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Lin B, Qing X, Liao J, Zhuo K. Role of Protein Glycosylation in Host-Pathogen Interaction. Cells 2020; 9:E1022. [PMID: 32326128 PMCID: PMC7226260 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases. Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming glycoproteins and modulating numerous important biological processes. It also occurs in host-pathogen interaction, affecting host resistance or pathogen virulence often because glycans regulate protein conformation, activity, and stability, etc. This review summarizes various roles of different glycoproteins during the interaction, which include: host glycoproteins prevent pathogens as barriers; pathogen glycoproteins promote pathogens to attack host proteins as weapons; pathogens glycosylate proteins of the host to enhance virulence; and hosts sense pathogen glycoproteins to induce resistance. In addition, this review also intends to summarize the roles of lectin (a class of protein entangled with glycoprotein) in host-pathogen interactions, including bacterial adhesins, viral lectins or host lectins. Although these studies show the importance of protein glycosylation in host-pathogen interaction, much remains to be discovered about the interaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borong Lin
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xue Qing
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.L.); (J.L.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sánchez-Salgado JL, Pereyra MA, Agundis C, Calzada-Ruiz M, Kantun-Briceño E, Zenteno E. In vivo administration of LPS and β-glucan generates the expression of a serum lectin and its cellular receptor in Cherax quadricarinatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:10-16. [PMID: 31465869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, it has been suggested that specific protection against pathogens could be triggered by vaccines and biological response modifiers; although the specific mechanisms of this protection have not been clarified yet. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, a humoral lectin (CqL) binds its own granular hemocytes through a specific receptor (CqLR) and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we challenged in vivo crayfishes with immunostimulants, β-glucan (200 μg/kg) or LPS (20 μg/kg), and identified the participation of cellular and humoral mechanisms. The stimulants generated a complex modification in the total hemocytes count (THC), as well as in the proportion of hemocyte subsets. At 2 h after the challenge, the largest value in THC was observed in either challenged crayfishes. Furthermore, at the same time, hyaline hemocytes were the most abundant subset in the hemolymph; after 6 h, granular hemocytes (GH) were the most abundant hemocyte subset. It has been observed that a specific subset of GH possesses a CqLR that has been related to ROS production. After 2 and 6 h of the β-glucan challenge, a significant increase in CqLR expression was observed in the three circulating hemocyte subsets; also, an increased expression of CqL was detected in a granular hemocytes sub-population. After 2 and 6 h of stimulation, the specific activity of the serum lectin challenged with β-glucan was 250% and 160% higher than in the LPS-treated-group, respectively (P < 0.05). Hemocytes from challenged crayfishes were stimulated ex vivo with CqL, ROS production was 180% higher in hemocytes treated with β-glucan + CqL than in hemocytes treated with LPS + CqL (P < 0.05). The results evidence the effectivity of immune stimulators to activate specific crayfish defense mechanisms, the participation of CqL and its receptor (CqLR) could play an important role in the regulation of immune cellular functions, like ROS production, in Cherax quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mohamed Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Concepción Agundis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Calzada-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Kantun-Briceño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Medicina UNAM-Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Won DI, Kim S, Lee EH. Neutrophil oxidative burst as a diagnostic indicator of IgG-mediated anaphylaxis. Blood Res 2018; 53:299-306. [PMID: 30588467 PMCID: PMC6300672 DOI: 10.5045/br.2018.53.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgG-mediated anaphylaxis occurs after infusion of certain monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics. New in vitro tests are urgently needed to diagnose such reactions. We investigated whether allergens trigger neutrophil oxidative burst (OB) and if neutrophil OB occurs due to allergen-specific IgG (sIgG). Methods Neutrophil OB was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 flow cytometry using a leukocyte suspension spiked with a very small patch of the allergen crude extract, Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f). The mean fluorescence intensity ratio of stimulated to unstimulated samples was calculated as the neutrophil oxidative index (NOI). Results The Der f-specific NOI (Der f-sNOI) showed a time-dependent increase after Der f extract addition. At 15 min activation, higher Der f-sIgG levels were associated with lower Der f-sNOI values in 31 subjects (P<0.05). This inverse relationship occurs due to the initial blocking effect of free Der f-sIgG. Additionally, neutrophil OB was nearly absent (Der f-sNOI of -1) in two cases: a subject with undetectable Der f-sIgG levels and washed leukocyte suspensions deprived of Der f-sIgG. Conclusion Allergens can trigger neutrophil OB via preexisting allergen-sIgG. Neutrophil OB can be easily measured in a leukocyte suspension spiked with the allergen. This assay can be used to diagnose IgG-mediated anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Won
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Green Cross Reference Laboratory, Yongin, Korea
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Sánchez-Salgado JL, Pereyra MA, Agundis C, Vivanco-Rojas O, Rosales C, Pascual C, Alpuche-Osorno JJ, Zenteno E. The effect of the lectin from Cherax quadricarinatus on its granular hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:131-138. [PMID: 29605503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, lectins and hemocytes of the innate immune system provide the first line of defense. Although evidence points to the potential role of lectins in regulating hemocyte activity, the processes underlying the lectin activation have not been evaluated. In the present study, the receptor for CqL, a humoral lectin from Cherax quadricarinatus specific for galactose/sialic acid, was identified in a granular subset of hemocytes. The CqL receptor (CqLR) is a 490-kDa glycoprotein, composed of four identical 120-kDa subunits. As shown by immunohistochemistry, CqL at 7.5 μg/mL as optimal dose, after 2 min, induced, specifically on granular hemocytes, increased phosphorylation of serine (152%), threonine (192%), and tyrosine (242%) as compared with non-treated hemocytes; moreover, CqL induced increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Specific kinase inhibitors showed inhibition (P < 0.001) of ROS production induced by CqL. These results strongly suggest that CqL actively participated in the generation of ROS through kinases induced by a CqLR in a subset of granular hemocytes of the crayfish C. quadricarinatus. The results provide strong evidence that CqL activates, through specific granular hemocytes, receptors that modulate cellular functions in C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mohamed Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Concepción Agundis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vivanco-Rojas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Pascual
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan José Alpuche-Osorno
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Medicina UNAM-Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Sánchez-Salgado JL, Pereyra MA, Vivanco-Rojas O, Sierra-Castillo C, Alpuche-Osorno JJ, Zenteno E, Agundis C. Characterization of a lectin from the craysfish Cherax quadricarinatus hemolymph and its effect on hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 39:450-457. [PMID: 24929243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lectins participate in the immune mechanisms of crustaceans. They have been considered as humoral receptors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns; however, some reports suggest that lectins could regulate crustacean cellular functions. In the present study, we purified and characterized a serum lectin (CqL) from the hemolymph of Cherax quadricarinatus by affinity chromatography and determined its participation in the regulation of hemocytes' oxidative burst. CqL is a 290-kDa lectin in native form, constituted by 108, 80, and 29-kDa subunits. It is mainly composed of glycine, alanine, and a minor proportion of methionine and histidine. It showed no carbohydrates in its structure. CqL is composed of several isoforms, as determined by 2D-electrophoresis, and shows no homology with any crustacean protein as determined by Lc/Ms mass spectrometry. CqL agglutinated mainly rat and rabbit erythrocytes and showed a broad specificity for monosaccharides such as galactose, glucose, and sialic acid, as well as for glycoproteins, such as porcine stomach and bovine submaxillary mucin and fetuin. It is a Mn(2+)-dependent lectin. CqL recognized 8% of crayfish granular hemocytes and increased 4.2-fold the production of hemocytes' superoxide anion in vitro assays when compared with non-treated hemocytes. This effect showed the same specificity for carbohydrates as hemagglutination; moreover, superoxide dismutase and diphenyleneiodonium chloride were effective inhibitors of CqL oxidative-activation. The CqL homoreceptor is a 120-kDa glycoprotein identified in the hemocytes lysate. Our results suggest that CqL participates actively in the regulation of the generation of superoxide anions in hemocytes using NADPH-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico; Posgrado de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, 04510, Mexico
| | - M A Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico
| | - O Vivanco-Rojas
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico
| | - C Sierra-Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - J J Alpuche-Osorno
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico; Instituto Tecnologico de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico
| | - E Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones UNAM-UABJO, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | - C Agundis
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, 04510, Mexico.
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Hernández-Gay JJ, Ardá A, Eller S, Mezzato S, Leeflang BR, Unverzagt C, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Insights into the Dynamics and Molecular Recognition Features of Glycopeptides by Protein Receptors: The 3D Solution Structure of Hevein Bound to the Trisaccharide Core of N-Glycoproteins. Chemistry 2010; 16:10715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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De la Mora A, Suárez-Güemes F, Trigo F, Gorocica P, Solórzano C, Slomianny MC, Agundis C, Pereyra MA, Zenteno E. Purification of the receptor for the N-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific adhesin of Mannheimia haemolytica from bovine neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1483-9. [PMID: 17707591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The GlcNAc-specific adhesin from Mannheimia haemolytica (MhA) has been shown to participate in pathogenicity of mannheimiosis due to its capacity to adhere to tracheal epithelial cells and activate the oxidative burst of bovine neutrophils. In this work, we purified the MhA receptor from bovine neutrophils (MhAr) by affinity chromatography on MhA-Sepharose. The MhAr, which corresponded to approximately 2% of the protein from cell lysate, is a glycoprotein mainly composed of Glu, Ala, Ser, Gly, and Asp, without cysteine. The glycan portion, which corresponds to 20% by weight, is composed of GalNAc, GlcNAc, Man, Gal, and NeuAc. The receptor is a 165-kDa glycoprotein, as determined by molecular sieve chromatography under native conditions; SDS-PAGE analysis shows a heterodimer of 83 and 80 kDa subunits. This work suggests that the GlcNAc-containing receptor plays a relevant role by activating bovine neutrophils through non-opsonic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso De la Mora
- Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
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De la Mora A, Trigo F, Jaramillo L, Garfias Y, Solórzano C, Agundis C, Pereyra A, Lascurain R, Zenteno E, Suárez-Güemes F. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine specific adhesin from Mannheimia haemolytica activates bovine neutrophils oxidative burst. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 113:148-56. [PMID: 16780962 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work we identified specific bovine leukocytes that were bound by the Mannheimia haemolytica adhesin molecule (MhA) and the biological effect on the leukocytes. Histochemical staining and flow cytometry showed that MhA bind neutrophils (90%) and monocytes (5%). MhA induced an oxidative response in purified neutrophils; this effect was 1.5-fold higher than the effect observed with control cells activated with Zymosan. Cellular binding by MhA was inhibited with GlcNAc and its oligomers, as well as by glycoproteins containing tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycosydically linked glycans. MhA-induced oxidative burst was significantly inhibited by GlcNAc, iodoacetamide, superoxide dismutase, and piroxicam (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that among bovine leukocytes, neutrophils are the main target for MhA, inducing production of oxidative radicals by non-opsonic mechanism that seem to play an important role in tissue damage during mannheimiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso De la Mora
- Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, BC, Mexico
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Soria F, Sierra C, Bouquelet S, Brassart C, Agundis C, Zenteno E, Vázquez L. The effect of sugars and free amino acids from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemolymph on lectin activity and on oxidative burst. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 142:212-219. [PMID: 16290085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 10/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effect of low molecular weight components (LMWC) from healthy juvenile and adult Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemolymph on lectin activity and oxidative burst (OB) in hemocytes. In an attempt to identify the LMWC that affect the lectin's hemagglutinating activity or oxidative burst, we determined the hemolymph carbohydrates and free amino acids (FAA) concentration. The LMWC (<2000 Da) were obtained after dialysis of the hemolymph. Our results showed that LMWC from juveniles exerted a greater inhibition on lectin than LMWC from adult hemolymph. Production of superoxide radicals by hemocytes was lower in the presence of juvenile (p<0.05) as compared to adult LMWC. FAA composition of the hemolymph and of LMWC from adults showed higher proportion of alanine (which corresponded to 25% of total FAA) and proline (>20%); whereas, in juveniles, the main FAA identified were glycine (>40%) and alanine (26%). N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) was the main sugar residue in the hemolymph and LMWC from juveniles; its concentration was 2.4 times higher than glucose (Glc), whereas, in adults, Glc was the main free sugar residue. Our results suggest that the proportion of FAA and carbohydrates in the hemolymph of M. rosenbergii seems to be correlated with the maturation process; furthermore, the high proportion of free GlcNAc and glycine regulate, in the juvenile stage, lectin activity and cellular oxidative mechanisms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soria
- Laboratorio de Lectinas, CIQ, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Claudia Sierra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, 01040, Mexico
| | - Stephane Bouquelet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique de la Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, UMR du CNRS no. 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655, France
| | - Colette Brassart
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique de la Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, UMR du CNRS no. 8576, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655, France
| | - Concepción Agundis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM 04510, Mexico
| | - Lorena Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Lectinas, CIQ, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Morelos 62210, Mexico.
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Vandenabeele S, Vanderauwera S, Vuylsteke M, Rombauts S, Langebartels C, Seidlitz HK, Zabeau M, Van Montagu M, Inzé D, Van Breusegem F. Catalase deficiency drastically affects gene expression induced by high light in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 39:45-58. [PMID: 15200641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays a major signaling role in triggering both a defense response and cell death. Increased cellular H(2)O(2) levels and subsequent redox imbalances are managed at the production and scavenging levels. Because catalases are the major H(2)O(2) scavengers that remove the bulk of cellular H(2)O(2), altering their levels allows in planta modulation of H(2)O(2) concentrations. Reduced peroxisomal catalase activity increased sensitivity toward both ozone and photorespiratory H(2)O(2)-induced cell death in transgenic catalase-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants were used as a model system to build a comprehensive inventory of transcriptomic variations, which were triggered by photorespiratory H(2)O(2) induced by high-light (HL) irradiance. In addition to an H(2)O(2)-dependent and -independent type of transcriptional response during light stress, microarray analysis on both control and transgenic catalase-deficient plants, exposed to 0, 3, 8, and 23 h of HL, revealed several specific regulatory patterns of gene expression. Thus, photorespiratory H(2)O(2) has a direct impact on transcriptional programs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vandenabeele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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