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Li C, Wang Z, Niu Z, Li J, Chen L, Cui X, Li F. Development of an effective method for purifying trypsin using a recombinant inhibitor. Protein Expr Purif 2025; 225:106597. [PMID: 39233018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A trypsin affinity material was prepared by covalently immobilizing buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (BTI) on epichlorohydrin-activated cross-linked agarose gel (Selfinose CL 6 B). The optimal conditions for activating Selfinose CL 6 B were 15 % epichlorohydrin and 0.8 M NaOH at 40 °C for 2 h. The optimal pH for immobilizing BTI was 9.5. BTI-Sefinose CL 6 B showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.25 mg trypsin/(g support). The material also displayed good reusability, retaining over 90 % of its initial adsorption capacity after 30 cycles. High-purity trypsin was obtained from locust homogenate using BTI-Selfinose CL 6 B through one-step affinity chromatography. The molecular mass and Km value of locust trypsin were determined as 27 kDa and 0.241 mM using N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-nitroanilide as substrate. The optimal temperature and pH of trypsin activity were 55 °C and 9.0, respectively. The enzyme exhibited good stability in the temperature range of 30-50 °C and pH range of 4.0-10.0. BTI-Selfinose CL 6 B demonstrates potential application in the preparation of high-purity trypsin and the discovery of more novel trypsin from various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zejie Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jiao Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lanxin Chen
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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Kim C, Ri K, Choe S. A novel fibrinolytic enzymes from the Korean traditional fermented food-Jotgal: Purification and characterization. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13255. [PMID: 32468603 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic activity in Korean traditional fermented food, Jotgal (pickled fish) was identified. Though the fibrinolytic activity could vary in different kinds of Jotgal, this activity seems to be produced by microorganisms during the natural fermentation stage. From Gonjaengijot (pickled opossum shrimp), two novel fibrinolytic enzymes named by JP-I and JP-II, have been purified by ethanol precipitation, Bio-GEL P-100 gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Compared to the crude enzyme extract, the specific activity of the JP-I and JP-II increased 258, 85-fold with the recovery of 22.1, 8.5%, respectively. The molecular weights of both enzymes were estimated as 36 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimal condition for fibrinolytic activity of JP-I was at 50°C and pH 8.1, while that of JP-II was at 45°C and 9.9. Both enzymes were stable at a broad range of pH (5.0 to 10.5) and have metalloprotease nature. From these results, it concludes that these enzymes could be a novel potent thrombolytic agent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fibrinolytic enzyme is one of the clinical agents for cardiovascular diseases which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 17 million deaths every year. A variety of fibrinolytic enzymes are found and characterized from various sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and new sources for fibrinolytic enzymes continue to be explored. Jotgal, widely used in Korean people's diet, is a traditional Korean seafood prepared from many different types of fishes, fish eggs, fish intestines, and shellfishes. Through an amount of research, some of fibrinolytic enzymes were found and purified from Jotgal, however, no studies have been done on fibrinolytic enzyme from opossum shrimp. In this study, the purification, enzymatic characteristics, and fibrinolytic activity of the proteases, originated from Korean traditional fermented food, Jotgal were reported. These enzymes could be novel potent thrombolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholho Kim
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Kwangok Ri
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Sunil Choe
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.,School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Ribeiro JM, Debat HJ, Boiani M, Ures X, Rocha S, Breijo M. An insight into the sialome, mialome and virome of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:616. [PMID: 31357943 PMCID: PMC6664567 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is an obligate blood feeder that causes considerable economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. The control of this cattle pest is mainly based on insecticides; unfortunately, in many regions, horn flies have developed resistance. Vaccines or biological control have been proposed as alternative control methods, but the available information about the biology or physiology of this parasite is rather scarce. RESULTS We present a comprehensive description of the salivary and midgut transcriptomes of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans), using deep sequencing achieved by the Illumina protocol, as well as exploring the virome of this fly. Comparison of the two transcriptomes allow for identification of uniquely salivary or uniquely midgut transcripts, as identified by statistically differential transcript expression at a level of 16 x or more. In addition, we provide genomic highlights and phylogenetic insights of Haematobia irritans Nora virus and present evidence of a novel densovirus, both associated to midgut libraries of H. irritans. CONCLUSIONS We provide a catalog of protein sequences associated with the salivary glands and midgut of the horn fly that will be useful for vaccine design. Additionally, we discover two midgut-associated viruses that infect these flies in nature. Future studies should address the prevalence, biological effects and life cycles of these viruses, which could eventually lead to translational work oriented to the control of this economically important cattle pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway Room 3E28, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Humberto Julio Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Boiani
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - X. Ures
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - S. Rocha
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M. Breijo
- Unidad de Reactivos y Biomodelos de Experimentación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Rivers D, Geiman T. Insect Artifacts Are More than Just Altered Bloodstains. INSECTS 2017; 8:E37. [PMID: 28350353 PMCID: PMC5492051 DOI: 10.3390/insects8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The bases for forensic entomology are that insects and their arthropod relatives can serve as evidence in criminal, medical and civil legal matters. However, some of the very same species that provide utility to legal investigations can also complicate crime scenes by distorting existing body fluid evidence (e.g., bloodstains, semen, saliva) and/or depositing artifacts derived from the insect alimentary canal at primary or secondary crime scenes. The insect contaminants are referred to as insect stains, artifacts, specks or spots, and are most commonly associated with human bloodstains. This review will discuss the different types of insect artifacts that have been described from crime scenes and laboratory experiments, as well as examine insect contaminates (non-blood based artifacts, transfer patterns, meconium, and larval fluids) that have received little research or case attention. Methods currently used for distinguishing insect stains from human body fluids will also be discussed and compared to presumptive tests used for identification of human body fluids. Since all available methods have severe limitations, areas of new research will be identified for the purpose of development of diagnostic techniques for detection of insect artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rivers
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
| | - Theresa Geiman
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
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Effects on fibrinogen, fibrin, and blood coagulation of proteolytic extracts from fruits of Pseudananas macrodontes, Bromelia balansae, and B. hieronymi (Bromeliaceae) in comparison with bromelain. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:441-9. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rivers DB, Acca G, Fink M, Brogan R, Schoeffield A. Spatial characterization of proteolytic enzyme activity in the foregut region of the adult necrophagous fly, Protophormia terraenovae. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 67:45-55. [PMID: 24968146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of proteolytic enzymes in the adult foregut of Protophormia terraenovae was studied in the context of protein digestion and regurgitation. Based on substrate specificity, pH optima, and use of specific protease inhibitors, all adults tested displayed enzyme activity in the foregut consistent with pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like enzyme activity were detected in all gut fluids and tissues tested, with chymotrypsin displaying the highest activity in saliva and salivary gland tissue, whereas maximal trypsin activity was evident in the crop. Pepsin-like activity was only evident in crop fluids and tissues. The activity of all three enzymes was low or undetectable (pepsin) in the fluids and tissue homogenates derived from the esophagus and cardia of any of the adults assayed. Fed adult females displayed higher enzyme activities than fed males, and the activity of all three enzymes were much more prevalent in fed adults than starved. The pH optimum of the trypsin-like enzyme was between pH 7.0 and 8.0; chymotrypsin was near pH 8.0; and maximal pepsin-like activity occurred between pH 1.0 and 2.0. Regurgitate from fed adult females displayed enzyme activity consistent with the proteolytic enzymes detected in crop gut fluids. Enzymes in regurgitate were not derived from food sources based on assays of bovine liver samples. These latter observations suggest that adult flies release fluids from foregut when encountering dry foods, potentially as a means to initiate extra-oral digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Rivers
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.
| | - Gillian Acca
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Marc Fink
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Rebecca Brogan
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Andrew Schoeffield
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
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7
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Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:656-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt 44519
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8
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Geng P, Lin L, Li Y, Fan Q, Wang N, Song L, Li W. A novel fibrin(ogen)olytic trypsin-like protease from Chinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi): Purification and characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Su T, Wu W, Yan T, Zhang C, Zhu Q, Bao B. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a novel marine fibrinolytic compound in Wistar rat following intravenous administrations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 942-943:77-82. [PMID: 24216275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a novel marine fibrinolytic compound for use in thrombolytic therapy. Pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of this novel marine fibrinolytic compound, FGFC1(2) (fungi fibrinolytic compound 1), were investigated in Wistar rats after intravenous (IV) bolus administration of two concentrations (10 and 20mg/kg). Plasma FGFC1 and tissue extracts were measured using HPLC with UV detection. FGFC1 was detected using a C18 column with a gradient eluted mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (0.1% trifluoroacetic acid), 1.0mL/min. Chromatograms were monitored at 265nm (column temperature: 40°C). Pharmacokinetic data indicate that FGFC1 fitted well to a two-compartment model. Elimination half-lives (t1/2) of FGFC1 were 21.51±2.17 and 23.22±2.11min for 10 and 20mg/kg, respectively. AUC0-t were 412.19±19.09, 899.09±35.86μg/mLmin, systemic clearance (CL) was 0.023±0.002, 0.022±0.002 ((mg/kg)/(μg/mL)/min) and the mean residence time (MRT) was 10.15±0.97, 9.65±1.40min at 10 and 20mg/kg, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the systemic clearance and mean residence time at the tested doses, suggesting linear pharmacokinetics in rats. Tissue distribution data reveal that FGFC1 distributed rapidly in most tissues except the brain and that the highest concentration of the drug was in the liver. In the small intestine, FGFC1 initially increased and then declined, but remained comparatively high 60min after administration, suggesting that enterohepatic circulation may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwei Su
- College of food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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10
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Huang M, Ye Y, Han Y. Purification of a Trypsin-Like Enzyme and Cloning of Its Gene from Chinese Ground Beetle (E
upolyphaga sinensis
). J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yun Ye
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Biological Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
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Molecular cloning and functional expression of a fibrinolytic protease gene from the polychaeta, Periserrula leucophryna. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Yan H, Wang Y, Yang H, Wei L, Xiao Y, Ye H, Lai R, Liu R. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis coupled with pharmacological test reveals the diversity of anti-thrombosis proteins from the medicinal insect, Eupolyphaga sinensis. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:537-544. [PMID: 22727120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The insect of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker has been used as traditional anti-thrombosis medicine without bleeding risk for several hundreds years in eastern countries. Our previous work has identified a bi-functional anti-thrombosis protein containing both direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating activities from the insect. By proteomics and transcriptome analysis, 105 serine proteases belonging to four families were identified from the ground beetle, E. sinensis and the classification is for serine proteases of this organism. Pharmacological test indicated that 5 (eupolytin 1-5) of them have the abilities to hydrolyze fibrin(ogen) and/or activate plasminogen. The current work revealed the extreme diversity of anti-thrombosis components in E. sinensis and anti-thrombosis molecular mechanisms of the traditional medicinal insect, and provided many templates for the development of new thrombolytic agents. Especially, these proteins, which contain both plasmin- and PA (plasminogen-activating)-like activities, are excellent candidates for anti-thrombosis medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Yang H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu C, Ye H, Li F, Yu H, Lai R. A bi-functional anti-thrombosis protein containing both direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating activities. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17519. [PMID: 21423730 PMCID: PMC3056663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic agents such as plasmin have been proved to contain effective and safety thrombolytic potential. Unfortunately, plasmin is ineffective when administered by the intravenous route because it was neutralized by plasma antiplasmin. Direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic agents with resistance against antiplasmin will brighten the prospect of anti-thrombosis. As reported in 'Compendium of Materia Medica', the insect of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker has been used as traditional anti-thrombosis medicine without bleeding risk for several hundreds years. Currently, we have identified a fibrin(ogen)olytic protein (Eupolytin1) containing both fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating (PA) activities from the beetle, E. sinensis. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of native and recombinant eupolytin1 in fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Using thrombus animal model, eupolytin1 was proved to contain strong and rapid thrombolytic ability and safety in vivo, which are better than that of urokinase. Most importantly, no bleeding complications were appeared even the intravenous dose up to 0.12 µmol/kg body weight (3 times of tested dose which could completely lyse experimental thrombi) in rabbits. It is the first report of thrombolytic agents containing both direct-acting fibrin(ogen)olytic and plasminogen-activating activities. CONCLUSIONS The study identified novel thrombolytic agent with prospecting clinical potential because of its bi-functional merits containing both plasmin- and PA-like activities and unique pharmacological kinetics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huahu Ye
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengliang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haining Yu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (HY)
| | - Ren Lai
- Biotoxin Units of Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Life Sciences College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (HY)
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Oyarzún MP, Quiroz A, Birkett MA. Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2008; 22:188-202. [PMID: 18816268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most widespread and economically important pests of cattle. Although insecticides have been used for fly control, success has been limited because of the development of insecticide resistance in all countries where the horn fly is found. This problem, along with public pressure for insecticide-free food and the prohibitive cost of developing new classes of compounds, has driven the investigation of alternative control methods that minimize or avoid the use of insecticides. This review provides details of the economic impact of horn flies, existing insecticides used for horn fly control and resistance mechanisms. Current research on new methods of horn fly control based on resistant cattle selection, semiochemicals, biological control and vaccines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Oyarzún
- Laboratorio Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhang R, Wang Y, Hong M. A novel fibrinolytic serine protease from the polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars): Purification and characterization. Biochimie 2007; 89:93-103. [PMID: 16950556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic serine protease has been identified and purified to homogeneity from the coelomic fluid of polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars), and named N-V protease. N-V protease is a 29kDa single chain protein with an isoelectric point of pH 4.5. It hydrolyzes Aalpha-chain of fibrinogen with a high efficiency, and the Bbeta- and gamma-chains (Aalpha>Bbeta>gamma) with a lower efficiency. The proteolytic activity peaks at pH 7.8 is 45 degrees C. The activity is completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors DFP (I(50)=5.8 x 10(-4)M) and PMSF (I(50)=5.5 x 10(-2)M), and almost completely by TLCK (I(50)=7.7 x 10(-1) M). But aprotinin, elastinal, SBTI, benzamidine, PCMB, EDTA, EGTA, iodoacetate, E64, and beta-mercaptoethanol have no effect on the protease activity. Therefore, N-V protease is identified as a serine protease. The primary amino acid sequence of N-V protease was determined by mass spectrometry (N-V protease, No. P83433). According to the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, there is no existing protein in the NCBI Non-redundant Protein Sequence Database that matches the N-V protease sequence. Therefore, N-V protease is a novel and special protein in N. virens. Furthermore, we have successfully established an expression cDNA library from the whole body of N. virens (data not shown).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Ahn MY, Hahn BS, Ryu KS, Hwang JS, Kim YS. Purification and characterization of a serine protease (CPM-2) with fibrinolytic activity from the dung beetles. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:816-22. [PMID: 16114497 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catharsius protease-2 (CPM-2) was isolated from the body of dung beetles, Catharsius molossus, using a three step purification process (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and affinity chromatography on DEAE Affi-Gel blue). The purified CPM-2, having a molecular weight of 24 kDa, was assessed homogeneously by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of CPM-2 was composed of X Val Gln Asp Phe Val Glu Glu Ile Leu. CPM-2 was inactivated by Cu2+ and Zn2+ and strongly inhibited by typical serine proteinase inhibitors such as TLCK, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, benzamidine, and alpha1-antitrypsin. However, EDTA, EGTA, cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol, E64, and elastatinal had little effect on enzyme activity. In addition, antiplasmin and antithrombin III were not sensitive to CPM-2. Based on the results of a fibrinolytic activity test, CPM-2 readily cleaved Aalpha- and Bbeta-chains of fibrinogen and fibrin, and gamma-chain of fibrinogen more slowly. The nonspecific action of the enzyme resulted in extensive hydrolysis, releasing a variety of fibrinopeptides of fibrinogen and fibrin. Polyclonal antibodies of CPM-2 were reactive to the native form of antigen. The ELISA was applied to detect quantities, in nanograms, of the antigen in CPM-2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Suwon 441-100, Korea.
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Rajapakse N, Jung WK, Mendis E, Moon SH, Kim SK. A novel anticoagulant purified from fish protein hydrolysate inhibits factor XIIa and platelet aggregation. Life Sci 2005; 76:2607-19. [PMID: 15769484 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel fish protein having anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties was enzymatically extracted from the marine fish, yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) and purified to homogeneity producing an overall purification fold of 206.6. MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic and SDS-PAGE analysis identified the purified protein as 12.01 kDa single-chain monomeric protein. It inhibited the activated coagulation factor XII (FXIIa) by forming an inactive complex regardless of Zn2+ mediation, and was named, yellowfin sole anticoagulant protein (YAP). In addition, YAP act to antagonize platelet membrane glycoprotein integrin, to arrest platelet aggregation. However, YAP was not able to block the adhesion of platelets to collagen, which mediate via major collagen receptors, GPIa/IIa on platelet membrane. Furthermore, YAP did not possess plasminogen activator-like activity to activate fibrinolysis. In fact, our findings indicate that YAP binds with FXIIa and platelet membrane integrins to inhibit thrombosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Daeyon-3-Dong, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, Korea
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Azzolini SS, Sasaki SD, Campos ITN, S Torquato RJ, Juliano MA, Tanaka AS. The role of HiTI, a serine protease inhibitor from Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) in the control of fly and bacterial proteases. Exp Parasitol 2005; 111:30-6. [PMID: 16054488 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood-sucking arthropods are vectors responsible for the transmission of several pathogens and parasites to vertebrate animals. The horn fly Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) and the tick Boophilus microplus are important hematophagous ectoparasites that cause losses in cattle production. A serine protease inhibitor from a thorax extract of the fly H. irritans irritans (HiTI) was previously isolated, characterized and cloned. In the present study we described the expression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant HiTI (rHiTI) and its possible role in the control of different endogenous and bacterial proteases. rHiTI was successfully expressed using the pPIC9 expression vector with a yield of 4.2 mg/L of active rHiTI. The recombinant HiTI purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose had a molecular mass of 6.53 kDa as determined by LS-ESI mass spectrometry and inhibition constants (Kis) similar to those of native HiTI for bovine trypsin and human neutrophil elastase of 0.4 and 1.0 nM, respectively. Purified rHiTI also showed inhibitory activity against the trypsin-like enzyme of H. i. irritans using its possible natural substrates, fibrinogen and hemoglobin; and also inhibited the OmpT endoprotease of Escherichia coli using fluorogenic substrates. The present results confirm that HiTI may play a role in the control of fly endogenous proteases but also suggest a role in the inhibition of pathogen proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S Azzolini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UNIFESP-EPM, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Azzolini SS, Santos JMC, Souza AF, Torquato RJS, Hirata IY, Andreotti R, Tanaka AS. Purification, characterization, and cloning of a serine proteinase inhibitor from the ectoparasite Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Exp Parasitol 2004; 106:103-9. [PMID: 15172217 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Revised: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The fly Haematobia irritans irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites in cattle production, due to its ability to suck large amounts of blood. This report describes the purification and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor (HiTI) present in H. i. irritans head and thorax extracts. The HiTI purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose has a molecular mass of 7029Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. HiTI inhibited bovine trypsin, human neutrophil elastase, and a trypsin-like enzyme purified from H. i. irritans abdomen with dissociation constants of 0.57, 1.30, and 0.20nM, respectively. The HiTI partial amino acid sequence allowed its classification into the BPTI-Kunitz-type family. An HiTI cDNA fragment was cloned in the pGEMT vector using RT-PCR. The translated amino acid sequence of HiTI cDNA confirmed a unique Kunitz-type-domain protein. Our results suggest that HiTI could control some endogenous enzyme, e.g., the H. i. irritans trypsin-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S Azzolini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, UNIFESP-EPM, Rua Três de Maio 100, 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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You WK, Sohn YD, Kim KY, Park DH, Jang Y, Chung KH. Purification and molecular cloning of a novel serine protease from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 34:239-250. [PMID: 14871620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel serine protease, named as scolonase, was purified and characterized from the tissue of the Korean centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Purified scolonase showed an apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and an isoelectric point of 4.8 on isoelectric focusing gel. Scolonase was able to preferentially hydrolyze arginine over lysine at the cleavage site among the several synthetic peptide substrates. Scolonase has also a potent fibrinolytic activity by converting human Glu-plasminogen to activated plasmin due to the specific cleavage of the molecule at the peptide bond Arg(561)-Val(562). The enzyme activity of scolonase was completely inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and difluorophosphate. The cDNA encoding scolonase was cloned from the cDNA library of the centipede constructed with oligonucleotide probe, which was designed on the basis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of scolonase. The deduced complete amino acid sequence of scolonase demonstrated that the protein is composed of 277 amino acids including 33 amino acids as a leader sequence, and that it has significant sequence homology with other serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon-Kyoo You
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Bioproducts Research Center, 341 Pojung-ri, Koosung-myun, Yongin City, Kyonggi-do 449-910, South Korea
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Ahn MY, Hahn BS, Ryu KS, Kim JW, Kim I, Kim YS. Purification and characterization of a serine protease with fibrinolytic activity from the dung beetles, Catharsius molossus. Thromb Res 2003; 112:339-47. [PMID: 15041280 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Catharsius protease-1 (CPM-1) was isolated from the whole body of the dung beetles, Catharsius molossus, using three purification steps (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and affinity chromatography on DEAE Affi-Gel Blue gel). The purified CPM-1 that has a molecular weight of 27 kDa was assessed homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an isoelectric point of 4.4 was determined by isoelectric focusing. N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protease was composed of Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Gln-Ala-Val-Glu-Ile-Gly-Asp-Tyr-Pro-Ala-Gln. The enzyme was inactivated by Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) and strongly inhibited by typical serine proteinase inhibitors such as TLCK, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, benzamidine and alpha-antitrypsin. However, EDTA, EGTA, cysteine, beta-mercaptoethanol, E64, chymostatin, elastatinal and TPCK did not/less affect activity. Also, antiplasmin and antithrombin III were not sensitive to CPM-1. On the basis of amidolytic activity test, CPM-1 preferably hydrolysed chromogenic protease substrates containing Arg or Lys residues of the P1 position at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. CPM-1 preferentially cleaved the oxidized B-chain of insulin between Arg(22) and Gly(23). CPM-1 readily digested Aalpha- and gamma-chains and more slowly Bbeta-chain of fibrinogen. The nonspecific action of the enzyme resulted in extensive hydrolysis, releasing a variety of fibrinopeptides of fibrinogen and fibrin. D-dimer concentration increased on incubation of cross-linked fibrin with CPM-1, indicating that the enzyme has a significant fibrinolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Ahn
- Department of Sericulture and Entomology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, 61 Sudun-Dong, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon 441-100, South Korea.
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