] response increased with increasing light penetration depth. Corresponding haemoglobin changes showed no dependence on light penetration depth. NIRS-measured Δ[oxCCO] has higher brain specificity than haemoglobin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kolyva
- Dept. of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Funane T, Atsumori H, Katura T, Obata AN, Sato H, Tanikawa Y, Okada E, Kiguchi M. Quantitative evaluation of deep and shallow tissue layers' contribution to fNIRS signal using multi-distance optodes and independent component analysis. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:150-65. [PMID: 23439443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify the effect of absorption changes in the deep tissue (cerebral) and shallow tissue (scalp, skin) layers on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals, a method using multi-distance (MD) optodes and independent component analysis (ICA), referred to as the MD-ICA method, is proposed. In previous studies, when the signal from the shallow tissue layer (shallow signal) needs to be eliminated, it was often assumed that the shallow signal had no correlation with the signal from the deep tissue layer (deep signal). In this study, no relationship between the waveforms of deep and shallow signals is assumed, and instead, it is assumed that both signals are linear combinations of multiple signal sources, which allows the inclusion of a "shared component" (such as systemic signals) that is contained in both layers. The method also assumes that the partial optical path length of the shallow layer does not change, whereas that of the deep layer linearly increases along with the increase of the source-detector (S-D) distance. Deep- and shallow-layer contribution ratios of each independent component (IC) are calculated using the dependence of the weight of each IC on the S-D distance. Reconstruction of deep- and shallow-layer signals are performed by the sum of ICs weighted by the deep and shallow contribution ratio. Experimental validation of the principle of this technique was conducted using a dynamic phantom with two absorbing layers. Results showed that our method is effective for evaluating deep-layer contributions even if there are high correlations between deep and shallow signals. Next, we applied the method to fNIRS signals obtained on a human head with 5-, 15-, and 30-mm S-D distances during a verbal fluency task, a verbal working memory task (prefrontal area), a finger tapping task (motor area), and a tetrametric visual checker-board task (occipital area) and then estimated the deep-layer contribution ratio. To evaluate the signal separation performance of our method, we used the correlation coefficients of a laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) signal and a nearest 5-mm S-D distance channel signal with the shallow signal. We demonstrated that the shallow signals have a higher temporal correlation with the LDF signals and with the 5-mm S-D distance channel than the deep signals. These results show the MD-ICA method can discriminate between deep and shallow signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Obayashi S, Hara Y. Hypofrontal activity during word retrieval in older adults: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Neuropsychologia 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
17
|
Kolyva C, Tachtsidis I, Ghosh A, Moroz T, Cooper CE, Smith M, Elwell CE. Systematic investigation of changes in oxidized cerebral cytochrome c oxidase concentration during frontal lobe activation in healthy adults. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2550-66. [PMID: 23082295 PMCID: PMC3469997 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Using transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure changes in the redox state of cerebral cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) during functional activation in healthy adults is hampered by instrumentation and algorithm issues. This study reports the Δ[oxCCO] response measured in such a setting and investigates possible confounders of this measurement. Continuous frontal lobe NIRS measurements were collected from 11 healthy volunteers during a 6-minute anagram-solving task, using a hybrid optical spectrometer (pHOS) that combines multi-distance frequency and broadband components. Only data sets showing a hemodynamic response consistent with functional activation were interrogated for a Δ[oxCCO] response. Simultaneous systemic monitoring data were also available. Possible influences on the Δ[oxCCO] response were systematically investigated and there was no effect of: 1) wavelength range chosen for fitting the measured attenuation spectra; 2) constant or measured, with the pHOS in real-time, differential pathlength factor; 3) systemic hemodynamic changes during functional activation; 4) changes in optical scattering during functional activation. The Δ[oxCCO] response measured in the presence of functional activation was heterogeneous, with the majority of subjects showing significant increase in oxidation, but others having a decrease. We conclude that the heterogeneity in the Δ[oxCCO] response is physiological and not induced by confounding factors in the measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kolyva
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University College London Hospitals,
London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tracy Moroz
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chris E. Cooper
- Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ,
UK
| | - Martin Smith
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University College London Hospitals,
London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University College London,
London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Funane T, Atsumori H, Kiguchi M, Tanikawa Y, Okada E. Dynamic phantom with two stage-driven absorbers for mimicking hemoglobin changes in superficial and deep tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:047001. [PMID: 22559692 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.4.047001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for monitoring brain activity and cerebral functional connectivity, the effect of superficial tissue on NIRS signals needs to be considered. Although some methods for determining the effect of scalp and brain have been proposed, direct validation of the methods has been difficult because the actual absorption changes cannot be known. In response to this problem, we developed a dynamic phantom that mimics hemoglobin changes in superficial and deep tissues, thus allowing us to experimentally validate the methods. Two absorber layers are independently driven with two one-axis automatic stages. We can use the phantom to design any type of waveform (e.g., brain activity or systemic fluctuation) of absorption change, which can then be reproducibly measured. To determine the effectiveness of the phantom, we used it for a multiple source-detector distance measurement. We also investigated the performance of a subtraction method with a short-distance regressor. The most accurate lower-layer change was obtained when a shortest-distance channel was used. Furthermore, when an independent component analysis was applied to the same data, the extracted components were in good agreement with the actual signals. These results demonstrate that the proposed phantom can be used for evaluating methods of discriminating the effects of superficial tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Funane
- Hitachi Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Näsi T, Virtanen J, Noponen T, Toppila J, Salmi T, Ilmoniemi RJ. Spontaneous hemodynamic oscillations during human sleep and sleep stage transitions characterized with near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25415. [PMID: 22043284 PMCID: PMC3197192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between the nervous system and cerebral vasculature is fundamental to forming a complete picture of the neurophysiology of sleep and its role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, the intrinsic hemodynamics of slow-wave sleep (SWS) are still poorly known. We carried out 30 all-night sleep measurements with combined near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and polysomnography to investigate spontaneous hemodynamic behavior in SWS compared to light (LS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM). In particular, we concentrated on slow oscillations (3-150 mHz) in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, and the pulsation amplitude of the photoplethysmographic signal. We also analyzed the behavior of these variables during sleep stage transitions. The results indicate that slow spontaneous cortical and systemic hemodynamic activity is reduced in SWS compared to LS, REM, and wakefulness. This behavior may be explained by neuronal synchronization observed in electrophysiological studies of SWS and a reduction in autonomic nervous system activity. Also, sleep stage transitions are asymmetric, so that the SWS-to-LS and LS-to-REM transitions, which are associated with an increase in the complexity of cortical electrophysiological activity, are characterized by more dramatic hemodynamic changes than the opposite transitions. Thus, it appears that while the onset of SWS and termination of REM occur only as gradual processes over time, the termination of SWS and onset of REM may be triggered more abruptly by a particular physiological event or condition. The results suggest that scalp hemodynamic changes should be considered alongside cortical hemodynamic changes in NIRS sleep studies to assess the interaction between the autonomic and central nervous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Näsi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Virtanen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Noponen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Toppila
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Salmi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto J. Ilmoniemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science (BECS), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sawosz P, Kacprzak M, Zolek N, Weigl W, Wojtkiewicz S, Maniewski R, Liebert A. Optical system based on time-gated, intensified charge-coupled device camera for brain imaging studies. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:066025. [PMID: 21198199 DOI: 10.1117/1.3523366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An imaging system for brain oxygenation based on a time-gated, intensified charge-coupled device camera was developed. It allows one to image diffusely reflected light from an investigated medium at defined time windows delayed with respect to the laser pulse. Applying a fast optomechanical switch to deliver the light at a wavelength of 780 nm to nine source fibers allowed one to acquire images in times as short as 4 s. Thus, the system can be applied in in vivo studies. The system was validated in phantom experiments, in which absorbing inclusions were localized at different depths and different lateral positions. Then, the decrease in absorption of the brain tissue related to increase in oxygenation was visualized in the motor cortex area during finger tapping by a healthy volunteer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sawosz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw 02-109, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Noponen TEJ, Kotilahti K, Nissilä I, Kajava T, Meriläinen PT. Effects of improper source coupling in frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:2941-60. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/10/010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Correlation of visual-evoked hemodynamic responses and potentials in human brain. Exp Brain Res 2010; 202:561-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Virtanen J, Noponen T, Meriläinen P. Comparison of principal and independent component analysis in removing extracerebral interference from near-infrared spectroscopy signals. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:054032. [PMID: 19895134 DOI: 10.1117/1.3253323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method for noninvasive estimation of cerebral hemodynamic changes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) can be used for decomposing a set of signals to underlying components. Our objective is to determine whether PCA or ICA is more efficient in identifying and removing scalp blood flow interference from multichannel NIRS signals. Concentration changes of oxygenated (HbO(2)) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin are measured on the forehead with multichannel NIRS during hyper- and hypocapnia. PCA and ICA are used separately to identify and remove signal contribution from extracerebral tissue, and the resulting estimates of cerebral responses are compared to the expected cerebral responses. Both methods were able to reduce extracerebral contribution to the signals, but PCA typically performs equal to or better than ICA. The improvement in 3-cm signal quality achieved with both methods is comparable to increasing the source-detector separation from 3 to 5 cm. Especially PCA appears to be well suited for use in NIRS applications where the cerebral activation is diffuse, such as monitoring of global cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics. Performance differences between PCA and ICA could be attributed primarily to different criteria for identifying the surface effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Virtanen
- Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, P.O. Box 3310, FI-02015 TKK, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luu S, Chau T. Decoding subjective preference from single-trial near-infrared spectroscopy signals. J Neural Eng 2008; 6:016003. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/1/016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
25
|
Hoffman GM. Pro: near-infrared spectroscopy should be used for all cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 20:606-12. [PMID: 16884998 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George M Hoffman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reinhard M, Wehrle-Wieland E, Grabiak D, Roth M, Guschlbauer B, Timmer J, Weiller C, Hetzel A. Oscillatory cerebral hemodynamics--the macro- vs. microvascular level. J Neurol Sci 2006; 250:103-9. [PMID: 17011584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The phase shift between oscillations of blood pressure (BP) and Doppler middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAFV) reflects continuous cerebral autoregulatory action. It is not known whether a similar phase shift exists for cortical hemodynamics ('microvascular level') assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and what the effects are of pathological conditions. This study investigates the phase relations between oscillations of BP, MCAFV and NIRS parameters in 38 healthy older adults and 28 patients with unilateral severe obstructive carotid disease. BP was recorded noninvasively by finger plethysmography. Stable 0.1 Hz oscillations of all hemodynamic parameters were induced by regular breathing at a rate of 6/min. Basic results were that: (1) BP-induced cortical microvascular oscillations (NIRS) follow those of macrovascular oscillations (MCAFV) with a phase of 80-90 degrees (corresponding to 2-2.5 s at 0.1 Hz), most likely reflecting a transit time phenomenon; (2) oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin thereby oscillate in counterphase; (3) hemodynamic compromise in carotid obstruction leads to (a) delayed NIRS oscillations in comparison to BP which are highly correlated to a shorter phase lead of MCAFV against BP and (b) a decoupling of the oxy-/deoxyhemoglobin counterphase to 240 degrees . Cortical hemodynamic responses to BP oscillations follow specific phase relationships due to cerebral autoregulatory action and circulatory transit times. With hemodynamic impairment, as in unilateral carotid obstruction, these phases are significantly changed reflecting disturbed autoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Reinhard
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Neurocenter, Breisacherstr. 64, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bein B, Cavus E, Stadlbauer KH, Tonner PH, Steinfath M, Scholz J, Dörges V. Monitoring of cerebral oxygenation with near infrared spectroscopy and tissue oxygen partial pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006; 23:501-9. [PMID: 16507191 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021506000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to compare cerebral oxygenation measured with near infrared spectroscopy and local brain tissue oxygen partial pressure, respectively, in pigs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Since tissue overlying the brain may have an impact on near infrared spectroscopy readings, we tested whether optode placement on intact skin or on the skull yielded comparable results. METHODS Twelve healthy pigs were anaesthetized and subjected to continuous haemodynamic, near infrared spectroscopy and brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring. After 4 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started and arginine vasopressin was administered repeatedly three times. Near infrared spectroscopy values recorded were both the tissue oxygenation index and the tissue haemoglobin index as well as relative changes of chromophores (haemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase). Four animals served as control and were measured with both near infrared spectroscopy optodes mounted on the intact skin of the forehead, while in the remaining eight animals, one near infrared spectroscopy optode was implanted directly on the skull. RESULTS Near infrared spectroscopy readings at the skin or at the skull differed consistently throughout the study period. After arginine vasopressin administration, near infrared spectroscopy values at the different locations showed a transient dissociation. In contrast to near infrared spectroscopy measured on intact skin, near infrared spectroscopy readings obtained from skull showed a significant correlation to brain tissue oxygen partial pressure values (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Near infrared spectroscopy readings obtained from skin and skull differed largely after vasopressor administration. Near infrared spectroscopy optode placement therefore may have an important influence on the tissue region investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bein
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saager RB, Berger AJ. Direct characterization and removal of interfering absorption trends in two-layer turbid media. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2005; 22:1874-82. [PMID: 16211814 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.22.001874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to isolate absorption trends confined to the lower layer of a two-layer turbid medium, as is desired in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of cerebral hemodynamics. Several two-layer Monte Carlo simulations of NIRS time series were generated using a physiologically relevant range of optical properties and varying the absorption coefficients due to bottom-layer, top-layer, and/or global fluctuations. Initial results showed that by measuring absorption trends at two source-detector separations and performing a least-squares fit of one to the other, processed signals strongly resemble the simulated bottom-layer absorption properties. Through this approach, it was demonstrated that fitting coefficients can be estimated within less than +/- 2% of the ideal value without any a priori knowledge of the optical properties present in the model. An analytical approximation for the least-squares coefficient provides physical insight into the nature of errors and suggests ways to reduce them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B Saager
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feng W, Haishu D, Fenghua T, Jun Z, Qing X, Xianwu T. Influence of overlying tissue and probe geometry on the sensitivity of a near-infrared tissue oximeter. Physiol Meas 2001; 22:201-8. [PMID: 11236881 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/22/1/323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the influences of overlying tissue and detecting distance between the source and the detector on the measurement of a tissue oximeter were discussed. The signal-noise-ratio of the detector was also examined. A semi-infinite multi-layer Monte Carlo model was induced to simulate the migration of the photons in the skin, adipose and muscle. The thickness of the adipose layer and the separation between the source and the detector in the muscle were changed to simulate the clinical application. Partial pathlength was introduced as a characteristic parameter to evaluate the sensitivity of the oximeter. A two-wavelength (700 and 830 nm) tissue oximeter was developed to verify the results of the simulation. The Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the sensitivity of the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) oximeter declined greatly with increasing overlying tissue thickness. Increasing the distance between the light source and the detector improved the sensitivity. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio, it was necessary to limit this distance. The results of a bicycle ergometer exercise verified the above results and showed that, for a special adipose thickness (AT), there may be a reasonable range of the emitter-detector separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Feng
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Van de Ven MJ, Colier WN, van der Sluijs MC, Walraven D, Oeseburg B, Folgering H. Can cerebral blood volume be measured reproducibly with an improved near infrared spectroscopy system? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21:110-3. [PMID: 11176276 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200102000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In some circumstances, cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be used as a measure for cerebral blood flow. A new near infrared spectroscope was used for determining the reproducibility of CBV measurements assessed by the O2-method. Twenty-seven healthy subjects were investigated. An intrasubject coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated, based on four identical episodes of desaturation-resaturation (O2-method) procedures for CBV measurements. Two trials were performed, with (trial 1) and without (trial 2) disconnecting the equipment. A mean CV of 12.6% and 10.0% was found in trial 1 and 2, respectively. Cerebral blood volume values yield 3.60+/-0.82 mL 100 g(-1). Cerebral blood volume could be measured reproducible in adults using near infrared spectroscopy, if the arterial desaturation is limited to approximately 5% from baseline level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Van de Ven
- Department of Pulmonology Dekkerswald, University of Nijmegen, Groesbeek, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Spielman AJ, Zhang G, Yang CM, D'Ambrosio P, Serizawa S, Nagata M, von Gizycki H, Alfano RR. Intracerebral hemodynamics probed by near infrared spectroscopy in the transition between wakefulness and sleep. Brain Res 2000; 866:313-25. [PMID: 10825508 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous imaging studies have shown that cerebral metabolism is gradually reduced at the beginning of sleep. Few studies have examined the sleep state transition periods from wakefulness to sleep and sleep to wakefulness. The current study used the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to describe the intracerebral hemodynamics at the frontal pole in the circumscribed period between wakefulness and sleep. Nine healthy young adults were studied during afternoon naps. Optical probes were placed on the forehead and EEG electrodes on the scalp. At sleep onset oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) was reduced (P<0.01) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) showed a near significant reduction (P<0.063). At sleep offset there were increases in oxy-Hb (P<0.005) and deoxy-Hb (P<0.05). In 18 of 26 transitions to sleep there was a coordinated fall in both NIRS parameters, we call the Switch Point, that lasted a mean of 3.6 s. In 32 of 36 transitions to wakefulness there was an analogous Switch Point that lasted a mean of 3.4 s. Before and after the Switch Point, changes were small and the relationship between oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb was a combination of parallel and reciprocal fluctuations. A synchronized, parallel and short-lived change in oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb is a discrete event in the transition period between wakefulness and sleep. The concentration of these light absorbing molecules is abruptly set to a new level at sleep-wake transitions and probably reflects the different perfusion demands of these states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Spielman
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, 138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|