1
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Rathor L, Curry S, Park Y, McElroy T, Robles B, Sheng Y, Chen WW, Min K, Xiao R, Lee MH, Han SM. Mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons non-cell autonomously regulates organismal health and aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585932. [PMID: 38585797 PMCID: PMC10996468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial stress within the nervous system can trigger non-cell autonomous responses in peripheral tissues. However, the specific neurons involved and their impact on organismal aging and health have remained incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial stress in γ-aminobutyric acid-producing (GABAergic) neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) is sufficient to significantly alter organismal lifespan, stress tolerance, and reproductive capabilities. This mitochondrial stress also leads to significant changes in mitochondrial mass, energy production, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). DAF-16/FoxO activity is enhanced by GABAergic neuronal mitochondrial stress and mediates the induction of these non-cell-autonomous effects. Moreover, our findings indicate that GABA signaling operates within the same pathway as mitochondrial stress in GABAergic neurons, resulting in non-cell-autonomous alterations in organismal stress tolerance and longevity. In summary, these data suggest the crucial role of GABAergic neurons in detecting mitochondrial stress and orchestrating non-cell-autonomous changes throughout the organism.
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2
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Calabrese EJ, Nascarella M, Pressman P, Hayes AW, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Agathokleous E. Hormesis determines lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102181. [PMID: 38182079 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper addresses how long lifespan can be extended via multiple interventions, such as dietary supplements [e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, complex phytochemical mixtures (e.g., Moringa, Rhodiola)], pharmaceutical agents (e.g., metformin), caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, exercise and other activities. This evaluation was framed within the context of hormesis, a biphasic dose response with specific quantitative features describing the limits of biological/phenotypic plasticity for integrative biological endpoints (e.g., cell proliferation, memory, fecundity, growth, tissue repair, stem cell population expansion/differentiation, longevity). Evaluation of several hundred lifespan extending agents using yeast, nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), multiple insect and other invertebrate and vertebrate models (e.g., fish, rodents), revealed they responded in a manner [average (mean/median) and maximum lifespans] consistent with the quantitative features [i.e., 30-60% greater at maximum (Hormesis Rule)] of the hormetic dose response. These lifespan extension features were independent of biological model, inducing agent, endpoints measured and mechanism. These findings indicate that hormesis describes the capacity to extend life via numerous agents and activities and that the magnitude of lifespan extension is modest, in the percentage, not fold, range. These findings have important implications for human aging, genetic diseases/environmental stresses and lifespan extension, as well as public health practices and long-term societal resource planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences; University of Massachusetts, Morrill I - Room N344, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Marc Nascarella
- Mass College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University; School of Arts and Sciences, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Pressman
- University of Maine, 5728 Fernald Hall, Room 201, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental Occupational Risk Analysis and Management; College of Public Health; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Nanjing 210044, China
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3
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Lin Y, Lin C, Cao Y, Chen Y. Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model for the identification of natural antioxidants with anti-aging actions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115594. [PMID: 37776641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have recently emerged as a highly exciting and significant topic in anti-aging research. Diverse organism models present a viable protocol for future research. Notably, many breakthroughs on natural antioxidants have been achieved in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, an animal model frequently utilized for the study of aging research and anti-aging drugs in vivo. Due to the conservation of signaling pathways on oxidative stress resistance, lifespan regulation, and aging disease between C. elegans and multiple high-level organisms (humans), as well as the low and controllable cost of time and labor, it gradually develops into a trustworthy in vivo model for high-throughput screening and validation of natural antioxidants with anti-aging actions. First, information and models on free radicals and aging are presented in this review. We also describe indexes, detection methods, and molecular mechanisms for studying the in vivo antioxidant and anti-aging effects of natural antioxidants using C. elegans. It includes lifespan, physiological aging processes, oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzyme activation, and anti-aging pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress and healthspan improvement induced by natural antioxidants in humans and C. elegans are compared, to understand the potential and limitations of the screening model in preclinical studies. Finally, we emphasize that C. elegans is a useful model for exploring more natural antioxidant resources and uncovering the mechanisms underlying aging-related risk factors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Lin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528400, China; Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunxiu Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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4
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Balmorez T, Sakazaki A, Murakami S. Genetic Networks of Alzheimer's Disease, Aging, and Longevity in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065178. [PMID: 36982253 PMCID: PMC10049434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genomic analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genes that are risk factors for early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD genes). Although the genetics of aging and longevity have been extensively studied, previous studies have focused on a specific set of genes that have been shown to contribute to or are a risk factor for AD. Thus, the connections among the genes involved in AD, aging, and longevity are not well understood. Here, we identified the genetic interaction networks (referred to as pathways) of aging and longevity within the context of AD by using a gene set enrichment analysis by Reactome that cross-references more than 100 bioinformatic databases to allow interpretation of the biological functions of gene sets through a wide variety of gene networks. We validated the pathways with a threshold of p-value < 1.00 × 10-5 using the databases to extract lists of 356 AD genes, 307 aging-related (AR) genes, and 357 longevity genes. There was a broad range of biological pathways involved in AR and longevity genes shared with AD genes. AR genes identified 261 pathways within the threshold of p < 1.00 × 10-5, of which 26 pathways (10% of AR gene pathways) were further identified by overlapping genes among AD and AR genes. The overlapped pathways included gene expression (p = 4.05 × 10-11) including ApoE, SOD2, TP53, and TGFB1 (p = 2.84 × 10-10); protein metabolism and SUMOylation, including E3 ligases and target proteins (p = 1.08 × 10-7); ERBB4 signal transduction (p = 2.69 × 10-6); the immune system, including IL-3 and IL-13 (p = 3.83 × 10-6); programmed cell death (p = 4.36 × 10-6); and platelet degranulation (p = 8.16 × 10-6), among others. Longevity genes identified 49 pathways within the threshold, of which 12 pathways (24% of longevity gene pathways) were further identified by overlapping genes among AD and longevity genes. They include the immune system, including IL-3 and IL-13 (p = 7.64 × 10-8), plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling and clearance (p < 4.02 × 10-6), and the metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins (p = 1.96 × 10-5). Thus, this study provides shared genetic hallmarks of aging, longevity, and AD backed up by statistical significance. We discuss the significant genes involved in these pathways, including TP53, FOXO, SUMOylation, IL4, IL6, APOE, and CEPT, and suggest that mapping the gene network pathways provide a useful basis for further medical research on AD and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Balmorez
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Amy Sakazaki
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Shin Murakami
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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5
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Choi HS, Bhat A, Howington MB, Schaller ML, Cox RL, Huang S, Beydoun S, Miller HA, Tuckowski AM, Mecano J, Dean ES, Jensen L, Beard DA, Evans CR, Leiser SF. FMO rewires metabolism to promote longevity through tryptophan and one carbon metabolism in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:562. [PMID: 36732543 PMCID: PMC9894935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are promiscuous enzymes known for metabolizing a wide range of exogenous compounds. In C. elegans, fmo-2 expression increases lifespan and healthspan downstream of multiple longevity-promoting pathways through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that, beyond its classification as a xenobiotic enzyme, fmo-2 expression leads to rewiring of endogenous metabolism principally through changes in one carbon metabolism (OCM). These changes are likely relevant, as we find that genetically modifying OCM enzyme expression leads to alterations in longevity that interact with fmo-2 expression. Using computer modeling, we identify decreased methylation as the major OCM flux modified by FMO-2 that is sufficient to recapitulate its longevity benefits. We further find that tryptophan is decreased in multiple mammalian FMO overexpression models and is a validated substrate for FMO-2. Our resulting model connects a single enzyme to two previously unconnected key metabolic pathways and provides a framework for the metabolic interconnectivity of longevity-promoting pathways such as dietary restriction. FMOs are well-conserved enzymes that are also induced by lifespan-extending interventions in mice, supporting a conserved and important role in promoting health and longevity through metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sub Choi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ajay Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Marshall B Howington
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Megan L Schaller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cox
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shijiao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Safa Beydoun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hillary A Miller
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Angela M Tuckowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joy Mecano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Dean
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lindy Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Charles R Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Scott F Leiser
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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6
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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7
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Ward K, Cleare X, Li-Byarlay H. The Life Span and Levels of Oxidative Stress in Foragers Between Feral and Managed Honey Bee Colonies. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 35137132 PMCID: PMC8826185 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular damage caused by oxidative stress may lead to organismal aging and result in acute mortality to organisms. Thus, oxidative stress resistance and longevity are closely linked. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are the most important managed pollinator in agriculture, but the long-term survival of honey bees is seriously threatened. Feral honey bee colonies can be used as natural resources to improve honey bee health. One question we ask here is whether feral honey bees are stress resistant or survive longer than managed bee populations. More work is needed to determine the impact of oxidative stress on honey bee health and survival. In this study, we used paired colony designs to compare the life span of worker bees (foragers) between feral and managed colonies and their levels of oxidative stress. Each pair of colonies shared similar foraging resources. The results indicated that foragers in feral colonies had longer survival times and life spans than those in managed colonies. The levels of oxidative stress from lipid damage content in feral colonies were higher than those in managed colonies, indicating that they used a tolerance mechanism rather than a repair mechanism to survive. Our study provides new insights into a colony difference in the physiology and oxidative stress resistance of feral honey bees compared with managed colony stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilea Ward
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Xaryn Cleare
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
| | - Hongmei Li-Byarlay
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
- Agricultural Research and Development Program, Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
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8
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Ukraintseva S, Duan M, Arbeev K, Wu D, Bagley O, Yashkin AP, Gorbunova G, Akushevich I, Kulminski A, Yashin A. Interactions Between Genes From Aging Pathways May Influence Human Lifespan and Improve Animal to Human Translation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692020. [PMID: 34490245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of aging research is identifying genetic targets that could be used to slow or reverse aging - changes in the body and extend limits of human lifespan. However, majority of genes that showed the anti-aging and pro-survival effects in animal models were not replicated in humans, with few exceptions. Potential reasons for this lack of translation include a highly conditional character of genetic influence on lifespan, and its heterogeneity, meaning that better survival may be result of not only activity of individual genes, but also gene-environment and gene-gene interactions, among other factors. In this paper, we explored associations of genetic interactions with human lifespan. We selected candidate genes from well-known aging pathways (IGF1/FOXO growth signaling, P53/P16 apoptosis/senescence, and mTOR/SK6 autophagy and survival) that jointly decide on outcomes of cell responses to stress and damage, and so could be prone to interactions. We estimated associations of pairwise statistical epistasis between SNPs in these genes with survival to age 85+ in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, and found significant (FDR < 0.05) effects of interactions between SNPs in IGF1R, TGFBR2, and BCL2 on survival 85+. We validated these findings in the Cardiovascular Health Study sample, with P < 0.05, using survival to age 85+, and to the 90th percentile, as outcomes. Our results show that interactions between SNPs in genes from the aging pathways influence survival more significantly than individual SNPs in the same genes, which may contribute to heterogeneity of lifespan, and to lack of animal to human translation in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matt Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Deqing Wu
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Arseniy P Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Galina Gorbunova
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexander Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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9
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Wu X, Al-Amin M, Zhao C, An F, Wang Y, Huang Q, Teng H, Song H. Catechinic acid, a natural polyphenol compound, extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via mitophagy pathways. Food Funct 2021; 11:5621-5634. [PMID: 32530444 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catechinic acid (CA), widely present in tea and fruits, has vital biological and pharmacological properties. CA plays an important role in the regulation of lifespan. However, the mechanism behind its anti-aging properties remains poorly characterized. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism. It was found that CA induced mitophagy which prevented the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with age and profoundly extended lifespan. Notably, CA significantly improved the fitness of aging worms, particularly the treatment slowed age-related decline in observed spontaneous movements. Furthermore, CA was found to eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria in the gut and muscle cells, and demonstrated that the lifespan-prolonging effects of CA can be attributed to mitophagy along with the likely regulation of the genes bec-1 and pink-1. The results of this study indicated that pharmacologically induced mitophagy has a profound impact on aging, providing a novel therapeutic intervention against aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Amin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. and Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengping An
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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10
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Yousefzadeh M, Henpita C, Vyas R, Soto-Palma C, Robbins P, Niedernhofer L. DNA damage-how and why we age? eLife 2021; 10:62852. [PMID: 33512317 PMCID: PMC7846274 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that results in loss of the ability to reattain homeostasis following stress, leading, thereby, to increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Many factors contribute to aging, such as the time-dependent accumulation of macromolecular damage, including DNA damage. The integrity of the nuclear genome is essential for cellular, tissue, and organismal health. DNA damage is a constant threat because nucleic acids are chemically unstable under physiological conditions and vulnerable to attack by endogenous and environmental factors. To combat this, all organisms possess highly conserved mechanisms to detect and repair DNA damage. Persistent DNA damage (genotoxic stress) triggers signaling cascades that drive cells into apoptosis or senescence to avoid replicating a damaged genome. The drawback is that these cancer avoidance mechanisms promote aging. Here, we review evidence that DNA damage plays a causal role in aging. We also provide evidence that genotoxic stress is linked to other cellular processes implicated as drivers of aging, including mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, altered proteostasis and inflammation. These links between damage to the genetic code and other pillars of aging support the notion that DNA damage could be the root of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Chathurika Henpita
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Rajesh Vyas
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Carolina Soto-Palma
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Paul Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Laura Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
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11
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Decline in biological resilience as key manifestation of aging: Potential mechanisms and role in health and longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111418. [PMID: 33340523 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decline in biological resilience (ability to recover) is a key manifestation of aging that contributes to increase in vulnerability to death with age eventually limiting longevity even in people without major chronic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of this decline is essential for developing efficient anti-aging and pro-longevity interventions. In this paper we discuss: a) mechanisms of the decline in resilience with age, and aging components that contribute to this decline, including depletion of body reserves, imperfect repair mechanisms, and slowdown of physiological processes and responses with age; b) anti-aging interventions that may improve resilience or attenuate its decline; c) biomarkers of resilience available in human and experimental studies; and d) genetic factors that could influence resilience. There are open questions about optimal anti-aging interventions that would oppose the decline in resilience along with extending longevity limits. However, the area develops quickly, and prospects are exciting.
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12
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Dues DJ, Andrews EK, Senchuk MM, Van Raamsdonk JM. Resistance to Stress Can Be Experimentally Dissociated From Longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1206-1214. [PMID: 30247515 PMCID: PMC6625593 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of multiple experiments demonstrating that high resistance to stress is associated with long lifespan, it has been proposed that stress resistance is a key determinant of longevity. However, the extent to which high resistance to stress is necessary or sufficient for long life is currently unclear. In this work, we use a genetic approach to disrupt different stress response pathways and examine the resulting effect on the longevity of the long-lived insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) receptor mutant daf-2. Although mutation of the heat shock factor gene hsf-1, deletion of sod genes, deletion of the p38 MAPK kinase gene pmk-1, or deletion of the transcription factor gene egl-27 all resulted in decreased resistance to at least one form of stress and decreased lifespan, the magnitude of change in stress resistance did not correspond to the magnitude of change in lifespan. In addition, we found that deletion of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 or deletion of the DAF-16 cofactor gene nhl-1 also results in decreased resistance to at least one form of stress but increases lifespan. Overall, our results suggest that while increased stress resistance is associated with longevity, stress resistance, and lifespan can be experimentally dissociated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Dues
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Emily K Andrews
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Megan M Senchuk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Laboratory of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease, Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program.,Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Brunetti G, Di Rosa G, Scuto M, Leri M, Stefani M, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Calabrese V, Saul N. Healthspan Maintenance and Prevention of Parkinson's-like Phenotypes with Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein Aglycone in C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072588. [PMID: 32276415 PMCID: PMC7178172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies highlighted the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in maintaining health, especially during ageing. Even neurodegeneration, which is part of the natural ageing process, as well as the foundation of ageing-related neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (PD), was successfully targeted by MD. In this regard, olive oil and its polyphenolic constituents have received increasing attention in the last years. Thus, this study focuses on two main olive oil polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein aglycone (OLE), and their effects on ageing symptoms with special attention to PD. In order to avoid long-lasting, expensive, and ethically controversial experiments, the established invertebrate model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was used to test HT and OLE treatments. Interestingly, both polyphenols were able to increase the survival after heat stress, but only HT could prolong the lifespan in unstressed conditions. Furthermore, in aged worms, HT and OLE caused improvements of locomotive behavior and the attenuation of autofluorescence as a marker for ageing. In addition, by using three different C. elegans PD models, HT and OLE were shown i) to enhance locomotion in worms suffering from α-synuclein-expression in muscles or rotenone exposure, ii) to reduce α-synuclein accumulation in muscles cells, and iii) to prevent neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-containing dopaminergic neurons. Hormesis, antioxidative capacities and an activity-boost of the proteasome & phase II detoxifying enzymes are discussed as potential underlying causes for these beneficial effects. Further biological and medical trials are indicated to assess the full potential of HT and OLE and to uncover their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brunetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (G.D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Gabriele Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (G.D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (G.D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Area of Medicine and Health of the Child of the University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6 - 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.B.); (G.D.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadine Saul
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (N.S.)
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14
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Turner MJ, Cox JK, Spellman AC, Stahl C, Bavari S. Avoidance behavior independent of innate-immune signaling seen in Caenorhabditis elegans challenged with Bacillus anthracis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103453. [PMID: 31326564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small organisms, like the nematode C. elegans, are emerging as insightful models in which to study host/pathogen interactions and the evolving interplay between host defenses and microbial offenses. In C. elegans the innate immune response has been shown to be connected to the DAF-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signal pathway, a critical transduction pathway that mediates stress response in the worms via the DAF-16 FOXO/forkhead transcription factor. Our studies of the C. elegans' phenotypes that are associated with behavioral innate immune response (avoidance behavior) and IGF-1 signaling perturbations (lifespan effects) led us to question the cause of the avoidance behavior observed when C. elegans are challenged with B. anthracis. While worms indeed avoid B. anthracis, and this behavior seems to be partly tied to IGF-1 signaling, the bacteria have neither nematocidal nor visible pathogenic effects on the worms. In fact, worms fed B. anthracis alone exhibit extended lifespans. We demonstrate that the extended lifespan phenotype seen in worms fed B. anthracis is likely the result of calorie restriction, and that worms do not eat B. anthracis even when avoidance behaviors have been suppressed. We further demonstrate a large time lag between the onset of avoidance behavior (which occurs upon contact with B. anthracis), and the induction of IGF-1 signaling (which occurs much later) in worms fed B. anthracis. Taken together, our data demonstrate behavioral avoidance that does not appear to be linked to a measurable immune response. We propose that, in some situations, avoidance behaviors categorized as immunological might be more accurately described as broad foraging behaviors induced in worms presented with a non-preferred food choice, or with a food choice that is either difficult or impossible for the worms to ingest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Turner
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, 16300 Old Emmitsburg Rd, Emmitsburg, MD, 21727, USA; Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Justin K Cox
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, 16300 Old Emmitsburg Rd, Emmitsburg, MD, 21727, USA.
| | - Anthony C Spellman
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's University, 16300 Old Emmitsburg Rd, Emmitsburg, MD, 21727, USA.
| | - Craig Stahl
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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15
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Song J, Chen M, Li Z, Zhang J, Hu H, Tong X, Dai F. Astragalus Polysaccharide Extends Lifespan via Mitigating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Aging Dis 2019; 10:1187-1198. [PMID: 31788331 PMCID: PMC6844597 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been widely used to improve glucose homeostasis and immunoregulator properties. In recent years, it has also been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, our study shows that APS could significantly extend adult stage, mean, and maximum lifespan of the silkworm, Bombyx mori and increase body weight without affecting food intake and fecundity. Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase are significantly enhanced, and the reaction oxygen species content is reduced concomitantly. Moreover, the activity of lysozyme is increased dramatically. In addition, APS rescues the shortened lifespan by Bacillus thuringiensis infection in silkworm. Furthermore, the transcription of the crucial genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated upon the endoplasmic reticulum stress stimulation. APS also significantly ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in silkworm cell line and in vivo. Together, the results of this study indicate that APS can prolong the silkworm lifespan by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of APS-induced lifespan extension and highlights the importance of the silkworm as an experimental animal for evaluating the effects and revealing the mechanisms in lifespan extension of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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16
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Caenorhabditis Elegans and Probiotics Interactions from a Prolongevity Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205020. [PMID: 31658751 PMCID: PMC6834311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics exert beneficial effects on host health through different mechanisms of action, such as production of antimicrobial substances, competition with pathogens, enhancement of host mucosal barrier integrity and immunomodulation. In the context of ageing, which is characterized by several physiological alterations leading to a low grade inflammatory status called inflammageing, evidences suggest a potential prolongevity role of probiotics. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying anti-ageing effects requires the use of simple model systems. To this respect, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans represents a suitable model organism for the study of both host-microbe interactions and for ageing studies, because of conserved signaling pathways and host defense mechanisms involved in the regulation of its lifespan. Therefore, this review analyses the impact of probiotics on C. elegans age-related parameters, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, immunity, inflammation and protection from pathogen infections. The picture emerging from our analysis highlights that several probiotic strains are able to exert anti-ageing effects in nematodes by acting on common molecular pathways, such as insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IIS) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In this perspective, C. elegans appears to be advantageous for shedding light on key mechanisms involved in host prolongevity in response to probiotics supplementation.
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17
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Garcia-Moreno JC, Porta de la Riva M, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E, Cañuelo A. Tyrosol, a simple phenol from EVOO, targets multiple pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:60-68. [PMID: 31404721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder involving α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, oxidative stress, dysregulation of redox metal homeostasis, and neurotoxicity. Different phenolic compounds with known antioxidant or antichelating properties have been shown to also interfere with aggregation of amyloid proteins and modulate intracellular signaling pathways. The present study aims to investigate for the first time the effect of tyrosol (TYR), a simple phenol present in extra-virgin olive oil, on α-syn aggregation in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of PD and evaluate its potential to prevent α-syn toxicity, neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress in this model organism. Our results show that TYR is effective in reducing α-syn inclusions, resulting in a lower toxicity and extended life span of treated nematodes. Moreover, TYR delayed α-syn-dependent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. TYR treatment also reduced reactive oxygen species level and promoted the expression of specific chaperones and antioxidant enzymes. Overall, our study puts into perspective TYR potential to be considered as nutraceutical that targets pivotal causal factors in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Porta de la Riva
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, C. elegans Core Facility, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Lara
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Eva Siles
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Ana Cañuelo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
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18
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Niedernhofer LJ, Gurkar AU, Wang Y, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Robbins PD. Nuclear Genomic Instability and Aging. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 87:295-322. [PMID: 29925262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear genome decays as organisms age. Numerous studies demonstrate that the burden of several classes of DNA lesions is greater in older mammals than in young mammals. More challenging is proving this is a cause rather than a consequence of aging. The DNA damage theory of aging, which argues that genomic instability plays a causal role in aging, has recently gained momentum. Support for this theory stems partly from progeroid syndromes in which inherited defects in DNA repair increase the burden of DNA damage leading to accelerated aging of one or more organs. Additionally, growing evidence shows that DNA damage accrual triggers cellular senescence and metabolic changes that promote a decline in tissue function and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. Here, we examine multiple lines of evidence correlating nuclear DNA damage with aging. We then consider how, mechanistically, nuclear genotoxic stress could promote aging. We conclude that the evidence, in toto, supports a role for DNA damage as a nidus of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Michael F. Price Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
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19
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Bartke A, Quainoo N. Impact of Growth Hormone-Related Mutations on Mammalian Aging. Front Genet 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 30542372 PMCID: PMC6278173 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of a single gene can lead to a major increase in longevity in organisms ranging from yeast and worms to insects and mammals. Discovering these mutations (sometimes referred to as “longevity genes”) led to identification of evolutionarily conserved molecular, cellular, and organismal mechanisms of aging. Studies in mice provided evidence for the important role of growth hormone (GH) signaling in mammalian aging. Mice with mutations or gene deletions leading to GH deficiency or GH resistance have reduced body size and delayed maturation, but are healthier and more resistant to stress, age slower, and live longer than their normal (wild type) siblings. Mutations of the same genes in people can provide remarkable protection from age-related disease, but have no consistent impact on lifespan. Ongoing research indicates that genetic defects in GH signaling are linked to extension of healthspan and lifespan via a variety of interlocking mechanism, including improvements in genome and stem cell maintenance, stress resistance, glucose homeostasis, and thermogenesis, along with reductions in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 complex signaling and in chronic low grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Nana Quainoo
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States
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20
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Killed Bifidobacterium longum enhanced stress tolerance and prolonged life span of Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:872-880. [PMID: 30178731 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are bacteria among the intestinal flora that are beneficial for human health. Bifidobacterium longum (BL) is a prototypical probiotic that is widely used in yogurt making, supplements and others. Although various physiological effects of BL have been reported, those associated with longevity and anti-ageing still remain elusive. Here we aimed to elucidate the physiological effects of killed BL (BR-108) on stress tolerance and longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans and their mechanisms. Worms fed killed BL in addition to Escherichia coli (OP50) displayed reduced body length in a BL dose-dependent manner. When compared with those fed E. coli alone, these worms had a higher survival rate following heat stress at 35°C and hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. A general decrease in motility was observed over time in all worms; however, killed BL-fed ageing worms displayed increased movement and longer life span than those fed E. coli alone. However, the longevity effect was suppressed in sir-2.1, daf-16 and skn-1-deficient worms. Killed BL induced DAF-16 nuclear localisation and increased the expression of the DAF-16 target gene hsp-12.6. These results revealed that the physiological effects of killed BL in C. elegans were mediated by DAF-16 activation. These findings contradict previous observations with different Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, which showed the role for SKN-1 independently of DAF-16.
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21
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Keller J, Borzekowski A, Haase H, Menzel R, Rueß L, Koch M. Toxicity Assay for Citrinin, Zearalenone and Zearalenone-14-Sulfate Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as Model Organism. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10070284. [PMID: 29987228 PMCID: PMC6070962 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To keep pace with the rising number of detected mycotoxins, there is a growing need for fast and reliable toxicity tests to assess potential threats to food safety. Toxicity tests with the bacterial-feeding nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as the model organism are well established. In this study the C. elegans wildtype strain N2 (var. Bristol) was used to investigate the toxic effects of the food-relevant mycotoxins citrinin (CIT) and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEA-14-S) and zearalenone (ZEA) on different life cycle parameters including reproduction, thermal and oxidative stress resistance and lifespan. The metabolization of the mycotoxins by the nematodes in vivo was investigated using HPLC-MS/MS. ZEA was metabolized in vivo to the reduced isomers α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-ZEL. ZEA-14-S was reduced to α-/β-ZEL-14-sulfate and CIT was metabolized to mono-hydroxylated CIT. All mycotoxins tested led to a significant decrease in the number of nematode offspring produced. ZEA and CIT displayed negative effects on stress tolerance levels and for CIT an additional shortening of the mean lifespan was observed. In the case of ZEA-14-S, however, the mean lifespan was prolonged. The presented study shows the applicability of C. elegans for toxicity testing of emerging food mycotoxins for the purpose of assigning potential health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Keller
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Antje Borzekowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hajo Haase
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralph Menzel
- Institute of Biology, Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Liliane Rueß
- Institute of Biology, Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Koch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Drosophila larvae fed palm fruit juice (PFJ) delay pupation via expression regulation of hormetic stress response genes linked to ageing and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:198-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Yanai H, Budovsky A, Barzilay T, Tacutu R, Fraifeld VE. Wide-scale comparative analysis of longevity genes and interventions. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1267-1275. [PMID: 28836369 PMCID: PMC5676071 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genes, when manipulated, affect the lifespan of model organisms (yeast, worm, fruit fly, and mouse) and thus can be defined as longevity-associated genes (LAGs). A major challenge is to determine whether these LAGs are model-specific or may play a universal role as longevity regulators across diverse taxa. A wide-scale comparative analysis of the 1805 known LAGs across 205 species revealed that (i) LAG orthologs are substantially overrepresented, from bacteria to mammals, compared to the entire genomes or interactomes, and this was especially noted for essential LAGs; (ii) the effects on lifespan, when manipulating orthologous LAGs in different model organisms, were mostly concordant, despite a high evolutionary distance between them; (iii) LAGs that have orthologs across a high number of phyla were enriched in translational processes, energy metabolism, and DNA repair genes; (iv) LAGs that have no orthologs out of the taxa in which they were discovered were enriched in autophagy (Ascomycota/Fungi), G proteins (Nematodes), and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions (Chordata). The results also suggest that antagonistic pleiotropy might be a conserved principle of aging and highlight the importance of overexpression studies in the search for longevity regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Yanai
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev POB 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Arie Budovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev POB 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
- Biotechnology Unit Technological Center Beer Sheva 8489101 Israel
| | - Thomer Barzilay
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev POB 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
| | - Robi Tacutu
- Computational Biology of Aging Group Institute of Biochemistry Romanian Academy Bucharest 060031 Romania
- Chronos Biosystems SRL Bucharest Romania
| | - Vadim E. Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev POB 653 Beer Sheva 8410501 Israel
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24
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Sumaya NH, Gohil R, Okolo C, Addis T, Doerfler V, Ehlers RU, Molina C. Applying inbreeding, hybridization and mutagenesis to improve oxidative stress tolerance and longevity of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 151:50-58. [PMID: 29108857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor shelf-life and sensitivity to environmental stress of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are traits, which deserve attention for improvement. Recently, a strong positive correlation between oxidative stress tolerance and longevity of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora dauer juveniles (DJs) has been reported. In this study, the improvement of H. bacteriophora DJ longevity was achieved by hybridization and mutagenesis. A hybrid pool deriving from two oxidative stress tolerant and long-living parental strains was generated. This hybrid AU1 × HU2 survived 2.6 days and 18 days longer than its best parent under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. In addition to the natural genetic variability, an EMS-mutant pool (M-OXI) with high longevity was generated and one of the derived mutagenized inbred lines (MOX-IL6) survived 5.8 days and 28.4 days longer than its donor line (IL3) under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. A genetic cross between the mutagenized inbred line and its donor line (MOX-IL × IL3) still survived 2.5 days and 18.5 days longer than the donor line under oxidative stress and control conditions, respectively. Concerning virulence and reproductive potential, trade-off effects were not observed as a result of hybridization and mutagenesis. These results underline the potential of classical genetic approaches for trait improvement in the nematode H. bacteriophora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Hope Sumaya
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Riddhi Gohil
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Okolo
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Temesgen Addis
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Verena Doerfler
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Carlos Molina
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
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Kim JS, Kim SH, Park SK. Selenocysteine modulates resistance to environmental stress and confers anti-aging effects in C. elegans. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2017; 72:491-498. [PMID: 28954009 PMCID: PMC5579318 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2017(08)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals is a leading cause of aging. In the present study, we examined the effects of a well-known anti-oxidant amino acid derivative, selenocysteine, in response to environmental stress and aging using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. METHOD: The response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet irradiation was compared between the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. The effect of selenocysteine on lifespan and fertility was then determined. To examine the effect of selenocysteine on muscle aging, we monitored the change in motility with aging in both the untreated control and selenocysteine-treated groups. RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with selenocysteine significantly increased resistance to oxidative stress. Survival after ultraviolet irradiation was also increased by supplementation with selenocysteine. Treatment with selenocysteine confers a longevity phenotype without an accompanying reduction in fertility, which is frequently observed in lifespan-extending interventions as a trade-off in C. elegans. In addition, the age-related decline in motility was significantly delayed by supplementation of selenocysteine. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of selenocysteine can modulate response to stressors and lead to lifespan extension, thus supporting the free radical theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sung Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Kim
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Soonchunhyang University, College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Kim SJ, Beak SM, Park SK. Supplementation with Triptolide Increases Resistance to Environmental Stressors and Lifespan in C. elegans. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1484-1490. [PMID: 28471052 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a major active compound found in Tripterygium wilfordii., also known as Thunder God Vine. Triptolide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary supplementation with triptolide on response to environmental stressors and lifespan in vivo using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Treatment with 50 mg/L of triptolide in the growth media increased resistance to oxidative stress and reduced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. We also observed a lifespan-extending activity for triptolide. Both mean and maximum lifespans were significantly increased by supplementation with triptolide. Response to other environmental stressors was modulated by triptolide. The survival after heat shock or UV irradiation was markedly increased in worms treated with triptolide. Unlike many lifespan-extending genetic or nutritional interventions, the longevity phenotype conferred by triptolide did not have the trade-off of a reduction in fertility or a delay in the gravid period. The expressions of hsp-16.2 and sod-3, known to positively correlate with a long lifespan, were significantly upregulated by supplementation with triptolide. These findings suggest that triptolide can exhibit antistress and lifespan-extending effects in vivo, possibly through its antioxidant activity and support the free radical theory of aging, which emphasizes the causative role of oxidative stress in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Beak
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Sumaya NH, Aryal S, Vandenbossche B, Barg M, Doerfler V, Strauch O, Molina C, Ehlers RU. Phenotyping dauer juvenile oxidative stress tolerance, longevity and persistence within wild type and inbred lines of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The commercial use of the entomopathogenic nematodeHeterorhabditis bacteriophoraas a biocontrol agent against noxious insects is limited due to its relatively short shelf-life. Longevity of dauer juveniles (DJ) during storage and in transit to end users is considerably restricted by environmental stresses. As a derivative stress triggered by environmental factors, oxidative stress causes a strong internal metabolic imbalance leading to lifespan reduction. In this study, the relation between DJ oxidative stress tolerance and longevity inH. bacteriophorawas investigated at 25 and 7°C. A strong and significant correlation between DJ oxidative stress tolerance and longevity during storage in Ringer’s solution ( at 7°C; at 25°C) was recorded. Phenotyping of these traits was performed for 40H. bacteriophorawild type strain and inbred line collections. At 25°C, the mean time survived in Ringer’s by 50% of the DJ (MTS50) ranged from 21 to 57 days, whereas under oxidative stress, survival was from 3 to 22 days. At 7°C, a maximum MTS50of 94 days was assessed when DJ were stored in Ringer’s, while the maximum MTS50was only 25 days with oxidative stress induction. The heritability of DJ tolerance to oxidative stress, determined by using homozygous inbred lines, is high (), an indication of a high probability for successful selective breeding. In a subset of preselectedH. bacteriophorainbred lines, DJ oxidative stress tolerance correlated with the DJ survival (persistence) after application to sand (). The study provides fundamental data required for a genetic breeding programme to produce hybrids with improved stress tolerance and prolonged shelf-life and soil persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Hope Sumaya
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Sitaram Aryal
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mike Barg
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Verena Doerfler
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauch
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Carlos Molina
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- e-nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Won SM, Cha HU, Yi SS, Kim SJ, Park SK. Tenebrio molitor Extracts Modulate the Response to Environmental Stressors and Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Med Food 2016; 19:938-944. [PMID: 27607845 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenebrio molitor are large insects and their larvae are consumed as food in many countries. The nutritional composition of T. molitor has been studied and contains high amounts of proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, and valuable minerals. However, the bioactivity of T. molitor has not been fully understood. We examined the effects of T. molitor extracts on resistance to oxidative stress and organism's lifespan using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. The response to heat shock and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was monitored in vivo. The extracts from T. molitor showed significant effects on resistance to oxidative stress and UV irradiation and extend both mean and maximum lifespan of C. elegans. The number of progeny produced significantly increased in animals supplemented with T. molitor extracts. In addition, the expression of hsp-16.2 and sod-3 was markedly upregulated by supplementation with T. molitor extracts. These findings suggest that T. molitor extracts can increase response to stressors and extend lifespan by the induction of longevity assurance genes in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Won
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Uk Cha
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- 2 Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Hoseo University , Asan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University , Asan, Chungnam, Korea
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30
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Simone-Finstrom M, Li-Byarlay H, Huang MH, Strand MK, Rueppell O, Tarpy DR. Migratory management and environmental conditions affect lifespan and oxidative stress in honey bees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32023. [PMID: 27554200 PMCID: PMC4995521 DOI: 10.1038/srep32023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pollination in large-scale agriculture is dependent on managed colonies of a single species, the honey bee Apis mellifera. More than 1 million hives are transported to California each year just to pollinate the almonds, and bees are trucked across the country for various cropping systems. Concerns have been raised about whether such "migratory management" causes bees undue stress; however to date there have been no longer-term studies rigorously addressing whether migratory management is detrimental to bee health. To address this issue, we conducted field experiments comparing bees from commercial and experimental migratory beekeeping operations to those from stationary colonies to quantify effects on lifespan, colony health and productivity, and levels of oxidative damage for individual bees. We detected a significant decrease in lifespan of migratory adult bees relative to stationary bees. We also found that migration affected oxidative stress levels in honey bees, but that food scarcity had an even larger impact; some detrimental effects of migration may be alleviated by a greater abundance of forage. In addition, rearing conditions affect levels of oxidative damage incurred as adults. This is the first comprehensive study on impacts of migratory management on the health and oxidative stress of honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongmei Li-Byarlay
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- The W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ming H. Huang
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Micheline K. Strand
- Life Sciences Division, U.S. Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Olav Rueppell
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - David R. Tarpy
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- The W.M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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31
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Mitchell SE, Delville C, Konstantopedos P, Hurst J, Derous D, Green C, Chen L, Han JJD, Wang Y, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23213-37. [PMID: 26061745 PMCID: PMC4695113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Camille Delville
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jane Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackie J D Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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Zhu Z, Lu Q, Zeng F, Wang J, Huang S. Compatibility between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes correlates with the quantitative trait of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17303. [PMID: 26601686 PMCID: PMC4658563 DOI: 10.1038/srep17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial genome have epistatic effects on organisms depending on
the nuclear background, but a role for the compatibility of mitochondrial-nuclear
genomes (mit-n) in the quantitative nature of a complex trait remains unexplored. We
studied a panel of recombinant inbred advanced intercrossed lines (RIAILs) of C.
elegans that were established from a cross between the N2 and HW strains. We
determined the HW nuclear genome content and the mitochondrial type (HW or N2) of
each RIAIL strain. We found that the degree of mit-n compatibility was correlated
with the lifespans but not the foraging behaviors of RIAILs. Several known
aging-associated QTLs individually showed no relationship with mitotypes but
collectively a weak trend consistent with a role in mit-n compatibility. By
association mapping, we identified 293 SNPs that showed linkage with lifespan and a
relationship with mitotypes consistent with a role in mit-n compatibility. We
further found an association between mit-n compatibility and several functional
characteristics of mitochondria as well as the expressions of genes involved in the
respiratory oxidation pathway. The results provide the first evidence implicating
mit-n compatibility in the quantitative nature of a complex trait, and may be
informative to certain evolutionary puzzles on hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Shi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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Ludwig M, Kitzenberg D, Chick WS. Forward Genetic Approach to Uncover Stress Resistance Genes in Mice - A High-throughput Screen in ES Cells. J Vis Exp 2015. [PMID: 26649459 DOI: 10.3791/53062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype-driven genetic screens in mice is a powerful technique to uncover gene functions, but are often hampered by extremely high costs, which severely limits its potential. We describe here the use of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells as surrogate cells to screen for a phenotype of interest and subsequently introduce these cells into a host embryo to develop into a living mouse carrying the phenotype. This method provides (1) a cost effective, high-throughput platform for genetic screen in mammalian cells; (2) a rapid way to identify the mutated genes and verify causality; and (3) a short-cut to develop mouse mutants directly from these selected ES cells for whole animal studies. We demonstrated the use of paraquat (PQ) to select resistant mutants and identify mutations that confer oxidative stress resistance. Other stressors or cytotoxic compounds may also be used to screen for resistant mutants to uncover novel genetic determinants of a variety of cellular stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ludwig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver
| | - David Kitzenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver
| | - Wallace S Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver;
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Marthandan S, Priebe S, Groth M, Guthke R, Platzer M, Hemmerich P, Diekmann S. Hormetic effect of rotenone in primary human fibroblasts. Immun Ageing 2015; 12:11. [PMID: 26380578 PMCID: PMC4572608 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotenone inhibits the electron transfer from complex I to ubiquinone, in this way interfering with the electron transport chain in mitochondria. This chain of events induces increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which in turn can contribute to acceleration of telomere shortening and induction of DNA damage, ultimately resulting in aging. In this study, we investigated the effect of rotenone treatment in human fibroblast strains. RESULTS For the first time we here describe that rotenone treatment induced a hormetic effect in human fibroblast strains. We identified a number of genes which were commonly differentially regulated due to low dose rotenone treatment in fibroblasts independent of their cell origin. However, these genes were not among the most strongly differentially regulated genes in the fibroblast strains on treatment with rotenone. Thus, if there is a common hormesis regulation, it is superimposed by cell strain specific individual responses. We found the rotenone induced differential regulation of pathways common between the two fibroblast strains, being weaker than the pathways individually regulated in the single fibroblast cell strains. Furthermore, within the common pathways different genes were responsible for this different regulation. Thus, rotenone induced hormesis was related to a weak pathway signal, superimposed by a stronger individual cellular response, a situation as found for the differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION We found that the concept of hormesis also applies to in vitro aging of primary human fibroblasts. However, in depth analysis of the genes as well as the pathways differentially regulated due to rotenone treatment revealed cellular hormesis being related to weak signals which are superimposed by stronger individual cell-internal responses. This would explain that in general hormesis is a small effect. Our data indicate that the observed hormetic phenotype does not result from a specific strong well-defined gene or pathway regulation but from weak common cellular processes induced by low levels of reactive oxygen species. This conclusion also holds when comparing our results with those obtained for C. elegans in which the same low dose rotenone level induced a life span extending, thus hormetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Marthandan
- />Leibniz-Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- />Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- />Leibniz-Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- />Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- />Leibniz-Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- />Leibniz-Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Diekmann
- />Leibniz-Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Levine ME, Crimmins EM. A Genetic Network Associated With Stress Resistance, Longevity, and Cancer in Humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:703-12. [PMID: 26355015 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human longevity and diseases are likely influenced by multiple interacting genes within a few biologically conserved pathways. Using long-lived smokers as a phenotype (n = 90)-a group whose survival may signify innate resilience-we conducted a genome-wide association study comparing them to smokers at ages 52-69 (n = 730). These results were used to conduct a functional interaction network and pathway analysis, to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms that collectively related to smokers' longevity. We identified a set of 215 single nucleotide polymorphisms (all of which had p <5×10(-3) in the genome-wide association study) that were located within genes making-up a functional interaction network. These single nucleotide polymorphisms were then used to create a weighted polygenic risk score that, using an independent validation sample of nonsmokers (N = 6,447), was found to be significantly associated with a 22% increase in the likelihood of being aged 90-99 (n = 253) and an over threefold increase in the likelihood of being a centenarian (n = 4), compared with being at ages 52-79 (n = 4,900). Additionally, the polygenic risk score was also associated with an 11% reduction in cancer prevalence over up to 18 years (odds ratio: 0.89, p = .011). Overall, using a unique phenotype and incorporating prior knowledge of biological networks, this study identified a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms that together appear to be important for human aging, stress resistance, cancer, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Levine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles.
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Chen P, DeWitt MR, Bornhorst J, Soares FA, Mukhopadhyay S, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Age- and manganese-dependent modulation of dopaminergic phenotypes in a C. elegans DJ-1 genetic model of Parkinson's disease. Metallomics 2015; 7:289-98. [PMID: 25531510 PMCID: PMC4479152 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, yet its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. PD is characterized by selective dopaminergic (DAergic) degeneration and progressive hypokinetic motor impairment. Mutations in dj-1 cause autosomal recessive early-onset PD. DJ-1 is thought to protect DAergic neurons via an antioxidant mechanism, but the precise basis of this protection has not yet been resolved. Aging and manganese (Mn) exposure are significant non-genetic risk factors for PD. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an optimal model for PD and aging studies because of its simple nervous system, conserved DAergic machinery, and short 20-day lifespan. Here we tested the hypothesis that C. elegans DJ-1 homologues were protective against Mn-induced DAergic toxicity in an age-dependent manner. We showed that the deletion of C. elegans DJ-1 related (djr) genes, djr-1.2, decreased survival after Mn exposure. djr-1.2, the DJ-1 homologue was expressed in DAergic neurons and its deletion decreased lifespan and dopamine (DA)-dependent dauer movement behavior after Mn exposure. We also tested the role of DAF-16 as a regulator of dj-1.2 interaction with Mn toxicity. Lifespan defects resulting from djr-1.2 deletion could be restored to normal by overexpression of either DJR-1.2 or DAF-16. Furthermore, dauer movement alterations after djr-1.2 deletion were abolished by constitutive activation of DAF-16 through mutation of its inhibitor, DAF-2 insulin receptor. Taken together, our results reveal PD-relevant interactions between aging, the PD environmental risk factor manganese, and homologues of the established PD genetic risk factor DJ-1. Our data demonstrate a novel role for the DJ-1 homologue, djr-1.2, in mitigating Mn-dependent lifespan reduction and DA signaling alterations, involving DAF-2/DAF-16 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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DAF-16/FOXO and EGL-27/GATA promote developmental growth in response to persistent somatic DNA damage. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1168-1179. [PMID: 25419847 PMCID: PMC4250074 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome maintenance defects cause complex disease phenotypes characterized by developmental failure, cancer susceptibility, and premature aging. It remains poorly understood how DNA damage responses function during organismal development and maintain tissue functionality when DNA damage accumulates with aging. Here we show that the FoxO transcription factor DAF-16 is activated in response to DNA damage during development while the DNA damage responsiveness of DAF-16 declines with aging. We find that in contrast to its established role in mediating starvation arrest, DAF-16 alleviates DNA damage-induced developmental arrest and even in the absence of DNA repair promotes developmental growth and enhances somatic tissue functionality. We demonstrate that the GATA transcription factor EGL-27 co-regulates DAF-16 target genes in response to DNA damage and together with DAF-16 promotes developmental growth. We propose that EGL-27/GATA activity specifies DAF-16 mediated DNA damage responses to enable developmental progression and to prolong tissue functioning when DNA damage persists.
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Zhang W, Cai L, Geng HJ, Su CF, Yan L, Wang JH, Gao Q, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, partly via W06A7.4 gene. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:108-16. [PMID: 25456844 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify and analyze the compounds that delay aging and extend the lifespan is an important aspect of the gerontology research. A number of compounds, including the ones with the antioxidant properties, have been shown to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report that methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (MDHB), a small antioxidant molecule, prolongs the C. elegans' lifespan under normal as well as stress conditions, delays the age-associated decline in the pharyngeal pumping rate, and obviously enhances the abilities of scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). To further investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-aging action of MDHB, microarray analyses were performed, which demonstrated that 13 genes were differentially expressed in worms treated with MDHB for 48 and 144 h in common. RNA interference of W06A7.4 (NM_001269697.1), the most significantly up-regulated gene, shortened the lifespan of worms by 14%, compared with the L4440 control. Our findings demonstrate that W06A7.4 is a potentially positive determinant of the MDHB induced C. elegans' lifespan extension effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathogen Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Discipline of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ju Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Fen Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chick WS, Ludwig M, Zhao X, Kitzenberg D, Williams K, Johnson TE. Screening for stress-resistance mutations in the mouse. Front Genet 2014; 5:310. [PMID: 25250048 PMCID: PMC4157564 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is correlated with stress resistance in many animal models. However, previous efforts through the boosting of the antioxidant defense system did not extend life span, suggesting that longevity related stress resistance is mediated by other uncharacterized pathways. We have developed a high-throughput platform for screening and rapid identification of novel genetic mutants in the mouse that are stress resistant. Selection for resistance to stressors occurs in mutagenized mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are carefully treated so as to maintain pluripotency for mouse production. Initial characterization of these mutant ES cells revealed mutations in Pigl, Tiam1, and Rffl, among others. These genes are implicated in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis, NADPH oxidase function, and inflammation. These mutants: (1) are resistant to two different oxidative stressors, paraquat and the omission of 2-mercaptoethanol, (2) have reduced levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), (3) are capable of generating live mice, and (4) transmit the stress resistance phenotype to the mice. This strategy offers an efficient way to select for new mutants expressing a stress resistance phenotype, to rapidly identify the causative genes, and to develop mice for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace S Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA ; Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Kitzenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristina Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA ; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA ; Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA
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Saul N, Baberschke N, Chakrabarti S, Stürzenbaum SR, Lieke T, Menzel R, Jonáš A, Steinberg CEW. Two organobromines trigger lifespan, growth, reproductive and transcriptional changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10419-10431. [PMID: 24838126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organobromines of natural and artificial origin are omnipresent in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Although it is well established that exposure to high concentrations of organobromines are harmful to vertebrates, few studies have investigated the effect of environmentally realistic concentrations on invertebrates. Here, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was challenged with two organobromines, namely dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) and tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP), and monitored for changes in different life trait variables and global gene expression patterns. Fifty micromolar DBAA stimulated the growth and lifespan of the nematodes; however, the onset of reproduction was delayed. In contrast, TBBP changed the lifespan in a hormetic fashion, namely it was stimulated at 0.1 μM but impaired at 50 μM. The reproductive performance was even impaired at 2 μM TBBP. Moreover, DBAA could not reduce the toxic effect of TBBP when applied as a mixture. A whole-genome DNA microarray revealed that both organobromines curtailed signalling and neurological processes. Furthermore on the transcription level, 50 μM TBBP induced proteolysis and DBAA up-regulated biosynthesis and metabolism. To conclude, even naturally occurring concentrations of organobromines can influence the biomolecular responses and life cycle traits in C. elegans. The life extension is accompanied by negative changes in the reproductive behaviour, which is crucial for the stability of populations. Thus, this paper highlights that the effects of exposure to moderate, environmentally realistic concentrations of organobromines should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Saul
- Department of Biology, Freshwater and Stress Ecology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Späthstr. 80/81, 12437, Berlin, Germany,
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We are ageing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:808307. [PMID: 25045704 PMCID: PMC4090574 DOI: 10.1155/2014/808307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ageing and longevity is unquestioningly complex. Several thoughts and mechanisms of ageing such as pathways involved in oxidative stress, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, DNA damage and repair, growth hormone axis and insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF), and environmental exposure have been proposed. Also, some theories of ageing were introduced. To date, the most promising leads for longevity are caloric restriction, particularly target of rapamycin (TOR), sirtuins, hexarelin and hormetic responses. This review is an attempt to analyze the mechanisms and theories of ageing and achieving longevity.
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Zevian SC, Yanowitz JL. Methodological considerations for heat shock of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods 2014; 68:450-7. [PMID: 24780523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response pathways share commonalities across many species, including humans, making heat shock experiments valuable tools for many biologists. The study of stress response in Caenorhabditis elegans has provided great insight into many complex pathways and diseases. Nevertheless, the heat shock/heat stress field does not have consensus as to the timing, temperature, or duration of the exposure and protocols differ extensively between laboratories. The lack of cohesiveness makes it difficult to compare results between groups or to know where to start when preparing your own protocol. We present a discussion of some of the major hurdles to reproducibility in heat shock experiments as well as detailed protocols for heat shock and hormesis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannin C Zevian
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Judith L Yanowitz
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Biology of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:831841. [PMID: 24804252 PMCID: PMC3996317 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interest in relationship between diet and ageing is growing. Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction and some antioxidants extend lifespan in various ageing models. On the one hand, oxygen is essential to aerobic organisms because it is a final electron acceptor in mitochondria. On the other hand, oxygen is harmful because it can continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are believed to be the factors causing ageing of an organism. To remove these ROS in cells, aerobic organisms possess an antioxidant defense system which consists of a series of enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, dietary antioxidants including ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and plant flavonoids are also able to scavenge ROS in cells and therefore theoretically can extend the lifespan of organisms. In this connection, various antioxidants including tea catechins, theaflavins, apple polyphenols, black rice anthocyanins, and blueberry polyphenols have been shown to be capable of extending the lifespan of fruit flies. The purpose of this review is to brief the literature on modern biological theories of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants in ageing as well as underlying mechanisms by which antioxidants can prolong the lifespan with focus on fruit flies as an model.
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Tigges J, Krutmann J, Fritsche E, Haendeler J, Schaal H, Fischer JW, Kalfalah F, Reinke H, Reifenberger G, Stühler K, Ventura N, Gundermann S, Boukamp P, Boege F. The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 138:26-44. [PMID: 24686308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is influenced by the intrinsic disposition delineating what is maximally possible and extrinsic factors determining how that frame is individually exploited. Intrinsic and extrinsic ageing processes act on the dermis, a post-mitotic skin compartment mainly consisting of extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts are long-lived cells constantly undergoing damage accumulation and (mal-)adaptation, thus constituting a powerful indicator system for human ageing. Here, we use the systematic of ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing (Lopez-Otin et al., 2013, Cell 153) to categorise the available knowledge regarding dermal fibroblast ageing. We discriminate processes inducible in culture from phenomena apparent in skin biopsies or primary cells from old donors, coming to the following conclusions: (i) Fibroblasts aged in culture exhibit most of the established, ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (ii) Not all of these hallmarks have been detected or investigated in fibroblasts aged in situ (in the skin). (iii) Dermal fibroblasts aged in vitro and in vivo exhibit additional features currently not considered ubiquitous hallmarks of ageing. (iv) The ageing process of dermal fibroblasts in their physiological tissue environment has only been partially elucidated, although these cells have been a preferred model of cell ageing in vitro for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tigges
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Center for Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Faiza Kalfalah
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Reinke
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Centre for Biological and Medical Research (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Petra Boukamp
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Boege
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Med. Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Labunskyy VM, Gerashchenko MV, Delaney JR, Kaya A, Kennedy BK, Kaeberlein M, Gladyshev VN. Lifespan extension conferred by endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway deficiency requires induction of the unfolded protein response. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004019. [PMID: 24391512 PMCID: PMC3879150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The UPR restores ER homeostasis by degrading misfolded proteins, inhibiting translation, and increasing expression of chaperones that enhance ER protein folding capacity. Although ER stress and protein aggregation have been implicated in aging, the role of UPR signaling in regulating lifespan remains unknown. Here we show that deletion of several UPR target genes significantly increases replicative lifespan in yeast. This extended lifespan depends on a functional ER stress sensor protein, Ire1p, and is associated with constitutive activation of upstream UPR signaling. We applied ribosome profiling coupled with next generation sequencing to quantitatively examine translational changes associated with increased UPR activity and identified a set of stress response factors up-regulated in the long-lived mutants. Besides known UPR targets, we uncovered up-regulation of components of the cell wall and genes involved in cell wall biogenesis that confer resistance to multiple stresses. These findings demonstrate that the UPR is an important determinant of lifespan that governs ER stress and identify a signaling network that couples stress resistance to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Labunskyy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maxim V. Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joe R. Delaney
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cypser JR, Kitzenberg D, Park SK. Dietary restriction in C. elegans: Recent advances. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1014-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Several investigators have generated long-lived nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) in the past decade by mutation of genes in the organism in order to study the genetics of aging and longevity. Dozens of longevity assurance genes (LAG) that dramatically increase the longevity of this organism have been identified. All long-lived mutants of C. elegans are also resistant to environmental stress, such as high temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultraviolet irradiation. Double mutations of some LAGs further extended life span up to 400%, providing more insight into cellular mechanisms that put limits on the life span of organisms. With the availability of the LAG mutants and the combined DNA microarray and RNAi technology, the understanding of actual biochemical processes that determine life span is within reach: the downstream signal transduction pathway may regulate life span by up-regulating pro-longevity genes such as those that encode antioxidant enzymes and/or stress-response proteins, and down-regulating specific life-shortening genes. Furthermore, longevity could be modified through chemical manipulation. Results from these studies further support the free radical theory of aging, suggest that the molecular mechanism of aging process may be shared in all organisms, and provide insight for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg 39406-5018, USA.
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Smith MA, Zhang Y, Polli JR, Wu H, Zhang B, Xiao P, Farwell MA, Pan X. Impacts of chronic low-level nicotine exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction: identification of novel gene targets. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 40:69-75. [PMID: 23735997 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Effects and mechanisms of chronic exposure to low levels of nicotine is an area fundamentally important however less investigated. We employed the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate potential impacts of chronic (24h) and low nicotine exposure (6.17-194.5 μM) on stimulus-response, reproduction, and gene expressions. Nicotine significantly affects the organism's response to touch stimulus (p=0.031), which follows a dose-dependent pattern. Chronic nicotine exposure promotes early egg-laying events and slightly increased egg productions during the first 72 h of adulthood. The expressions of 10 (egl-10, egl-44, hlh-14, ric-3, unc-103, unc-50, unc-68, sod-1, oxi-1, and old-1) out of 18 selected genes were affected significantly. Other tested genes were cat-4, egl-19, egl-47, egl-5, lin-39, unc-43, pink-1, and age-1. Changes in gene expression were more evident at low dosages than at relatively high levels. Genes implicated in reproduction, cholinergic signaling, and stress response were regulated by nicotine, suggesting widespread physiological impacts of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Smith
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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The p66Shc gene paves the way for healthspan: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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A cytoprotective perspective on longevity regulation. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:409-20. [PMID: 23726168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are many mechanisms of lifespan extension, including the disruption of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, metabolism, translation, and feeding. Despite the disparate functions of these pathways, inhibition of each induces responses that buffer stress and damage. Here, emphasizing data from genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis elegans, we explore the effectors and upstream regulatory components of numerous cytoprotective mechanisms activated as major elements of longevity programs, including detoxification, innate immunity, proteostasis, and oxidative stress response. We show that their induction underpins longevity extension across functionally diverse triggers and across species. Intertwined with the evolution of longevity, cytoprotective pathways are coupled to the surveillance of core cellular components, with important implications in normal and aberrant responses to drugs, chemicals, and pathogens.
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