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Crick EW, Osorio I, Frei M, Mayer AP, Lunte CE. Correlation of 3-mercaptopropionic acid induced seizures and changes in striatal neurotransmitters monitored by microdialysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:25-33. [PMID: 24462767 PMCID: PMC4004672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to use a status epilepticus steady-state chemical model in rats using the convulsant, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), and to compare the changes in striatal neurotransmission on a slow (5min) and fast (60s) timescale. In vivo microdialysis was combined with electrophysiological methods in order to provide a complete evaluation of the dynamics of the results obtained. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of a steady-state chemical model pof status epilepticus on striatal amino-acid and amine neurotransmitters contents, as measured via in vivo microdialysis combined with electrophysiological methods. Measurements were performed on samples collected every 60s and every 5min. "Fast" (60s) and "slow" (5min) sampling timescales were selected, to gain more insight into the dynamics of GABA synthesis inhibition and of its effects on other neurotransmitters and on cortical electrical activity. METHODS 3-MPA was administered in the form of an intra-venous load (60mg/kg) followed by a constant infusion (50mg/kg/min) for min. Microdialysis samples were collected from the striatum at intervals of 5min and 60s and analyzed for biogenic amine and amino acid neurotransmitters. ECoG activity was monitored via screws placed over the cortex. RESULTS In the 5min samples, glutamate (Glu) increased and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) decreased monotonically while changes in dopamine (DA) concentration were bimodal. In the sixty second samples, Glu changes were bimodal, a feature that was not apparent with the 5min samples. ECoG activity was indicative of status epilepticus. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the combination of in vivo microdialysis with electrophysiology to monitor the effect of 3-MPA on neurotransmission in the brain. This led to a better understanding of the chemical changes in the striatum due to the applied 3-MPA chemical model of status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Crick
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Ivan Osorio
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, United States; Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, 5040 Bob Billings Parkway, Suite A, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - Mark Frei
- Flint Hills Scientific, LLC, 5040 Bob Billings Parkway, Suite A, Lawrence, KS 66049, United States
| | - Andrew P Mayer
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Craig E Lunte
- R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States.
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Acute Immobilization Stress Modulate GABA Release from Rat Olfactory Bulb: Involvement of Endocannabinoids-Cannabinoids and Acute Stress Modulate GABA Release. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2011:529851. [PMID: 21785597 PMCID: PMC3139122 DOI: 10.1155/2011/529851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effects of cannabinoids and acute immobilization stress on the regulation of GABA release in the olfactory bulb. Glutamate-stimulated 3H-GABA release was measured in superfused slices. We report that cannabinoids as WIN55, 212-2, methanandamide, and 2-arachidonoylglycerol were able to inhibit glutamate- and KCl-stimulated 3H-GABA release. This effect was blocked by the CB1 antagonist AM281. On the other hand, acute stress was able per se to increase endocannabinoid activity. This effect was evident since the inhibition of stimulated GABA release by acute stress was reversed with AM281 and tetrahydrolipstatin. Inhibition of the endocannabinoid transport or its catabolism showed reduction of GABA release, antagonized by AM281 in control and stressed animals. These results point to endocannabinoids as inhibitory modulators of GABA release in the olfactory bulb acting through an autocrine mechanism. Apparently, stress increases the endocannabinoid system, modulating GABAergic synaptic function in a primary sensory organ.
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Zhang JJ, Okutani F, Huang GZ, Taniguchi M, Murata Y, Kaba H. Common properties between synaptic plasticity in the main olfactory bulb and olfactory learning in young rats. Neuroscience 2010; 170:259-67. [PMID: 20558253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aversive olfactory learning was established in young rats after odor exposure paired with foot shock through a classical conditioning paradigm. Using behavioral pharmacology and Western blotting, we previously reported that plasticity in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) underlies aversive olfactory learning. Since long-term potentiation (LTP) observed in the hippocampus is believed to be a cellular substrate for aspects of memory, we attempted to induce LTP in the MOB. Using brain slices containing the MOB, we found that five tetani of the lateral olfactory tract evoked LTP that was blocked by the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP5. Although three tetani induced no significant changes in control slices, with noradrenaline (NA) application they produced clear LTP (NA-mediated LTP), which was not dependent on NMDA receptors. NA's facilitating effect on LTP induction was blocked by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist timolol but not by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, and was mimicked by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol. The l-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine completely blocked LTP as well as NA-mediated LTP. In addition, we found that aversive olfactory learning was impaired by beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, timolol but not by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, and only odor training established olfactory learning by isoproterenol infusion. Moreover, we found that nifedipine but not AP5 prevented olfactory learning formation. These common properties provided evidence for neural correlates between NA-mediated LTP aversive olfactory learning in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Isik S, Castillo J, Blöchl A, Csöregi E, Schuhmann W. Simultaneous detection of L-glutamate and nitric oxide from adherently growing cells at known distance using disk shaped dual electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 70:173-9. [PMID: 16733097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An ex vivo system for simultaneous detection of nitric oxide (NO) and L-glutamate using integrated dual 250 microm platinum disk electrodes modified individually with suitable sensing chemistries has been developed. One of the sensors was coated with an electrocatalytic layer of Ni tetrasulfonate phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt (Ni-TSPc) covered by second layer of Nafion, which stabilises on the one hand the primary oxidation product NO(+) and prevents interferences from negatively charged compounds such as NO(2)(-). For glutamate determination, the second electrode was modified with a crosslinked redox hydrogel consisting of Os complex modified poly(vinylimidazol), glutamate oxidase and peroxidase. A manual x-y-z micromanipulator on top of an inverted optical microscope was used to position the dual electrode sensor at a defined distance of 5 microm from a cell population under visual control. C6 glioma cells were stimulated simultaneously with bradykinin or VEGF to release NO while KCl was used to invoke glutamate release. For evaluation of the glutamate sensors, in some experiments HN10 cells were used. To investigate the sensitivity and reliability of the system, several drugs were applied to the cells, e.g. Ca(2+)-channel inhibitors for testing Ca(2+)-dependence of the release of NO and glutamate, rotenone for inducing oxidative stress and glutamate antagonists for analysing glutamate release. With these drugs the NO and glutamate release was modulated in a similar way then expected from previously described systems or even in-vivo measurements. We therefore conclude that our system is suitable to analyse stress-induced mechanisms in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnur Isik
- Anal. Chem.-Elektroanalytik and Sensorik, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Minowa S, Ishihara S, Tsuchiya S, Horie S, Murayama T. Capsaicin- and anandamide-induced gastric acid secretion via vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) in rat brain. Brain Res 2005; 1039:75-83. [PMID: 15781048 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) by capsaicin in rat brain stimulates gastric acid secretion via tachykinin NK2 receptors and the vagus cholinergic nerve, but the involvement of other receptor systems has not been elucidated. We investigated the role of the glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptor systems on the capsaicin response. Gastric acid secretion stimulated by the injection of capsaicin (30 nmol) into the lateral cerebroventricle (i.c.v.) was inhibited by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, an antagonist of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptors, 10.9 nmol, i.c.v.) and bicuculline (a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, 222 microg kg(-1) 10 min(-1), i.v. infusion). Secretion stimulated by the injection of capsaicin (50 nmol) into the fourth cerebroventricle was inhibited by CNQX and bicuculline. I.c.v. injection of anandamide (an endogenous ligand of TRPV1 and cannabinoid receptors, 30 and 100 nmol) stimulated gastric acid secretion, and the response was inhibited by an antagonist of TRPV1 and in the capsaicin-treated rats, but not by an antagonist of cannabinoid receptors. In conclusion, the TRPV1 system, which is activated by capsaicin and anandamide, is preferentially coupled with non-NMDA and GABA(A) receptor systems in the brain and stimulates gastric acid secretion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Minowa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M. GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:196-212. [PMID: 15210304 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl- dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have been identified using molecular cloning. Of these, GAT-1 and -3 are expressed in the cerebral cortex. Studies of the cortical distribution, cellular localization, ontogeny and relationships of GATs with GABA-releasing elements using a variety of light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques have shown that: (i) a fraction of GATs is strategically placed to mediate GABA uptake at fast inhibitory synapses, terminating GABA's action and shaping inhibitory postsynaptic responses; (ii) another fraction may participate in functions such as the regulation of GABA's diffusion to neighboring synapses and of GABA levels in cerebrospinal fluid; (iii) GATs may play a role in the complex processes regulating cortical maturation; and (iv) GATs may contribute to the dysregulation of neuronal excitability that accompanies at least two major human diseases: epilepsy and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Conti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, Torrette di Ancona, I-60020 Ancona, Italy.
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Minowa S, Ishihara S, Tsuchiya S, Horie S, Watanabe K, Murayama T. Involvement of glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor systems on gastric acid secretion induced by activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the central nervous system in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:1049-58. [PMID: 12684260 PMCID: PMC1573744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Various neurotransmitters in the brain regulate gastric acid secretion. Previously, we reported that the central injection of kappa-opioid receptor agonists stimulated this secretion in rats. Although the existence of kappa(1)-kappa(3)-opioid receptor subtypes has been proposed, the character is not defined. We investigated the interactions between kappa-opioid receptor subtypes and glutamate, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) or 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the rat brain. 2. Gastric acid secretion induced by the injection of U69593 (8.41 nmol, a putative kappa(1)-opioid receptor agonist) into the lateral cerebroventricle was completely inhibited by the central injection of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10.9 nmol, an antagonist for non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptors) and by bicuculline infusion (222 micro g kg(-1) per 10 min, i.v., GABA(A) receptor antagonist). The secretion induced by bremazocine (8.52 nmol, a putative kappa(2)-opioid receptor agonist) was inhibited by bicuculline infusion, but not by CNQX. The secretion induced by naloxone benzoylhydrazone (224 nmol, a putative kappa(3)-opioid receptor agonist) was slightly and partially inhibited by CNQX and bicuculline. 3. Treatment with CNQX and bicuculline inhibited gastric acid secretion induced by the injection of dynorphin A-(1-17) into the lateral, but not the fourth, cerebroventricle. Antagonists for NMDA, GABA(B) and 5-HT(2/1C) receptors did not inhibit the secretions by kappa-opioid receptor agonists. 4. In rat brain regions close to the lateral cerebroventricle, kappa-opioid receptor systems (kappa(1)>kappa(3)>>kappa(2)) are regulated by the non-NMDA type of glutamate receptor system, and kappa(1)- and kappa(2)-opioid receptor systems are regulated by the GABA(A) receptor system. The present findings show pharmacological evidence for kappa-opioid receptor subtypes that regulate gastric acid secretion in the rat brain.
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MESH Headings
- 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology
- Animals
- Baclofen/analogs & derivatives
- Baclofen/pharmacology
- Benzeneacetamides/pharmacology
- Benzomorphans/pharmacology
- Bicuculline/pharmacology
- Brain/physiology
- Dynorphins/pharmacology
- Gastric Acid/metabolism
- Gastric Acid/physiology
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Ketanserin/pharmacology
- Male
- Perfusion/methods
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, GABA-A
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin
- Stomach/drug effects
- Stomach/physiopathology
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Minowa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shizuko Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Syunji Horie
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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