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Wang W, Tugaoen JD, Fadda P, Toland AE, Ma Q, Elder JB, Giglio P, Otero JJ. Glioblastoma pseudoprogression and true progression reveal spatially variable transcriptional differences. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 38049893 PMCID: PMC10694987 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-resection radiologic monitoring to identify areas of new or progressive enhancement concerning for cancer recurrence is critical during patients with glioblastoma follow-up. However, treatment-related pseudoprogression presents with similar imaging features but requires different clinical management. While pathologic diagnosis is the gold standard to differentiate true progression and pseudoprogression, the lack of objective clinical standards and admixed histologic presentation creates the needs to (1) validate the accuracy of current approaches and (2) characterize differences between these entities to objectively differentiate true disease. We demonstrated using an online RNAseq repository of recurrent glioblastoma samples that cancer-immune cell activity levels correlate with heterogenous clinical outcomes in patients. Furthermore, nCounter RNA expression analysis of 48 clinical samples taken from second neurosurgical resection supports that pseudoprogression gene expression pathways are dominated with immune activation, whereas progression is predominated with cell cycle activity. Automated image processing and spatial expression analysis however highlight a failure to apply these broad expressional differences in a subset of cases with clinically challenging admixed histology. Encouragingly, applying unsupervised clustering approaches over our segmented histologic images provides novel understanding of morphologically derived differences between progression and pseudoprogression. Spatially derived data further highlighted polarization of myeloid populations that may underscore the tumorgenicity of novel lesions. These findings not only help provide further clarity of potential targets for pathologists to better assist stratification of progression and pseudoprogression, but also highlight the evolution of tumor-immune microenvironment changes which promote tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonah Domingo Tugaoen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource-Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Genomics Shared Resource-Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Brad Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - José Javier Otero
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4166 Graves Hall, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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2
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Li JP, Kuo YC, Liao WN, Yang YT, Chen SY, Chien YT, Wu KH, Wang MY, Chou FI, Yang MH, Hueng DY, Yang CS, Chen JK. Harnessing Nuclear Energy to Gold Nanoparticles for the Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy of Glioblastoma. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2821. [PMID: 37947667 PMCID: PMC10650840 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear fission reactions can release massive amounts of energy accompanied by neutrons and γ photons, which create a mixed radiation field and enable a series of reactions in nuclear reactors. This study demonstrates a one-pot/one-step approach to synthesizing radioactive gold nanoparticles (RGNP) without using radioactive precursors and reducing agents. Trivalent gold ions are reduced into gold nanoparticles (8.6-146 nm), and a particular portion of 197Au atoms is simultaneously converted to 198Au atoms, rendering the nanoparticles radioactive. We suggest that harnessing nuclear energy to gold nanoparticles is feasible in the interests of advancing nanotechnology for cancer therapy. A combination of RGNP applied through convection-enhanced delivery (CED) and temozolomide (TMZ) through oral administration demonstrates the synergistic effect in treating glioblastoma-bearing mice. The mean survival for RGNP/TMZ treatment was 68.9 ± 9.7 days compared to that for standalone RGNP (38.4 ± 2.2 days) or TMZ (42.8 ± 2.5 days) therapies. Based on the verification of bioluminescence images, positron emission tomography, and immunohistochemistry inspection, the combination treatment can inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma, highlighting the niche of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) attributed to RGNP and TMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Neng Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Sih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Kuo-Hung Wu
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (K.-H.W.); (M.-Y.W.); (F.-I.C.)
| | - Mei-Ya Wang
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (K.-H.W.); (M.-Y.W.); (F.-I.C.)
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (K.-H.W.); (M.-Y.W.); (F.-I.C.)
| | - Mo-Hsiung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (J.-P.L.); (W.-N.L.); (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.C.); (Y.-T.C.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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3
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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An unexpected sudden death due to a choroid plexus papilloma: an autopsy case report. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are histopathologically benign and rare central nervous system tumors. These tumors remain more frequent in children than adults. It is infrequent for these tumors to cause a sudden unexpected death. We aim in this case to discuss the unusual and fatal presentation of choroid plexus papilloma and the mechanism of death.
Case presentation
we report the case of a 61-year-old man with no medical history, diagnosed at autopsy with a previously unknown CPP. Initial complaints were chronic headache occurring in the last month and acute chest pain for two days. The forensic autopsy including the histopathologic examination showed a tumoral mass of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle diagnosed as a psammomatous CPP. The cause of death in this case was attributed to a massive cerebral edema caused by the tumoral mass.
Conclusions
Through this case report, we stress the importance of an early and a vigorous investigation of every headache and an early detection of this tumor and we highlight as well the role of the post mortem examination to detect such a fatal complication.
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Wang G, Ji C, Wang C, Liu Z, Qu A, Wang H. Matrine ameliorates the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells through the NF-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1309. [PMID: 34630663 PMCID: PMC8461614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with inflammatory responses and the uncontrolled proliferation and excessive apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the effects of matrine on the inflammatory response, abnormal lipid metabolism and cell proliferation and apoptosis marker proteins in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) have not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of matrine on an in vitro model of atherosclerosis using HAVSMCs. The HAVSMCs were divided into normal, model and matrine groups. The model group was treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), the matrine group was treated with oxLDL and matrine and the normal group was treated with physiological saline. Total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and cholesterol ester (CE) levels were measured in the cell supernatant. In addition, the relative mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The expression levels of proteins associated with proliferation and apoptosis were also determined using western blotting. The levels of TC, FC and CE and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the matrine group were lower than those in the model group, but higher than those in the normal group. After 48 and 96 h of treatment, the cell proliferation and apoptotic rates were lower in the matrine group compared with the model group. The relative expression levels of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bax were decreased, while that of Bcl-2 was increased in the matrine group compared with the model group. In addition, the relative protein expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the matrine group was lower than that in the model group, but higher than that in the normal group. In summary, matrine inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway and reduced cell proliferation and apoptosis in the oxLDL-induced atherosclerosis model, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. These results suggest that matrine attenuated abnormal biological reactions in HAVSMCs through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Chengyu Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Linqu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262600, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Aizhong Qu
- Hematology Department, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
| | - Huaixin Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, P.R. China
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Goldshmit Y, Perelroizen R, Yakovchuk A, Banyas E, Mayo L, David S, Benbenishty A, Blinder P, Shalom M, Ruban A. Blood glutamate scavengers increase pro-apoptotic signaling and reduce metastatic melanoma growth in-vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14644. [PMID: 34282238 PMCID: PMC8290021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of extracellular glutamate (Glu) release decreases proliferation and invasion, induces apoptosis, and inhibits melanoma metastatic abilities. Previous studies have shown that Blood-glutamate scavenging (BGS), a novel treatment approach, has been found to be beneficial in attenuating glioblastoma progression by reducing brain Glu levels. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the ability of BGS treatment to inhibit brain metastatic melanoma progression in-vivo. RET melanoma cells were implanted in C56BL/6J mice to induce brain melanoma tumors followed by treatment with BGS or vehicle administered for fourteen days. Bioluminescent imaging was conducted to evaluate tumor growth, and plasma/CSF Glu levels were monitored throughout. Immunofluorescence staining of Ki67 and 53BP1 was used to analyze tumor cell proliferation and DNA double-strand breaks. In addition, we analyzed CD8, CD68, CD206, p-STAT1 and iNOS expression to evaluate alterations in tumor micro-environment and anti-tumor immune response due to treatment. Our results show that BGS treatment reduces CSF Glu concentration and consequently melanoma growth in-vivo by decreasing tumor cell proliferation and increasing pro-apoptotic signaling in C56BL/6J mice. Furthermore, BGS treatment supported CD8+ cell recruitment and CD68+ macrophage invasion. These findings suggest that BGS can be of potential therapeutic relevance in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Goldshmit
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash Biotechnology, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rita Perelroizen
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alex Yakovchuk
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeni Banyas
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Mayo
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari David
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Benbenishty
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Pablo Blinder
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Neurobiology Department, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Shalom
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angela Ruban
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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7
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Ge S, Shi Y, Zhu G, Li S, Cai Y, Ji P, Liu J, Guo W, Gong L, Lou M, Feng F, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Qu Y, Wang L. Molecular Pathological Markers Correlated With the Recurrence Patterns of Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:565045. [PMID: 33585189 PMCID: PMC7873968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma is one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system, and many patients suffer from recurrence even after standard comprehensive treatment. However, little is known about the molecular markers that predict the recurrence patterns of glioma. This study aimed to demonstrate the correlations between molecular markers and glioma recurrence patterns, which included local/nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular/nonparaventricular recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the molecular markers of 88 glioma tissues following surgical resection. The recurrence patterns were divided into local recurrence, marginal recurrence, distant recurrence, multirecurrence, and subarachniod recurrence, with the last four recurrence patterns being collectively called nonlocal recurrence. According to whether the recurrence invaded ventricles, the nonlocal recurrence patterns were divided into paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence. Then, we compared the different recurrence patterns and their clinical characteristics, focusing on the expression of molecular markers. Results More patients in the nonlocal recurrence group received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy than patients in the local recurrence group (p=0.019). Sex, age, extent of surgery, time to recurrence, tumor location, size, and WHO grade were not different in the defined groups (P>0.05). Recurrent tumor volume and WHO grade were significantly different between the paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence groups (p=0.046 and 0.033). The expression of Ki-67, P53, and PCNA in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015, 0.009, and 0.037), while the expression of S-100 in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly lower than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015). Cox regression indicated hazard ratio (HR) for high expression level of PCNA associated with non-local recurrence was 3.43 (95% CI, 1.15, 10.24), and HR for high expression level of MGMT associated with paraventricular recurrence was 2.64 (95% CI, 1.15,6.08). Conclusions Ki-67, P53, PCNA, and MGMT might be important clinical markers for nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songlun Li
- Medical Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaning Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peigang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Armocida D, Frati A, Salvati M, Santoro A, Pesce A. Is Ki-67 index overexpression in IDH wild type glioblastoma a predictor of shorter Progression Free survival? A clinical and Molecular analytic investigation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 198:106126. [PMID: 32861131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki-67 proliferation index is widely used for differentiating between high and low-grade gliomas, but differentiating between the same grade IV appears to be more problematic, and the point about its prognostic value for GBM patients remains unclear. To reduce the possibility to find a marked histological heterogeneity, and may contain areas that could be diagnosed as lower grade, in this study we considered a large group of patients with IDH wild-type Glioblastoma (IDH-WT GBM) and we have analyzed previously reported prognostic factors, in regards to their relationship with the Ki-67 expression index. METHODS We explore the prognostic impact of ki-67 index status in 127 patients affected by IDH-WT GBM. We therefore analyzed clinical characteristics, tumor genetics, dimension and clinical outcomes. We selected a total of 127 patients affected by newly diagnosed IDH-WT GBM who underwent surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy in our Institution in the period ranging between January 2014 and December 2016 RESULTS: The volume of the lesion had a strong association with the Ki67 overexpression. In particular lesions whose volume was greater than 45 cm3, presented a higher percentage of Ki67 expression demonstrating that greater tumors are more likely associated to higher values of Ki67 percentages. On a multivariate analysis, it was possible to outline that Ki67 was significant a predictor of shorter PFS independently from the age of the patients, the volume of the lesion and preoperative KPS. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between percentage staining of Ki-67 and OS in our cohort of patients with IDH-WT GBM. This is only the third observational study documenting a positive correlation between Ki-67 and overall survival in GBM and the first one demonstrates that percentage Ki-67 staining >20 % predicts poorer progression free survival in IDH-WT GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Armocida
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division "Sapienza" University, Italy.
| | | | - Maurizio Salvati
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division "Sapienza" University, Italy; IRCCS "Neuromed" Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division "Sapienza" University, Italy
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Braoudaki M, Sarafidis M, Koutsouris DD, Koutsouri G, Lambrou GI. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Ki-67 Specific microRNA Functions in Pediatric Embryonal Tumors. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1346-1349. [PMID: 31946142 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms are the second most prevalent tumors of childhood. CNS malignancies are considered as the most notorious type of tumors, due to their anatomic position manifesting an imminent threat to the patients' life. miRNAs are molecules that play a significant role in CNS tumor biology. At the same time diagnostic markers such as Ki-67 have played an important role in CNS tumor diagnosis. In a previous study we have identified several miRNAs, common to different subtypes of pediatric embryonal CNS malignancies as well as, we have identified miRNAs that manifest significant dynamics with respect to their expression and the neoplasmatic subtype. Among the previously reported miRNAs, several have manifested significant differences with respect to Ki-67 expression. Those miRNAs, were further analyzed bioinformatically and related functions were revealed, where some of them confirmed Ki-67 role as a proliferation marker but also predicted novel miRNAs functions in pediatric embryonal tumors.
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10
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Barricelli BR, Casiraghi E, Gliozzo J, Huber V, Leone BE, Rizzi A, Vergani B. ki67 nuclei detection and ki67-index estimation: a novel automatic approach based on human vision modeling. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:733. [PMID: 31881821 PMCID: PMC6935242 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein ki67 (pki67) is a marker of tumor aggressiveness, and its expression has been proven to be useful in the prognostic and predictive evaluation of several types of tumors. To numerically quantify the pki67 presence in cancerous tissue areas, pathologists generally analyze histochemical images to count the number of tumor nuclei marked for pki67. This allows estimating the ki67-index, that is the percentage of tumor nuclei positive for pki67 over all the tumor nuclei. Given the high image resolution and dimensions, its estimation by expert clinicians is particularly laborious and time consuming. Though automatic cell counting techniques have been presented so far, the problem is still open. RESULTS In this paper we present a novel automatic approach for the estimations of the ki67-index. The method starts by exploiting the STRESS algorithm to produce a color enhanced image where all pixels belonging to nuclei are easily identified by thresholding, and then separated into positive (i.e. pixels belonging to nuclei marked for pki67) and negative by a binary classification tree. Next, positive and negative nuclei pixels are processed separately by two multiscale procedures identifying isolated nuclei and separating adjoining nuclei. The multiscale procedures exploit two Bayesian classification trees to recognize positive and negative nuclei-shaped regions. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of the computed results, both through experts' visual assessments and through the comparison of the computed indexes with those of experts, proved that the prototype is promising, so that experts believe in its potential as a tool to be exploited in the clinical practice as a valid aid for clinicians estimating the ki67-index. The MATLAB source code is open source for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rita Barricelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Casiraghi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gliozzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Dermatology, Viale Regina Marghertita, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Huber
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Eugenio Leone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzi
- Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vergani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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11
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Yang B, Dai JX, Pan YB, Ma YB, Chu SH. Examining the biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of medulloblastoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:433-441. [PMID: 31289514 PMCID: PMC6540325 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. The aim of the present study was to predict biomarkers and reveal their potential molecular mechanisms in MB. The gene expression profiles of GSE35493, GSE50161, GSE74195 and GSE86574 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Using the Limma package in R, a total of 1,006 overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the cut-off criteria of P<0.05 and |log2fold-change (FC)|>1 were identified between MB and normal samples, including 540 upregulated and 466 downregulated genes. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were also performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool to analyze functional and pathway enrichment. The Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes database was subsequently used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the network was visualized in Cytoscape. The top 11 hub genes, including CDK1, CCNB1, CCNB2, PLK1, CDC20, MAD2L1, AURKB, CENPE, TOP2A, KIF2C and PCNA, were identified from the PPI network. The survival curves for hub genes in the dataset GSE85217 predicted the association between the genes and survival of patients with MB. The top 3 modules were identified by the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. The results indicated that the pathways of DEGs in module 1 were primarily enriched in cell cycle, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and oocyte meiosis; and the most significant functional pathways in modules 2 and 3 were primarily enriched in mismatch repair and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, respectively. These results may help elucidate the pathogenesis and design novel treatments for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xi Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Bo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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12
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Zhang G, Dong Z, Prager BC, Kim LJ, Wu Q, Gimple RC, Wang X, Bao S, Hamerlik P, Rich JN. Chromatin remodeler HELLS maintains glioma stem cells through E2F3 and MYC. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126140. [PMID: 30779712 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas, which contain stem cell-like glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), are universally lethal cancers. While neural stem cells (NSCs) are usually quiescent, single-cell studies suggest that proliferating glioblastoma cells reside in the GSC population. Interrogating in silico glioma databases for epigenetic regulators that correlate with cell cycle regulation, we identified the chromatin remodeler HELLS as a potential target in glioblastoma. GSCs preferentially expressed HELLS compared with their differentiated tumor progeny and nonmalignant brain cells. Targeting HELLS disrupted GSC proliferation, survival, and self-renewal with induction of replication stress and DNA damage. Investigating potential molecular mechanisms downstream of HELLS revealed that HELLS interacted with the core oncogenic transcription factors, E2F3 and MYC, to regulate gene expression critical to GSC proliferation and maintenance. Supporting the interaction, HELLS expression strongly correlated with targets of E2F3 and MYC transcriptional activity in glioblastoma patients. The potential clinical significance of HELLS was reinforced by improved survival of tumor-bearing mice upon targeting HELLS and poor prognosis of glioma patients with elevated HELLS expression. Collectively, targeting HELLS may permit the functional disruption of the relatively undruggable MYC and E2F3 transcription factors and serve as a novel therapeutic paradigm for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leo Jk Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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13
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Rahme GJ, Luikart BW, Cheng C, Israel MA. A recombinant lentiviral PDGF-driven mouse model of proneural glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:332-342. [PMID: 29016807 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse models of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, are critical for understanding GBM pathology and can contribute to the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic agents. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling has been implicated in the development and pathogenesis of GBM, specifically the proneural subtype. Although multiple mouse models of PDGF-driven glioma have been described, they require transgenic mice engineered to activate PDGF signaling and/or impair tumor suppressor genes and typically represent lower-grade glioma. Methods We designed recombinant lentiviruses expressing both PDGFB and a short hairpin RNA targeting Cdkn2a to induce gliomagenesis following stereotactic injection into the dentate gyrus of adult immunocompetent mice. We engineered these viruses to coexpress CreERT2 with PDGFB, allowing for deletion of floxed genes specifically in transduced cells, and designed another version of this recombinant lentivirus in which enhanced green fluorescent protein was coexpressed with PDGFB and CreERT2 to visualize transduced cells. Results The dentate gyrus of injected mice showed hypercellularity one week post-injection and subsequently developed bona fide tumors with the pathologic hallmarks of GBM leading to a median survival of 77 days post-injection. Transcriptomic analysis of these tumors revealed a proneural gene expression signature. Conclusion Informed by the genetic alterations observed in human GBM, we engineered a novel mouse model of proneural GBM. While reflecting many of the advantages of transgenic mice, this model allows for the facile in vivo testing of gene function in tumor cells and makes possible the rapid production of large numbers of immunocompetent tumor-bearing mice for preclinical testing of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert J Rahme
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bryan W Luikart
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Mark A Israel
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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14
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Wang X, Wang D, Yao Z, Xin B, Wang B, Lan C, Qin Y, Xu S, He D, Liu Y. Machine Learning Models for Multiparametric Glioma Grading With Quantitative Result Interpretations. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1046. [PMID: 30686996 PMCID: PMC6337068 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Accurate grading is crucial as therapeutic strategies are often disparate for different grades and may influence patient prognosis. This study aims to provide an automated glioma grading platform on the basis of machine learning models. In this paper, we investigate contributions of multi-parameters from multimodal data including imaging parameters or features from the Whole Slide images (WSI) and the proliferation marker Ki-67 for automated brain tumor grading. For each WSI, we extract both visual parameters such as morphology parameters and sub-visual parameters including first-order and second-order features. On the basis of machine learning models, our platform classifies gliomas into grades II, III, and IV. Furthermore, we quantitatively interpret and reveal the important parameters contributing to grading with the Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) algorithm. The quantitative analysis and explanation may assist clinicians to better understand the disease and accordingly to choose optimal treatments for improving clinical outcomes. The performance of our grading model was evaluated with cross-validation, which randomly divided the patients into non-overlapping training and testing sets and repeatedly validated the model on the different testing sets. The primary results indicated that this modular platform approach achieved the highest grading accuracy of 0.90 ± 0.04 with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, with grading accuracies of 0.91 ± 0.08, 0.90 ± 0.08, and 0.90 ± 0.07 for grade II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wang
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dingqian Wang
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhigang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bowen Xin
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bao Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanjin Lan
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yejun Qin
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dazhong He
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Zhang N, Shang Z, Wang Z, Meng X, Li Z, Tian H, Huang D, Yin X, Zheng B, Zhang X. Molecular pathological expression in malignant gliomas resected by fluorescein sodium-guiding under the YELLOW 560 nm surgical microscope filter. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:195. [PMID: 30285781 PMCID: PMC6167783 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to analyze the relationship between molecular pathologic expression of GFAP and Ki-67 and fluorescence levels, and to provide molecular pathological basis for the removal of malignant gliomas (MG) by Fluorescein Sodium (FLS) navigation under the YELLOW 560 nm surgical microscope filter. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 18 MG cases confirmed by the postoperative pathology was performed. All cases were resected by FLS guiding under the YELLOW 560 nm filter. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, molecular pathology markers GFAP, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining of the specimens were performed. The relationship between fluorescence staining levels and GFAP positive rate, Ki-67 proliferation index, and WHO grades was studied. Results There were 69 pathological specimens with fluorescence levels of “bright” fluorescence (n = 32), “low” fluorescence (n = 18), and “no” fluorescence (n = 19). Immunohistochemical staining showed GFAP-positive expression in both tumor cells and normal glial cells. The staining levels of the specimens in the fluorescence regions were higher than that in the non-fluorescence regions. GFAP expression was positive in 61 specimens and negative in 8 specimens. Comparison of Ki-67 proliferation index using chi-square test showed different fluorescence levels had different Ki-67 proliferation indexes (χ2 = 14.678, p = 0.005). With high proliferation index of specimens, fluorescence level was brighter. WHO grade had no correlation with fluorescence levels (χ2 = 3.531, p = 0.171). Conclusion FLS-guided resection of MG is safe and effective. In the boundary area of MG, fluorescence levels and Ki-67 proliferation index showed correlation. FLS-guided resection achieved the function of “reducing tumor cell,” thus reducing the proliferation index in the lesion area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhende Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianbing Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dezhang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai An, Shandong, China.
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16
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Phosphorylated Histone H3 (PHH3) as a Novel Cell Proliferation Marker and Prognosticator for Meningeal Tumors: A Short Review. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:627-631. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Üzüm N, Ataoğlu GAÖ. Histopathological Parameters with Ki-67 and bcl-2 in the Prognosis of Meningiomas According to WHO 2000 Classification. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:389-97. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Meningiomas are classified following the WHO system of 2000 into three grades, benign (grade I), atypical (grade II), and anaplastic (grade III). We investigated the relation between tumor grade and Ki-67 and bcl-2. Methods In the present study, 246 cases of meningioma were reclassified according to the WHO 2000 system. The relationship between tumor grade and morphological parameters like pattern, mitotic index, cellularity, pleomorphism, nucleoli, small cell population with high nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio, necrosis and brain invasion was examined. Follow-up data were available for only 80 patients. Results A correlation was found between all morphologic parameters except for brain invasion. These parameters were related to a poor prognosis. There was no statistically significant difference in the prognosis between WHO grade I and grade II, whereas these two grades collectively exhibited significantly better survival than WHO grade III. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and bcl-2 was performed, and correlations between their expressions and other clinicopathological findings were investigated. Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression was correlated with tumor grade, and the higher the tumor grade, the higher the Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, tumor grade appeared to be the most important parameter for a prognosis of meningiomas. Conclusions Ki-67 and bcl-2 expression might participate in carcinogenesis and when used with the grading system could provide additional benefit in assessing the biological behavior of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nüket Üzüm
- Pathology Department, Gazi Üniversitesi School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
An integrated genomic and functional analysis to elucidate DNA damage signaling factors promoting self-renewal of glioma stem cells (GSCs) identified proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-associated factor (PAF) up-regulation in glioblastoma. PAF is preferentially overexpressed in GSCs. Its depletion impairs maintenance of self-renewal without promoting differentiation and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that PAF supports GSC maintenance, in part, by influencing DNA replication and pyrimidine metabolism pathways. PAF interacts with PCNA and regulates PCNA-associated DNA translesion synthesis (TLS); consequently, PAF depletion in combination with radiation generated fewer tumorspheres compared with radiation alone. Correspondingly, pharmacological impairment of DNA replication and TLS phenocopied the effect of PAF depletion in compromising GSC self-renewal and radioresistance, providing preclinical proof of principle that combined TLS inhibition and radiation therapy may be a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
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19
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Stoyanov GS, Dzhenkov DL, Kitanova M, Donev IS, Ghenev P. Correlation Between Ki-67 Index, World Health Organization Grade and Patient Survival in Glial Tumors With Astrocytic Differentiation. Cureus 2017; 9:e1396. [PMID: 28845375 PMCID: PMC5572049 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a class IV astrocytic tumor, the most malignant of the four groups of World Health Organization (WHO) tumors with astrocytic differentiation. Aim The aim of this study was to establish whether a correlation exists between the Ki-67 index of tumors with astrocytic differentiation, WHO grade, and patient survival. Materials and methods A retrospective non-clinical approach to patient selection was chosen for the aim of the study. A total of 47 patients diagnosed and treated for CNS tumors with astrocytic differentiation in the St. Marina University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria, from September 2012 to July 2016 were retrospectively included into the study cohort. The cases were tested for their immunohistochemistry (IHC) reaction with Ki-67 after their original Hematoxylin and Eosin and IHC slides were reviewed by a single author and blind coded. The Ki-67 positivity index of the nuclei was estimated after digitalization of the slides and calculated by the ImmunoRatio automated counting tool. The individual Ki-67 index and patient survival of each case were statistically compared. Results The histopathological groups, after the blind Ki-67 index automated calculation was carried out, revealed no WHO grade I, two WHO grade II samples, four WHO grade III samples and 41 WHO grade IV cases, and these were included in the analysis. The two samples of WHO grade II astrocytic tumors had a mean Ki-67 index of 25%; however, they comprised tumors with an individual index of 43% and 7%, both individual values with a highly unlikely index for this group. The four samples of WHO grade III had a mean Ki-67 index of 4%, standard deviation ±2.16 (p>0.05), with the lowest index being 1% and the highest one being 6%. Both WHO grade II and III did not include enough samples to allow for a proper statistical analysis of patient survival. The 41 GBM cases had a mean Ki-67 index of 17.34%, standard deviation ±10.79 (p>0.05). Statistical analysis of the Ki-67 index divided dichotomously into two groups and patient survival revealed that cases with a high Ki-67 index had no significant difference in survival when compared to those with low expression. Conclusions Based on the reported results, the mean Ki-67 percentage of positive nuclei in GBM tumor samples cannot be used to estimate the survival of patients. However, Ki-67 remains a valuable IHC pathological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Stoyanov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyan L Dzhenkov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Martina Kitanova
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan S Donev
- Clinic of Oncology, St. Marina University Hospital Varna
| | - Peter Ghenev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Varna, Bulgaria
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20
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YANG JINGHUI, YANG QIWEI, YU JING, LI XIMENG, YU SHAN, ZHANG XUEWEN. SPOCK1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells through PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3566-76. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Teplyuk NM, Uhlmann EJ, Wong AHK, Karmali P, Basu M, Gabriely G, Jain A, Wang Y, Chiocca EA, Stephens R, Marcusson E, Yi M, Krichevsky AM. MicroRNA-10b inhibition reduces E2F1-mediated transcription and miR-15/16 activity in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3770-83. [PMID: 25738367 PMCID: PMC4414152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is commonly elevated in glioblastoma (GBM), while not expressed in normal brain tissues. Targeted inhibition of miR-10b has pleiotropic effects on GBM derived cell lines, it reduces GBM growth in animal models, but does not affect normal neurons and astrocytes. This data raises the possibility of developing miR-10b-targeting GBM therapy. However, the mechanisms contributing to miR-10b-mediated glioma cell survival and proliferation are unexplored. We found that inhibition of miR-10b has distinct effects on specific glioma cell lines. In cells expressing high levels of tumor suppressor p21WAF1/Cip1, it represses E2F1-mediated transcription, leading to down-regulation of multiple E2F1 target genes encoding for S-phase specific proteins, epigenetic modulators, and miRNAs (e.g. miR-15/16), and thereby stalling progression through the S-phase of cell cycle. Subsequently, miR-15/16 activities are reduced and many of their direct targets are de-repressed, including ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 that destabilizes Cyclin E. Conversely, GBM cells expressing low p21 level, or after p21 knock-down, exhibit weaker or no E2F1 response to miR-10b inhibition. Comparative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed a strong correlation between miR-10b and multiple E2F target genes in GBM and low-grade glioma. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-10b regulates E2F1-mediated transcription in GBM, in a p21-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya M Teplyuk
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik J Uhlmann
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andus Hon-Kit Wong
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Meenakshi Basu
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galina Gabriely
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anant Jain
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Stephens
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Ming Yi
- Cancer Research and Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade gliomas have good overall survival rates in pediatric patients compared to adults. There are some case series that reported the effectiveness and safety of Gamma Knife radiosurgery, yet they are limited in number of patients. We aimed to review the relevant literature for pediatric low-grade glial tumors treated with stereotactic radiosurgery, specifically Gamma Knife radiosurgery, and to present an exemplary case. CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old boy was admitted to clinic due to head trauma. He was alert, cooperative, and had no obvious motor or sensorial deficit. A head CT scan depicted a hypodense zone at the right caudate nucleus. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted a mass lesion at the same location. A stereotactic biopsy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was low-grade astrocytoma (grade II, World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 2007). Gamma Knife radiosurgery was applied to the tumor bed. Tumor volume was 21.85 cm(3). Fourteen gray was given to 50% isodose segment of the lesion (maximal dose of 28 Gy). The tumor has disappeared totally in 4 months, and the patient was tumor-free 21 months after the initial treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The presented literature review represents mostly single-center experiences with different patient and treatment characteristics. Accordingly, a mean/median margin dose of 11.3-15 Gy with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is successful in treatment of pediatric and adult low-grade glial tumor patients. However, prospective studies with a large cohort of pediatric patients should be conducted to make a more comprehensive conclusion for effectiveness and safety of GKRS in pediatric low-grade glial tumors.
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23
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Atalay T, Ak H, Celik B, Gulsen I, Seckin H, Tanik N, Albayrak SB, Bavbek M. Prognostic Factors in Oligodendrogliomas: a Clinical Study of Twenty-Five Consecutive Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015. [PMID: 26225672 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of Ki-67 and subjective microvascular density (SMVD) indexes together with other factors in patients with oligodendroglioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, oligodendroglioma specimens obtained from twenty-five consecutive patients were evaluated for Ki-67 and SMVD indices to help determine histological grading and investigate the fidelity of these markers in clinical prognosis. Other potentially prognostic factors were Karnofsky performance scale, tumor histological grade, and adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS The Ki-67 proliferation index appeared to have a strong correlation with the grade of the tumor and the survival. Age, gender, adjuvant radiotherapy, surgical resection type (complete versus incomplete) did not have any influence on recurrence. The SMVD index correlated significantly with the 3 to 5-year survival. CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 and MVD indexes are important and useful markers in estimating the prognosis of oligodendrogliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugay Atalay
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey E-mail :
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Moore SA, Oglesbee MJ. Spinal Cord Ependymal Responses to Naturally Occurring Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:1108-17. [PMID: 25445323 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814560235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord ependymal layer (SEL) is a recent focus in spinal cord injury (SCI) research because of its potential to serve as a source of endogenous neural stem cells. Dogs are an important spontaneous model of SCI; however, there is a paucity of information available in the literature regarding the canine SEL. Here we describe the histologic appearance and immunohistochemical staining patterns of the SEL in normal dogs (n = 4) and dogs with acute SCI caused by intervertebral disk extrusion (n = 7). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA, Ki-67, caspase 3, E-cadherin, GFAP, and vimentin was employed in both groups. Staining for Ki-67 was absent in the SEL of normal and SCI-affected dogs, indicating possible restricted proliferative capacity of the canine SEL acutely after SCI. GFAP-positive cells were increased after SCI at both at the lesion epicenter and at proximal spinal cord sites (P = .001 and P = .006, respectively), supporting the possibility of astrocytic differentiation within the SEL after SCI. Total E-cadherin staining did not differ between normal and SCI-affected dogs (P = .42 for lesion epicenter, P = .09 at proximal sites) and was restricted to the apical cell surface in normal dogs. After SCI, E-cadherin staining was membrane-circumferential and cytosolic in nature, indicating possible loss of cellular polarity after injury that could drive cell migration from the SEL to injury sites. Enhanced GFAP expression and changes in E-cadherin expression patterns support additional studies to evaluate the canine SEL as a source of endogenous neural precursors that may be modulated for future clinical interventions after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (SAM), The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Oglesbee
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences (MJO), The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Baskin R, Park SO, Keserű GM, Bisht KS, Wamsley HL, Sayeski PP. The Jak2 small molecule inhibitor, G6, reduces the tumorigenic potential of T98G glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105568. [PMID: 25162558 PMCID: PMC4146502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. Jak2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in proliferative signaling through its association with various cell surface receptors. Hyperactive Jak2 signaling has been implicated in numerous hematological disorders as well as in various solid tumors including GBM. Our lab has developed a Jak2 small molecule inhibitor known as G6. It exhibits potent efficacy in vitro and in several in vivo models of Jak2-mediated hematological disease. Here, we hypothesized that G6 would inhibit the pathogenic growth of GBM cells expressing hyperactive Jak2. To test this, we screened several GBM cell lines and found that T98G cells express readily detectable levels of active Jak2. We found that G6 treatment of these cells reduced the phosphorylation of Jak2 and STAT3, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, G6 treatment reduced the migratory potential, invasive potential, clonogenic growth potential, and overall viability of these cells. The effect of G6 was due to its direct suppression of Jak2 function and not via off-target kinases, as these effects were recapitulated in T98G cells that received Jak2 specific shRNA. G6 also significantly increased the levels of caspase-dependent apoptosis in T98G cells, when compared to cells that were treated with vehicle control. Lastly, when T98G cells were injected into nude mice, G6 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and this was concomitant with significantly decreased levels of phospho-Jak2 and phospho-STAT3 within the tumors themselves. Furthermore, tumors harvested from mice that received G6 had significantly less vimentin protein levels when compared to tumors from mice that received vehicle control solution. Overall, these combined in vitro and in vivo results indicate that G6 may be a viable therapeutic option against GBM exhibiting hyperactivation of Jak2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Baskin
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sung O. Park
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - György M. Keserű
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kirpal S. Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Wamsley
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Peter P. Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Turkoglu E, Kertmen H, Sanli AM, Onder E, Gunaydin A, Gurses L, Ergun BR, Sekerci Z. Clinical outcome of adult choroid plexus tumors: retrospective analysis of a single institute. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1461-8; discussion 1467-8. [PMID: 24866474 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroid plexus tumors are rare brain tumors with clinical features that vary according to the histological grade. We reviewed the treatment outcomes of 15 adult patients with choroid plexus tumors, focusing on surgical outcomes and current therapeutic strategies. METHOD Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, operative findings, adjuvant therapies, disease progression and survival rates were reviewed. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 33.7 ± 10 years (19-59 years) for patients with choroid plexus tumors. Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 26.7 % of patients, and 13.3 % of patients received radiotherapy. The Ki-67 labeling index and mitotic index increased at higher histological grades. All of the choroid plexus papilloma and atypical choroid plexus papilloma patients have survived. The overall survival rate of patients with choroid plexus carcinoma was 50 % in the first year, but none of the patients survived to the second year. Five patients underwent permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion surgery because of hydrocephalus or subdural effusion. CONCLUSIONS Choroid plexus papilloma and atypical choroid plexus papilloma patients can be treated with complete surgical resection. Choroid plexus carcinoma has a poor prognosis, and aggressive multi-modal treatments are generally needed for treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are important adjuvant therapies for choroid plexus carcinoma. If hydrocephalus and/or subdural effusion occur, permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion should be added to the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Turkoglu
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Educational Hospital, 06610, Ankara, Turkey,
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Bergthold G, Bandopadhayay P, Bi WL, Ramkissoon L, Stiles C, Segal RA, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Grill J, Kieran MW. Pediatric low-grade gliomas: how modern biology reshapes the clinical field. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:294-307. [PMID: 24589977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas represent the most frequent brain tumors arising during childhood. They are characterized by a broad and heterogeneous group of tumors that are currently classified by the WHO according to their morphological appearance. Here we review the clinical features of these tumors, current therapeutic strategies and the recent discovery of genomic alterations characteristic to these tumors. We further explore how these recent biological findings stand to transform the treatment for these tumors and impact the diagnostic criteria for pediatric low-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Stiles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacques Grill
- Departement de Cancerologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Gustave Roussy and Unité Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Donovan P, Cato K, Legaie R, Jayalath R, Olsson G, Hall B, Olson S, Boros S, Reynolds BA, Harding A. Hyperdiploid tumor cells increase phenotypic heterogeneity within Glioblastoma tumors. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:741-58. [PMID: 24448662 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the identification of a proliferative, viable, and hyperdiploid tumor cell subpopulation present within Glioblastoma (GB) patient tumors. Using xenograft tumor models, we demonstrate that hyperdiploid cell populations are maintained in xenograft tumors and that clonally expanded hyperdiploid cells support tumor formation and progression in vivo. In some patient tumorsphere lines, hyperdiploidy is maintained during long-term culture and in vivo within xenograft tumor models, suggesting that hyperdiploidy can be a stable cell state. In other patient lines hyperdiploid cells display genetic drift in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that in these patients hyperdiploidy is a transient cell state that generates novel phenotypes, potentially facilitating rapid tumor evolution. We show that the hyperdiploid cells are resistant to conventional therapy, in part due to infrequent cell division due to a delay in the G₀/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Hyperdiploid tumor cells are significantly larger and more metabolically active than euploid cancer cells, and this correlates to an increased sensitivity to the effects of glycolysis inhibition. Together these data identify GB hyperdiploid tumor cells as a potentially important subpopulation of cells that are well positioned to contribute to tumor evolution and disease recurrence in adult brain cancer patients, and suggest tumor metabolism as a promising point of therapeutic intervention against this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Donovan
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, School of Life Sciences SV, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research ISREC, Switzerland.
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Gli1 inhibition suppressed cell growth and cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis as well as autophagy depending on ERK1/2 activity in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e979. [PMID: 24384722 PMCID: PMC4040663 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) has been recognized as a very important nuclear executor at the distal end of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal pathway, which has crucial roles in regulating many developmental processes, such as pattern formation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Overexpression of patched 1 protein and Gli1 or constitutively active Indian Hedgehog (IHh)-parathyroid hormone-related protein signal pathway may lead to musculoskeletal tumorigenesis. However, for chondrosarcoma few studies have paid close attention to the IHh-Gli1 signal transduction cascade and more work needs to be carried out to fully elucidate Gli1 protein functions. Here we show that the IHh signal pathway was activated in chondrosarcoma, and knocking down the expression of Gli1 attenuated the disturbed IHh signal pathway, which not only suppressed cell proliferation and promoted G2/M cell cycle arrest but also enhanced cell apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression. Furthermore, Gli1 downregulation, not cyclopamine, induced autophagy by regulating mTOR phosphorylation, and inhibition of autophagy prevented Gli1 small interfering RNA-mediated cell death. We also demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activity may mediate these antiproliferative events induced by Gli1 inhibition. These results indicate that Gli1 inhibition could ultimately provide a promising new approach for chondrosarcoma treatment.
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Jaiswal S, Vij M, Mehrotra A, Kumar B, Nair A, Jaiswal AK, Behari S, Jain VK. Choroid plexus tumors: A clinico-pathological and neuro-radiological study of 23 cases. Asian J Neurosurg 2013; 8:29-35. [PMID: 23741260 PMCID: PMC3667458 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choroid plexus tumors are intraventricular tumors derived from choroid plexus epithelium. AIM To study the choroid plexus tumors with reference to their clinical, radiological, and pathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed by the retrospectively reviewing the clinical, radiological, and pathological records of patients of choroid plexus tumors. RESULTS A total of 23 cases (11 males, 13 females) of choroid plexus tumor were diagnosed from 1997 to 2009. Fourteen patients were below 15 years of age. Raised intracranial pressure was the main presenting feature in all the cases. Tumor was located in lateral ventricle (n = 14; in 3 cases tumor was going into third ventricle), fourth ventricle (n = 7), and cerebellopontine angle (n = 2). Total tumor excision was achieved in 21 cases. The histopathology was suggestive of choroid plexus papilloma (n = 19), atypical choroid plexus papilloma (n = 1), and choroid plexus carcinoma (n = 2). Clears cell areas were noted in three cases. Other histopathological features observed were foci of calcification (n = 5), Psammoma bodies (n = 2), hemorrhage (n = 5), hyalinization (n = 2), and oncocytic changes (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Choroid plexus tumors are intraventricular tumors arising from choroid plexus epithelium. The predominant clinical presentation is raised intracranial pressure. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment; histopathologically, they include choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma, and choroid plexus carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushila Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukul Vij
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Mehrotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijendra Kumar Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Three meta-analyses define a set of commonly overexpressed genes from microarray datasets on astrocytomas. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:325-36. [PMID: 23135747 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system, and one of its main types is astrocytoma. Microarray technology has been widely used to explore the molecular mechanism of cancer. It is universally accepted that meta-analysis considerably improves the statistical robustness of results, particularly in clinical research. To obtain the maximum reliability, we used three different meta-analyses to integrate the four microarray datasets, GSE16011, GSE4290, GSE2223, and GSE19728 (local), and defined the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in astrocytomas compared with normal brain tissue. Four DEGs, PCNA, CDC2, CDK2 and CCNB2, which are components of the cell cycle pathway, were chosen for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry validation. PCNA is similar to the P53 gene and has been widely implicated in various cancers including gliomas. Therefore, the expression status of PCNA in our study was considered as a reference to test our whole experimental scheme, and the results indicate that our methodology is valid. Although a few studies have reported the overexpression of the CDC2, CDK2 and CCNB2 genes in glioma cell lines, we are the first to identify the statuses of these genes in human astrocytoma tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. The results of the gene validations strongly suggested that the genes play an important role in astrocytomas and could potentially be valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of astrocytoma.
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Chaloob MK, Ali HH, Qasim BJ, Mohammed AS. Immunohistochemical Expression of Ki-67, PCNA and CD34 in Astrocytomas: A Clinicopathological Study. Oman Med J 2012; 27:368-74. [PMID: 23074546 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) as proliferative markers to study proliferative activity and CD34 as an endothelial cell marker in order to study vascular proliferation in astrocytomas in correlation with some clinicopathological parameters (age, gender, site of the tumor, and tumor grade). METHODS A retrospective study wherein a total of 51 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain astrocytoma excisional biopsies covering the period of June 2009 to February 2011 were retrieved from the archival materials of the Specialized Surgical Hospital in Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq. The histopathological diagnosis had been revised and all cases were stained by immunohistochemical technique with Ki-67, PCNA, and CD34 tumor markers. Values were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. RESULTS Fibrillary astrocytoma (WHO grade II) was found to be the most common type among astrocytic tumors with the peak age incidence of astrocytomas found in the second and fifth decades of life, and a slight male predominance had been identified. There was a significant correlation between the age of the patients and the grade of the tumor, Ki-67 and PCNA labeling indices, and microvessel density (MVD) detected by CD34 (p<0.05). There was a highly significant correlation between Ki-67 and PCNA labeling indices in astrocytomas (p<0.001). CONCLUSION A significant correlation was found between Ki-67, PCNA labeling indices, and MVD (microvessel density) detected by CD34, and between the clinicopathological variables of astrocytomas (age and grade of tumor). Hence, Ki-67 and PCNA, as markers for proliferation, and MVD as a marker of angiogenesis, could be used as ancillary methods in the differentiation of borderline grades of astrocytomas.
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Pan SJ, Zhan SK, Pei BG, Sun QF, Bian LG, Sun BM. Microrna-149 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells via Blockade of Akt1 Signaling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:871-81. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of gene expressions. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is implicated in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including the tumorigenesis of glioma (GM). Though the molecular mechanisms of protein kinase B (AKT) survival signal have been comprehensively explored, the role of miR-149 in glioblastoma (GBM) and its regulation on AKT signaling have not yet been ascertained. The present study aimed to elucidate the role and molecular mechanisms of miR-149 in U251 GM cells. Using a gain-of-function approach, we investigated the effects of lentivirus-mediated overexpression of miR-149 on the expression of phosphated-AKT1 (p-AKT1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and CyclinD1 in U251 cells and nude mice subcutaneous xenograft tumors by Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical assays. Proliferative activities indicated by MTT assay, invasive potential by Transwell and cycle distribution by flow cytometry were carried out for functional analysis of U251 cells after infection with miR-149 mimic. As a consequence, miR-149 inhibited the expression of p-AKT1, PCNA, CyclinD1 and MMP-2, reduced the proliferative activities and invasive potential, and induced cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in U251 cells. In conclusion, our findings show that miR-149 as tumor suppressor may be involved in the proliferation and invasion of GM cells via blockade of the AKT1 signaling, and be considered as a candidate target for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J. Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai PRC
| | - S-K. Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai PRC
| | - B-G. Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chao Yang Hospital, Huainan, Anhui province, PRC
| | - Q-F. Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai PRC
| | - L-G. Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai PRC
| | - B-M. Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai PRC
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Temozolomide and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status and Ki-67 as biomarkers for survival and response to treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-011-0928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brosinski K, Janik D, Polkinghorne A, Von Bomhard W, Schmahl W. Olfactory neuroblastoma in dogs and cats--a histological and immunohistochemical analysis. J Comp Pathol 2011; 146:152-9. [PMID: 21783199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) was identified in 13 dogs and nine cats. The tumours were subjected to microscopical examination and were graded using a human pathological grading system. In the canine and feline tumours there was more necrosis and higher mitotic activity (mitotic index and Ki67 labelling index) than reported in human ONB. Rosettes were a common feature of feline ONBs. A significant correlation was observed between the histological grade and the Ki67 labelling index. The histopathological diagnosis of ONB was confirmed immunohistochemically by demonstration of the neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Two other neuron-specific antibodies specific for microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN) were evaluated. MAP-2 expression proved to have higher specificity than labelling for NSE. NeuN expression was less sensitive and of limited practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brosinski
- Chair of General Pathology and Neuropathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany.
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Saksena S, Jain R, Narang J, Scarpace L, Schultz LR, Lehman NL, Hearshen D, Patel SC, Mikkelsen T. Predicting survival in glioblastomas using diffusion tensor imaging metrics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 32:788-95. [PMID: 20882608 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively correlate various diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with patient survival analysis and also degree of tumor proliferation index determined histologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four patients with histologically confirmed treatment naive GBMs underwent DTI on a 3.0 Tesla (T) scanner. Region-of-interest was placed on the whole lesion including the enhancing as well as nonenhancing component of the lesion to determine the various DTI metrics. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression methods were used to assess the relationship of DTI metrics (minimum and mean values) and Ki-67 with progression free survival (PFS). To study the relationship between DTI metrics and Ki-67, Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that patients with fractional anisotropy (FA)(mean) ≤ 0.2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)(min) ≤ 0.6, planar anisotropy (CP)(min) ≤ 0.002, spherical anisotropy (CS)(mean) > 0.68 and Ki-67 > 0.3 had lower PFS rate. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that only CP(min) was the best predictor of survival in these patients, after adjusting for age, Karnofsky performance scale and extent of resection. No significant correlation between DTI metrics and Ki-67 were observed. CONCLUSION DTI metrics can be used as a sensitive and early indicator for PFS in patients with glioblastomas. This could be useful for treatment planning as high-grade gliomas with lower ADC(min), FA(mean), CP(min), and higher CS(mean) values may be treated more aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Saksena
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Chen JH, Tsou TC, Chiu IM, Chou CC. Proliferation Inhibition, DNA Damage, and Cell-Cycle Arrest of Human Astrocytoma Cells after Acrylamide Exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:1449-58. [DOI: 10.1021/tx1000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hang Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Tsui-Chun Tsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
| | - Chin-Cheng Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 480 West Ninth Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Center
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New automated image analysis method for the assessment of Ki-67 labeling index in meningiomas. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 47:587-92. [PMID: 20430724 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have emphasised the importance of Ki-67 labeling index (LI) as the proliferation marker in meningiomas. Several authors confirmed, that Ki-67 LI has prognostic significance and correlates with likelihood of tumour recurrences. These observations were widely accepted by pathologists, but up till now no standard method for Ki-67 LI assessment was developed and introduced for the diagnostic pathology. In this paper we present a new computerised system for automated Ki-67 LI estimation in meningiomas as an aid for histological grading of meningiomas and potential standard method of Ki-67 LI assessment. We also discuss the concordance of Ki-67 LI results obtained by presented computerized system and expert pathologist, as well as possible pitfalls and mistakes in automated counting of immunopositive or negative cells. For the quantitative evaluation of digital images of meningiomas the designed software uses an algorithm based on mathematical description of cell morphology. This solution acts together with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) used in the classification mode for the recognition of immunoreactivity of cells. The applied sequential thresholding simulated well the human process of cell recognition. The same digital images of randomly selected tumour areas were parallelly analysed by computer and blindly by two expert pathologists. Ki-67 labeling indices were estimated and the results compared. The mean relative discrepancy between the levels of Ki-67 LI by our system and by the human expert did not exceed 14% in all investigated cases. These preliminary results suggest that the designed software could be an useful tool supporting the diagnostic digital pathology. However, more extended studies are needed for approval of this suggestion.
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Liu H, Tan H, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Gu Y, Peng W. Imaging findings in mucinous breast carcinoma and correlating factors. Eur J Radiol 2010; 80:706-12. [PMID: 20615642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors influencing mammographic and sonographic features of mucinous breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six patients diagnosed as mucinous breast carcinoma between March 2005 and April 2009 were studied. Mammographies of all patients and sonographies of 41 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Microscopic slides were re-evaluated by a pathologist in order to estimate the volume of extracellular mucus which was classified as: (+), less than 50% of mucus; (++), 50-80% of mucus; and (+++), more than 80% of mucus. RESULTS Thirty-one (61.3%) cases of pure mucinous type and 2 (33.3%) of mixed mucinous carcinoma presented as masses had well-defined margins on mammography. No correlation was found between margin characteristics and histological type as well as extracellular mucus rates. Denser breasts and young age group had significantly higher ratios of tumors presented with ill-defined masses than its counterpart. Sonographically, 100% lesions showed a hypoechoic lesion, 76.5% lesions in pure type and 71.4% lesions in mixed type showed a heterogeneous internal echo. No correlation was found between sonographic findings and histological type as well as extracellular mucus rates. Lesions with >40 positivity PCNA had higher ratio presented as ill-defined margins than those of ≤40% positivity PCNA. CONCLUSIONS The most common appearance of mucinous breast carcinoma is a mass on mammography and a hypoechoic lesion with heterogeneous internal echo on sonography. Mammographic margins and sonographic findings have no relation with histological type and extracellular mucus rate. Mammographic margin features are correlated with breast density and age and PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital, and Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Jurić I, Pogorelić Z, Kuzmić-Prusac I, Biocić M, Jakovljević G, Stepan J, Zupancić B, Culić S, Kruslin B. Expression and prognostic value of the Ki-67 in Wilms' tumor: experience with 48 cases. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:487-93. [PMID: 20306058 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ki-67, tumor proliferation marker, is an important prognostic factor in a variety of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the expression and the prognostic value of Ki-67 in nephroblastoma. METHODS Ki-67 expressions were investigated by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded material in 48 children operated on because of nephroblastoma. Patients were treated according to SIOP protocol. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years. A proliferation index was obtained by immunohistochemistry using anti-Ki-67 anti-body. RESULTS The mean Ki-67 proliferation index in the blastemal type was 12.3%, and in the epithelial type, 21.4%. In the anaplastic type, Ki-67 proliferation index was: in the blastemal component 20%, in the stromal 21%, and in the epithelial 31%. In the mixed tumor type, Ki-67 proliferation index was assessed as: in the blastemal component 10%, in the epithelial 33% and in the stromal 31.5%. Proliferation index for the epithelium was significantly higher than those found for the blastema (P = 0.001). A correlation between Ki-67 and tumor stage found proliferation index significantly higher in stages I and II (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The results support the conclusion that Ki-67 is a relevant marker for assessing the proliferative activity and tumor cell dynamics of nephroblastoma, but it may not be a good clinical prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Jurić
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Split and Split University School of Medicine, Spincićeva 1, 21 000, Split, Croatia
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Comparative proteomic analysis of anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-transformed and normal human bronchial epithelial G0/G1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:166-73. [PMID: 20416286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the proteomic profiling of anti-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (anti-BPDE)-transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE-C) and its parental cell line (16HBE) G0/G1 cells. Differential analysis of proteomic profiling indicated that 67 polypeptides were down-regulated and 77 polypeptides were up-regulated in 16HBE-C G0/G1 cells compared to 16HBE G0/G1 cells. Then 16 differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed with Q-TOF MS/MS. Of these spots, 3 down-regulated polypeptides were identified as sorcin, small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1, and 9 up-regulated polypeptides were identified as calmodulin, myosin light polypeptide 6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tumor protein D52 (TPD52), superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], prohibitin, nuclear protein Hcc-1 and vimentin. These proteins are involved in cell proliferation, protein synthesis, signal transduction and carcinogenesis. Western blotting analysis verified the increased expression levels of PCNA and TPD52 in 16HBE-C G0/G1 cells. Based on the clues from proteomic analysis, the migration and invasion capabilities of 16HBE-C and 16HBE cells were tested. The results indicated that 16HBE-C cells showed much higher migration and invasion capabilities than 16HBE cells, and moreover, the suppression of TPD52 by RNAi resulted in significant decrease of migration and invasion capabilities of 16HBE-C cells. These results will be valuable for further investigating and understanding the mechanisms underlying BaP-induced carcinogenesis.
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Neuritin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in human astrocytoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:907-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Meurer RT, Martins DT, Hilbig A, Ribeiro MDC, Roehe AV, Barbosa-Coutinho LM, Fernandes MDC. Immunohistochemical expression of markers Ki-67, neun, synaptophysin, p53 and HER2 in medulloblastoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2009; 66:385-90. [PMID: 18641877 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. The alterations found include: presence of oncoproteins p53 and HER2, elevated mitotic index, and presence of neuronal differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of markers Ki-67, NeuN, synaptophysin, HER2 and p53 in 40 MB samples and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. In 29 patients (72.5%), >20% of cells were positive for Ki-67. Males showed greater ki-67 expression (p=0.02) and smaller survival rates (p=0.002). NeuN and synaptophysin were negative in 16 (40%) and 8 (20%) cases, respectively. P53 was positive in 18 (45%) cases, with 11 (61%) weakly positive and 7 (39%) strongly positive. HER2 was positive in 23 (57.5%) of the samples and did not show statistical association with survival (p=0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalva Thereza Meurer
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Fundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Mandara MT, Pavone S, Mandrioli L, Bettini G, Falzone C, Baroni M. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Canine and Feline Meningioma. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:836-45. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.08-vp-0185-m-fl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-one meningiomas obtained from 28 dogs and 23 cats were selected for this study to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and to compare it to the reverse transcriptase subunit of human-telomerase, progesterone receptor expression, and the proliferative index of the tumors, expressed by Ki67 and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was obtained from biopsy samples (28 cases) and at necropsy (23 cases). The most common histotype was malignant in dogs (12/28) and transitional in cats (12/23). Slides immunolabelled for MMPs showed a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Twenty-one cases (19 dogs and 2 cats) did not express MMP-2, while only 2 cases were completely negative for MMP-9. The highest values of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were observed in a psammomatous and meningothelial tumor, respectively. On statistical analysis, MMP-2 expression did not show a significant correlation with MMP-9. Moreover, both MMP expressions failed to show significant variance among histologic patterns of the tumor and correlation with the proliferative index. MMP immunolabeling showed an inconstant correlation with progesterone receptor expression. No significant correlation was found between MMP and reverse transcriptase subunit of human-telomerase expression. In feline meningiomas, the MMP-2 value was significantly higher than in canine tumors and the MMP-9 value tended to be low for meningiomas with a follow-up duration from the 23rdmonth to the 44thmonth. In cats, the longer the time from surgery, the lower the proliferative index seemed to be. In dogs, we failed to find a correlation between MMP expression and the follow-up duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Mandara
- Department of Biopathological Science and Hygiene of Animal and Food Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Pavone
- Department of Biopathological Science and Hygiene of Animal and Food Productions, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Falzone
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole, Monsummano Terme, Pistoia, Italy
| | - M. Baroni
- Clinica Veterinaria Valdinievole, Monsummano Terme, Pistoia, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of MIB-1 and p53 in the pediatric medulloblastoma group. MATERIALS AND METHOD Forty-two pediatric medulloblastoma cases diagnosed in a single institution during the past 10 years were evaluated. Follow-up data were available for 35 patients. RESULTS The immunoreactivity of MIB-1 ranged from 10% to 95%; p53 immunoreactivity was found in five cases. Of the 35 patients with follow-up, 34 patients received a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while one received chemotherapy alone. The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. Of the 35 patients, 21 were alive without any evidence of recurrent disease, three were alive with evidence of recurrent disease and 11 died of disease during follow-up. The mean survival for these 11 patients was 21.9+/-10.4 months. Of the 35 cases, 16 had MIB-1 value of 25% or lower and 19 had a value of 26% or more. Of the 16 cases with low MIB-1 value, six died of disease; of the 19 cases with high MIB-1 value, five died of disease. The statistical difference between MIB-1 and prognosis was not significant. Three of the 35 (8.5%) cases were found to be positive with p53 protein; no correlation was observed between p53 immunoreactivity and prognosis. CONCLUSION It appears that the MIB-1 value and p53 immunoreactivity have no relation with prognosis in pediatric medulloblastomas. However, it is convenient to support these findings with large series.
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Saidi A, Hagedorn M, Allain N, Verpelli C, Sala C, Bello L, Bikfalvi A, Javerzat S. Combined targeting of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor potently inhibits glioma growth and invasiveness. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1054-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang L, Jiang T, Yuan F, Li GL, Cui Y, Liu EZ, Wang ZC. Correlation of chromosomes 1p and 19q status and expressions of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 and Ki-67 in diffuse gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades II and III: a clinicopathological study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2008; 35:367-379. [PMID: 19019173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.01002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the present study was to verify the correlation of chromosomes 1p and 19q status and expressions of O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p53 and Ki-67 in diffuse gliomas of World Health Organization grades II and III. METHODS A series of 146 diffuse gliomas, including 45 oligodendrogliomas, 42 oligoastrocytomas and 59 astrocytomas, were analysed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography for 1p and 19q status and by immunohistochemistry for MGMT, p53 and Ki-67 expression patterns. The molecular alterations were then correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and with each other. RESULTS Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p, combined LOH on 1p and 19q, low MGMT expression and high Ki-67 expression were associated with oligodendroglial tumours, whereas high p53 expression was associated with astrocytic and mixed tumours. LOH on 1p and low MGMT expression were associated with grade II oligodendroglial tumours, whereas high expressions of p53 and Ki-67 were associated with grade III oligodendroglial tumours. In addition, high Ki-67 expression was associated with grade III astrocytomas. LOH on 1p and LOH on 19q were associated with nontemporal oligodendroglial tumours. Nonrandom associations were found between LOH on 1p and LOH on 19q, MGMT expression and p53 expression, and MGMT expression and Ki-67 expression, whereas mutual exclusions were found between LOH on 1p and 19q and p53 expression, and LOH on 1p and Ki-67 expression. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed significant interrelationships of the investigated molecular alterations and clinicopathological characteristics in diffuse gliomas of World Health Organization grades II and III, which support a promising role of molecular markers in the diagnostic assessment of these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, and
| | - T Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - F Yuan
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - G-L Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cui
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - E-Z Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, and
| | - Z-C Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
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Tena-Suck ML, Moreno-Jiménez S, Alonso M, Aguirre-Crux L, Sánchez A. Oligodendrogliomas in relation to astrocytes differentiation. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Ann Diagn Pathol 2008; 12:313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Monleón D, Morales JM, Gonzalez-Darder J, Talamantes F, Cortés O, Gil-Benso R, López-Ginés C, Cerdá-Nicolás M, Celda B. Benign and atypical meningioma metabolic signatures by high-resolution magic-angle spinning molecular profiling. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:2882-8. [PMID: 18507434 DOI: 10.1021/pr800110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meningiomas are neoplasms that arise from the leptomeningeal covering of the brain and spinal cord, accounting for 15%-20% of CNS tumors. The WHO classifies meningiomas into three histological grades: benign, atypical, and anaplasic in accordance with the clinical prognosis. Atypical and anaplasic meningiomas tend to recur. Sometimes, meningiomas with histological diagnosis of benign meningioma show clinical characteristics of atypical meningioma. In this context, high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HR-MAS) spectroscopy of intact tissue from brain tumor biopsies has shown great potential as a support diagnostic tool. In this work, we show differences between benign and atypical meningiomas in HR-MAS molecular profiles of meningioma biopsies. Metabolic differences between meningioma grades include changes in the levels of glutathione. Glutathione role in cancer is still unclear, as it may act both as protective and pathogenic factor. Glutamine and glutamate, which are related to glutathione metabolism and have been associated with tumor recurrence, are also increased in atypical meningiomas. Other metabolites associated with tumor malignancy that show statistically significant differences between benign and atypical meningiomas include phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine. Overall, this work suggests that the additional information obtained by NMR metabolomics applied to biopsies of human meningiomas may be useful for assessing tumor grade and determining optimum treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Monleón
- Fundacion de Investigacion del Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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