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Gao S, Zhang S, Sun J, He X, Xue S, Zhang W, Li P, Lin L, Qu Y, Ward-Fear G, Chen L, Li H. Nanoplastic pollution changes the intestinal microbiome but not the morphology or behavior of a freshwater turtle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173178. [PMID: 38750733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Humans produce 350 million metric tons of plastic waste per year, leading to microplastic pollution and widespread environmental contamination, particularly in aquatic environments. This subsequently impacts aquatic organisms in myriad ways, yet the vast majority of research is conducted in marine, rather than freshwater systems. In this study, we exposed eggs and hatchlings of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) to 80-nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and monitored the impacts on development, behavior and the gut microbiome. We demonstrate that 80-nm PS-NPs can penetrate the eggshell and move into developing embryos. This led to metabolic impairments, as evidenced by bradycardia (a decreased heart rate), which persisted until hatching. We found no evidence that nanoplastic exposure affected hatchling morphology, growth rates, or levels of boldness and exploration, yet we discuss some potential caveats here. Exposure to nanoplastics reduced the diversity and homogeneity of gut microbiota in P. sinensis, with the level of disruption correlating to the length of environmental exposure (during incubation only or post-hatching also). Thirteen core genera (with an initial abundance >1 %) shifted after nanoplastic treatment: pathogenic bacteria increased, beneficial probiotic bacteria decreased, and there was an increase in the proportion of negative correlations between bacterial genera. These changes could have profound impacts on the viability of turtles throughout their lives. Our study highlights the toxicity of environmental NPs to the embryonic development and survival of freshwater turtles. We provide insights about population trends of P. sinensis in the wild, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinni He
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Longhui Lin
- Herpetological Research Center, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yanfu Qu
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Georgia Ward-Fear
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xia X, Ma X, Liang N, Qin L, Huo W, Li Y. Damage of polyethylene microplastics on the intestine multilayer barrier, blood cell immune function and the repair effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DH in the large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109460. [PMID: 38382690 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) has become a global concern due to their widespread distribution and hazardous properties in aquatic habitats. In this study, the accumulation effect of PE-MPs in the intestine of large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) was explored by adding different concentrations of PE-MPs to the water, the destination of PE-MPs after breaking the intestinal barrier and the effects caused. The collected data showed that PE-MPs accumulation for 21d altered the histomorphology and antioxidant enzyme activity of the intestine, induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. 10 mg/L of PE-MPs induced a significant increase in the transcript levels of intestinal immunity factors in loach after 21d of exposure. Moreover, the levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and d-lactic acid (D-Lac) in the gut and serum of loach were significantly increased after exposure to PE-MPs at all concentrations (1, 5, 10 mg/L). Subsequently, the presence of PE-MPs was detected in the blood, suggesting that the disruption of the intestinal multilayer barrier allowed PE-MPs to spill into the circulation. The accumulation of PE-MPs (1,5,10 mg/L) in the blood led to massive apoptosis and necrosis of blood cells and activated phagocytosis in response to PE-MPs invasion. To alleviate the damage, this study further exposure the effect of probiotics on PE-MPs treated loach by adding Leuconostoc mesenteroides DH (109 CFU/g) to the feed. The results showed that DH significantly increased the intestinal index and reduced the levels of DAO and D-Lac. To investigate the reason, we followed the PE-MPs in the intestine and blood of the loach and found that the number of PE-MPs particles was significantly reduced in the probiotic group, while the PE-MPs content in the feces was elevated. Thus, we concluded that DH reducing the accumulation of PE-MPs in the intestinal by increases fecal PE-MPs, which in turn mitigates the damage to the intestinal barrier caused by PE-MPs, and reduces the amount of PE-MPs in the blood. This work offers a robust analysis to understand the mechanisms of damage to the intestinal barrier by MPs and the fate of MPs after escaping the intestinal barrier and provide a new perspective on the application of probiotics in mitigating PE-MPs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Ning Liang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Lu Qin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Weiran Huo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
| | - Yi Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Qin S, Xiao X, Dai Z, Zhao G, Cui Z, Wu Y, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immune and antioxidant functions, and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103210. [PMID: 37980737 PMCID: PMC10684393 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis (BL) has been widely regarded as an important growth promoter in recent years. However, its usage in animal industry still needs more foundations. The aim of our study was to study the effects of BL on the growth performance, immunity, oxidative function and intestinal flora of broilers. A total of 760 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 19 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the control group (CON) were fed with basal diet. The treatment groups were supplemented with 250 mg/kg (BL250), 500 mg/kg (BL500) and 750 mg/kg (BL750) BL in the basal diet for 70 d. Results showed that BL groups significantly increased the body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In addition, the spleen and bursa indexes were higher in the BL groups than that in the CON group at d 70. BL supplementation also markedly increased the levels of immunoglobulins Y (IgY), IgA and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10), reduced the levels of proinflammatory IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-2 in the serum at 70 d in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, BL addition significantly increased the levels of series antioxidant enzymes including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Moreover, BL groups showed an obvious increase of isobutyric acid markedly and BL500 group significantly promoted the level of isovaleric acid in cecal contents of broilers. Finally, microbial analysis showed that BL supplementation presented visual separations of microbial composition and increased the relative abundance of p_Proteobacteria, g_Elusimicrobium, and g_Parasutterella comparing with the CON group. Together, this study inferred that dietary BL supplementation improved the growth performance, immune and antioxidant functions, changed the intestinal microflora structure and metabolites of yellow-feathered broilers, which laid a good basis for the application of probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Ghiselli F, Giovagnoni G, Felici M, Tugnoli B, Piva A, Grilli E. A mixture of organic acids and thymol protects primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells from Clostridium perfringens infection in vitro. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102101. [PMID: 36088896 PMCID: PMC9464882 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis causes economic losses estimated to be up to 6 billion US dollars per year. Clinical and subclinical infections in poultry are also both correlated with decreased growth and feed efficiency. Moreover, in a context of increased antibiotic resistance, feed additives with enhanced antimicrobial properties are a useful and increasingly needed strategy. In this study, the protective effects of a blend of thymol and organic acids against the effects of Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) on chicken intestinal epithelial cells were investigated and compared to bacitracin, a widely used antibiotic in poultry production. Primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells were challenged with CP for a total time of 3 h to assess the beneficial effect of 2 doses of citric acid, dodecanoic acid, and thymol-containing blend, and compare them with bacitracin. During the challenge, different parameters were recorded, such as transepithelial electrical resistance, cell viability, mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species production. CP induced inflammation with cytokine production and loss of epithelial barrier integrity. It was also able to induce reactive oxygen species production and increase the caspase expression leading to cellular death. The high dose of the blend acted similarly to bacitracin, preventing the disruptive effects of CP and inducing also an increase in zonula occludens-1 mRNA expression. The low dose only partially prevented the disruptive effects of CP but successfully reduced the associated inflammation. This study shows that the usage of thymol combined with 2 organic acids can protect primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells from CP-induced damages creating a valid candidate to substitute or adjuvate the antibiotic treatment against necrotic enteritis.
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Gottstein J, Zaschke-Kriesche J, Unsleber S, Voitsekhovskaia I, Kulik A, Behrmann LV, Overbeck N, Stühler K, Stegmann E, Smits SHJ. New insights into the resistance mechanism for the BceAB-type transporter SaNsrFP. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4232. [PMID: 35273305 PMCID: PMC8913810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bacterial infections is one of the major challenges of our time due to the evolved resistance mechanisms of pathogens against antibiotics. To circumvent this problem, it is necessary to understand the mode of action of the drug and the mechanism of resistance of the pathogen. One of the most potent antibiotic targets is peptidoglycan (PGN) biosynthesis, as this is an exclusively occurring and critical feature of bacteria. Lipid II is an essential PGN precursor synthesized in the cytosol and flipped into the outer leaflet of the membrane prior to its incorporation into nascent PGN. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as nisin and colistin, targeting PGN synthesis are considered promising weapons against multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, human pathogenic bacteria that were also resistant to these compounds evolved by the expression of an ATP-binding cassette transporter of the bacitracin efflux (BceAB) type localized in the membrane. In the human pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae, the BceAB transporter SaNsrFP is known to confer resistance to the antimicrobial peptide nisin. The exact mechanism of action for SaNsrFP is poorly understood. For a detailed characterization of the resistance mechanism, we heterologously expressed SaNsrFP in Lactococcus lactis. We demonstrated that SaNsrFP conferred resistance not only to nisin but also to a structurally diverse group of antimicrobial PGN-targeting compounds such as ramoplanin, lysobactin, or bacitracin/(Zn)-bacitracin. Growth experiments revealed that SaNsrFP-producing cells exhibited normal behavior when treated with nisin and/or bacitracin, in contrast to the nonproducing cells, for which growth was significantly reduced. We further detected the accumulation of PGN precursors in the cytoplasm after treating the cells with bacitracin. This did not appear when SaNsrFP was produced. Whole-cell proteomic protein experiments verified that the presence of SaNsrFP in L. lactis resulted in higher production of several proteins associated with cell wall modification. These included, for example, the N-acetylmuramic acid-6-phosphate etherase MurQ and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase. Analysis of components of the cell wall of SaNsrFP-producing cells implied that the transporter is involved in cell wall modification. Since we used an ATP-deficient mutant of the transporter as a comparison, we can show that SaNsrFP and its inactive mutant do not show the same phenotype, albeit expressed at similar levels, which demonstrates the ATP dependency of the mediated resistance processes. Taken together, our data agree to a target protection mechanism and imply a direct involvement of SaNsrFP in resistance by shielding the membrane-localized target of these antimicrobial peptides, resulting in modification of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gottstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Zaschke-Kriesche
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Unsleber
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicin, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Voitsekhovskaia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicin, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicin, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara V Behrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Overbeck
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicin, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Lin KH, Yu YH. Evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Feed Additive as an Antibiotic Substitute: Effect on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Cecal Microbiota in Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1649. [PMID: 32937883 PMCID: PMC7552216 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of a Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive (BLF) as an antibiotic substitute in weaning piglets. Ninety-six crossbred piglets were randomly allotted into four treatments with three replicate pens per treatment and eight pigs per pen. Piglets were fed diets as follows: a basal diet as control, a basal diet supplemented with bacitracin (30 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate), a basal diet supplemented with BLF (1 g/kg of the Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive), and a basal diet supplemented with bacitracin and BLF (15 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate and 0.5 g/kg of the Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive). The results showed that replacing all or half the bacitracin with BLF both reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets from day 1 to 14. Principal coordinates analysis and a species abundance heat map showed that distinct clusters were formed between groups. Replacing all the bacitracin with BLF reduced bacterial evenness in the cecal digesta of weaning piglets, while the inhibitory effect on bacterial evenness was reversed in the group treated with bacitracin in combination with BLF. These results indicated that the half replacement of bacitracin with BLF was able to decrease the incidence of diarrhea and modify cecal microbiota composition in weaning piglets, suggesting that a Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive has good potential as a suitable alternative to antibiotics use in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan;
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Ma J, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu R, Liu G, Yao H, Pan Z. Bacitracin resistance and enhanced virulence of Streptococcus suis via a novel efflux pump. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:377. [PMID: 31660968 PMCID: PMC6819616 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is a prominent pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in swine and humans. Bacitracin is used widely as a growth promoter in animal feed and to control the spread of necrotic enteritis in most developing countries. This study aimed to characterize a novel membrane transporter module Sst comprising SstE, SstF, and SstG for bacitracin resistance. Results Comparative genomics and protein homology analysis found a potential efflux pump SstFEG encoded upstream of well-known bacitracin-resistance genes bceAB and bceRS. A four-fold decrease in bacitracin susceptibility was observed in sstFEG deletion mutant comparing with S. suis wildtype strain CZ130302. Further studies indicated that the bacitracin tolerance mediated by SstFEG is not only independent of the BceAB transporter, but also regulated by the two-component system BceSR. Given that SstFEG are harbored by almost all virulent strains, but not in the avirulent strains, we managed to explore its potential role in bacterial pathogencity. Indeed, our results showed that SstFEG is involved in S. suis colonization and virulence in animal infection model by its potential competitive survival advantage against host bactericidal effect. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to functionally characterize the bacitracin efflux pump in S. suis to provide evidence regarding the important roles of the novel ABC transporter system SstFEG with respect to drug resistance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Runxia Liu
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang M, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Liu WR, He LY, Zhang JN, Chen J, He LK, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. Occurrence, fate and mass loadings of antibiotics in two swine wastewater treatment systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1421-1431. [PMID: 29929305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely applied in livestock industry to prevent or treat animal diseases. However, those antibiotics are poorly metabolized in livestock animals, most of them being excreted via feces or urine. Hence we need to understand the removal of antibiotics in swine farm wastewater treatment systems. This study investigated occurrence and fate of various antibiotics in two full-scale swine farm wastewater treatment systems (Farm A: anaerobic digester-A2/O-lagoon; Farm B: upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-(A/O)2-lagoon). The results showed the presence of 25 antibiotics out of 40 target antibiotics in the wastewater and sludge samples from the two farms. In Farm A, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfachlorpyridazine, oxytetracycline and lincomycin were predominant in the influent with concentrations up to 166 ± 3.64 μg/L, while in the dewatered sludge chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and norfloxacin were the predominant target compounds with concentrations up to 29.2 ± 3.74 μg/g. In Farm B, high concentrations (up to 3630 ± 1040 μg/L) of sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine and lincomycin were detected in the influent, and the predominant target antibiotics detected in the dewater sludge were similar to those in Farm A, with concentrations up to 28.6 ± 0.592 μg/g. The aqueous removal rates for the total antibiotics were >99.0% in the wastewater treatment plants of both farms. Among a series of treatment units, the anaerobic digester in Farm A and UASB in Farm B made a significant contribution to the elimination of the target antibiotics from the animal wastewater. The daily mass loadings of total antibiotics in the manure, influent, dewatered sludge and effluent were 17.1, 28.0, 2.53, and 0.0730 g/d for Farm A and 24.5, 354, 3.17, and 0.293 g/d for Farm B. The full-scale swine wastewater treatment facilities could effectively remove antibiotics from swine wastewater, but the dewatered sludge needs to be further treated before disposal on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jin-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lun-Kai He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Mountzouris KC. Assessment of the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in swine nutrition: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1616/1476-2137.14622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Cardona ME, Kozakova H, Collinder E, Persson AK, Midtvedt T, Norin E. Biochemical intestinal parameters in germ-free minipigs and rats and in ex-germ-free minipigs and rats monoassociated with Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:109-13. [PMID: 15836440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal contents of newborn and young germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were investigated for the following biochemical parameters - conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine, level of tryptic activity, formation of urobilinogen and the profile of short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were monoassociated with non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and were investigated for the same biochemical parameters. The conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine, tryptic activity and the short-chain fatty acid profile were similar to those found in previous studies in germ-free animals. Slightly higher amounts of urobilinogen than in the other species investigated so far were found in samples from germ-free and monoassociated minipigs. Except for the total amount of short-chain fatty acids in rats, monoassociation with E. coli did not alter any of the parameters either in the minipigs or in the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cardona
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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