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Park SY, Baek YB, Lee CH, Kim HJ, Kim HP, Jeon YJ, Song JE, Jung SB, Kim HJ, Moon KS, Park SI, Lee CM, Kim SH. Establishment of canine mammary gland tumor cell lines harboring PI3K/Akt activation as a therapeutic target. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:233. [PMID: 38807154 PMCID: PMC11134682 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04085-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumors (MGT) have a poor prognosis in intact female canines, posing a clinical challenge. This study aimed to establish novel canine mammary cancer cell lines from primary tumors and characterize their cellular and molecular features to find potential therapeutic drugs. The MGT cell lines demonstrated rapid cell proliferation and colony formation in an anchorage-independent manner. Vimentin and α-SMA levels were significantly elevated in MGT cell lines compared to normal canine kidney (MDCK) cells, while CDH1 expression was either significantly lower or not detected at all, based on quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes and tumor-associated pathways, particularly the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, were upregulated in MGT cells. BYL719 (Alpelisib), a PI3K inhibitor, was also examined for cytotoxicity on the MGT cell lines. The results show that BYL719 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of MGT cell lines in vitro. Overall, our findings suggest that the MGT cell lines may be valuable for future studies on the development, progression, metastasis, and management of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Park
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Bin Baek
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National university, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Song
- Gwangju Animal Medical Center, Gwangju, 62273, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National university, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National university, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Seo Moon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National university, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Calaf GM, Crispin LA, Quisbert-Valenzuela EO. Noscapine and Apoptosis in Breast and Other Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3536. [PMID: 38542508 PMCID: PMC10970989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading contributor to the age-standardized mortality rate, for both sexes and all ages worldwide. In Europe and the United States, it is the second leading cause of mortality, with an incidence rate of about 2.6 million cases per year. Noscapine, a well-known alkaloid used as a cough suppressant, demonstrated anti-tumor effects by triggering apoptosis in various cancer cell lines and has the potential to become another ally against breast, ovarian, colon, and gastric cancer, among other types of malignancy. Apoptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of cancer. Noscapine affected BAX, CASP8, CASP9, NFKBIA, and RELA gene and protein expression in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Gene expression was higher in tumor than in normal tissue, including the BAX expression levels in lung, ovary, endometrium, colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; BCL2L1 expression in endometrium, colon, and stomach patients; CASP8 gene expression levels in lung, endometrium, colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; RELA in colon, stomach, and glioblastoma patients; and NFKBIA in glioblastoma patients. It can be concluded that noscapine affected genes and proteins related to apoptosis in cancer cell lines and several types of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.)
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ShokriShokri F, Mozdarani H, Omrani MD. Rel-A/PACER/miR 7 Axis May Play a Role in Radiotherapy Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:173-82. [PMID: 37507347 PMCID: PMC10507291 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy has become the standard form of treatment for breast cancer (BC). Radioresistance is an issue that limits the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed to choose the appropriate RT for the patient. Activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), is a frequently noted pathway in BC. Investigating the relationship between RT and alterations in gene expression involved in the immune pathway can help better control the disease. This research investigated the impact of RT on the expression levels of Rel-A, PACER, and miR-7 within the NF-κB signaling pathway. Methods Blood samples (n = 15) were obtained from BC patients during four different time intervals: 72 hours prior to initiating RT, as well as one, two, and four weeks following RT completion. Samples were also collected from 20 healthy women who had no immune or cancer-related diseases. Blood RNA was extracted, and complementary DNA was synthesized. Gene expression level was determined using R real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results There was a significant difference in the expression level of Rel-A between patients and normal individual blood samples (p < 0.05). After four weeks of RT, qRT-PCR revealed a significant downregulation of miR-7 and upregulation of Rel-A and PACER in BC patients. Also, there was a significant association between Rel-A expression and monocyte numbers during RT (p < 0.001). Conclusion The expression level of PACER, miR-7 and Rel-A, changed after RT; therefore, these genes could be used as diagnostic and therapeutic RT markers in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlollah ShokriShokri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Song Y, Fioramonti M, Bouvencourt G, Dubois C, Blanpain C, Van Keymeulen A. Cell type and stage specific transcriptional, chromatin and cell-cell communication landscapes in the mammary gland. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17842. [PMID: 37456014 PMCID: PMC10339025 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is composed of three main epithelial lineages, the basal cells (BC), the estrogen receptor (ER) positive luminal cells (ER+ LC), and the ER negative LC (ER- LC). Defining the cell identity of each lineage and how it is modulated throughout the different stages of life is important to understand how these cells function and communicate throughout life. Here, we used transgenic mice specifically labelling ER+ LC combined to cell surface markers to isolate with high purity the 3 distinct cell lineages of the mammary gland and defined their expression profiles and chromatin landscapes by performing bulk RNAseq and ATACseq of these isolated populations in puberty, adulthood and mid-pregnancy. Our analysis identified conserved genes, ligands and transcription factor (TF) associated with a specific lineage throughout life as well as genes, ligands and TFs specific for a particular stage of the MG. In summary, our study identified genes and TF network associated with the identity, function and cell-cell communication of the different epithelial lineages of the MG at different stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Bouvencourt
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Pavitra E, Kancharla J, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Sung JY, Kim J, Tej MB, Choi R, Lee JH, Han YK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. The role of NF-κB in breast cancer initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114822. [PMID: 37146418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most fatal disease and is the prime cause of cancer allied female deaths. BC is caused by aberrant tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) like NF-κB. NF-κB is a pro-inflammatory TF that crucially alters the expressions of various genes associated with inflammation, cell progression, metastasis, and apoptosis and modulates a network of genes that underlie tumorigenesis. Herein, we focus on NF-κB signaling pathways, its regulators, and the rationale for targeting NF-κB. This review also includes TFs that maintain NF-κB crosstalk and their roles in promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the importance of combination therapies, resistance to treatment, and potential novel therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine that targets NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluri Pavitra
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jyothsna Kancharla
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ju Yong Sung
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigyeong Kim
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health care informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151Park Avenue, Fair fields, CT06825, USA
| | - Rino Choi
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur- 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Martins TF, Braga Magalhães AF, Verardo LL, Santos GC, Silva Fernandes AA, Gomes Vieira JI, Irano N, dos Santos DB. Functional analysis of litter size and number of teats in pigs: From GWAS to post-GWAS. Theriogenology 2022; 193:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Kusumastuti R, Kumagai Y, Ishihara S, Enomoto A, Murakami T, Yasuda M, Haga H. Mammaglobin 1 mediates progression of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells through regulation of cyclins and NF-κB. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1797-1813. [PMID: 35945910 PMCID: PMC9527592 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in various cancers is correlated with poor patient survival. Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against HER2, has been considered to be a first-line therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer patients, but its usefulness is limited by the development of resistance. In this study, we established resistant cells by long-term treatment with trastuzumab. These cells showed higher proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities than the wild-type cells. Mammaglobin 1 (MGB1), cyclin D1, E1, A2, and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-p65) were upregulated in resistant cells. These proteins regulate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of resistant cells. Depletion of MGB1 decreased cyclin and p-p65 expression. Cyclin D1 and A2, but not E1 expression, were affected by p-p65 downregulation. In summary, our results indicate that MGB1 expression is increased in breast cancer cells that have gained resistance to trastuzumab, and suggest that MGB1 promotes aggressiveness through cyclin and NF-κB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Kusumastuti
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuji Kumagai
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Motoaki Yasuda
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Graduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Carr D, Zein A, Coulombe J, Jiang T, Cabrita MA, Ward G, Daneshmand M, Sau A, Pratt MAC. Multiple roles for Bcl-3 in mammary gland branching, stromal collagen invasion, involution and tumor pathology. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:40. [PMID: 35681213 PMCID: PMC9185916 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bcl-3 protein is an atypical member of the inhibitor of -κB family that has dual roles as a transcriptional repressor and a coactivator for dimers of NF-κB p50 and p52. Bcl-3 is expressed in mammary adenocarcinomas and can promote tumorigenesis and survival signaling and has a key role in tumor metastasis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Bcl-3 in the normal mammary gland and impact on tumor pathology. METHODS We utilized bcl-3-/- mice to study mammary gland structure in virgins and during gestation, lactation and early involution. Expression of involution-associated genes and proteins and putative Bcl-3 target genes was examined by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Cell autonomous branching morphogenesis and collagen I invasion properties of bcl-3-/- organoids were tested in 3D hydrogel cultures. The role of Bcl-3 in tumorigenesis and tumor pathology was also assessed using a stochastic carcinogen-induced mammary tumor model. RESULTS Bcl-3-/- mammary glands demonstrated reduced branching complexity in virgin and pregnant mice. This defect was recapitulated in vitro where significant defects in bud formation were observed in bcl-3-/- mammary organoid cultures. Bcl-3-/- organoids showed a striking defect in protrusive collective fibrillary collagen I invasion associated with reduced expression of Fzd1 and Twist2. Virgin and pregnant bcl-3-/- glands showed increased apoptosis and rapid increases in lysosomal cell death and apoptosis after forced weaning compared to WT mice. Bcl-2 and Id3 are strongly induced in WT but not bcl-3-/- glands in early involution. Tumors in WT mice were predominately adenocarcinomas with NF-κB activation, while bcl-3-/- lesions were largely squamous lacking NF-κB and with low Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that Bcl-3 has a key function in mammary gland branching morphogenesis, in part by regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix invasion. Markedly reduced levels of pro-survival proteins expression in bcl-3 null compared to WT glands 24 h post-weaning indicate that Bcl-3 has a role in moderating the rate of early phase involution. Lastly, a reduced incidence of bcl-3-/- mammary adenocarcinomas versus squamous lesions indicates that Bcl-3 supports the progression of epithelial but not metaplastic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aiman Zein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Josée Coulombe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miguel A Cabrita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gwendoline Ward
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Sau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Study and Experimental Validation of the Functional Components and Mechanisms of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni in the Treatment of Lactation Deficiency. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081863. [PMID: 34441640 PMCID: PMC8391212 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) on promoting lactation is reported in several ancient Chinese medicine books. However, nowadays, there is no conclusive data to support this statement. In this study, we investigated the effect of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni extract (HCE) on lactation insufficiency in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) dams and further explored the mechanism and functional components through network pharmacology. The results showed that HCE could increase the offspring’s weight, serum prolactin (PRL), and oxytocin (OT) level of CUMS dams. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the facilitation of HCE on lactation is the result of the comprehensive action of 62 components on 209 targets and 260 pathways, among this network, quercetin, kaempferol, thymidine, etc., were the vital material basis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), mitogen activity protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), tumor protein P53 (TP53), etc., were the core targets, and the prolactin signaling pathway was the core pathway. In addition, verification test results showed that HCE regulated the abnormal expression of the prolactin signaling pathway, including STAT3, cyclin D1 (CCND1), MAPK1, MAPK8, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1), and tyrosine-protein kinase (JAK2). In conclusion, HCE exhibited a facilitation of lactation insufficiency, in which quercetin, kaempferol, thymidine, etc., were the most important material basis. The mechanism of this promotional effect is mediated by the prolactin signaling pathway in mammary gland.
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Kanzaki H, Chatterjee A, Hossein Nejad Ariani H, Zhang X, Chung S, Deng N, Ramanujan VK, Cui X, Greene MI, Murali R. Disabling the Nuclear Translocalization of RelA/NF-κB by a Small Molecule Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2021; 13:419-430. [PMID: 34262338 PMCID: PMC8275049 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s310231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Constitutive activation of NF-κB has been implicated as being contributive to cancer cell growth, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence in many cancers including breast cancer. Activation of NF-κB leads to nuclear translocation of RelA, a critical component of the NF-κB transcription factor complex, which subsequently binds to specific DNA sites and activates a multitude of genes involved in diverse cell functions. Studies show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells possess constitutively active NF-κB and concomitantly have higher levels of nuclear localization of RelA than cytoplasmic RelA. This feature is considered to be associated with the response to chemotherapy. However, currently, there is no specific inhibitor to block nuclear translocation of RelA. METHODS A structure-based approach was used to develop a small-molecule inhibitor of RelA nuclear translocation. The interaction between this molecule and RelA was verified biophysically through isothermal titration calorimetry and microscale thermophoresis. TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 and a human TNBC xenograft model were used to verify in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the small molecule, respectively. RESULTS We found that the small molecule, CRL1101, bound specifically to RelA as indicated by the biophysical assays. Further, CRL1101 blocked RelA nuclear translocation in breast cancer cells in vitro, and markedly reduced breast tumor growth in a triple-negative breast cancer xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that CRL1101 may lead to new NF-κB-targeted therapeutics for TNBC. Further, blocking of nuclear translocation of shuttling transcription factors may be a useful general strategy in cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kanzaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology
| | | | | | | | | | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - V Krishnan Ramanujan
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology
- Department of Surgery
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Mark I Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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The curcumin analog (PAC) suppressed cell survival and induced apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11701. [PMID: 34083581 PMCID: PMC8175612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PAC (3,5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidone), a novel bioactive curcumin analog, has been reported to have anticancer properties against various tumors. However, the anti-cancer effects of PAC on oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were not studied yet. Our aim is to investigate the anti-oral cancer properties of PAC in vitro, and determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Viability assays including MTT and LDH were conducted to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry-based cytotoxicity assay was performed to detect autophagic cell death and oxidative stress markers. Western blotting was used for measuring protein expression/activation in apoptotic, autophagic and pro-carcinogenic cellular signaling pathways. We demonstrated that PAC preferentially and, in a dose, -dependent way kills oral cancer cells, but was not toxic to normal human gingival cells. PAC destabilizes cell-cycle distributions, inhibits the expression of oncogenes (cyclin D1) and that of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21WAF1) is upregulated, increases the expression of p53 gene, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral cancer cells. The PAC effect involve various signaling pathways including NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt, caspase-3/9 and PARP1. Finally, PAC demonstrated ability to induce autophagy, decrease production of reactive oxygen species, increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) activity, and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential in oral cancer cells. In conclusion, PAC inhibits the proliferation and increases the apoptosis and autophagy and oxidative stress of oral cancer cells. These effects involve ERK1/2, p38/JNK, NF-κB and Wnt cellular signaling pathways. Overall, our study suggests the potential use of PAC to treat oral cancer.
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13
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Ylioja C, Swartz T, Mamedova L, Bradford B. Sodium salicylate reduced mRNA abundance of hypoxia-associated genes in MAC-T cells. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:159-164. [PMID: 36339495 PMCID: PMC9623739 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sodium salicylate decreased abundance of transcripts involved in mammary development. Knockdown of HIF-1α did not prevent hypoxia-induced glucose transporter 1 expression. Few interactions between hypoxia and sodium salicylate were observed.
Hypoxia is an oxygen deficiency commonly found in growing tissues and is speculated to occur in the rapidly developing mammary gland in peripartum dairy cattle. Low oxygen concentrations can activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which increases transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis (VEGFA) and glucose transport (GLUT1), among other processes. The mRNA stability of these genes is positively regulated by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD; also known as AUF1). In our previous research, postpartum administration of sodium salicylate (SS) increased whole-lactation milk yield in multiparous cows but tended to reduce milk yield in primiparous cows. Because rapid mammary tissue development likely occurs in cows approaching first lactation, we hypothesized that SS inhibited the activation of HIF-1α and decreased transcription of downstream targets. MAC-T cells were treated with SS (100 μM) or control medium before incubation under either hypoxic (1% O2) or normoxic conditions for 12 h. Additionally, cells were transfected with either HIF1A small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a scrambled siRNA negative control 48 h before hypoxia treatments. HIF1A, GLUT1, VEGFA, and HNRNPD were quantified relative to the internal control gene NENF. Transcript abundance was assessed using a linear mixed model with the fixed effects of SS, hypoxia, siRNA, and all 2- and 3-way interaction terms and the random effect of plate nested within hypoxia. Treatment with SS interacted with hypoxia for GLUT1, as SS reduced GLUT1 when MAC-T cells were cultured in normoxic conditions; however, no effect of SS was found in hypoxia-treated cells. Regardless of oxygen status, SS reduced HNRNPD and tended to decrease VEGFA mRNA relative to untreated cells. Hypoxia increased GLUT1, yet no effect was observed on VEGFA or HNRNPD. Small interfering RNA knocked down HIF1A, but no effect was found on GLUT1, VEGFA, or HNRNPD. In conclusion, SS reduced transcript abundance of genes involved with mammary gland development but generally did not interact with oxygen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.M. Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - T.H. Swartz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - L.K. Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - B.J. Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
- Corresponding author
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14
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Wu N, Xu XF, Xin JQ, Fan JW, Wei YY, Peng QX, Duan LF, Wang W, Zhang H. The effects of nuclear factor-kappa B in pancreatic stellate cells on inflammation and fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:2213-2227. [PMID: 33377616 PMCID: PMC7882951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a critical role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) is associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Previous evidence indicated that NF‐κB in acinar cells played a double‐edged role upon pancreatic injury, whereas NF‐κB in inflammatory cells promoted the progression of CP. However, the effects of NF‐κB in PSCs have not been studied. In the present study, using two CP models and RNAi strategy of p65 in cultured PSCs, we found that the macrophage infiltration and MCP‐1 expression were increased, and the NF‐κBp65 protein level was elevated. NF‐κBp65 was co‐expressed with PSCs. In vitro, TGF‐β1 induced overexpression of the TGF‐β receptor 1, phosphorylated TGF‐β1–activated kinase 1 (p‐TAK1) and NF‐κB in the PSCs. Moreover, the concentration of MCP‐1 in the supernatant of activated PSCs was elevated. The migration of BMDMs was promoted by the supernatant of activated PSCs. Further knockdown of NF‐κBp65 in PSCs resulted in a decline of BMDM migration, accompanied by a lower production of MCP‐1. These findings indicate that TGF‐β1 can induce the activation of NF‐κB pathway in PSCs by regulating p‐TAK1, and the NF‐κB pathway in PSCs may be a target of chronic inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia-Qi Xin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Wei Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing-Xia Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Fang Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery & Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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15
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Hasan M, Browne E, Guarinoni L, Darveau T, Hilton K, Witt-Enderby PA. Novel Melatonin, Estrogen, and Progesterone Hormone Therapy Demonstrates Anti-Cancer Actions in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 14:1178223420924634. [PMID: 32636633 PMCID: PMC7318814 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420924634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone hormone therapy was developed as a safe bio-identical alternative hormone therapy for menopausal women based on the Women’s Health Initiative findings that PremPro™ increased breast cancer risk and mortality of all types of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. For HER2 breast cancer, melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone delayed tumor onset and reduced tumor incidence in neu female mice. For other breast cancers, its actions are unknown. In this study, melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone hormone therapy were assessed in human ER+ (MCF-7) and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells, and found to decrease proliferation and migration of both breast cancer lines. Inhibition of MEK1/2 and 5 using PD98059 and BIX02189, respectively, inhibited proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231 cells and proliferation in MCF-7 cells; however, when combined with melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone, BIX02189 blocked melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone–mediated inhibition of migration in MCF-7 cells and induced Elf-5. For MDA-MB-231 cells, BIX02189 combined with melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone inhibited proliferation and increased pERK1/2 and β1-INTEGRIN; levels of pERK5 remained low/nearly absent in both breast cancer lines. These findings demonstrate novel anti-cancer actions of melatonin, estrogen, and progesterone in ER+ and triple negative breast cancer cells through intricate MEK1/2- and MEK5-associated signaling cascades that favor anti-proliferation and anti-migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Hasan
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin Browne
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura Guarinoni
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Travis Darveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine Hilton
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Combined administration of a small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6 and Docetaxel reduces breast cancer skeletal metastasis and osteolysis. Cancer Lett 2020; 488:27-39. [PMID: 32474152 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been implicated in breast cancer and osteoclastic bone destruction. Here, we report that 6877002, a verified small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6, reduced metastasis, osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis in models of osteotropic human and mouse breast cancer. First, we observed that TRAF6 is highly expressed in osteotropic breast cancer cells and its level of expression was higher in patients with bone metastasis. Pre-exposure of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to non-cytotoxic concentrations of 6877002 inhibited cytokine-induced NFκB activation and osteoclastogenesis, and reduced the ability of osteotropic human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells to support bone cell activity. 6877002 inhibited human MDA-MB-231-induced osteolysis in the mouse calvaria organ system, and reduced soft tissue and bone metastases in immuno-competent mice following intra-cardiac injection of mouse 4T1-Luc2 cells. Of clinical relevance, combined administration of 6877002 with Docetaxel reduced metastasis and inhibited osteolytic bone damage in mice bearing 4T1-Luc2 cells. Thus, TRAF6 inhibitors such as 6877002 - alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy - show promise for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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17
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Cai J, Wang D, Liang S, Peng J, Zhao F, Liu J. Excessive supply of glucose elicits an NF-κB2-dependent glycolysis in lactating goat mammary glands. FASEB J 2020; 34:8671-8685. [PMID: 32359096 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903088r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During lactation, an improper glucose supply often threatens mammary gland (MG) health. However, information is limited on the metabolic trajectories and molecules that regulate lactating MGs with an excessive glucose supply. Based on the network analysis of transcriptome and microRNAs, we found that the oversupply of glucose-induced severe glucose metabolic disorders in MGs of lactating goats, shifting lactose synthesis to acute fermentative glycolysis which caused increased flux of glucose metabolism into lactate. Moreover, NF-κB2 played a key role in regulating glycolysis, exhibiting a metabolic shift when MGs had an excessive supply of glucose. In primary mammary epithelial cells, fermentative glycolysis, and intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reduced by ganoderic acid A through blocking NF-κB2, while activation of NF-κB2 with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) upregulated fermentative glycolysis and increased cellular ROS accumulation under excessive glucose. Thus, we established an NF-κB2-targeting method to reform the metabolic shift toward glycolysis caused by glucose oversupply by integrating NF-κB2 blockade and intracellular ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diming Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulin Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Zhou W, Guo S, Liu M, Burow ME, Wang G. Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3026-3041. [PMID: 28875842 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170830111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, are comprised of a family of small cytokines with 8-10 kilodaltons. Chemokines work in immune cells by trafficking and regulating cell proliferation, migration, activation, differentiation, and homing. CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12), which has been found to be expressed in more than 23 different types of cancers. Recently, the SDF-1/CXCR-4 signaling pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for human tumor because of its critical role in tumor initiation and progression by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2, ras, p38 MAPK, PLC/ MAPK, and SAPK/ JNK, as well as regulating cancer stem cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists have been produced, which have shown encouraging results in anti-cancer activity. Here, we provide a brief overview of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a molecular target for cancer treatment. We also review the potential utility of targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in combination of immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy based on up-to-date literature and ongoing research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, China
| | - Shanchun Guo
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States
| | - Mingli Liu
- Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, United States
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19
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Jeong YJ, Oh HK, Choi HR. Methylation of the RELA Gene is Associated with Expression of NF-κB1 in Response to TNF-α in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152834. [PMID: 31382678 PMCID: PMC6696039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-κB family of transcriptional factors plays a critical role in inflammation, immunoregulation, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. This study aims to investigate the role of methylation of genes encoding for the NF-κB family in breast cancer. We analyze the DNA methylation status of the NFKB1 gene and the RELA gene in breast cancer using pyrosequencing. The expression of NF-κB1 and RELA proteins is assessed and the level of RNA transcripts in frozen tissue is determined using RT-PCR. There is no statistically significant difference in the methylation status of the NFKB1 and the RELA genes between tumors and normal tissues. The methylation status of the NFKB1 gene and the RELA gene is not significantly associated with the levels of NF-κB1 transcripts in tumor tissues. However, the methylation level of the RELA gene is significantly associated with the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, the level of NF-κB1 transcripts was associated with the levels of TNF-α and IL-4. In tumors with positive TNF-α, the increased methylation level of the RELA gene is significantly associated with the positive expression of NF-κB1 transcripts. These results demonstrate that the level of the RELA gene methylation is related to the levels of NF-κB1 transcripts under the influence of TNF-α. Further study is needed to determine how TNF-α is involved in the methylation of the RELA gene and the subsequent expression of NF-κB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea.
| | - Hoon Kyu Oh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeon Choi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea
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20
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Fouladseresht H, Ziaee SM, Erfani N, Doroudchi M. Serum Levels of APRIL Increase in Patients with Glioma, Meningioma and Schwannoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:751-756. [PMID: 30909681 PMCID: PMC6825795 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Brain tumors are of high mortality and morbidity for which there is still no cure. The TNF family cytokine, A Proliferation Inducing Ligand (APRIL), is shown to help proliferation and development of tumor cells. We assessed serum levels of APRIL in patients with glioma, meningioma and schwannoma in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods: Peripheral blood samples of 68 patients with brain tumors, divided into three groups of gliomas (n=25), meningiomas (n=30) and schwannomas (n=13), as well as 45 healthy individuals were obtained. Serum samples were prepared and stored in -40°C until usage. Using a commercial ELISA method, APRIL concentration was measured in each serum sample. The obtained data were then analyzed using SPSS software. Results: APRIL serum levels were higher in all patients compared to the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, APRIL serum levels were higher in each of the tumor bearing groups (gliomas, meningiomas and schwannomas) in comparison to the controls (P<0.001, <0.001 and =0.001, respectively). Comparing APRIL between the patients groups showed no significant difference. Age and gender showed no significant correlation with serum APRIL levels, although the age of patients in glioma group was significantly lower than controls (P=0.017). The serum APRIL levels in gliomas with histological grade showed no difference, but in meningiomas, it was lower in tumors with higher grades (P= 0.011). Conclusion: Increased serum levels of APRIL in patients with meningioma and schwannoma as well as glioma may indicate a common role of this cytokine in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mohyeddin Ziaee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Wang Z, Katsaros D, Biglia N, Shen Y, Loo L, Yu X, Lin H, Fu Y, Chu WM, Fei P, Ni Y, Jia W, Deng X, Qian B, Yu H. ERα upregulates the expression of long non-coding RNA LINC00472 which suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κB in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:353-368. [PMID: 30830488 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-05108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low expression of long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC00472 in breast cancer is associated with aggressive tumors and unfavorable disease outcomes in multiple clinical datasets, but the reasons for these associations were unknown. METHODS To study the mechanisms underlying the lncRNA's connection to breast cancer, we investigated the molecular targets and regulation of LINC00472 in breast cancer cells, and analyzed relevant molecular features in relation to patient survival. Gene expression profiles of breast cancer cells overexpressing LINC00472 were analyzed for its regulatory pathways and downstream targets. Effects of LINC00472 overexpression on cell behaviors were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Meta-analysis was performed using online datasets and our own study. RESULTS Analysis of LINC00472 transcriptome revealed ERα upregulation of LINC00472 expression, and an ERα-binding site in the LINC00472 promoter was identified. Evaluation of LINC00472 overexpression also indicated a possible link between LINC00472 and NF-κB. Cell experiments confirmed that LINC00472 suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα through binding to IKKβ, inhibiting its phosphorylation. High LINC00472 expression inhibited tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and suppressed aggressive tumor cell behaviors in vitro. Suppressing LINC00472 expression in ER-positive tumor cells increased cell aggressive behaviors. Tamoxifen treatment of ER-positive cells inhibited ERα and LINC00472 expression and increased p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. Meta-analysis showed that LINC00472 expression were higher in ER-positive than ER-negative tumors and that high expression was associated with better disease outcomes in ER-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that ERα upregulates LINC00472 which suppresses the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and suggests that endocrine treatment may lower LINC00472 and increase NF-κB activities, leading to tumor progression and disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology, AOU Città della Salute, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Biglia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino School of Medicine, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Yi Shen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Lenora Loo
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Chu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Yan Ni
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Herbert Yu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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22
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Pseudopterosin Inhibits Proliferation and 3D Invasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Agonizing Glucocorticoid Receptor Alpha. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081992. [PMID: 30103404 PMCID: PMC6222322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudopterosin, produced by the sea whip of the genus Antillogorgia, possesses a variety of promising biological activities, including potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, few studies examined pseudopterosin in the treatment of cancer cells and, to our knowledge, the ability to inhibit triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) proliferation or invasion has not been explored. Thus, we evaluated the as-yet unknown mechanism of action of pseudopterosin: Pseudopterosin was able to inhibit proliferation of TNBC. Interestingly, analyzing breast cancer cell proliferation after knocking down glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) revealed that the antiproliferative effects of pseudopterosin were significantly inhibited when GRα expression was reduced. Furthermore, pseudopterosin inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 3D tumor spheroids embedded in an extracellular-like matrix. Remarkably, the knockdown of GRα in 3D tumor spheroids revealed increased ability of cells to invade the surrounding matrix. In a coculture, encompassing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and MDA-MB-231 cells, and the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) significantly increased compared to a monoculture. Notably, pseudopterosin indicated to block cytokine elevation, representing key players in tumor progression in the coculture. Thus, our results reveal pseudopterosin treatment as a potential novel approach in TNBC therapy.
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23
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Regulation of breast cancer induced bone disease by cancer-specific IKKβ. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16134-16148. [PMID: 29662632 PMCID: PMC5882323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NFκB is implicated in breast cancer bone metastasis and skeletal remodelling. However, the role of IKKβ, a key component of the canonical NFκB pathway, in the regulation of breast cancer osteolytic metastasis has not been investigated. Here, we describe the cancer-specific contribution of IKKβ to bone metastasis, skeletal tumour growth and osteolysis associated with breast cancer. IKKβ is highly expressed in invasive breast tumours and its level of expression was higher in patients with bone metastasis. IKKβ overexpression in parental MDA-MD-231 breast cancer cells, promoted mammary tumour growth but failed to convey osteolytic potential to these cells in mice. In contrast, IKKβ overexpression in osteotropic sub-clones of MDA-MB-231 cells with differing osteolytic phenotypes increased incidence of bone metastasis, exacerbated osteolysis and enhanced skeletal tumour growth, whereas its knockdown was inhibitory. Functional and mechanistic studies revealed that IKKβ enhanced the ability of osteotropic MDA-MB-231 cells to migrate, increase osteoclastogenesis, and to inhibit osteoblast differentiation via a mechanism mediated, at least in part, by cytoplasmic sequestering of FoxO3a and VEGFA production. Thus, tumour-selective manipulation of IKKβ and its interaction with FoxO3a may represent a novel strategy to reduce the development of secondary breast cancer in the skeleton.
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Tang X, Jin L, Cao P, Cao K, Huang C, Luo Y, Ma J, Shen S, Tan M, Li X, Zhou M. MicroRNA-16 sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel through suppression of IKBKB expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23668-83. [PMID: 26993770 PMCID: PMC5029655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating breast cancer patients. However, chemoresistance is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. Here, we showed that overexpression of miR-16 promoted Taxol-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, IκB kinase β (IKBKB) was identified as a direct target of miR-16. Up-regulation of IKBKB suppressed Taxol-induced apoptosis and led to an increased resistance to Taxol, and restoring IKBKB expression in miR-16-overexpressing breast cancer cells recovered Taxol resistance. Moreover, miR-16 was highly expressed in Taxol-sensitive breast cancer tissues compared with Taxol-resistant tissues, and there was an inverse correlation between miR-16 expression and IKBKB expression in breast cancer tissues. The expression levels of miR-16 were negatively associated with T stages, whereas the expression of IKBKB was positively correlated with T stages, lymph node metastasis and clinical stages. Taken together, our data demonstrates that miR-16 sensitizes breast cancer cells to Taxol through the suppression of IKBKB expression, and targeting miR-16/IKBKB axis will be a promising strategy for overcoming Taxol resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peiguo Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenghui Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Agrawal AK, Pielka E, Lipinski A, Jelen M, Kielan W, Agrawal S. Clinical validation of nuclear factor kappa B expression in invasive breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428317750929. [PMID: 29345201 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317750929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Polish women. The expression of transcription nuclear factor kappa B, a key inducer of inflammatory response promoting carcinogenesis and cancer progression in breast cancer, is not well-established. We assessed the nuclear factor kappa B expression in a total of 119 invasive breast carcinomas and 25 healthy control samples and correlated this expression pattern with several clinical and pathologic parameters including histologic type and grade, tumor size, lymph node status, estrogen receptor status, and progesterone receptor status. The data used for the analysis were derived from medical records. An immunohistochemical analysis of nuclear factor kappa B, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor was carried out and evaluation of stainings was performed. The expression of nuclear factor kappa B was significantly higher than that in the corresponding healthy control samples. No statistical difference was demonstrated in nuclear factor kappa B expression in relation to age, menopausal status, lymph node status, tumor size and location, grade and histologic type of tumor, and hormonal status (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor). Nuclear factor kappa B is significantly overexpressed in invasive breast cancer tissues. Although nuclear factor kappa B status does not correlate with clinicopathological findings, it might provide important additional information on prognosis and become a promising object for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Agrawal
- 1 2nd Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Pielka
- 2 Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Lipinski
- 3 Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michal Jelen
- 3 Department of Pathomorphology and Oncological Cytology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kielan
- 1 2nd Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siddarth Agrawal
- 2 Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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NF-kappaB: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010024. [PMID: 29315242 PMCID: PMC5793177 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor family that regulates a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological processes, including survival, inflammation, and immune responses. More recently, constitutive expression of NF-κB has been associated with several types of cancer. In addition, microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, cooperate in the activation of NF-κB in tumors, confirming the multifactorial role of this transcription factor as a cancer driver. Recent reports have shown that the NF-κB signaling pathway should receive attention for the development of therapies. In addition to the direct effects of NF-κB in cancer cells, it might also impact immune cells that can both promote or prevent tumor development. Currently, with the rise of cancer immunotherapy, the link among immune cells, inflammation, and cancer is a major focus, and NF-κB could be an important regulator for the success of these therapies. This review discusses the contrasting roles of NF-κB as a regulator of pro- and antitumor processes and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Huang X, Zang Y, Zhang M, Yuan X, Li M, Gao X. Nuclear Factor of κB1 Is a Key Regulator for the Transcriptional Activation of Milk Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:295-302. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Zang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lee S, Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E405-22. [PMID: 27354238 PMCID: PMC5005964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed that once lactation is successfully initiated, the primary factor regulating milk production is infant demand. Thus, most interventions have focused on improving breastfeeding education and early lactation support. However, in addition to infant demand, increasing evidence from studies conducted in experimental animal models, production animals, and breastfeeding women suggests that a diverse array of maternal factors may also affect milk production and composition. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of maternal genetics and modifiable factors, such as diet and environmental exposures, on reproductive endocrinology, lactation physiology, and the ability to successfully produce milk. To identify factors that may affect lactation in women, we highlight some information gleaned from studies in experimental animal models and production animals. Finally, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and provide commentary on future research opportunities aimed at improving lactation outcomes in breastfeeding women to improve the health of mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Pennsylvania State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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29
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Manral C, Roy S, Singh M, Gautam S, Yadav RK, Rawat JK, Devi U, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G. Effect of β-sitosterol against methyl nitrosourea-induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:260. [PMID: 27473871 PMCID: PMC4966711 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was in quested to study the effects of β-sitosterol on methyl nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino wistar rats. METHODS Animals were randomized and divided into four groups of eight animals each. Group I (sham control 1 % CMC in normal saline p.o.); Group II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v); Group III (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg, p.o); Group IV (MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v + β-sitosterol, 20 mg/kg, p.o). Toxicity was induced by single i.v. injection of MNU followed by β-sitosterol supplementation therapy for 115 days at the dose mentioned above. RESULTS Treatment with β-sitosterol evidenced decrease in the alveolar bud and lobule score in the whole mount of the mammary gland. β-sitosterol exhibited diminishing effect on oxidative stress through synchronizing lipid and enzymatic antioxidant defense. A significant decrease in the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid was evident with the MNU treatment and β-sitosterol demonstrated a marked effect on it. Pgp 9.5 expression was dose dependently upregulated by β-sitosterol treatment in comparison to MNU treatment. On the contrary, downregulated NF-kB expression was perceived, when β-sitosterol was concomitantly administered with MNU. CONCLUSION β-sitosterol afforded significant protection against the deleterious effects of MNU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Manral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Swetlana Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Rajnish K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Jitendra K Rawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India
| | - Uma Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FHMSIASM SHIATS-Deemed University (Formerly Allahabad Agriculture Institute), Naini, Allahabad, 211007, (U.P.), India
| | - Md Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya vihar, Raibareli road, Lucknow, 226025, (U.P.), India.
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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31
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Quisbert-Valenzuela EO, Calaf GM. Apoptotic effect of noscapine in breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2666-74. [PMID: 27081867 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem in the world and breast cancer is the most frequently cancer in women. Approximately 15% of the breast cancers are triple-negative. Apoptosis regulates normal growth, homeostasis, development, embryogenesis and appropriate strategy to treat cancer. Bax is a protein pro-apoptotic enhancer of apoptosis in contrast to Bcl-2 with antiapoptotic properties. Initiator caspase-9 and caspase-8 are features of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway, respectively. NF-κB is a transcription factor known to be involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Noscapine, an alkaloid derived from opium is used as antitussive and showed antitumor properties that induced apoptosis in cancer cell lines. The aim of the present study was to determine the apoptotic effect of noscapine in breast cancer cell lines compared to breast normal cell line. Three cell lines were used: i) a control breast cell line MCF-10F; ii) a luminal-like adenocarcinoma triple-positive breast cell line MCF-7; iii) breast cancer triple-negative cell line MDA-MB-231. Our results showed that noscapine had lower toxicity in normal cells and was an effective anticancer agent that induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells because it increases Bax gene and protein expression in three cell lines, while decreases Bcl-xL gene expression, and Bcl-2 protein expression decreased in breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in the three cell lines. This drug increased caspase-9 gene expression in breast cancer cell lines and caspase-8 gene expression increased in MCF-10F and MDA-MB-231. Furthermore, it increased cleavage of caspase-8, suggesting that noscapine-induced apoptosis is probably due to the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Antiapoptotic gene and protein expression diminished and proapoptotic gene and protein expression increased noscapine-induced expression, probably due to decrease in NF-κB gene and protein expression and also by increase of IκBα gene expression induced by this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Institute for Advanced Research, University of Tarapacá, Arica 8097877, Chile
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32
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang H, Yang W, Li F, Yang F, Yu D, Ramsey FV, Tuszyski GP, Hu W. Elevated NIBP/TRAPPC9 mediates tumorigenesis of cancer cells through NFκB signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6160-78. [PMID: 25704885 PMCID: PMC4467429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms underlying constitutive and inducible NFκB activation in cancer remain largely unknown. Here we investigated whether a novel NIK- and IKK2-binding protein (NIBP) is required for maintaining malignancy of cancer cells in an NFκB-dependent manner. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of a human cancer survey tissue-scan cDNA array, immunostaining of a human frozen tumor tissue array and immunoblotting of a high-density reverse-phase cancer protein lysate array showed that NIBP is extensively expressed in most tumor tissues, particularly in breast and colon cancer. Lentivirus-mediated NIBP shRNA knockdown significantly inhibited the growth/proliferation, invasion/migration, colony formation and xenograft tumorigenesis of breast (MDA-MB-231) or colon (HCT116) cancer cells. NIBP overexpression in HCT116 cells promoted cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. Mechanistically, NIBP knockdown in cancer cells inhibited cytokine-induced activation of NFκB luciferase reporter, thus sensitizing the cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis. Endogenous NIBP bound specifically to the phosphorylated IKK2 in a TNFα-dependent manner. NIBP knockdown transiently attenuated TNFα-stimulated phosphorylation of IKK2/p65 and degradation of IκBα. In contrast, NIBP overexpression enhanced TNFα-induced NFκB activation, thus inhibiting constitutive and TNFα-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our data identified important roles of NIBP in promoting tumorigenesis via NFκΒ signaling, spotlighting NIBP as a promising target in cancer therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick V Ramsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George P Tuszyski
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kochupurakkal BS, Wang ZC, Hua T, Culhane AC, Rodig SJ, Rajkovic-Molek K, Lazaro JB, Richardson AL, Biswas DK, Iglehart JD. RelA-Induced Interferon Response Negatively Regulates Proliferation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140243. [PMID: 26460486 PMCID: PMC4604146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both oncogenic and tumor-suppressor activities are attributed to the Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. Moreover, NF-kB may positively or negatively regulate proliferation. The molecular determinants of these opposing roles of NF-kB are unclear. Using primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) as a model, we show that increased RelA levels and consequent increase in basal transcriptional activity of RelA induces IRF1, a target gene. Induced IRF1 upregulates STAT1 and IRF7, and in consort, these factors induce the expression of interferon response genes. Activation of the interferon pathway down-regulates CDK4 and up-regulates p27 resulting in Rb hypo-phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest. Stimulation of HMEC with IFN-γ elicits similar phenotypic and molecular changes suggesting that basal activity of RelA and IFN-γ converge on IRF1 to regulate proliferation. The anti-proliferative RelA-IRF1-CDK4 signaling axis is retained in ER+/HER2- breast tumors analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using immuno-histochemical analysis of breast tumors, we confirm the negative correlation between RelA levels and proliferation rate in ER+/HER2- breast tumors. These findings attribute an anti-proliferative tumor-suppressor role to basal RelA activity. Inactivation of Rb, down-regulation of RelA or IRF1, or upregulation of CDK4 or IRF2 rescues the RelA-IRF1-CDK4 induced proliferation arrest in HMEC and are points of disruption in aggressive tumors. Activity of the RelA-IRF1-CDK4 axis may explain favorable response to CDK4/6 inhibition observed in patients with ER+ Rb competent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bose S. Kochupurakkal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JDI); (BSK)
| | - Zhigang C. Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tony Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aedin C. Culhane
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jean-Bernard Lazaro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Richardson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Debajit K. Biswas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Dirk Iglehart
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JDI); (BSK)
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Li PH, Wu JX, Zheng JN, Pei DS. A sphingosine kinase-1 inhibitor, SKI-II, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10381-5. [PMID: 25556479 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SKI-II has been reported as an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase 1 and has been extensively used to prove the involvement of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sphk1) in cellular processes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of SKI-II and its potential mechanisms in human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. After treatment with SKI-II, cell growth, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, expression of Sphk1, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bax and p27 were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and Western-blot assay, respectively. Our results showed that SKI-II markedly inhibited SGC7901 cell survival in a dose-dependent manner, reduced cell proliferation with accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis in the tumor cells. Furthermore, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry showed that the expression of p27 and Bax was increased significantly, but the expression of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Sphk1 decreased by different degrees. These results indicate that SKI-II induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. The increased apoptotic sensitivity of SGC7901 was correlated with NF-κB or Bcl-2/Bax activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China E-mail : ;
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Xu C, Zhao H, Chen H, Yao Q. CXCR4 in breast cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4953-64. [PMID: 26356032 PMCID: PMC4560524 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are 8–12 kDa peptides that function as chemoattractant cytokines and are involved in cell activation, differentiation, and trafficking. Chemokines bind to specific G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptors. Chemokines play a fundamental role in the regulation of a variety of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes. Their aberrant expression can lead to a variety of human diseases including cancer. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or CD184, is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12). CXCR4 belongs to the superfamily of the seven transmembrane domain heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally expressed on the cell surface of various types of cancer cells. CXCR4 also plays a role in the cell proliferation and migration of these cells. Recently, CXCR4 has been reported to play an important role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, as well as metastasis of several cancers including breast cancer. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role and potential drugs that target CXCR4 in breast cancer. Additionally, CXCR4 proangiogenic molecular mechanisms will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding affinity and activation of CXCR4/CXCL12 complex make CXCR4 a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Chen
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Oxidative stress shapes breast cancer phenotype through chronic activation of ATM-dependent signaling. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:75-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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García-Castro A, Zonca M, Florindo-Pinheiro D, Carvalho-Pinto CE, Cordero A, Gutiérrez del Burgo B, García-Grande A, Mañes S, Hahne M, González-Suárez E, Planelles L. APRIL promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis and is associated with aggressive basal breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:574-84. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Yang N, Wang P, Wang WJ, Song YZ, Liang ZQ. Inhibition of cathepsin L sensitizes human glioma cells to ionizing radiation in vitro through NF-κB signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:400-10. [PMID: 25661319 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase, is exclusively elevated in a variety of malignancies, including gliomas. In this study we investigated the relationship between cathepsin L and NF-κB, two radiation-responsive elements, in regulating the sensitivity of human glioma cells ionizing radiation (IR) in vitro. METHODS Human glioma U251 cells were exposed to IR (10 Gy), and the expression of cathepsin L and NF-κB was measured using Western blotting. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and p50 was analyzed with immunofluorescence assays. Cell apoptosis was examined with clonogenic assays. NF-κB transcription and NF-κB-dependent cyclin D1 and ATM transactivation were monitored using luciferase reporter and ChIP assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was investigated using the comet assay. RESULTS IR significantly increased expression of cathepsin L and NF-κB p65 and p50 in the cells. Furthermore, IR significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and NF-κB-dependent cyclin D1 and ATM transactivation in the cells. Knockdown of p65 did not change the expression of cathepsin L in IR-treated cells. Pretreatment with Z-FY-CHO (a selective cathepsin L inhibitor), or knockdown of cathepsin L significantly attenuated IR-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and cyclin D1 and ATM transactivation, and sensitized the cells to IR. Pretreatment with Z-FY-CHO, or knockdown of p65 also decreased IR-induced DNA damage repair and clonogenic cell survival, and sensitized the cells to IR. CONCLUSION Cathepsin L acts as an upstream regulator of NF-κB activation in human glioma cells and contributes to their sensitivity to IR in vitro. Inhibition of cathepsin L can sensitize the cells to IR.
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Shukla K, Sharma AK, Ward A, Will R, Hielscher T, Balwierz A, Breunig C, Münstermann E, König R, Keklikoglou I, Wiemann S. MicroRNA-30c-2-3p negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression through downregulation of TRADD and CCNE1 in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1106-19. [PMID: 25732226 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is frequently deregulated in a variety of cancers and is constitutively active in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer subtypes. These molecular subtypes of breast cancer are associated with poor overall survival. We focused on mechanisms of NF-κB regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate eukaryotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In a previous genome-wide miRNA screen, we had identified miR-30c-2-3p as one of the strongest negative regulators of NF-κB signaling. Here we have uncovered the underlying molecular mechanisms and its consequences in breast cancer. In vitro results show that miR-30c-2-3p directly targets both TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain (TRADD), an adaptor protein of the TNFR/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the cell cycle protein Cyclin E1 (CCNE1). Ectopic expression of miR-30c-2-3p downregulated essential cytokines IL8, IL6, CXCL1, and reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RNA interference (RNAi) induced silencing of TRADD phenocopied the effects on invasion and cytokine expression caused by miR-30c-2-3p, while inhibition of CCNE1 phenocopied the effects on cell proliferation. We further confirmed the tumor suppressive role of this miRNA using a dataset of 781 breast tumors, where higher expression was associated with better survival in breast cancer patients. In summary we have elucidated the mechanism by which miR-30c-2-3p negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Shukla
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Aoife Ward
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics & Proteomics Core Facility, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Breunig
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ewald Münstermann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany; Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Stewart MKG, Plante I, Bechberger JF, Naus CC, Laird DW. Mammary gland specific knockdown of the physiological surge in Cx26 during lactation retains normal mammary gland development and function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101546. [PMID: 24988191 PMCID: PMC4079510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin26 (Cx26) is the major Cx protein expressed in the human mammary gland and is up-regulated during pregnancy while remaining elevated throughout lactation. It is currently unknown if patients with loss-of-function Cx26 mutations that result in hearing loss and skin diseases have a greater susceptibility to impaired breast development. To investigate if Cx26 plays a critical role in mammary gland development and differentiation, a novel Cx26 conditional knockout mouse model was generated by crossing Cx26fl/fl mice with mice expressing Cre under the β-Lactoglobulin promoter. Conditional knockdown of Cx26 from the mammary gland resulted in a dramatic reduction in detectable gap junction plaques confirmed by a significant ∼65-70% reduction in Cx26 mRNA and protein throughout parturition and lactation. Interestingly, this reduction was accompanied by a decrease in mammary gland Cx30 gap junction plaques at parturition, while no change was observed for Cx32 or Cx43. Whole mount, histological and immunofluorescent assessment of breast tissue revealed comparatively normal lobuloalveolar development following pregnancy in the conditionally knockdown mice compared to control mice. In addition, glands from genetically-modified mice were capable of producing milk proteins that were evident in the lumen of alveoli and ducts at similar levels as controls, suggesting normal gland function. Together, our results suggest that low levels of Cx26 expression throughout pregnancy and lactation, and not the physiological surge in Cx26, is sufficient for normal gland development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K G Stewart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John F Bechberger
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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The Prognostic Importance of Nuclear Factor κB and Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α in Relation to the Breast Cancer Subtype and the Overall Survival. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:464-70. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e31829271ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hardman WE. Diet components can suppress inflammation and reduce cancer risk. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:233-40. [PMID: 24944766 PMCID: PMC4058555 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology studies indicate that diet or specific dietary components can reduce the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An underlying cause of these diseases is chronic inflammation. Dietary components that are beneficial against disease seem to have multiple mechanisms of action and many also have a common mechanism of reducing inflammation, often via the NFκB pathway. Thus, a plant based diet can contain many components that reduce inflammation and can reduce the risk for developing all three of these chronic diseases. We summarize dietary components that have been shown to reduce cancer risk and two studies that show that dietary walnut can reduce cancer growth and development. Part of the mechanism for the anticancer benefit of walnut was by suppressing the activation of NFκB. In this brief review, we focus on reduction of cancer risk by dietary components and the relationship to suppression of inflammation. However, it should be remembered that most dietary components have multiple beneficial mechanisms of action that can be additive and that suppression of chronic inflammation should reduce the risk for all three chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington, West Virginia 25701-3655, USA
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Abstract
Molecular genetics and other contemporary approaches have contributed to a better understanding of prolactin (PRL) actions at the cellular and organismal levels. In this review, several advances in knowledge of PRL actions are highlighted. Special emphasis is paid to areas of progress with consequences for understanding of human PRL actions. The impacts of these advances on future research priorities are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Program in Systems Biology and Physiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45067-0476, USA
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Al-Sharif I, Remmal A, Aboussekhra A. Eugenol triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells through E2F1/survivin down-regulation. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:600. [PMID: 24330704 PMCID: PMC3931838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a major health problem that threatens the lives of millions of women worldwide each year. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents that are currently used to treat this complex disease are highly toxic with long-term side effects. Therefore, novel generation of anti-cancer drugs with higher efficiency and specificity are urgently needed. Methods Breast cancer cell lines were treated with eugenol and cytotoxicity was measured using the WST-1 reagent, while propidium iodide/annexinV associated with flow cytometry was utilized in order to determine the induced cell death pathway. The effect of eugenol on apoptotic and pro-carcinogenic proteins, both in vitro and in tumor xenografts was assessed by immunoblotting. While RT-PCR was used to determine eugenol effect on the E2F1 and survivin mRNA levels. In addition, we tested the effect of eugenol on cell proliferation using the real-time cell electronic sensing system. Results Eugenol at low dose (2 μM) has specific toxicity against different breast cancer cells. This killing effect was mediated mainly through inducing the internal apoptotic pathway and strong down-regulation of E2F1 and its downstream antiapoptosis target survivin, independently of the status of p53 and ERα. Eugenol inhibited also several other breast cancer related oncogenes, such as NF-κB and cyclin D1. Moreover, eugenol up-regulated the versatile cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 protein, and inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a p53-independent manner. Importantly, these anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were also observed in vivo in xenografted human breast tumors. Conclusion Eugenol exhibits anti-breast cancer properties both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that it could be used to consolidate the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer through targeting the E2F1/survivin pathway, especially for the less responsive triple-negative subtype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC # 03-66, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Bailey ST, Miron PL, Choi YJ, Kochupurakkal B, Maulik G, Rodig SJ, Tian R, Foley KM, Bowman T, Miron A, Brown M, Iglehart JD, Debajit KB. NF-κB activation-induced anti-apoptosis renders HER2-positive cells drug resistant and accelerates tumor growth. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 12:408-420. [PMID: 24319068 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0206-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Breast cancers with HER2 overexpression are sensitive to drugs targeting the receptor or its kinase activity. HER2-targeting drugs are initially effective against HER2-positive breast cancer, but resistance inevitably occurs. We previously found that NF-κB is hyperactivated in a subset of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and tissue specimens. In this study, we report that constitutively active NF-κB rendered HER2-positive cancer cells resistant to anti-HER2 drugs and cells selected for lapatinib resistance upregulated NF-κB. In both circumstances, cells were antiapoptotic and grew rapidly as xenografts. Lapatinib-resistant cells were refractory to HER2 and NF-κB inhibitors alone but were sensitive to their combination, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy. A subset of NF-κB-responsive genes was overexpressed in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers, and patients with this NF-κB signature had poor clinical outcome. Anti-HER2 drug resistance may be a consequence of NF-κB activation, and selection for resistance results in NF-κB activation, suggesting that this transcription factor is central to oncogenesis and drug resistance. Clinically, the combined targeting of HER2 and NF-κB suggests a potential treatment paradigm for patients who relapse after anti-HER2 therapy. Patients with these cancers may be treated by simultaneously suppressing HER2 signaling and NF-κB activation. IMPLICATIONS The combination of an inhibitor of IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor and anti-HER2 drugs may be a novel treatment strategy for drug-resistant human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon T Bailey
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Penelope L Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoon J Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bose Kochupurakkal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gautam Maulik
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ruiyang Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathleen M Foley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Teresa Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - J Dirk Iglehart
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
| | - K Biswas Debajit
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA 02115
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Visser K, Mortimer M, Louw A. Cyclopia extracts act as ERα antagonists and ERβ agonists, in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79223. [PMID: 24223909 PMCID: PMC3817056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapy associated risks, and the concomitant reluctance of usage, has instigated the search for new generations of estrogen analogues that would maintain estrogen benefits without associated risks. Furthermore, if these analogues display chemo-preventative properties in breast and endometrial tissues it would be of great value. Both the selective estrogen receptor modulators as well as the selective estrogen receptor subtype modulators have been proposed as estrogen analogues with improved risk profiles. Phytoestrogen containing extracts of Cyclopia, an indigenous South African fynbos plant used to prepare Honeybush tea may serve as a source of new estrogen analogues. In this study three extracts, P104, SM6Met, and cup-of-tea, from two species of Cyclopia, C. genistoides and C. subternata, were evaluated for ER subtype specific agonism and antagonism both in transactivation and transrepression. For transactivation, the Cyclopia extracts displayed ERα antagonism and ERβ agonism when ER subtypes were expressed separately, however, when co-expressed only agonism was uniformly observed. In contrast, for transrepression, this uniform behavior was lost, with some extracts (P104) displaying uniform agonism, while others (SM6Met) displayed antagonism when subtypes were expressed separately and agonism when co-expressed. In addition, breast cancer cell proliferation assays indicate that extracts antagonize cell proliferation in the presence of estrogen at lower concentrations than that required for proliferation. Furthermore, lack of uterine growth and delayed vaginal opening in an immature rat uterotrophic model validates the ERα antagonism of extracts observed in vitro and supports the potential of the Cyclopia extracts as a source of estrogen analogues with a reduced risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koch Visser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Morné Mortimer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, Republic of South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Zou Z, Bellenger S, Massey KA, Nicolaou A, Geissler A, Bidu C, Bonnotte B, Pierre AS, Minville-Walz M, Rialland M, Seubert J, Kang JX, Lagrost L, Narce M, Bellenger J. Inhibition of the HER2 pathway by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents breast cancer in fat-1 transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3453-63. [PMID: 24052576 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor, ErbB2/HER2/Neu, occurs in 25-30% of invasive breast cancer (BC) with poor patient prognosis. Due to confounding factors, inconsistencies still remain regarding the protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on BC. We therefore evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, endogenously synthesizing n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs, were protected against BC development, and we then aimed to study in vivo a mechanism potentially involved in such protection. E0771 BC cells were implanted into fat-1 and wild-type (WT) mice. After tumorigenesis examination, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the HER2 signaling pathway and lipidomic analyses were performed in tumor tissues and plasma. Our results showed that tumors totally disappeared by day 15 in fat-1 mice but continued to grow in WT mice. This prevention can be related in part to significant repression of the HER2/β-catenin signaling pathway and formation of significant levels of n-3 PUFA-derived bioactive mediators (particularly 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and prostaglandin E3) in the tumors of fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. All together these data demonstrate an anti-BC effect of n-3 PUFAs through, at least in part, HER2 signaling pathway downregulation, and highlight the importance of gene-diet interactions in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuquan Zou
- Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Dijon, France
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Mowla SN, Perkins ND, Jat PS. Friend or foe: emerging role of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in cell senescence. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1221-9. [PMID: 24043947 PMCID: PMC3772761 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) proteins are a family of ubiquitously expressed transcription factors that regulate the response to cellular stress. They mediate innate and adaptive immunity through the initiation of an inflammatory response to pro-inflammatory signals. The role of persistent inflammation in aiding tumor development has led to the NF-κB family of transcription factors being strongly implicated in promoting cancer. However, recent studies have now revealed that NF-κB can also function as a tumor suppressor through the induction of cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that normal cells undergo in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli including: progressive telomere shortening, changes in telomeric structure, or other forms of genotoxic stress. Senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, contributing to tissue and organismal aging via the accumulation of senescent cells, depletion of stem/progenitor cells and secretion of an array of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. Senescence can also lead to the removal of potentially cancerous cells, thereby acting as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism. Herein, we review the evidence indicating a role for NF-κB in tumor suppression via cellular senescence and suggest that depending upon the subunit expressed, the biological context, and the type and intensity of the signal, NF-κB can indeed promote senescence growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia N Mowla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Neil D Perkins
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Parmjit S Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Activation of NFkB is a novel mechanism of pro-survival activity of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 337:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Lu X, An H, Jin R, Zou M, Guo Y, Su PF, Liu D, Shyr Y, Yarbrough WG. PPM1A is a RelA phosphatase with tumor suppressor-like activity. Oncogene 2013; 33:2918-27. [PMID: 23812431 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling contributes to human disease processes, notably inflammatory diseases and cancer. NF-κB has a role in tumorigenesis and tumor growth, as well as promotion of metastases. Mechanisms responsible for abnormal NF-κB activation are not fully elucidated; however, RelA phosphorylation, particularly at serine residues S536 and S276, is critical for RelA function. Kinases that phosphorylate RelA promote oncogenic behaviors, suggesting that phosphatases targeting RelA could have tumor-inhibiting activities; however, few RelA phosphatases have been identified. Here, we identified tumor inhibitory and RelA phosphatase activities of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) phosphatase family member, PPM1A. We show that PPM1A directly dephosphorylated RelA at residues S536 and S276 and selectively inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity, resulting in decreased expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and interleukin-6, cytokines implicated in cancer metastasis. PPM1A depletion enhanced NF-κB-dependent cell invasion, whereas PPM1A expression inhibited invasion. Analyses of human expression data revealed that metastatic prostate cancer deposits had lower PPM1A expression compared with primary tumors without distant metastases. A hematogenous metastasis mouse model revealed that PPM1A expression inhibited bony metastases of prostate cancer cells after vascular injection. In summary, our findings suggest that PPM1A is a RelA phosphatase that regulates NF-κB activity and that PPM1A has tumor suppressor-like activity. Our analyses also suggest that PPM1A inhibits prostate cancer metastases and as neither gene deletions nor inactivating mutations of PPM1A have been described, increasing PPM1A activity in tumors represents a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit NF-κB signaling or bony metastases in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H An
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA [2] Division of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Jin
- 1] Vanderbilt Prostate Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA [2] Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Zou
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P-F Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Liu
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W G Yarbrough
- 1] Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA [3] Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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