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Protective Effects of Four Natural Antioxidants on Hydroxyl-Radical-Induced Lipid and Protein Oxidation in Yak Meat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193062. [PMID: 36230138 PMCID: PMC9564240 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of natural antioxidants, including ferulic acid, diallyl sulfide, α-tocopherol, and rutin, at a level of 0.2 g/kg on lipid and protein oxidation of minced yak meat in a hydroxyl-radical-generating system were investigated, and the effectiveness was compared with synthetic antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). The exposure of yak meat to oxidative stress from 12 h to 24 h elevated lipid and protein oxidation. Treatments with antioxidants resulted in significantly lower peroxides, conjugated dienes, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and were also effective in retarding the formation of carbonyl groups, reducing the loss of sulfhydryl groups and protecting α-helix contents, of which ferulic acid and rutin were the most effective. Myosin heavy chain underwent lower degradation in the samples treated with ferulic acid or rutin compared with the oxidized control and other antioxidant treatments, while that of the BHT treatment showed a similar intensity with oxidized control at 24 h of oxidation. The physical stability of myofibrillar proteins in samples with antioxidants from high to low was rutin, ferulic acid, α-tocopherol, and BHT~diallyl sulfide. These results indicate that rutin and ferulic acid may be promising antioxidants in inhibiting the oxidative reactions during the processing of yak meat.
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Coenzyme Q10 and Silymarin Reduce CCl4-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver and Kidney Injury in Ovariectomized Rats—Implications for Protective Therapy in Chronic Liver and Kidney Diseases. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:50-63. [PMID: 35366269 PMCID: PMC8830449 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the pathophysiology of liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential impact of two antioxidants, namely coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and silymarin, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in ovariectomized rats. Female Long Evans rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): control, CCl4, CCl4 + CoQ10 (200 mg/kg), CCl4 + silymarin (140 mg/kg), Control + CoQ10, and Control + silymarin. Plasma and tissues from liver and kidney were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities using biochemical assays. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis were assessed by histological staining of tissue sections. Both CoQ10 and silymarin significantly lowered serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels that were detected to be higher in CCl4 rats compared to controls. Significant reduction in CCl4-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) was observed with both antioxidants. However, in control rats, CoQ10 and silymarin did not produce a significant effect. Histological analysis revealed that CCl4 markedly increased the level of inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues, but this was significantly reduced in CCl4 + CoQ10 and CCl4 + silymarin groups. Taken together, our results suggest that CoQ10 and silymarin can protect the liver against oxidative damage through improved antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation. Thus, supplementation of the aforementioned antioxidants may be useful as a therapeutic intervention to protect liver health in chronic liver diseases.
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Ngowi EE, Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khan NH, Khattak S, Zhang X, Li T, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564281. [PMID: 33364941 PMCID: PMC7751760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in H2S level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with H2S donors could restore H2S levels and improve renal functions. H2S donors suppress renal dysfunction by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, such as TRL4/NLRP3, AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the effects of H2S donors on the treatment of common renal diseases, including acute/chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and urolithiasis. Novel H2S donors can be designed and applied in the treatment of common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attia Afzal
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Diseases and Bio-Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Galal SM, Mansour HH, Elkhoely AA. Diallyl sulfide alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced nephropathic encephalopathy in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 30:208-218. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1695991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M. Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Mansour
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A. Elkhoely
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Faran SA, Asghar S, Khalid SH, Khan IU, Asif M, Khalid I, Gohar UF, Hussain T. Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Properties of Lovastatin-Loaded Ginger and Garlic Oil Nanoemulsomes: Insights into Serum Biological Parameters. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E579. [PMID: 31505863 PMCID: PMC6780118 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Dyslipidemia is gaining much attention among healthcare professionals because of its high association with the malfunctioning of a number of normal physiological and metabolic processes in the body. Obesity is directly interconnected with dyslipidemia and is said to be a denouement of hyperlipidemia and, if left untreated, may lead to intense damage to organs that are directly involved in fat metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic antiobesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities along with hepato- and renoprotective potential of nanoemulsomes (NES) of lovastatin (LTN)-loaded ginger (GR) and garlic (GL) oils. Materials and Methods: LTN nanoemulsomes co-encapsulated with GR oil and GL oil were prepared by a thin hydration technique. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were induced with hyperlipidemia via a high-fat diet (HFD) comprising 40% beef tallow. Body weight, serum biochemical lipid parameters, and those for liver and kidney functions, serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, HDL-C, TG, atherogenic index (AI), ALT, AFT, ALP, γ-GT, total protein (TP), serum albumin and globulin ratio (A/G), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood urea, and histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained liver and kidney sections of all aforementioned groups were examined in the treated animals. Results: Nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils provided synergistic effects with LTN, exerted better ameliorative actions in reducing serum TC, LDL-C, vLDL-C, triglycerides, and AI, and improved serum HDL-C levels. Serum ALT, AST, ALP, and γ-GT levels were in the normal range for nanoemulsome groups. H&E stained liver and kidney sections of these animals confirmed better hepatoprotective and renoprotective effects than LTN alone. Serum biochemical parameters for renal functions also claimed to be in the moderate range for nanoemulsome-treated groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that nanoemulsomes of LTN-loaded GR and GL oils synergistically provided better antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects as compared to LTN alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Faran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Haroon Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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Lee TW, Bae E, Kim JH, Jang HN, Cho HS, Chang SH, Park DJ. The aqueous extract of aged black garlic ameliorates colistin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Ren Fail 2019; 41:24-33. [PMID: 30714460 PMCID: PMC6366426 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1561375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of colistin in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections is restricted due to nephrotoxicity. We investigated the effects of aged black garlic extract (ABGE) on colistin-induced kidney injury in rats. Rats were assigned to four groups. Normal saline was intraperitoneally and intragastrically injected for control group. ABGE was intragastrically injected for garlic group. Ten mg/kg of colistin was intraperitoneally injected for 6 consecutive days for colistin group. One percent of ABGE was done 30 min prior to colistin injection for treatment group. Rats were sacrificed on the next day after last colistin injection. Colistin injection increased the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine; however, ABGE prevented deterioration of these serum levels. ABGE also alleviated tubular damage, including vacuolation and necrosis. TUNEL-positive cells were observed less frequently for the ABGE-treated groups. CD68 positive cells were significantly decreased by pretreatment with ABGE. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde were lower in the ABGE-treated groups. Levels of NF-κB, inducible NO synthase, COX-2, and TGF-β1 were lower in rats that had been treated with ABGE injection. Renal levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were increased by colistin administration whereas renal SOD, catalase, and GSH levels were restored by ABGE administration. These results suggest that ABGE, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, might be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent renal toxicity of colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Bae
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Republic of Korea.,c Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Nee Jang
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seop Cho
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ho Chang
- c Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea.,d Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Park
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea.,c Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju , Republic of Korea
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Hydrogen Sulfide in Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051438. [PMID: 29751631 PMCID: PMC5983690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environments occurring during kidney development may produce long-term programming effects, namely renal programming, to create increased vulnerability to the development of later-life hypertension and kidney disease. Conversely, reprogramming is a strategy aimed at reversing the programming processes in early life, even before the onset of clinical symptoms, which may counter the rising epidemic of hypertension and kidney disease. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter, plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and renal physiology. This review will first present the role of H2S in the renal system and provide evidence for the links between H2S signaling and the underlying mechanisms of renal programming, including the renin–angiotensin system, oxidative stress, nutrient-sensing signals, sodium transporters, and epigenetic regulation. This will be followed by potential H2S treatment modalities that may serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. These H2S treatment modalities include precursors for H2S synthesis, H2S donors, and natural plant-derived compounds. Despite emerging evidence from experimental studies in support of reprogramming strategies targeting the H2S signaling pathway to protect against hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins, these results need further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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8
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Hassan HM, Yousef BA, Guo H, Xiaoxin L, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Investigating the CYP2E1 Potential Role in the Mechanisms Behind INH/LPS-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:198. [PMID: 29563874 PMCID: PMC5850051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases that affected humankind and remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases that could be considered as global emergency, but the discovery and development of isoniazid (INH) in the 1950s paved the way to an effective single and/or combined first-line anti-TB therapy. However, administration of INH induces severe hepatic toxicity in some patients. Previously, we establish a rat model of INH hepatotoxicity utilizing the inflammatory stress theory, in which bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentially enhanced INH toxicity. These enhancing activities ranged between augmenting the inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, alteration of bile acid homeostasis, and CYP2E1 over-expression. Although pre-treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) helped overcome both inflammatory and oxidative stress which ended-up in alleviation of LPS augmenting effects, but still minor toxicities were being detected, alongside with CYP2E1 over expression. This finding positively indicated the corner-stone role played by CYP2E1 in the pathogenesis of INH/LPS-induced liver damage. Therefore, we examined whether INH/LPS co-treatment with CYP2E1 inhibitor diallyl sulfide (DAS) and DEX can protect against the INH/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results showed that pre-administration of both DAS and DEX caused significant reduction in serum TBA, TBil, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis showed that DAS and DEX could effectively reverse the liver lesions seen following INH/LPS treatment and protect against hepatic steatosis as indicated by absence of lipid accumulation. Pre-treatment with DAS alone could not completely block the CYP2E1 protein expression following INH/LPS treatment, as appeared in the immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry results. This is probably due to the fact that the combined enhancement activities of both INH and LPS on CYP2E1 protein expression levels might resist the blocking probabilities of DAS. In the meantime, addition of DEX to the DAS/INH/LPS combination caused a significant reduction in CYP2E1 protein expression as revealed by the immunoblotting and fading coloration in immunohistochemistry results. Thus, addition of DEX and DAS together caused strong protection against INH/LPS-induced hepatic damage. These findings reveal the potential therapeutic value of combining DAS and DEX with INH in TB management for reducing the potential risk and incidences of hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozeifa M Hassan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Bashir A Yousef
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hongli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Xiaoxin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Aycan-Ustyol E, Kabasakal M, Bekpinar S, Alp-Yıldırım FI, Tepe O, Giris M, Ozluk Y, Unlucerci Y, Uydes-Dogan BS, Uysal M. Vascular function and arginine and dimethylarginines in gentamicin-induced renal failure: a possible effect of heme oxygenase 1 inducer hemin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1406-1413. [PMID: 28489953 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and disturbance in nitric oxide bioavailability lead to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complication in renal disease. Gentamicin (GM), a commonly used antibiotic, exhibits a toxic effect on renal proximal tubules. Prevention of its nephrotoxicity is important. Therefore, we investigated whether heme oxygenase 1 HO-1) induction influenced kidney and vascular function in GM-administered rats. GM (100 mg·kg-1·day-1; i.p.) was given to rats alone or together with hemin (20 mg·kg-1 on alternate days; i.p.) for 14 days. Plasma and kidney l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) as well as kidney 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Histopathological examinations of kidney and relaxation and contraction responses of aorta were also examined. GM increased serum SDMA, urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels and caused histopathological alterations in the kidney. GM elevated HO-1 protein and mRNA expressions, 4-HNE level, and MPO activity and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and l-arginine levels in the kidney. Decreased relaxation and contraction were detected in the aorta. Hemin restored renal oxidative stress and inflammatory changes together with vascular dysfunction, but did not affect SDMA, BUN, or creatinine levels. We conclude that HO-1 induction may be effective in improving renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction mediated by GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aycan-Ustyol
- a Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Kabasakal
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seldag Bekpinar
- a Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Ilkay Alp-Yıldırım
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Tepe
- c Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Giris
- a Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- c Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Unlucerci
- a Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Sonmez Uydes-Dogan
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mujdat Uysal
- a Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Suman S, Shukla Y. Diallyl Sulfide and Its Role in Chronic Diseases Prevention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:127-144. [PMID: 27771923 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl sulfide (C6H10S, DAS) is one of the novel natural organosulfur compounds, which is mostly obtained from the genus Allium plants. Numerous studies have revealed several unique properties of DAS in terms of its health-promoting effects. DAS has proved to be anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulatory like unique functions as demonstrated by the multiple investigations. Diallyl sulfide can also impede oxidative stress and chronic inflammation as suggested by the literature. Studies also explored that DAS could thwart the development of chronic diseases like cancer, neuronal, cardiovascular disease through modulating mechanistic pathways involved in pathogenesis. In this book chapter, we have attempted to give the comprehensive view on DAS about the physiochemical and biological properties, and its preventive role in chronic diseases with a mechanistic overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31, Vish Vigyan Bhawan, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 31, Vish Vigyan Bhawan, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Abdel-Daim MM, Abdou RH. Protective Effects of Diallyl Sulfide and Curcumin Separately against Thallium-Induced Toxicity in Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199917 PMCID: PMC4503852 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thallium acetate (TI) is a cumulative poison intimately accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that represents an important risk factor for tissue injury and malfunction. This study aims to determine the possible hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) from garlic and curcumin from turmeric against TI-induced liver injury and oxidative stress (OS) in rats. This in vivo animal study divided rats into six groups of 8 rats per group. The first group received saline and served as the control group. The second and third groups received DAS or curcumin only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The fourth group received TI at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days. The fifth and sixth groups received DAS or curcumin orally 1 hour before TI intoxication at the same dose as the second and third groups. Liver integrity serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) were evaluated. Serum and liver tissue homogenate lipid peroxidation and OS biomarkers were measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test for post hoc analysis using SPSS version 16. TI induced marked oxidative liver damage as shown by significantly (P≤0.05) elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and γ-GT levels. There were significant (P≤0.05) increases in serum and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum nitric oxide (NO) as well as decreased hepatic glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activities. There were significantly (P≤0.05) less serum and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pre-treatment with DAS or curcumin ameliorated the changes in most studied biochemical parameters. DAS and curcumin effectively reduced TI-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rania H Abdou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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12
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Shin HS, Yu M, Kim M, Choi HS, Kang DH. Renoprotective effect of red ginseng in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1147-60. [PMID: 25111692 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of renal tubular cells is known to be a major mechanism of renal injury. Red ginseng extract (RGE) has been reported to possess antioxidant and immune-modulatory activities. We investigated the effect of RGE on gentamicin (GM)-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cultured renal tubular cells and animal model of GM-induced AKI. GM induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and mitochondrial oxidation in NRK-52E cells that were ameliorated with RGE. GM-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells, which was associated with an increased expression of mitochondrial Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-9 and -3, along with a decrease in bcl-2 expression, was also blocked by RGE. In an animal model of GM-induced AKI, RGE treatment significantly attenuated renal dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and tubular damage. RGE ameliorated ROS production in rats with GM-induced AKI, as demonstrated by an increase in the reduced form of glutathione in renal cortex and a decrease in urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Our results suggest that RGE protects the kidney from GM-induced AKI via the mechanism of modulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Hur E, Garip A, Camyar A, Ilgun S, Ozisik M, Tuna S, Olukman M, Narli Ozdemir Z, Yildirim Sozmen E, Sen S, Akcicek F, Duman S. The effects of vitamin d on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in experimental rat model. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:313528. [PMID: 23843788 PMCID: PMC3697300 DOI: 10.1155/2013/313528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Acute kidney injury (AKI) pathogenesis is complex. Findings of gentamicin nephrotoxicity are seen in 30% of the AKI patients. Vitamin D has proven to be effective on renin expression, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D in an experimental rat model of gentamicin-induced AKI. Methods. Thirty nonuremic Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Control group, 1 mL saline intramuscular (im) daily; Genta group, gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day (im); Genta + vitamin D, gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day (im) in addition to 1 α , 25 (OH)2D3 0.4 mcg/kg/day subcutaneously for 8 days. Blood pressures and 24-hour urine were measured. Blood urea and creatinine levels and urine tubular injury markers were measured. Renal histology was semiquantitatively assessed. Results. Urea, creatinine and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1 were all increased in Genta group indicating AKI model. Systolic blood pressure decreased, but urine volume and glutathione increased in Genta + Vit D group compared to Control group. Histological scores indicating tubular injury increased in Genta and Genta + Vit D groups. Conclusions. Vitamin D does not seem to be effective on histological findings although it has some beneficial effects via RAS system and a promising effect on antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Hur
- Department of Nephrology, Bulent Ecevit University Medical School, Esenkoy, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
- *Ender Hur:
| | - Alev Garip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asuman Camyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ilgun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melih Ozisik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sena Tuna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Olukman
- Department of Pharmacology, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Narli Ozdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Sait Sen
- Department of Pathology, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Akcicek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Soner Duman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University Medical School, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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Ramakrishna V, Gopi S, Setty OH. Protective effect of Hemidesmus indicus L. R. Br. against bromobenzene-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:567-80. [PMID: 22745071 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmus indicus (HI) is used in ancient Indian traditional herbal medicine to treat hepatic and renal disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of HI aqueous extract against bromobenzene induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat kidneys. Rats were administered bromobenzene with or without prior administration of HI or vitamin E. At the end of the experiment animals were sacrificed and kidneys were obtained to study mitochondrial function, oxidative stress parameters and histopathology. Administration of bromobenzene caused significant changes like: decrease in the mitochondrial respiration and P/O ratios, increase in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, and decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in mitochondria with significant histopathological changes in the kidney. Prior administration of HI extract showed a significant protection against bromobenzene induced changes in the kidney and this effect is attributed to the antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of the HI. The protection was much better with HI compared to vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadde Ramakrishna
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
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15
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Ali BH, Al Za’abi M, Blunden G, Nemmar A. Experimental Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity and Agents that Modify it: A Mini-Review of Recent Research. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 109:225-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Wu Y, Connors D, Barber L, Jayachandra S, Hanumegowda UM, Adams SP. Multiplexed assay panel of cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells for detection of renal proximal tubule injury potential of compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Diallyl sulfide enhances antioxidants and inhibits inflammation through the activation of Nrf2 against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 606:162-71. [PMID: 19374873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of diallyl sulfide (DAS) in attenuating gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity has been reported earlier. However, the mechanism of induction of antioxidants by DAS in nephrotoxicity remains elusive. This study is aimed to elucidate the role of a transcription factor, Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in inducing antioxidants and phase II enzymes during gentamicin toxicity in Wistar rats. DAS was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 150 mg/kg body weight once daily for 6 days. Gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight, once daily for 6 days. Gentamicin-induced rats showed a significant increase in the levels of kidney markers and the activities of urinary marker enzymes, which was reversed upon treatment with DAS. A significant increase in kidney myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was observed in gentamicin-induced rats, which was reduced upon treatment with DAS. Gentamicin-induced rats also showed a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR) in rat kidney, which was increased upon treatment with DAS. Immunohistochemical studies in gentamicin-induced rats demonstrated a marked increase in the immunoreactivity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear transcription factor (NF-kappaB) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) that were reduced after treatment with DAS. Further, the involvement of Nrf2 in antioxidant induction was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. To conclude, DAS enhances antioxidants and suppresses inflammatory cytokines through the activation of Nrf2, thereby protecting the cell against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin.
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18
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Hassan HA, El-Agmy SM, Gaur RL, Fernando A, Raj MHG, Ouhtit A. In vivo evidence of hepato- and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:249-55. [PMID: 19305642 PMCID: PMC2659008 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), a food color fixative and preservative, contributes to carcinogenesis. We investigated the protective role of garlic oil against NaNO2-induced abnormalities in metabolic biochemical parameters and oxidative status in male albino rats. NaNO2 treatment for a period of three months induced a significant increase in serum levels of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, urea and creatinine as well as hepatic AST and ALT. However, significant decrease was recorded in liver ALP activity, glycogen content, and renal urea and creatinine levels. In parallel, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, and a decrease in glutathione content and catalase activity were observed in the liver and the kidney. However, garlic oil supplementation showed a remarkable amelioration of these abnormalities. Our data indicate that garlic is a phytoantioxidant with powerful chemopreventive properties against chemically-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A Hassan
- 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherif M El-Agmy
- 1. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rajiv L Gaur
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Augusta Fernando
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Madhwa HG Raj
- 3. Department of Ob Gyn and Biochemistry, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- 2. Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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19
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Abdel-Raheem IT, Abdel-Ghany AA, Mohamed GA. Protective Effect of Quercetin against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:61-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kalayarasan S, Sriram N, Sudhandiran G. Diallyl sulfide attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: critical role of iNOS, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Life Sci 2008; 82:1142-53. [PMID: 18462759 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diallylsulfide (DAS), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent was evaluated for its ability to repress lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin in Wistar rats. A single intra tracheal administration of bleomycin (6.5 U/kg BW) was administered to pulmonary fibrosis group, while DAS (120 mg/kg BW) was administered intraperitoneally throughout the experimental period. Fibrotic changes in the lungs were estimated by measuring lung hydroxyproline content. Bleomycin administration significantly (P<0.05) reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the lung tissues. Bleomycin caused a significant decrease in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), which was accompanied with significant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, in the lung tissues. An increase in the level of cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed in bleomycin induced group. DAS administration altered the levels of enzymic antioxidants, TBARS, MPO and GSH towards normal values. Histopathological analysis and picrosirius red staining showed an increased collagen deposition in rats receiving bleomycin alone that was decreased upon DAS treatment. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that DAS reduced the bleomycin-induced activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) and decreased the augmented levels of the early inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in the lung tissues. The present study provides evidence that DAS might serve as a novel target for the therapeutic treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Kalayarasan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil nadu, India
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21
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Sener G, Sakarcan A, Yegen BC. Role of garlic in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 51:1345-52. [PMID: 17966137 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Garlic in different forms has antioxidant properties. These properties are shown to be due to the existence of compounds such as water soluble organosulfur compounds, S-allylcysteine and lipid soluble compounds like diallyl sulfide. The in vivo and in vitro ischemia reperfusion studies showed that prophylactic administration of aqueous garlic prior to ischemia reperfusion inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent depletion in glutathione through its compounds that led to functional recovery. Its ability to inhibit neutrophil migration could suppress fibrosis formation. These preventive effects are seen in models that studied organs such as kidney and liver with functional recovery. Organ system specific activity such as angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibiting activity contributes to a cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering effect. Future studies should focus on post ischemia reperfusion administration of garlic to explore its rescue potential rather than prophylactic impact. Bench research findings should be translated into clinical use through human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Sener
- Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Ototoxicity and noise trauma: electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, cell signaling, electrical effects, and protection by antioxidants: practical medical aspects. Med Hypotheses 2007; 70:914-23. [PMID: 17977665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ototoxins are substances of various structures and classes. This review provides extensive evidence for involvement of electron transfer (ET), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) as a unifying theme. Successful application is made to the large majority of ototoxins, as well as noise trauma. We believe it is not coincidental that these toxins generally incorporate ET functionalities (quinone, metal complex, ArNO(2), or conjugated iminium) either per se or in metabolites, potentially giving rise to ROS by redox cycling. Some categories, e.g., peroxides and noise, appear to operate via non-ET routes in generating OS. These highly reactive entities can then inflict injury via OS upon various constituents of the ear apparatus. The theoretical framework is supported by the extensive literature on beneficial effects of antioxidants, both for toxins and noise. Involvement of cell signaling and electrical effects are discussed. This review is the first comprehensive one based on a unified mechanistic approach. Various practical medical aspects are also addressed. There is extensive documentation for beneficial effects of antioxidants whose use might be recommended clinically for prevention of ototoxicity and noise trauma. Recent research indicates that catalytic antioxidants may be more effective. In addition to ototoxicity, a widespread problem consists of ear infections by bacteria which are demonstrating increasing resistance to conventional therapies. A recent, novel approach to improved drugs involves use of agents which inhibit quorum sensors that play important roles in bacterial functioning. Prevention of ear injury by noise trauma is also discussed, along with ear therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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23
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Sarwar Alam M, Kaur G, Jabbar Z, Javed K, Athar M. Eruca sativa seeds possess antioxidant activity and exert a protective effect on mercuric chloride induced renal toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:910-20. [PMID: 17207565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)) is a well-known nephrotoxic agent. Increasing number of evidences suggest the role of oxidative stress in HgCl(2) induced nephrotoxicity. Eruca sativa is widely used in folklore medicines and has a good reputation as a remedy of renal ailments. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of E. sativa seeds was determined and its protective effect on HgCl(2) induced renal toxicity was investigated. The extract was found to possess a potent antioxidant effect, with a large amount of polyphenols and a high reducing ability. HPLC analysis of the extract revealed glucoerucin and flavonoids to be the major antioxidants present in it. E. sativa extract significantly scavenged several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Feeding of the extract to rats afforded a significant protection against HgCl(2) induced renal toxicity. Subcutaneous administration of 4 mg/kg body weight HgCl(2) induced renal injury evident as a marked elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, and histopathological changes such as necrosis, oedema and congestion of stroma and glomeruli. Oxidative modulation of renal tissues following HgCl(2) exposure was evident from a significant elevation in lipid peroxidation and attenuation in glutathione (GSH) contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes viz., catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). Oral administration of E. sativa extract to rats at a dose regimen: 50-200 mg/kg body weight for 7 days prior to HgCl(2) treatment significantly and dose dependently protected against alterations in all these diagnostic parameters. The data obtained in the present study suggests E. sativa seeds to possess a potent antioxidant and renal protective activity and preclude oxidative damage inflicted to the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sarwar Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India.
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Pari L, Murugavel P, Sitasawad SL, Kumar KS. Cytoprotective and antioxidant role of diallyl tetrasulfide on cadmium induced renal injury: An in vivo and in vitro study. Life Sci 2007; 80:650-8. [PMID: 17125799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial pollutant that affects various organs in humans and animals. A body of evidence has accumulated implicating the free radical generation with subsequent oxidative stress in the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity. Since kidney is the critical target of Cd toxicity, we carried out this study to investigate the effects of diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic on Cd induced toxicity in the kidney of rats and also in the kidney cell line (vero cells). In experimental rats, subcutaneous administration of Cd (3 mg/kg bw/day) for 3 weeks induced renal damage, which was evident from significantly increased levels of serum urea and creatinine with significant decrease in creatinine clearance. A markedly increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) and protein carbonyl contents with significant decrease in nonenzymic antioxidants (total sulphydryl groups, reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) and enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) as well as glutathione metabolizing enzymes (glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were also observed in Cd intoxicated rats. Coadministration of DTS (40 mg/kg bw/day) and Cd resulted in the reversal of the kidney function accompanied by a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in the antioxidant defense system. In vitro studies with vero cells showed that incubation of DTS (5-50 microg/ml) with Cd (10 microM) significantly reduced the cell death induced by Cd. DTS at 40 microg/ml effectively blocked the cell death and lipid peroxidation induced by Cd (10 microM) indicating its cytoprotective property. Further, the flow cytometric assessment on the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species using a fluorescent probe 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) confirmed the Cd induced intracellular oxidative stress in vero cells, which was significantly suppressed by DTS (40 microg/ml). The histopathological studies in the kidney of rats also showed that DTS (40 mg/kg bw/day) markedly reduced the toxicity of Cd and preserved the architecture of renal tissue. The present study suggests that the cytoprotective potential of DTS in Cd toxicity might be due to its antioxidant and metal chelating properties, which could be useful for achieving optimum effects in Cd induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar -- 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
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Wang Z, Liu L, Mei Q, Liu L, Ran Y, Zhang R. Increased expression of heat shock protein 72 protects renal proximal tubular cells from gentamicin-induced injury. J Korean Med Sci 2006; 21:904-10. [PMID: 17043427 PMCID: PMC2722003 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.5.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been widely recognized. Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) has been reported to be a cytoprotectant. However, its cytoprotective effect against GM induced kidney injury has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of HSP72 on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Human Kidney tubular cell line, HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: control group, GM group (cells incubated with GM only), heat shock (HS) group (cells incubated at 43 degrees C for 30 min), and GM plus HS group, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased time-dependently from 24 hr to 96 hr compared to the data of cells treated with GM only. Results of NAG activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were similar to that of the LDH release. The amount of HSP72 positive cells increased significantly at 72 hr after cells were treated with GM only. Both HSP72 protein and gene expression increased significantly at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM. On the other hand, HS induced HSP72 expression markedly. Pretreatment of HS inhibited HK-2 cells from GM-induced injury. It could reduce LDH release and NAG activity. HS also increased SOD activity, and decreased MDA content when cells were damaged by GM. These findings suggested that HS may protect kidney cells from GM-induced injury. Pre-induction of HSP72 may provide therapeutic strategies for nephrotoxicity induced by GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuhua Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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27
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Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Medina-Campos ON, Avila-Lombardo R, Berenice Zúñiga-Bustos A, Orozco-Ibarra M. Reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of different cooked garlic preparations. Life Sci 2006; 78:761-70. [PMID: 16107264 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It was studied if the ability of aqueous garlic extracts to scavenge superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and hydroxyl radical (OH(*)) is altered in the following aqueous preparations: (a) extracts of boiled garlic cloves (BG), (b) extracts of microwave-treated garlic cloves (MG), and (c) extracts of pickled garlic (PG), and heated extracts of (a) garlic powder (HGP) and (b) raw garlic (HRG). The data were compared with the unheated raw garlic (RG) or with the unheated garlic powder (GP). Extracts of GP and RG scavenged O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and OH(*) in a concentration-dependent way. The reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity was not decreased in the aqueous garlic extracts except in MG and HRG (for O(2)(*-)) and in HGP and PG (for H(2)O(2)). The heating before or after garlic cutting was unable to eliminate the capacity of the extracts to scavenge H(2)O(2), O(2)(*-), and OH(*).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México.
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Bates CM, Lin F. Future strategies in the treatment of acute renal failure: growth factors, stem cells, and other novel therapies. Curr Opin Pediatr 2005; 17:215-20. [PMID: 15800415 DOI: 10.1097/01.mop.0000156269.48510.4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute renal failure remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiology of acute renal failure, little progress has been made in its treatment. This review assesses the recent data on current and promising new therapies for acute renal failure. RECENT FINDINGS The first section of the review describes the recent therapies that have been used in humans, all of whom have been adults. The second section evaluates the use of agents given in experimental animal models during or after the onset of acute renal failure. The third section describes the many animal studies using therapies before the onset of experimental renal failure. The final section discusses how the emerging field of stem cell research might be used to treat acute renal failure. SUMMARY Among the recent studies in humans, the most intriguing have been the use of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with nonoliguric renal failure and isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusions to prevent radiocontrast medium-induced renal failure. Among the agents used in animal studies, those with the greatest potential were hepatocyte growth factor and ethyl pyruvate, because they seem to protect against or accelerate recovery from acute renal failure after the renal insult. Finally, stem cell therapy may someday offer the best option for recovery from acute renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton M Bates
- Center for Cell and Vascular Biology, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
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Maldonado PD, Chánez-Cárdenas ME, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Aged garlic extract, garlic powder extract, S-allylcysteine, diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide do not interfere with the antibiotic activity of gentamicin. Phytother Res 2005; 19:252-4. [PMID: 15934032 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that aged garlic extract (AGE), garlic powder and the following garlic-derived compounds: S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), ameliorate gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. However, it was not established if the above mentioned extracts and compounds of garlic could interfere with the antibiotic action of GM. To address this point, AGE, garlic powder extract (GPE), SAC, DAS and DADS were assessed for their ability to interfere with the in vitro antibiotic activity of GM in Escherichia coli cultures. It was found that the above mentioned extracts and compounds of garlic were unable to decrease the antibiotic capacity of GM and even SAC, DAS and DADS alone inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and enhanced the antibiotic effect of GM. Our data show that SAC, DAS and DADS are antibacterial compounds against E. coli and suggest that AGE, GPE, SAC, DAS and[sol ]or DADS may be administered along with GM-treatment to ameliorate GM-induced nephrotoxicity without interfering with its antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla D Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Dr Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, México
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Pedraza-Chaverrí J, Gil-Ortiz M, Albarrán G, Barbachano-Esparza L, Menjívar M, Medina-Campos ON. Garlic's ability to prevent in vitro Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum is preserved in heated garlic: effect unrelated to Cu2+-chelation. Nutr J 2004; 3:10. [PMID: 15341661 PMCID: PMC519022 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown that several extracts and compounds derived from garlic are able to inhibit Cu2+-induced low density lipoprotein oxidation. In this work we explored if the ability of aqueous garlic extract to prevent in vitro Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum is affected by heating (a) aqueous garlic extracts or (b) garlic cloves. In the first case, aqueous extract of raw garlic and garlic powder were studied. In the second case, aqueous extract of boiled garlic cloves, microwave-treated garlic cloves, and pickled garlic were studied. It was also studied if the above mentioned preparations were able to chelate Cu2+. Methods Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum was followed by the formation of conjugated dienes at 234 nm and 37°C by 240 min in a phosphate buffer 20 mM, pH 7.4. Blood serum and CuSO4 were added to a final concentration of 0.67% and 0.0125 mM, respectively. The lag time and the area under the curve from the oxidation curves were obtained. The Cu2+-chelating properties of garlic extracts were assessed using an approach based upon restoring the activity of xanthine oxidase inhibited in the presence of 0.050 mM Cu2+. The activity of xanthine oxidase was assessed by monitoring the production of superoxide anion at 560 nm and the formation of uric acid at 295 nm. Data were compared by parametric or non-parametric analysis of variance followed by a post hoc test. Results Extracts from garlic powder and raw garlic inhibited in a dose-dependent way Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation. The heating of garlic extracts or garlic cloves was unable to alter significantly the increase in lag time and the decrease in the area under the curve observed with the unheated garlic extracts or raw garlic. In addition, it was found that the garlic extracts were unable to chelate Cu2+. Conclusions (a) the heating of aqueous extracts of raw garlic or garlic powder or the heating of garlic cloves by boiling, microwave or pickling do not affect garlic's ability to inhibit Cu2+-induced lipoprotein oxidation in human serum, and (b) this ability is not secondary to Cu2+-chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Mariana Gil-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Gabriela Albarrán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Laura Barbachano-Esparza
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Marta Menjívar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
| | - Omar N Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Edificio B, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., México
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