1
|
Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Neuroprotective Function of Rasagiline and Selegiline, Inhibitors of Type B Monoamine Oxidase, and Role of Monoamine Oxidases in Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911059. [PMID: 36232361 PMCID: PMC9570229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of toxic species of α-synuclein. The common clinical features are chronic progressive decline of motor, cognitive, behavioral, and autonomic functions. They include Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, and multiple system atrophy. Their etiology has not been clarified and multiple pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein degradation systems, and neuroinflammation. Current available therapy cannot prevent progressive neurodegeneration and “disease-modifying or neuroprotective” therapy has been proposed. This paper presents the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection by the inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. They prevent mitochondrial apoptosis, induce anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival brain- and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors. They also prevent toxic oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein. Monoamine oxidase is involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, independently of the catalytic activity. Type A monoamine oxidases mediates rasagiline-activated signaling pathways to induce neuroprotective genes in neuronal cells. Multi-targeting propargylamine derivatives have been developed for therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies have presented neuroprotection of rasagiline and selegiline, but beneficial effects have been scarcely presented. Strategy to improve clinical trials is discussed to achieve disease-modification in synucleinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-05-6173-1111 (ext. 3494); Fax: +81-561-731-142
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potential of Naturally Derived Alkaloids as Multi-Targeted Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030728. [PMID: 33573300 PMCID: PMC7866829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites that can be derived from plants, fungi and marine sponges. They are widely known as a continuous source of medicine for the management of chronic disease including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, galanthamine and huperzine A are alkaloid derivatives currently being used for the symptomatic management of neurodegenerative disease. The etiology of neurodegenerative diseases is polygenic and multifactorial including but not limited to inflammation, oxidative stress and protein aggregation. Therefore, natural-product-based alkaloids with polypharmacology modulation properties are potentially useful for further drug development or, to a lesser extent, as nutraceuticals to manage neurodegeneration. This review aims to discuss and summarise recent developments in relation to naturally derived alkaloids for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Maher S, Mahmoud M, Rizk M, Kalil H. Synthetic melanin nanoparticles as peroxynitrite scavengers, photothermal anticancer and heavy metals removal platforms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19115-19126. [PMID: 30982188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a ubiquitous natural polyphenolic pigment with versatile applications including physiological functions. This polymeric material is found in a diversity of living organisms from bacteria to mammals. The biocompatibility and thermal stability of melanin nanoparticles make them good candidates to work as free radical scavengers and photothermal anticancer substrates. Research studies have identified melanin as an antioxidative therapeutic agent and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger that includes neutralization of peroxynitrite. In addition, melanin nanoparticles have emerged as an anticancer photothermal platform that has the capability to kill cancer cells. Recently, melanin nanoparticles have been successfully used as chelating agents to purify water from heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium. This review article highlights some selected aspects of cutting-edge melanin applications. Herein, we will refer to the recent literature that addresses melanin nanoparticles and its useful physicochemical properties as a hot topic in biomaterial science. It is expected that the techniques of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) will have a strong impact on the full characterization of melanin nanoparticles and the subsequent exploration of their physiological and chemical mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Maher
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Rizk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Sharourah, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Haitham Kalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, 44601, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar S, Dang S, Nigam K, Ali J, Baboota S. Selegiline Nanoformulation in Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Upregulation of Dopamine in the Brain for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:464-476. [PMID: 29717617 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective of this study was to determine whether the prepared nanoemulsion would be able to deliver selegiline to the brain by intranasal route, improving its bioavailability. Antioxidant activity, pharmacokinetic parameters, and dopamine concentration were determined. Oxidative stress models, which had Parkinson's disease-like symptoms, were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of nanoemulsion loaded with selegiline in vivo. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power assay, which showed high scavenging efficiency for selegiline nanoemulsion compared to pure selegiline. Biochemical estimation results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione and superoxide dismutase, were increased, whereas the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were decreased in intranasally administered selegiline nanoemulsion-treated group when compared with haloperidol-induced Parkinson's disease group (control). Moreover, selegiline nanoemulsion was found to be successful in decreasing the dopamine loss, indicating that nanoemulsion is a potential approach for intranasal delivery of selegiline to decrease the damage due to free radicals, thus avoiding consequent biochemical alterations that arise during Parkinson's disease. Brain:blood ratio of 2.207 > 0.093 of selegiline-loaded nanoemulsion (intranasally administered) > selegiline solution (administered intravenously), respectively, at 0.5 hours showed direct nose-to-brain delivery of drug bypassing blood-brain barrier. Selegiline-loaded nanoemulsion administered intranasally showed significantly high dopamine concentration (16.61 ± 3.06 ng/mL) compared to haloperidol-treated rats (8.59 ± 1.00 ng/mL) (p < 0.05). In this way, intranasal delivery of selegiline nanoemulsion might play an important role in the better management of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Kumar
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology , Noida, India
| | - Kudeep Nigam
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology , Noida, India
| | - Javed Ali
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naoi M, Maruyama W, Inaba-Hasegawa K. Revelation in the neuroprotective functions of rasagiline and selegiline: the induction of distinct genes by different mechanisms. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:671-84. [PMID: 23739004 DOI: 10.1586/ern.13.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, cell death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra progresses and neuroprotective therapy is required to halt neuronal loss. In cellular and animal models, selegiline [(-)deprenyl] and rasagiline, inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B, protect neuronal cells from programmed cell death. In this paper, the authors review their recent results on the molecular mechanisms by which MAO inhibitors prevent the cell death through the induction of antiapoptotic, prosurvival genes. MAO-A mediates the induction of antiapoptotic bcl-2 and mao-a itself by rasagiline, whereas a different mechanism is associated with selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline preferentially increase GDNF and BDNF in nonhuman primates and Parkinsonian patients, respectively. Enhanced neurotrophic factors might be applicable to monitor the neurorescuing activity of neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rasagiline prevents apoptosis induced by PK11195, a ligand of the outer membrane translocator protein (18 kDa), in SH-SY5Y cells through suppression of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:1539-51. [PMID: 23681678 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline protects neuronal cells from cell death caused by various lines of insults. Its neuroprotective function is due to suppression of mitochondrial apoptosis signaling and induction of neuroprotective genes, including Bcl-2 and neurotrophic factors. Rasagiline inhibits the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, an initial stage in apoptosis, but the mechanism has been elusive. In this paper, it was investigated how rasagiline regulates mitochondrial death cascade in apoptosis induced in SH-SY5Y cells by PK11195, a ligand of the outer membrane translocator protein of 18 kDa. Rasagiline prevented release of cytochrome c (Cyt-c), and the following caspase 3 activation, ATP depletion and apoptosis, but did not inhibit the mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, in contrast to Bcl-2 overexpression. Rasagiline stabilized the mitochondrial contact site and suppressed Cyt-c release into cytoplasm, which should be the critical point for the regulation of apoptosis. Monoamine oxidase was not associated with anti-apoptotic activity of rasagiline in PK11195-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Causal effects of synthetic chemicals on mitochondrial deficits and diabetes pandemic. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:178-88. [PMID: 23389879 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial deficits cause many common age-associated diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, it has not been understood what causes mitochondrial damages and how to interrupt the development of the diseases in patients. Recent epidemiologic studies demonstrated a positive correlation between serum concentrations of environmental pollutants and insulin resistance/diabetes. Emerging data strongly suggest that some synthetic pollutants disturb the signaling pathway critical for energy homeostasis and insulin action. The synthetic chemicals are possibly involved in pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes as mitochondria-disturbing agents. In this review, we present a molecular scheme to address the contribution of environmental synthetic chemicals to this metabolic catastrophe. Efforts to identify synthetic chemicals with mitochondria-damaging activities may open a new era to develop effective therapeutic interventions against the worldwide-spreading metabolic disorder.
Collapse
|
8
|
A new class of β-carboline alkaloid-peptide conjugates with therapeutic efficacy in acute limb ischemia/reperfusion injury. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1453-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Dragoni S, Porcari V, Travagli M, Castagnolo D, Valoti M. Antioxidant properties of propargylamine derivatives: assessment of their ability to scavenge peroxynitrite. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:561-5. [PMID: 16597374 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.4.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A series of arylpropargylamines, variously substituted in the hydrogen in p-position and in the propargyl moiety, were studied as potential peroxynitrite scavengers. The scavenging activity of these compounds was evaluated through peroxynitrite (ONOO−)-mediated oxidation of dichlorofluorescin and linoleic acid by measuring the dichlorofluorescein formation and oxygen consumption, respectively. Among tested compounds, only 1-phenylpropargylamine (AP3) promoted concentration-dependent inhibition of ONOO−-induced dichlorofluorescin and linoleic acid oxidation with IC50 values of 637 and 63 μm, respectively. The AP3 spectral changes in UV-visible absorbance properties in the presence of peroxynitrite suggested the formation of a new compound. This was identified by gas-chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis as phenylpropargyl alcohol. Structure—activity relationship analysis indicated that the scavenging activity of AP3 was due to the aminopropargyl moiety and availability of the nitrogen electron pair. This data suggested that AP3 could be considered a lead compound for the synthesis of new ONOO− scavenger derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Szabó C, Ischiropoulos H, Radi R. Peroxynitrite: biochemistry, pathophysiology and development of therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007; 6:662-80. [PMID: 17667957 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1634] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite--the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide radical--is a short-lived oxidant species that is a potent inducer of cell death. Conditions in which the reaction products of peroxynitrite have been detected and in which pharmacological inhibition of its formation or its decomposition have been shown to be of benefit include vascular diseases, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, circulatory shock, inflammation, pain and neurodegeneration. In this Review, we first discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology of peroxynitrite and then focus on pharmacological strategies to attenuate the toxic effects of peroxynitrite. These include its catalytic reduction to nitrite and its isomerization to nitrate by metalloporphyrins, which have led to potential candidates for drug development for cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07103-2714, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Improvement of mouse brain mitochondrial function after deprenyl treatment. Neuroscience 2006; 144:685-93. [PMID: 17084986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deprenyl is a selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor, widely used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present study shows that deprenyl treatment was able to improve mitochondrial function. Fourteen month old mice were injected i.p. with deprenyl (20 mg/kg) and killed 1.5 h after the administration. Different brain subcellular fractions were isolated from control and deprenyl-treated animals to evaluate the effect of deprenyl on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and calcium-induced permeability transition (MPT) were studied in intact mitochondria. In addition, the effect of deprenyl on respiratory complexes and MAO activities were evaluated in submitochondrial particles (SMP). Monoamine oxidase activity was found to be decreased by 55% in mitochondria from deprenyl-treated animals and as a consequence, H(2)O(2) production was significantly decreased. Deprenyl inhibited NOS activity in cytosolic fractions and SMP by 40% and 55%, respectively. In similar conditions, SMP from deprenyl-treated animals showed increased cytochrome oxidase activity. A 51% increase in the oxygen uptake in state 3 (active respiration state) was found after deprenyl treatment, but no significant changes were observed in state 4 (resting respiration state). Deprenyl treatment protected against calcium-induced depolarization and was able to inhibit calcium-induced MPT. This work provides evidence that deprenyl treatment exerts an improvement of brain mitochondrial function, through a reduction of free radical production, prevention of calcium-induced MPT and maintaining a mitochondrial transmembrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Czerniczyniec
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Czerniczyniec A, Bustamante J, Lores-Arnaiz S. Modulation of brain mitochondrial function by deprenyl. Neurochem Int 2006; 48:235-41. [PMID: 16289465 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study shows that deprenyl, a known inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B), may generate changes in mitochondrial function. Brain submitochondrial membranes (SMP), synaptosomes and cytosolic fractions were incubated with different deprenyl concentrations and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was measured. The effect of deprenyl on oxygen consumption, calcium-induced permeability transition and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production rates was studied in intact mitochondria. Respiratory complexes and monoamine oxidase activities were also measured in submitochondrial membranes. Incubation of brain submitochondrial membranes with deprenyl 10, 25 and 50 microM inhibited nitric oxide synthase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The same effect was observed in cytosolic fractions and synaptosomes. Monoamine oxidase activity was inhibited at lower deprenyl concentrations (from 0.5 microM). Cytochrome oxidase (complex IV) activity was found 42% increased in the presence of 25 microM deprenyl in a condition of maximal nitric oxide synthase activity. Incubation of brain mitochondria with deprenyl 25 microM produced a 60% increase in oxygen uptake in state 3, but no significant changes were observed in state 4. Pre-incubation of brain mitochondria with deprenyl 0.5 and 1 microM inhibited calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and decreased hydrogen peroxide production rates. Our results suggest that in vitro effects of deprenyl on mitochondrial function can occur through two different mechanisms, involving nitric oxide synthase inhibition and decreased hydrogen peroxide production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Analía Czerniczyniec
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Marchi U, Pietrangeli P, Marcocci L, Mondovì B, Toninello A. l-Deprenyl as an inhibitor of menadione-induced permeability transition in liver mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1749-54. [PMID: 14563485 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
L-Deprenyl, an inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B (MAO B), inhibits the swelling of liver mitochondria induced by the pro-oxidant 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone with a K(i) dependent on quinone concentration. L-Deprenyl also inhibits the collapse of membrane potential, cation efflux, pyridine nucleotide oxidation and cytochrome c release, all events which accompany the osmotic change and are typical of membrane permeability transition induction, thus emphasizing the inhibitory effect of the drug on this phenomenon. Results show that this inhibition is not due to the effect of L-deprenyl on monoamine oxidase activity but is most likely due to a direct interaction of the drug with the pore forming structures. It is here proposed that L-deprenyl, being a propargylamine, at physiological pH has a protonated amino group able to interact with critical aromatic or anionic amino acidic residues. As a consequence, the opening of the transition pore is prevented. These results indicate a more generalized protective effect of L-deprenyl on mitochondrial functions, involving the inhibition of membrane permeability transition induced not only by the oxidation of substrates of MAO B, but also by pro-oxidant agents such as 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone, which does not involve MAO B activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|