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Powers JM, Briggs HM, Campbell DR. Natural selection on floral volatiles and other traits can change with snowmelt timing and summer precipitation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39329349 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is disrupting floral traits that mediate mutualistic and antagonistic species interactions. Plastic responses of these traits to multiple shifting conditions may be adaptive, depending on natural selection in new environments. We manipulated snowmelt date over three seasons (3-11 d earlier) in factorial combination with growing-season precipitation (normal, halved, or doubled) to measure plastic responses of volatile emissions and other floral traits in Ipomopsis aggregata. We quantified how precipitation and early snowmelt affected selection on traits by seed predators and pollinators. Within years, floral emissions did not respond to precipitation treatments but shifted with snowmelt treatment depending on the year. Across 3 yr, emissions correlated with both precipitation and snowmelt date. These effects were driven by changes in soil moisture. Selection on several traits changed with earlier snowmelt or reduced precipitation, in some cases driven by predispersal seed predation. Floral trait plasticity was not generally adaptive. Floral volatile emissions shifted in the face of two effects of climate change, and the new environments modulated selection imposed by interacting species. The complexity of the responses underscores the need for more studies of how climate change will affect floral volatiles and other floral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Powers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Heather M Briggs
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- College of Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA
| | - Diane R Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
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Llorens L, Tomàs J, Ferriol P, García MT, Gil L. Floral Aroma and Pollinator Relationships in Two Sympatric Late-Summer-Flowering Mediterranean Asparagus Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3219. [PMID: 37765383 PMCID: PMC10537274 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This research delves into plant-pollinator relationships within the Mediterranean region, focusing on two synchronous and sympatric asparagus species: A. acutifolius and A. albus. For the first time, the floral scents of the genus Asparagus are reported. We investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in their floral scents and their impact on pollinator attraction. Captured flower-emitted VOCs underwent solid-phase microextraction of headspace (SPME-HS) and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The investigation confirms distinctive aroma profiles for each species. A. albus predominantly emits benzene derivatives and sesquiterpenes, while A. acutifolius is characterized by carotenoid derivatives, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The only shared compounds between the two species are the sesquiterpenes (Z,E)-α-farnesene and (E,E)-α-farnesene. A positive correlation links peak floral aroma intensity (benzenoids in A. albus and ionones in A. acutifolius) with a higher pollinator visit frequency, emphasizing the critical role of intense floral scents in pollinator attraction. The study of reproductive aspects reveals almost complete gynodioecy in A. acutifolius, influencing unique dynamics for the two species. These adaptations hold significant importance within the Mediterranean ecosystem, particularly during the late dry summer period, when a limited number of plant species vie for a shared primary pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Llorens
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Joan Tomàs
- Department of Biology (Botany), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
| | - María Trinitat García
- Scientific and Technical Services, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Carretera de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Gil
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ctra. Palma-Valldemossa Km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (P.F.); (L.G.)
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Spatiotemporal Floral Scent Variation of Penstemon digitalis. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:641-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Beck JJ, Baig N, Cook D, Mahoney NE, Marsico TD. Semiochemicals from ex situ abiotically stressed cactus tissue: a contributing role of fungal spores? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12273-12276. [PMID: 25482874 DOI: 10.1021/jf505735g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiochemicals play a central role in communication between plants and insects, such as signaling the location of a suitable host. Fungi on host plants can also play an influential role in communicating certain plant vulnerabilities to an insect. The spiroketal conophthorin is an important semiochemical produced by developing fungal spores. Spiroketals are also used as signals for scolytid communication. Plants and fungi are known to emit varying volatile profiles under biotic and abiotic stress. This paper reports distinctive temporal-volatile profiles from three abiotic treatments, room temperature (control), -15 °C (cold), and -15 °C to room temperature (shock), of cactus tissue plugs. Volatiles from the three treatments included monoterpenes from control plugs, compounds of varying classes and origin at later stages for cold plugs, and known semiochemicals, including spiroketals, at later stages for shock plugs. The results highlight several important findings: a unique tissue source of the spiroketals; abiotic cold-shock stress is indicated as the cause of spiroketal production; and, given previous findings of spirogenesis, fungal spore involvement is a probable biosynthetic origin of the spiroketals. These findings suggest an important role of fungal volatiles as signaling plant vulnerability to insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Beck
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Bischoff M, Jürgens A, Campbell DR. Floral scent in natural hybrids of Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) and their parental species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:533-44. [PMID: 24355404 PMCID: PMC3906972 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral traits, such as floral volatiles, can contribute to pre-zygotic reproductive isolation by promoting species-specific pollinator foraging. When hybrid zones form, floral traits could also influence post-zygotic isolation. This study examined floral volatiles in parental species and natural hybrids in order to explore potential scent mediation of pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation. METHODS Floral bouquets were analysed for the sister species Ipomopsis aggregata and I. tenuituba and their natural hybrids at two contact sites differing in both hybridization rate and temporal foraging pattern of hawkmoth pollinators. Floral volatiles were quantified in diurnal and nocturnal scent samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS The bouquets of parental species and hybrids showed qualitative overlap. All flowers emitted similar sets of monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, aliphatic and benzenoid compounds, but separated into groups defined by multivariate analysis of quantitative emissions. The parental species differed most strikingly in the nitrogenous compound indole, which was found almost exclusively in nocturnal bouquets of I. tenuituba. Natural hybrid bouquets were highly variable, and showed emission rates of several compounds that appeared transgressive. However, indole emission rates were intermediate in the hybrids compared with rates in the parents. Volatile bouquets at the contact site with lower hybridization did not show greater species specificity in overall scent emission, but I. tenuituba presented a stronger indole signal during peak hawkmoth activity at that site. CONCLUSIONS The two species of Ipomopsis differed in patterns of floral bouquets, with indole emitted in nocturnal I. tenuituba, but not in I. aggregata. Natural hybrid bouquets were not consistently intermediate between the parents, although hybrids were intermediate in indole emission. The indole signal could potentially serve as a hawkmoth attractant that mediates reproductive isolation both before and after hybrid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Bischoff
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Andreas Jürgens
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Life Sciences, P. Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Diane R. Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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Randlkofer B, Obermaier E, Hilker M, Meiners T. Vegetation complexity—The influence of plant species diversity and plant structures on plant chemical complexity and arthropods. Basic Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sachet JM, Roques A, Després L. Linking patterns and processes of species diversification in the cone flies Strobilomyia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 41:606-21. [PMID: 16876446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytophagous insects provide useful models for the study of ecological speciation. Much attention has been paid to host shifts, whereas situations where closely related lineages of insects use the same plant during different time periods have been relatively neglected in previous studies of insect diversification. Flies of the genus Strobilomyia are major pests of conifers in Eurasia and North America. They are specialized feeders in cones and seeds of Abies (fir), Larix (larch) ,and Picea (spruce). This close association is accompanied by a large number of sympatric Strobilomyia species coexisting within each tree genus. We constructed a molecular phylogeny with a 1320 base-pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA that demonstrated contrasting patterns of speciation in larch cone flies, as opposed to spruce and fir cone flies; this despite their comparable geographic distributions and similar resource quality of the host. Species diversity is the highest on larch, and speciation is primarily driven by within-host phenological shifts, followed by allopatric speciation during geographical expansion. By contrast, fewer species exploit spruce and fir, and within-host phenological shifts did not occur. This study illustrates within-host adaptive radiation through phenological shifts, a neglected mode of sympatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Sachet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
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Adams JD, Garcia C. Women's health among the Chumash. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 3:125-31. [PMID: 16550233 PMCID: PMC1375244 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nek021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants were, and still are, widely used for a number of conditions affecting women in California. This article discusses traditional remedies of the Chumash for dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, feminine hygiene, heavy menstruation, urinary tract infections, parturition, lactation, infant care, menopause, sexually transmitted diseases, fertility, contraception and abortions. Many plants are presented including Artemisia douglasiana, Paeonia californica, Trichostema lanatum, Salvia apiana, Ephedra viridis, Leymus condensatus, Vitis californica, Eschscholzia californica, Rosa californica, Scirpus acutus, Anemopsis californica and Phoradendron macrophyllum. By providing the specific uses of plants for specific diseases and discussing chemistry, efficacy and safety concerns for each plant, we hope that this article gives direction to women seeking to use plants in their health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Adams
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles 90089-9121, USA.
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Després L, Cherif M. The role of competition in adaptive radiation: a field study on sequentially ovipositing host-specific seed predators. J Anim Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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