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Kopeček J, Yang J. Polymer nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:40-64. [PMID: 32735811 PMCID: PMC7736172 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanomedicines (macromolecular therapeutics, polymer-drug conjugates, drug-free macromolecular therapeutics) are a group of biologically active compounds that are characterized by their large molecular weight. This review focuses on bioconjugates of water-soluble macromolecules with low molecular weight drugs and selected proteins. After analyzing the design principles, different structures of polymer carriers are discussed followed by the examination of the efficacy of the conjugates in animal models and challenges for their translation into the clinic. Two innovative directions in macromolecular therapeutics that depend on receptor crosslinking are highlighted: a) Combination chemotherapy of backbone degradable polymer-drug conjugates with immune checkpoint blockade by multivalent polymer peptide antagonists; and b) Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics, a new paradigm in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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2
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Chytil P, Koziolová E, Etrych T, Ulbrich K. HPMA Copolymer-Drug Conjugates with Controlled Tumor-Specific Drug Release. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [PMID: 28805040 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, numerous polymer drug carrier systems are designed and synthesized, and their properties are evaluated. Many of these systems are based on water-soluble polymer carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs and compounds, e.g., cytostatic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, or multidrug resistance inhibitors, all covalently bound to a carrier by a biodegradable spacer that enables controlled release of the active molecule to achieve the desired pharmacological effect. Among others, the synthetic polymer carriers based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers are some of the most promising carriers for this purpose. This review focuses on advances in the development of HPMA copolymer carriers and their conjugates with anticancer drugs, with triggered drug activation in tumor tissue and especially in tumor cells. Specifically, this review highlights the improvements in polymer drug carrier design with respect to the structure of a spacer to influence controlled drug release and activation, and its impact on the drug pharmacokinetics, enhanced tumor uptake, cellular trafficking, and in vivo antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Koziolová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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4
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Kolhatkar V, Suárez J, Kolhatkar R. Dendritic hexadecapeptide as a cathepsin B degradable carrier for delivery of HSP90 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3744-7. [PMID: 26159484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable vehicles that degrade specifically at tumor sites are highly desirable since they can cause selective exposure of highly toxic drugs at tumor sites whereas keep the conjugates stable during blood circulation. Here, we evaluate the utility of a dendritic hexadecapeptide comprised of four arms, each having a tetrapeptide sequence recognized by an enzyme cathepsin B as a carrier system for heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GDM). We report the synthesis of a carrier having GDM conjugated to the terminal end of each arm (>55% wt/wt drug). We further report the stability of the GDM containing peptidic dendrimer in various buffers and in the presence of serum along with its ability to release free drug in the presence of cathepsin B, the enzyme overexpressed in a variety of tumors. Using androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (DU-145) we further demonstrate that the geldanamycin containing peptidic dendrimer has antiproliferative property similar to the free drug derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Jose Suárez
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Rohit Kolhatkar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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5
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Larson N, Roberts S, Ray A, Buckway B, Cheney DL, Ghandehari H. In vitro synergistic action of geldanamycin- and docetaxel-containing HPMA copolymer-RGDfK conjugates against ovarian cancer. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1735-47. [PMID: 25185891 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HPMA copolymer-RGDfK (HPMA-RGDfK) conjugates bearing either aminohexylgeldanamycin (AHGDM) or docetaxel (DOC) were synthesized and characterized. In vitro stability and binding were evaluated. Cytotoxicity toward ovarian cancer cells was evaluated and the ability of the conjugates to induce cell death was assessed by combination index analysis. Conjugates bearing AHGDM were more stable and exhibited slower drug release than those bearing DOC. Both conjugates demonstrated the ability to bind to avb3 integrins. In combination, HPMA-RGDfK conjugates demonstrated marked synergism as compared to their non-targeted counterparts and free drug controls. HPMA-RGDfK conjugates bearing AHGDM and DOC induce synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro, suggesting their potential as a promising combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Larson
- TheraTarget, Inc., 615 Arapeen Dr., Suite 302-Y, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Shankar R, Samykutty A, Riggin C, Kannan S, Wenzel U, Kolhatkar R. Cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules for delivery of 2-methoxyestradiol. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3776-88. [PMID: 23971990 DOI: 10.1021/mp400261h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural metabolite of estradiol, has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. However, its clinical success is limited due to poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetic parameters suggesting the need for a delivery vehicle. In this study we evaluated cathepsin B degradable star-shaped peptidic macromolecules (SPMs) that can potentially be used to create higher generation and high molecular weight peptidic polymer as delivery vehicle of 2ME. Two peptidic macromolecules having positively charged amine (ASPM) or negatively charged carboxyl surface groups (CSPM) were synthesized and evaluated for their degradation in the presence of cathepsin B and stability in the presence of neutral or acidic buffer and serum. Both ASPM and CSPM degraded rapidly in the presence of cathepsin B. Both were stable in neutral and acidic buffer whereas only CSPM exhibited substantial stability in the presence of serum. Both macromolecules were nontoxic toward breast cancer cells whereas 2ME-containing macromolecules exhibited antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Overall, results from the current study indicate that tetrapeptide GFLG can be used to create star-shaped macromolecules that are degraded in the presence of cathepsin B and have the potential to be developed as delivery vehicles of 2ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago , Rockford, Illinois 61107, United States
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Polyak D, Eldar-Boock A, Baabur-Cohen H, Satchi-Fainaro R. Polymer conjugates for focal and targeted delivery of drugs. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Polyak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Hemda Baabur-Cohen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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8
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Larson N, Gormley A, Frazier N, Ghandehari H. Synergistic enhancement of cancer therapy using a combination of heat shock protein targeted HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates and gold nanorod induced hyperthermia. J Control Release 2013; 170:41-50. [PMID: 23602864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nanomedicine, selective delivery to cancer cells is a common goal, where active targeting strategies are often employed to increase tumor accumulation. In this study, tumor hyperthermia was utilized as a means to increase the active delivery of heat shock protein (HSP) targeted N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-drug conjugates. Following hyperthermia, induced expression of cell surface heat shock protein (HSP) glucose regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) was utilized for targeted drug therapy. Conjugates bearing the anticancer agents aminohexylgeldanamycin (AHGDM), docetaxel (DOC), or cisplatin and the GRP78 targeting peptide WDLAWMFRLPVG were synthesized and characterized. Binding to cell surface expressed heat shock protein GRP78 on the surface of human prostate cancer DU145 cells was evaluated. HSP targeted AHGDM and DOC conjugates demonstrated active binding comparable to native targeting peptide. They were then assessed in vitro for the ability to synergistically induce cytotoxicity in combination with moderate hyperthermia (43 °C, 30 min). HSP targeted DOC conjugates exhibited high potency against DU145 cells with an IC₅₀ of 2.4 nM. HSP targeted AHGDM and DOC conjugates demonstrated synergistic effects in combination with hyperthermia with combination index values of 0.65 and 0.45 respectively. Based on these results, HSP targeted DOC conjugates were selected for in vivo evaluation. In DU145 tumor bearing mice, a single treatment of tumor hyperthermia, induced via gold nanorod mediated plasmonic photothermal therapy, and intravenous administration of HSP targeted HPMA copolymer-docetaxel at 10mg/kg resulted in maintained tumor regression for a period of 30 days. These results demonstrate the potential for tumor hyperthermia to increase the delivery of HSP targeted macromolecular chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Larson
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salt Lake City 84112, USA
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9
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Larson N, Greish K, Bauer H, Maeda H, Ghandehari H. Synthesis and evaluation of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) micellar nanocarriers for the delivery of tanespimycin. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:111-7. [PMID: 21856392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles carrying the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin) were synthesized using poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA) copolymers and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. SMA-tanespimycin micelles were prepared with a loading efficiency of 93%. The micelles incorporated 25.6% tanespimycin by weight, exhibited a mean diameter of 74 ± 7 nm by dynamic light scattering and a zeta potential of -35 ± 3 mV. Tanespimycin was released from the micelles in a controlled manner in vitro, with 62% released in 24h from a pH 7.4 buffer containing bovine serum albumin. The micellar drug delivery systems for tanespimycin showed potent activity against DU145 human prostate cancer cells, with an IC(50) of 230 nM. They further exhibited potent anti-cancer activity in vivo in nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous DU145 human prostate cancer tumor xenografts, with significantly higher anticancer efficacy as measured by tumor regression when compared to free tanespimycin at an equivalent single dose of 10mg/kg. These data suggest further investigation of SMA-tanespimycin as a promising agent in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate Larson
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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10
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Greish K, Ray A, Bauer H, Larson N, Malugin A, Pike D, Haider M, Ghandehari H. Anticancer and antiangiogenic activity of HPMA copolymer-aminohexylgeldanamycin-RGDfK conjugates for prostate cancer therapy. J Control Release 2011; 151:263-70. [PMID: 21223983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression is dependent on neoangiogenesis for blood supply. Neovasculature over-express α(v)β(3) integrins which recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the extracellular matrix. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers containing side chains terminated in cyclic RGD analogs such as RGDfK show increased accumulation in prostate tumors. Geldanamycin and their derivatives (e.g., aminohexylgeldanamycin (AH-GDM)) are benzoquinone ansamycins that have both antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. In this work the antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of targetable HPMA copolymer-RGDfK-AH-GDM conjugates were compared with non-targetable systems in vitro and in vivo. Copolymer-drug conjugates containing RGDfK in the side chains showed superior activity against endothelial and prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, as well as higher inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo. At equimolar doses of the drug, the RGDfK containing conjugates showed significantly higher antitumor activity in nude mice bearing DU-145 human prostate cancer xenografts. These findings suggest the utility of HPMA copolymer-RGDfK conjugates for targeted delivery of geldanamycin analogs with a dual mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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11
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HPMA Copolymer-Aminohexylgeldanamycin Conjugates Targeting Cell Surface Expressed GRP78 in Prostate Cancer. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2683-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Borgman MP, Aras O, Geyser-Stoops S, Sausville EA, Ghandehari H. Biodistribution of HPMA copolymer-aminohexylgeldanamycin-RGDfK conjugates for prostate cancer drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2010; 6:1836-47. [PMID: 19743884 DOI: 10.1021/mp900134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates targeting the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin present on angiogenic blood vessels and some tumor types have shown increased accumulation in solid tumors and possess properties that suggest their use for site-specific drug delivery. Geldanamycin (GDM) is a benzoquinoid ansamycin that binds to heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), effective for the treatment of multiple cancer types including prostate, but has dose-limiting cytotoxicity. We recently reported the synthesis of HPMA copolymer-aminohexyl-geldanamycin (AH-GDM) conjugates containing RGDfK that demonstrated favorable properties of drug release, in vitro binding to the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells, and tolerability in nude mice greater than 2-fold equivalent free drug doses. In this study the biodistribution of 125I-radiolabeled HPMA copolymer-AH-GDM conjugates with and without RGDfK in both non-tumor-bearing and DU145 prostate tumor xenograft-bearing nude mice was evaluated. At 60 mg/kg drug equivalent polymer doses in non-tumor-bearing mice both conjugates showed fast elimination from blood and decreasing accumulation in all other organs. Kidney accumulation predominated and was higher for the conjugate containing RGDfK. In tumor-bearing mice, trace quantities of the conjugate containing RGDfK showed increased tumor accumulation as compared to the conjugate without RGDfK. Also evaluated were free drug concentrations in prostate tumor xenografts following treatments of 30 and 60 mg/kg drug-equivalent copolymer conjugates (with and without RGDfK) compared with 30 mg/kg free AH-GDM. Overall, 60 mg/kg treatment of RGDfK-containing conjugate showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) tumor drug concentrations compared with all other treatments. The targetable conjugates can effectively deliver higher amounts of geldanamycin to the tumor compared to nontargetable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Borgman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Kopeček J, Kopečková P. HPMA copolymers: origins, early developments, present, and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:122-49. [PMID: 19919846 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The overview covers the discovery of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, initial studies on their synthesis, evaluation of biological properties, and explorations of their potential as carriers of biologically active compounds in general and anticancer drugs in particular. The focus is on the research in the authors' laboratory - the development of macromolecular therapeutics for the treatment of cancer and musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, the evaluation of HPMA (co)polymers as building blocks of modified and new biomaterials is presented: the utilization of semitelechelic poly(HPMA) and HPMA copolymers for the modification of biomaterial and protein surfaces and the design of hybrid block and graft HPMA copolymers that self-assemble into smart hydrogels. Finally, suggestions for the design of second-generation macromolecular therapeutics are portrayed.
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Duncan R. Development of HPMA copolymer-anticancer conjugates: clinical experience and lessons learnt. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1131-48. [PMID: 19699249 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The concept of polymer-drug conjugates was proposed more than 30 years ago, and an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugate of doxorubicin covalently bound to the polymer backbone by a Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptidyl linker (FCE28068) became the first synthetic polymer-based anticancer conjugate to enter clinical trial in 1994. This conjugate arose from rational design attempting to capitalise on passive tumour targeting by the enhanced permeability and retention effect and, at the cellular level, lysosomotropic drug delivery to improve therapeutic index. Early clinical results were promising, confirming activity in chemotherapy refractory patients and the safety of HPMA as a new polymer platform. Subsequent Phase I/II trials have investigated an HPMA copolymer-based conjugate containing a doxorubicin and additionally galactose as a targeting moiety to promote liver targeting (FCE28069), and also HPMA copolymer conjugates of paclitaxel (PNU 166945), camptothecin (PNU 166148) and two platinates (AP5280 and AP5346- ProLindac). The preclinical and clinical observations made in these, and clinical studies with other polymer conjugates, should shape the development of next generation anticancer polymer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Duncan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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15
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Tao L, Liu J, Davis TP. Branched Polymer−Protein Conjugates Made From Mid-Chain-Functional P(HPMA). Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2847-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900678r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jingquan Liu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Borgman MP, Ray A, Kolhatkar RB, Sausville EA, Burger AM, Ghandehari H. Targetable HPMA copolymer-aminohexylgeldanamycin conjugates for prostate cancer therapy. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1407-18. [PMID: 19225872 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-cyclo-RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates for delivery of geldanamycin to prostate tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPMA copolymers containing aminohexylgeldanamycin (AH-GDM) with and without the targeting peptide RGDfK were synthesized and characterized. Drug release from copolymers was evaluated using cathepsin B. Competitive binding of copolymer conjugates to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin was evaluated in prostate cancer (PC-3) and endothelial (HUVEC) cell lines and in vitro growth inhibition was assessed. The maximum tolerated dose for single i.v. injections of free drug and the conjugates was established in nude mice. RESULTS HPMA copolymers containing AH-GDM and RGDfK showed active binding to the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin similar to that of free peptide. Similarly, growth inhibition of cells by conjugates was comparable to that of the free drug. Single intravenous doses of HPMA copolymer-AH-GDM-RGDfK conjugates in mice were tolerated at 80 mg/kg drug equivalent, while free drug caused morbidity at 40 mg/kg. No signs of toxicity were present in mice receiving HPMA copolymer-AH-GDM-RGDfK over the 14-day evaluation period. CONCLUSION Results of in vitro activity and in vivo tolerability experiments hold promise for the utility of HPMA copolymer-AH-GDM-RGDfK conjugates for treatment of prostate cancer with greater efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Borgman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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17
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Pan H, Kopecek J. Multifunctional Water-Soluble Polymers for Drug Delivery. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Shiose Y, Kuga H, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Quantitative acid hydrolysis of DE-310, a macromolecular carrier system for the camptothecin analog DX-8951f. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 43:1290-6. [PMID: 17127025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DE-310 is a novel macromolecular prodrug of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor DX-8951. DX-8951 is covalently linked to carboxymethyl dextran polyalcohol (CM-Dex-PA) via a Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly (GGFG) tetrapeptide spacer. The present study was conducted to identify the portions of DX-8951 linked to DE-310, as well as to quantify the number of DX-8951 molecules associated with DE-310. Two different structures terminated with either glycolaldehyde (CM-GA-GGFG-DX-8951) or glycerol (CM-Glr-GGFG-DX-8951) are obtained when the polymer backbone is fragmented with 1 M HCl. The two products, i.e., CM-GA-GGFG-DX-8951 and CM-Glr-GGFG-DX-8951, indicate linkage of GGFG-DX-8951 with carboxymethyl (CM) group at C-2 and C-4 position of the glucose units, respectively. In the present study, CM-GA-GGFG-DX-8951 was reduced to CM-ethyleneglycol (EG)-GGFG-DX-8951 in order to improve stability prior to HPLC analysis. Hydrolysis results revealed that the amount of CM-GA-GGFG-DX-8951 liberated was 84.7 nmol/mg DE-310 and the amount of CM-Glr-GGFG-DX-8951 was 71.8 nmol/mg DE-310. Considering the ratio of generation between CM-GA-GGFG-DX8951 and CM-Glr-GGFG-DX8951, it suggested that slightly larger amount of GGFG-DX-8951 was linked to carboxymethyl groups at the C-2 position of glucose units in DE-310. The sum of the amounts of CM-GA-GGFG-DX-8951 and CM-Glr-GGFG-DX-8951 agrees well with the amount of G-DX-8951 produced from DE-310 by alpha-chymotrypsin treatment (157.5 nmol/mg DE-310). The data indicate that the established hydrolysis give a quantitative evaluation of the DX-8951 linked to DE-310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Shiose
- New Product Research Laboratories III, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo R&D Center, Kita-Kasai 1-16-13, Edogawa-Ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
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Forrest ML, Zhao A, Won CY, Malick AW, Kwon GS. Lipophilic prodrugs of Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin for nanoencapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) micelles. J Control Release 2006; 116:139-49. [PMID: 16926059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A solvent and Cremephor free formulation of the anticancer chemotherapeutic geldanamycin was prepared using amphiphilic block co-polymer micelles of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL). Although geldanamycin was not solubilized by PEG-b-PCL micelles, fatty acid prodrugs of geldanamycin were encapsulated in PEG-b-PCL micelles by a co-solvent extraction technique. Resulting PEG-b-PCL micelles were <120 nm in diameter and solubilized >20% w/w geldanamycin prodrugs increasing aqueous solubility to >2 mg/mL. PEG-b-PCL micelles released the geldanamycin prodrugs over several days, t(1/2) 2.2 to 9.6 days. The free prodrugs hydrolyzed rapidly, t(1/2)<6 h, into the geldanamycin analogue 17-beta-hydroxyethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, which has high activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, IC(50) 240 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laird Forrest
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
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Vicent MJ, Greco F, Nicholson RI, Paul A, Griffiths PC, Duncan R. Polymer Therapeutics Designed for a Combination Therapy of Hormone-Dependent Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vicent MJ, Greco F, Nicholson RI, Paul A, Griffiths PC, Duncan R. Polymer Therapeutics Designed for a Combination Therapy of Hormone-Dependent Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:4061-6. [PMID: 15912547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J Vicent
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Redwood Building, CF10 3XF Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
Polymeric prodrugs have evolved into a very useful class of drug delivery agents. Numerous polymeric prodrugs have been prepared for applications ranging from passive drug targeting to controlled release. The mechanistic aspects of the release processes, however, have not been clearly delineated. This review highlights the salient features of the chemical reactions that are responsible for drug release from these systems. The mechanisms of release from polymeric prodrugs employing various chemical linkages, esters, carbonates, carbamates, C=N linkage and amides, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Joseph M D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence 66047, USA.
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Mandler R, Kobayashi H, Hinson ER, Brechbiel MW, Waldmann TA. Herceptin-geldanamycin immunoconjugates: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and enhanced antitumor activity. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1460-7. [PMID: 14973048 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as single agents in targeted cancer therapy has proven to be limited. Arming mAbs with a potent toxic drug could enhance their activity. Here we report that conjugating geldanamycin (GA) to the anti-HER2 mAb Herceptin improved the activity of Herceptin. The IC(50)s of the immunoconjugate H-GA were 10-200-fold lower than that of Herceptin in antiproliferative assays, depending on the cell line. The H-GA mode of action involved HER2 degradation, which was partially lactacystin sensitive and thus proteasome dependent. The linkage between GA and Herceptin remained stable in the circulation, as suggested by the pharmacokinetics of Herceptin and conjugated GA, which were almost identical and significantly different from that of free GA. Tumor uptake of Herceptin and H-GA were similar (52 +/- 7 and 43 +/- 7% of the initial injected dose per gram tissue, respectively; P = 0.077), indicating no apparent damage attributable to conjugation. Therapy experiments in xenograft-bearing mice consisted of weekly i.p. doses, 4 mg/kg for 4 months. H-GA showed a greater antitumor effect than Herceptin because it induced tumor regression in 69% of the recipients compared with 7% by Herceptin alone. Median survival time was 145 days as opposed to 78 days, and 31% of the recipients remained tumor free 2 months after therapy was terminated versus 0% in the Herceptin group. Enhancement of Herceptin activity could be of significant clinical value. In addition, the chemical linkage and the considerations in therapeutic regimen described here could be applied to other immunoconjugates for targeted therapy of a broad spectrum of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Mandler
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 5217, MSC 7840, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Polymeric micelle drug carrier systems: PEG-PAsp(Dox) and second generation of micellar drugs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 519:155-77. [PMID: 12675214 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47932-x_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Phramaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, UT, USA
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