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Lokhande M, Kannusamy S, Oak A, Cheulkar S, Chavan S, Mishra V, Gode P, Thakadiyil AS, Mendhe S, Kadam S, Balasubramaniam G, Chaturvedi P, Dikshit R. A hospital-based study of survival in oral cancer patients of Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1669. [PMID: 38439812 PMCID: PMC10911663 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral cancer represents a significant global public health concern, with the death rate for lip and oral cavity malignancies experiencing a 1.40-fold increase worldwide in the past three decades. This retrospective study aimed to comprehensively understand overall survival (OS) and the influence of sociodemographic and clinical factors on patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer. Materials and methods The study focused on oral cancer patients enrolled in 2016 and treated at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, with a follow-up period extending to 5 years until 2021. Utilising the Kaplan-Meier technique and log-rank test, we examined OS and variations based on sociodemographic factors, while the Cox proportional hazard model allowed us to investigate the simultaneous impact of multiple factors on OS. Results A total of 1,895 eligible participants were included. The overall 5-year survival rate was 65%. After adjusting for age, gender, education, primary site, tumour grade, TNM staging, treatment intention, status and modality, we found in our study oral cancer patients aged more than 60 years (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01-1.85, p-value 0.03), patients who had poorly differentiated carcinoma (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.56-3.81, p-value < 0.001), belonged to stage IV as per TNM staging (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.65-3.61, p-value < 0.001), patient who have received partial treatment (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.65-3.61, p-value < 0.001) and only chemotherapy (HR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.43-5.23, p-value < 0.001) found to have a higher hazard of dying while literate (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.95, p-value 0.02) are protective. Limitations The retrospective nature of the study posed constraints in exploring additional variable associations. Implication Overall early detection, appropriate treatment, and regular follow-up are critical for improving the survival rate of patients with oral cavity cancer. Conclusion This research proposes that improving the socioeconomic status and promoting proactive treatment-seeking behaviour is crucial for enhancing the survival of oral cancer patients. Cancer hospitals, in collaboration with the wider public healthcare system in India, which includes clinicians and policymakers, should consider these suggestions to enhance cancer treatment and control in low-middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lokhande
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
- https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2587-7188
| | - Sivaranjini Kannusamy
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Amey Oak
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
- https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1893-4191
| | - Sandhya Cheulkar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shalmali Chavan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Varsha Mishra
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pragati Gode
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Aijimol S Thakadiyil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saket Mendhe
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Supriya Kadam
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
- Division of Cancer Care, Hospital Cancer Registries and Survival Studies, Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai 400094, India
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Rich BJ, Samuels SE, Azzam GA, Kubicek G, Freedman L. Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Review of Pathology, Diagnosis, and Management. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:5-24. [PMID: 38683151 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity presents a significant global health burden, primarily due to risk factors such as tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and betel quid chewing. Common clinical manifestations of oral cavity cancer include visible lesions and sores, often accompanied by pain in advanced stages. Diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment involving detailed history, physical examination, and biopsy. Ancillary imaging studies and functional evaluations aid in accurate staging and facilitate treatment planning. Prognostic information is obtained from histopathological factors, such as tumor grade, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. Notably, lymph node metastasis, found in approximately half of the patients, carries significant prognostic implications. Effective management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes. Surgical resection is the backbone of treatment, aimed at complete tumor removal while preserving functional outcomes. Adjuvant therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, are tailored according to pathological factors. Further work in risk stratification and treatment is necessary to optimize outcomes in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory A Azzam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Gregory Kubicek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Laura Freedman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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Iida Y, Okada S, Irifune Y, Goto S, Ishida K, Sato F, Yurikusa T, Asakura K, Tsuzuki A, Mukaigawa T. Clinicopathological Features of Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Focus on Patients Who Never Smoke and Never Drink. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 27:e551-e558. [PMID: 37876683 PMCID: PMC10593528 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral carcinoma has been reported at a substantial proportion in patients who never smoke and never drink. However, the proportion may vary by subsite and ethnicity. Objective We aimed to determine the clinicopathological features of buccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a Japanese population. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients diagnosed with buccal SCC at our institution from September 2002 to November 2015. We reviewed the gender, age, tumor status, treatment, smoking, alcohol drinking, multiple primary cancers, and prognosis of the patients. The overall and cause-specific survival rates were calculated, and the effects of clinicopathological variables were assessed by univariate analysis. Furthermore, the cause of death was evaluated. Results Among the 63 patients (men: 38; women: 25) included in the present study, 29 (46.0%) never smoked or drank. Women were almost 5 years older than men ( p = 0.014). The number of women in the group who never smoked or drank was disproportionately higher than that of those in the smoker or drinker groups ( p < 0.001). In total, 29 patients (46.0%) had 59 multiple primary cancers, including 26 oral cancers. Surgeries and radiotherapy were performed in 57 (90.5%) and 6 (9.5%) cases, respectively. The 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 74.6 and 78.8%, respectively. Conclusion Our study confirms that buccal SCC may develop in older adult Japanese patients, especially in women who have never smoked or drank. These patients could be at risk for second primary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Iida
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Iida ENT Clinic, Toride, Japan
| | - Shinichi Okada
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Yuki Irifune
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Seiya Goto
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ishida
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Takashi Yurikusa
- Division of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Koiku Asakura
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuzuki
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Takashi Mukaigawa
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Sunto-gun, Japan
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Jaiswal SY. Physiotherapy for Trismus Using Rocabado Exercises Following Mandibulectomy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e31293. [PMID: 36514584 PMCID: PMC9733712 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity. Since it spreads and metastasizes more quickly than any other form of glabrous skin carcinoma, SCC of the lips seems to be more harmful. This report highlights the case of a 67-year-old man who underwent a mandibulectomy for lip SCC, subsequently having complaints of severe trismus and jaw pain, dysarthria, and difficulty drinking water. The patient's symptoms and trismus improved significantly via a course of physiotherapy. Six weeks of physiotherapy with various interventions such as mouth opening and closing exercises along with tongue protrusion, lower limb and upper limb passive movements, breathing exercises, lower limb mobility exercises, speech therapy, static shoulder exercises, static gluteus exercises, static hamstring exercise, and static quadriceps exercises, shoulder shrugs, neck isometrics, and shoulder-scapular sets, including goldfish exercises and Rocabado exercises may be helpful for managing symptoms such as trismus and other associative problems such as maintaining circulation and avoiding compensatory posture, pulmonary complications, and secondary complications, which may be helpful for managing the patient after mandibulectomy.
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Outcome Analysis of Advanced Oral Cancers Requiring Large Composite Fibular Osteocutaneous Flap Reconstruction: Experience From a Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital. Ann Plast Surg 2022; 88:635-640. [PMID: 35502967 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced oral cancer entailing extensive resection of large parts of the mucosa, bone, and skin require reconstructions with composite free flaps. Our aim was to analyze the outcomes of those oral squamous cell carcinomas requiring fibular osteocutaneous free flaps with large skin defects. METHODS Perioperative course and histopathological and survival outcomes of 246 consecutive patients warranting composite fibular flaps from January 2010 to June 2015 at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Despite majority of T4 disease (88.2%) and stage IV disease (92%) patients, the 5-year overall survival was 52.1% and the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 48.6% with a median follow-up of 42 months with minimal complications. CONCLUSIONS Reconstruction with composite fibular osteocutaneous flaps has comparable outcomes of survival with acceptable complications in mega oral squamous cell carcinomas requiring extensive resection.
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Mahajan A, Suthar M, Agarwal U, Shukla S, Thiagarajan S, Sable N. Imaging-based T stage (iT) as a predictive and prognostic marker for outcome in T4 stage tongue carcinomas: A narrative review. CANCER RESEARCH, STATISTICS, AND TREATMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_132_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Bobdey S, Sathwara J, Jain A, Saoba S, Balasubramaniam G. Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: An analysis of prognostic factors. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:49-54. [PMID: 29600236 PMCID: PMC5865098 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_317_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome and evaluate prognostic factors in surgically treated buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the medical records of 409 pathologically proven buccal mucosa cancer patients, who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tata Memorial Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2008. Results: The overall 5-year survival of the cohort was found to be 54.1%. The stage-wise survival rate for tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) Stage I, II, III, and IV patients was found to be 85.2%, 82.9%, 56.3%, and 42.6% (P < 0.00), respectively. On multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the presence of comorbidity, histological tumor size, pathological lymph node status, tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread were found to be independently associated with overall survival. Conclusion: BMSCC is an aggressive malignant tumor. In addition to TNM classification, other clinical and pathological factors also have a significant role in BMSCC prognostication. Hence, there is a need to move beyond TNM and develop a more inclusive, flexible, and easy to use prognostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bobdey
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jignasa Sathwara
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aanchal Jain
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushma Saoba
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Balasubramaniam
- Department of Medical Records, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Patel KB, Martin D, Zhao S, Kumar B, Carrau R, Ozer E, Agrawal A, Kang S, Rocco JW, Schuller D, Teknos T, Brock G, Old M. Impact of age and comorbidity on survival among patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2020; 43:268-277. [PMID: 32996249 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and to stratify patients according to significant prognostic variables. METHODS A retrospective study of 274 consecutive patients with primary Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazard models, and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were used for analysis of OS. These results were further validated using National Cancer Database cohort of 21 895 patients. RESULTS Median OS was 3.65 years. T-classification and N-classification, alcoholic beverages/week, age, and adjuvant treatment were significant predictors of OS. RPA identified high-risk subpopulations: N0-1 patients with CCI ≥ 4.5 and N2-3 patients ordered by those not receiving adjuvant treatment, those with T3-4 disease despite adjuvant therapy, and those having T1-2 disease with adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study utilized significant prognostic indicators and RPA to highlight the importance of age, N-classification, T-classification, comorbidity, and adjuvant therapy in conjunction with American Joint Committee on Cancer staging to improve preoperative counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupal B Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrau
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Enver Ozer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David Schuller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Theodoros Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Five- and ten-year survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in northern Thailand: a multivariate analysis. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396920000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAim:To report 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and identify prognostic factors.Methods:Data on 2,095 patients at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand between 2007 and 2014 were analysed using the Kaplan–Meyer method to estimate 5- and 10-year OS rates. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to assess the independent prognostic factors of survival.Results:8·7% had hypopharyngeal cancer, 19·7% laryngeal, 53·3% oral cavity and 18·3% oropharyngeal. Two-thirds of the patients had locally advanced stage (III–IVB). Five- and ten-year OS rates were 30·1 and 22·8%, respectively.Conclusions:Cancer site, stage and age at diagnosis were associated with mortality, highlighting the importance of prevention and early detection.
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Haron N, Zain RB, Ramanathan A, Abraham MT, Liew CS, Ng KG, Cheng LC, Husin RB, Chong SMY, Thangavalu LA, Mat A, Ismail HB, Mahalingam SA, Cheong SC. m-Health for Early Detection of Oral Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Telemed J E Health 2019; 26:278-285. [PMID: 31081720 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Up to 86% of oral cancer (OC) patients present at the late stage where survival is dismal. Limited access to specialist diagnosis is a significant factor for late presentation. The increasing use of smartphones presents an opportunity to use digital technology to facilitate early detection of OC. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of using Mobile Mouth Screening Anywhere (MeMoSA®) to facilitate early detection of OC. Methods: A mobile phone app named MeMoSA was developed and the feasibility of integrating this for documentation of oral lesions, and communication between dentists and specialists for management decisions were evaluated. The experience of dentists and specialists in using MeMoSA was determined using qualitative questionnaires. Results: Communication between specialist and dentists using MeMoSA stratified cases and streamlined referral of patients. Twelve of 48 patients were found to have oral lesions or signs suspicious of cancer and 3 required referrals. The patient's compliance for referral was tracked with MeMoSA. All dentists agreed that MeMoSA could facilitate early detection of OC and believed that MeMoSA could assist in the identification of oral mucosal lesions through direct communication with specialists and continuous learning in the recognition of high-risk lesions. Conclusions: MeMoSA has the potential to be used to promote equitable health care and streamline patient management that could result in early detection of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabihah Haron
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Faculty of Dentistry, Saujana Putra Campus, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Oral Surgery Clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Chee Sun Liew
- Data Intensive Computing Centre, Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng Ghee Ng
- Data Intensive Computing Centre, Research Management and Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Choo Cheng
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Sherrie Mei Yee Chong
- Oral Surgery Clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Azizah Mat
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Thavarool SB, Muttath G, Nayanar S, Duraisamy K, Bhat P, Shringarpure K, Nayak P, Tripathy JP, Thaddeus A, Philip S, B S. Improved survival among oral cancer patients: findings from a retrospective study at a tertiary care cancer centre in rural Kerala, India. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:15. [PMID: 30635062 PMCID: PMC6330462 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is very common in India. The reported 5-year survival of such patients is around 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. METHODS A retrospective study of a prospective database of oral cancer patients undergoing surgery from June 2009 to June 2013 was conducted. Follow-up details were updated from case records and by phone calls. Data were double entered in EpiData Entry version 3.1 and were analysed using EpiData Analysis software 2.1.0.73. RESULTS Two-hundred and twenty patients were analysed (136 males); 85% were consuming tobacco, mainly in chewable form. The majority (51.1%) had tongue cancer, of whom 75 patients (34.1%) had T4 tumours. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 108 patients (49.1%). Forty had recurrence, of which 23 were in early stage. Of these, 19 showed node positivity (p < 0.01). Node-negative patients had 79% 5-year survival while node positive had 59% which is comparable to that reported in developed countries. Median disease-free survival duration was 48.2 months. CONCLUSIONS Node positivity is the single factor affecting recurrence and survival. The overall survival and disease-free survival is better in patients without lymph node involvement and in patients with early stage of cancer as compared to the patients with node involvement and in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith Babu Thavarool
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala 670 103 India
| | - Geetha Muttath
- Radiation Oncology, Malabar Cancer Center, Thalassery, Kerala India
| | | | | | - Prasanth Bhat
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Health, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Kalpita Shringarpure
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyakanta Nayak
- PATH, Department of International Development, India Country Programme, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sairu Philip
- Department of Community Medicine, Government T.D. D Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala India
| | - Satheesan B
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala 670 103 India
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Exploring determinants of care-seeking behaviour of oral cancer patients in India: A qualitative content analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 53:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Economic burden of cancer in India: Evidence from cross-sectional nationally representative household survey, 2014. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193320. [PMID: 29481563 PMCID: PMC5826535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing demographic and epidemiological transition, cancer is emerging as a major public health concern in India. This paper uses nationally representative household survey to examine the overall prevalence and economic burden of cancer in India. The age-standardized prevalence of cancer is estimated to be 97 per 100,000 persons with greater prevalence in urban areas. The evidence suggests that cancer prevalence is highest among the elderly and also among females in the reproductive age groups. Cancer displays a significant socioeconomic gradient even after adjusting for age-sex specifics and clustering in a multilevel regression framework. We find that out of pocket expenditure on cancer treatment is among the highest for any ailment. The average out of pocket spending on inpatient care in private facilities is about three-times that of public facilities. Furthermore, treatment for about 40 percent of cancer hospitalization cases is financed mainly through borrowings, sale of assets and contributions from friends and relatives. Also, over 60 percent of the households who seek care from the private sector incur out of pocket expenditure in excess of 20 percent of their annual per capita household expenditure. Given the catastrophic implications, this study calls for a disease-based approach towards financing such high-cost ailment. It is suggested that universal cancer care insurance should be envisaged and combined with existing accident and life insurance policies for the poorer sections in India. In concluding, we call for policies to improve cancer survivorship through effective prevention and early detection. In particular, greater public health investments in infrastructure, human resources and quality of care deserve priority attention.
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Pal US, Singh M, Kumar L, Verma P, Singh RK, Kumar S, Agarwal GG, Asthana A. An epidemiological survey in hospital setup in Lucknow district: A cross-sectional study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2017; 7:173-177. [PMID: 28356689 PMCID: PMC5357919 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_72_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer reported globally which includes lip, tongue, mouth, and throat. Developing countries face several challenges to identify and remove potential risk factors. Chewing tobacco/pan masala is considered to be the most potential risk factor for oral precancerous lesions and oral cancer. Objective: To study the clinical-epidemiological profile of oral cancer cases and potential risk factor associated with it. Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional study which includes all major tertiary hospital in Lucknow district. Five hundred and eight cases of oral cancer reported in all major tertiary hospitals in Lucknow district during 2013–2016. Study Variable: Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of oral cancer cases. Statistical Analysis: percentages, proportions. Results: Out of 508 cases, majority of the subjects included in the study belonged to 18–75 years age group. Reported cases of oral cancer in males were higher as compared to females. Most of the subjects belonged to lower middle and upper lower socioeconomic group. It was found that 199 (39.2%) subjects consumed smokeless tobacco. Buccal mucosa was the common site of oral cancer being present in 50.4% of the subjects. Histopathologically, 256 cases of buccal mucosa, 17 cases of lip, 33 cases of alveolar region, 16 cases of mandible region, 156 cases of tongue region, 7 cases of gingival buccal sulcus region, and 23 cases of palate were diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: In the present study, the most affected site was buccal mucosa (50.4%), tongue (30.7%), and other diagnosis was <10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Shanker Pal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshya Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Verma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- Department of CTVS, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G G Agarwal
- Department of Statics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Asthana
- Department of Statics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Martinez VD, MacAulay CE, Guillaud M, Lam WL, Zhang L, Corbett KK, Rosin MP. Targeting of chemoprevention to high-risk potentially malignant oral lesions: challenges and opportunities. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:1123-30. [PMID: 25240917 PMCID: PMC4539364 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, oral cancer is responsible for 170,000 deaths per year. Intervention to prevent this disease is a long sought after goal. Chemoprevention studies have focused on clinicopathological features of potentially malignant lesions (PML) in an effort to prevent their progression to cancer. However, prediction of future behavior for such lesions is difficult and remains a major challenge to such intervention. Different approaches to this problem have been tested in the past 20years. Early genetic progression models identified critical regions of allelic imbalance at 3p and 9p, and provided the basis for molecular markers to identify progressing PMLs. Subsequently, technological advances, such as genome-wide high-throughput array platforms, computer imaging, visualization technology and next generation sequencing, have broadened the scope for marker development and have the potential of further improving our ability to identify high-risk lesions in the near future either alone or in combination. In this article, we examine the milestones in the development of markers for PML progression. We emphasize the critical importance of networks among scientists, health professionals and community to facilitate the validation and application of putative markers into clinical practice. With a growing number of new agents to validate, it is necessary to coordinate the design and implementation of strategies for patient recruitment, integration of marker assessment, and the final translation of such approaches into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Martinez
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Calum E MacAulay
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Martial Guillaud
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lewei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kitty K Corbett
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miriam P Rosin
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Cancer Control Research, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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Rath GK, Parikh PM, Hukku S, Rajan B, Kumar S, Malhotra H, Vuthaluru S, Sharma DN, Vora A, Shukla DK, Kaur T, Gandhi AK. Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document for the management of buccal mucosa cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35:136-9. [PMID: 25197174 PMCID: PMC4152629 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.138953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Purvish M Parikh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Precision Medicine and Clinical Research, Asian Institute of Oncology, Somaiya Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Shelley Hukku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Balakrishnan Rajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Hemant Malhotra
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, RK Birla Cancer Center, SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Seenu Vuthaluru
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daya Nand Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amish Vora
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tanvir Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Cho JJ, Chae JI, Yoon G, Kim KH, Cho JH, Cho SS, Cho YS, Shim JH. Licochalcone A, a natural chalconoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root, induces apoptosis via Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:667-74. [PMID: 24858379 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA), a chalconoid derived from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, has been known to possess a wide range of biological functions such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, antiparasitic, anti-oxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anticancer effects of LCA on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been reported. Our data showed that LCA inhibited OSCC cell (HN22 and HSC4) growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was mediated via downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression and subsequent regulation of Sp1 downstream proteins such as p27, p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and survivin. Here, we found that LCA caused apoptotic cell death in HSC4 and HN22 cells, as characterized by sub-G1 population, nuclear condensation, Annexin V staining, and multi-caspase activity and apoptotic regulatory proteins such as Bax, Bid, Bcl(-xl), caspase-3 and PARP. Consequently, this study strongly suggests that LCA induces apoptotic cell death of OSCC cells via downregulation of Sp1 expression, prompting its potential use for the treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jae Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Diagnostic modalities for squamous cell carcinoma: an extensive review of literature-considering toluidine blue as a useful adjunct. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2014; 14:188-200. [PMID: 26028834 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-014-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas have been considered as the most prevalent malignancies in the head and neck region and are frequently undiagnosed until symptomatic with an advanced stage of disease. So there is an urgent need to device methods for the detection of oral premalignant lesions and oral cancer at an early stage in order to improve the survival rate for patients. A number of tests have been done for the detection of oral cancer which include oral brush biopsy, the Vizilite, oral autofluorescence including chemiluscence, photodynamic detection, toluidine blue staining, methylene blue staining, incisional biopsy and many more. MATERIAL The article reviews various diagnostic modalities available at present for detection of squamous cell carcinomas and oral epithelial dysplasias based on advanced PUBMED search of the English language literature from the year 1972 to present in order to help us select the most suitable among them fulfilling the desired criteria of being non-invasive, highly specific and sensitive, economically viable, having a scope to be used for mass screening, easy to process, having low inter examiner variability and possibly not requiring high expertise to conduct and interpret the results. CONCLUSION After reviewing various diagnostic modalities, we conclude that toluidine blue staining emerges as a clear winner among all these and it can act as a valuable adjunct to incisional biopsy in detection of oral cancer and may not substitute it except in certain circumstances when its results are carefully correlated with the patient history and clinical characteristics of the mucosal disorder, considering the fact that incisional biopsy has been reported to cause dissemination of cancer cells in the circulation there by increasing the possibility of metastasis. We must emphasize that toludine blue is a screening modality and not a diagnostic procedure like biopsy and hence cannot replace a confirmatory biopsy as a whole.
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Monteiro LS, Amaral JB, Vizcaíno JR, Lopes CA, Torres FO. A clinical-pathological and survival study of oral squamous cell carcinomas from a population of the North of Portugal. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e120-6. [PMID: 24121907 PMCID: PMC4015041 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to analyze the clinical, pathological, and outcome characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) from a population of the North of Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a descriptive study of 128 OSCC diagnosed between the years of 2000 and 2010 in the Centro Hospitalar do Porto. Through of the review of the clinical records we studied several clinical, pathological, and outcome variables. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox regression method was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Of 128 patients with OSCC, 83 (64.8%) were male and 45 (35.2%) were female, (mean age of 62.13±15.57 years). The most affected location was the tongue (n=52; 40.6%). The most common cause of reference was a non-healing ulcer (n=35; 28.9%) followed by oral pain (n=27; 22.3%). Sixty (60.6%) patients were tobacco consumers and 55 (57.3%) alcohol consumers. The cumulative 3-years OS rate was 58.6% and DFS was 55.4%. In multivariable analysis for OS, we found an adverse independent prognostic value for advanced tumour size (p<0.001) and for the presence of perineural permeation (p=0.012). For DFS, advanced stage tumours presented adverse independent prognostic value (p<0.001). CONCLUSION OSCC occurred most frequently in males, in older patients, and in patients with tobacco and/or alcohol habits. TNM and tumour stage additionally to the perineural permeation were the most important prognostic factor for the survival of these patients, contributing to identify high-risk subgroups and to guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-S Monteiro
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Norte, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal,
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Kong DCH, Chew KYC, Tan EL, Khoo SP. The effect of epiregulin on epidermal growth factor receptor expression and proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:65. [PMID: 25866477 PMCID: PMC4392732 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epiregulin (EPR) is a novel member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. It has been shown to promote wound healing in oral epithelium, enhance proliferation of other epithelial tissues, and is involved in several epithelial-related malignancies such as colorectal, lung, and bladder carcinoma. More recently, EPR transcripts were found to be high in a study on archival oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens. This implies that EPR may be responsible for the progression of OSCC. The aim of this was to elucidate the effects of EPR on (i) cell morphological changes, (ii) cell proliferation and (iii) receptor expression of the H-series OSCC cell lines. Methods The clinicopathological origin and the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB4 receptors of the H-series cell lines were initially characterised. Based on these parameters, two of the H-series cell lines, namely H103 and H357 were selected for downstream experiments. The cell lines were treated with 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, and 20 ng/ml of EPR for 24 and 48 hours in all subsequent experiments. Untreated cells acted as the control which was used for comparison with each treated group. The cell morphological changes, cell proliferation and receptor expression of the OSCC cell lines were evaluated using phase contrast microscopy, 5-bromo-2’-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) assays and flow cytometry respectively. The results were compared and analysed using the student t-test. Results There were no appreciable morphological changes in the cells regardless of the dose of EPR tested nor between the different timelines. There were no significant changes in cell proliferation after EPR treatment. As for the effect of EPR on receptor expression, 20 ng/ml of EPR significantly reduced the density of EGFR expression (p value = 0.049) in the H103 cell line after the 24-hour treatment. No other statistically significant changes were detected. Conclusions The results show that EPR had no effect on the morphology and proliferativity of OSCC cells. However, the significant decline in EGFR expression after EPR treatment suggests that EPR might play an important role in the regulation of EGFR expression and hence OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eng Lai Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Larizadeh MH, Shabani M. Survival following non surgical treatments for oral cancer: a single institutional result. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4133-6. [PMID: 23098530 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To report the results of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in the patients with oral cancer. METHODS Over the 2003-2009 periods, a total number of 69 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity that refused surgery or had unresectable tumor were enrolled in this study. A total dose of 60 to 70 Gy (2 Gy per day) was given to the primary tumor and clinically positive nodes. In the patients with locoregionally advanced disease (57 patients with T3, T4 lesions and/ or N+) induction chemotherapy following by concomitant chemoradiation was used. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of Cisplatin and 5-Flourouracil with or without Docetaxel. Weekly cisplatin was used in concomitant protocol. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for comparison purposes. RESULTS Median follow-up was 32 months. The mean age of the patients was 59.2 years. The overall response rate after induction chemotherapy was 68.4%. Actuarial overall survival rates after 2 and 3 years were 38% and 26%, respectively. Clinical stage emerged as the only independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSION Outcome of the patients with oral cancer is poor. Presenting with an advanced stage lesion contributed to this result. The role of chemotherapy in advanced cases remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Larizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
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Pruegsanusak K, Peeravut S, Leelamanit V, Sinkijcharoenchai W, Jongsatitpaiboon J, Phungrassami T, Chuchart K, Thongsuksai P. Survival and prognostic factors of different sites of head and neck cancer: an analysis from Thailand. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:885-90. [PMID: 22631666 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers are prevalent in Thailand, in particular in the southern region of the country. However, survival with a large data set has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the survival figures and the prognostic factors in a cohort of patients treated in a university hospital located in the south of Thailand. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive new cases of primary carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharyx, hypopharynx and larynx, treated at Songklanagarind Hospital during 2002 to 2004, were analyzed. The 5-year overall survival rates were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified through multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total 1,186 cases were analyzed. Two-thirds (66.6%) of the cases were at advanced stage (stage III and IV) at presentation. The five-year overall survivals for the whole cohort, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were 24.1%, 25.91%, 19.2%, 13.4%, 38.0% respectively. Stage and treatment type were strong prognostic factors for all sites. An age ≥80 years was associated with poor survival in oral cavity and larynx cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed remarkably poor outcomes of the patients in the series, indicating a strong need to increase the proportion of early stage presentations and maximize the treatment efficacy to improving outcomes. Very old patients are of particular concern for treatment care of oral cavity and larynx cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Pruegsanusak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Poh CF, MacAulay CE, Laronde DM, Williams PM, Zhang L, Rosin MP. Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions: diagnosis and screening in a technical era. Periodontol 2000 2011; 57:73-88. [PMID: 21781180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth: analysis of survival rate and independent prognostic factors in the Amazon region. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:925-30. [PMID: 21558919 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e31820fe1cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 95% of all malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity. Although several studies have shown the epidemiology of this cancer in Brazil, there do not seem to be any studies that describe the prognostic factors related to OSCC in the Amazon region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the survival rate and prognostic significance of different factors in patients from this region affected by OSCC. Data from 85 patients with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth identified from the Ofir Loyola Hospital archives were collected and analyzed using univariate (log-rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazard model) tests. The overall 5-year survival rate was found to be 27%. Univariate analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher for younger (≤ 45 y) female patients, patients with T1-2 tumors and clinically clear neck nodes (N0), patients with early stage cancers (AJCC stage I-II), and patients treated with surgical procedures. However, multivariate analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher only in the younger patients and those who underwent surgical treatment. The age of the patient at the moment of diagnosis and treatment with surgical procedures were the only independent prognostic factors that affected the 5-year survival rate of the patients in this region.
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Mathew A, Daniel CR, Ferrucci LM, Seth T, Devesa SS, George PS, Shetty H, Devasenapathy N, Yurgalevitch S, Rastogi T, Prabhakaran D, Gupta PC, Chatterjee N, Sinha R. Assessment of follow-up, and the completeness and accuracy of cancer case ascertainment in three areas of India. Cancer Epidemiol 2011; 35:334-41. [PMID: 21621499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prospective study of diet and cancer has not been conducted in India; consequently, little is known regarding follow-up rates or the completeness and accuracy of cancer case ascertainment. METHODS We assessed follow-up in the India Health Study (IHS; 4671 participants aged 35-69 residing in New Delhi, Mumbai, or Trivandrum). We evaluated the impact of medical care access and relocation, re-contacted the IHS participants to estimate follow-up rates, and conducted separate studies of cancer cases to evaluate registry coverage (604 cases in Trivandrum) and the accuracy of self- and proxy-reporting (1600 cases in New Delhi and Trivandrum). RESULTS Over 97% of people reported seeing a doctor and 85% had lived in their current residence for over six years. The 2-year follow-up rate was 91% for Trivandrum and 53% for New Delhi. No cancer cases were missed among public institutions participating in the surveillance program in Trivandrum during 2003-2004; but there are likely to be unmatched cases (ranging from 5 to 13% of total cases) from private hospitals in the Trivandrum registry, as there are no mandatory reporting requirements. Vital status was obtained for 36% of cancer cases in New Delhi as compared to 78% in Trivandrum after a period of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS A prospective cohort study of cancer may be feasible in some centers in India with active follow-up to supplement registry data. Inclusion of cancers diagnosed at private institutions, unique identifiers for individuals, and computerized medical information would likely improve cancer registries.
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Jan JC, Hsu WH, Liu SA, Wong YK, Poon CK, Jiang RS, Jan JS, Chen IF. Prognostic factors in patients with buccal squamous cell carcinoma: 10-year experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 69:396-404. [PMID: 21238843 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa accounts for 23% to 37% of all intraoral cancer cases in Taiwan. Because of the high recurrence rate and invasive tumor behavior, the prognosis is generally poor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinicopathologic factors on survival rates for patients with buccal SCC in a medical center in central Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 1995 and December 2002, patients admitted to hospital and diagnosed as having buccal SCC were enrolled in the study. There were 415 patients (406 men and 9 women) 25 to 84 years old (mean age, 51.1 ± 11.4 years). The chart records were retrospectively reviewed. Relevant clinical features in each patient, such as primary tumor size, tumor stage, initial treatment modalities, surgical margin status, cervical nodal metastasis status, and histopathologic grade, were compared for survival analysis. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-four patients received surgical intervention. Univariate analysis of relevant prognostic factors showed that positive surgical margin, positive cervical nodal metastasis, positive extracapsular spread, larger tumor, and advanced tumor stage were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified the factors that independently influenced the survival rate as advanced stage disease (stage III: relative risk [RR], 3.09; P = .006; stage IV: RR, 4.64; P < .001), positive surgical margin (RR, 2.02; P = .001), and extracapsular spread of cervical lymph node metastasis (RR, 6.89; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest series in the literature and highlights the importance of tumor stage, surgical margin status, and extracapsular spread of cervical nodal metastasis as the most important prognostic factors in patients with buccal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Chuan Jan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Treatment delay in oral and oropharyngeal cancer in our population: the role of socio-economic factors and health-seeking behaviour. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 63:145-50. [PMID: 22468251 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to assess the role of socio-economic factors and health-seeking behavior in treatment delay in oral and oropharyngeal cancer in our population. This article adapts-design: prospective study and setting: tertiary care centre. We studied 153 patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were managed in the department of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery between January 2006 and December 2007. There were 127 male patients (83%) and 26 females (17%) with ages ranging from 22 years to 70 years. Fifty-nine patients (39%) presented to us with early stage disease (i.e. stage I and II), whereas, 94 patients (61%) presented with late stage disease (i.e. stage III and IV). Of the 59 patients presenting with early stage disease, 20 were illiterate and 39 literate with 28 patients (47%) belonging to low socio-economic status and 32 patients (54%) having an access to primary health centre (PHC). Of the 94 patients presenting with late stage disease, 53 were illiterate and 41 literate with 58 patients (62%) belonging to low socio-economic status and 38 patients (40%) having an access to primary health centre. Literacy, socio-economic status, access to primary health centre and health-seeking behavior of our population has a significant association with the stage of presentation of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
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Patil A, Prabhu V, Choudhari KS, Unnikrishnan VK, George SD, Ongole R, Pai KM, Shetty JK, Bhat S, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Evaluation of high-performance liquid chromatography laser-induced fluorescence for serum protein profiling for early diagnosis of oral cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:067007. [PMID: 21198211 DOI: 10.1117/1.3523372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with the evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography laser-induced fluorescence (HPLC-LIF) technique developed in our laboratory for early detection of oral cancer from protein profiles of body fluids. The results show that protein profiles of serum samples from a given class of samples, say, normal, premalignant, or malignant, are statistically very close to each other, while profiles of members of any class are significantly different from other classes. The performance of the technique is evaluated by the use of sensitivity and specificity pairs, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and Youden's Index. The technique uses protein profile differences in serum samples, registered by the HPLC-LIF technique. The study is carried out using serum samples from volunteers diagnosed as normal or premalignant clinically, and as malignant by histopathology. The specificities and sensitivities of the HPLC-LIF method at an ideal threshold (M-distance = 2) for normal, malignant, and premalignant classes are 100, 69.5, and 61.5%, and 86.5, 87.5, and 87.5% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeetkumar Patil
- Manipal University, Centre for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal-576 104, India
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The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:79-87. [PMID: 19374030 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e32832771da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the literature on toluidine blue (TBlue) and to discuss the utility of TBlue in assessing and in clinical management of patients with oral mucosal lesions. The literature search was conducted using key word search including oral cancer, oral premalignant lesions, and TBlue and by selecting references from the articles reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS The findings of this review show that TBlue has utility as an adjunct in the detection of premalignant and malignant oral mucosal lesions and in identifying high-risk areas of lesions for biopsy in patients at increased risk of cancer when evaluated by experienced healthcare workers. SUMMARY TBlue positive lesions, whether histologically benign or with dysplasia, predict molecular change and behavior of oral premalignant lesions. TBlue may provide information regarding lesion margins, accelerate the decision to biopsy, guide biopsy site selection and treatment of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. These findings support the utility of TBlue as a clinical adjunct in assessment of oral mucosal lesions.
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31
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Gao N, Li Y, Li LJ, Wen YM. Clinical analysis of head and neck cancer cases in south-west China 1953 - 2002. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:189-97. [PMID: 19215690 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of head and neck cancers varies worldwide. This study retrospectively analysed the incidence and types of 8646 cases of head and neck cancers in south-west China that were treated at the West China Stomatology Hospital of Sichuan University between 1953 and 2002. Overall mean patient age was 50.3 years and the overall male:female ratio was 2.38:1; mean age increased and the male:female ratio decreased over the study period. Peak incidence occurred between the ages of 40 and 60 years. Primary tumours most frequently developed in the tongue, followed by the bucca and gingiva. Histologically, squamous cell carcinomas were most frequently recorded. The parotid gland and palate were the most common locations for salivary gland tumours. Over the study period the incidence of head and neck cancers increased with time and the rate of increase was greater in females than males. The frequency of histological types and topography were similar to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pathak KA, Nason R, Talole S, Abdoh A, Pai P, Deshpande M, Chaturvedi P, Chaukar D, D'Cruz A, Bhalavat R. Cancer of the buccal mucosa: a tale of two continents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 38:146-50. [PMID: 18760901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa in North America is thought to be different from that in the Indian subcontinent. This study compared the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 64 patients with SCC of the buccal mucosa treated at Cancer Care Manitoba (CCMB), Canada, and 64 similar patients treated at the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), India. Overall, cause-specific and disease-free survival for the two geographical groups were calculated and the impact of individual prognostic factors on survival was assessed. CCMB patients were significantly older (p<0.001), had less differentiated tumour (p=0.053) and had higher chances of positive or close surgical margins (p=0.012). At 5 years, they had lower 5-year overall survival (57.4% versus 80.1%; p<0.001), cancer-specific survival (76.4% versus 85.0%; p=0.043) and disease-free survival (42.9% versus 66.4%; p=0.004). Age had an independent influence on overall survival and cause-specific survival. After adjusting for age there was no difference in cause-specific survival between the two groups (HR=1.20; 95% CI=0.46,3.17; p=0.710). The apparent survival difference between the CCMB and TMH patients was due to the difference in the age of presentation and not because of different biological behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Pathak
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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Pathak K, Nason R, Talole S, Abdoh A. Are buccal cancers in India and Canada any different? J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:529-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sargeran K, Murtomaa H, Safavi SMR, Vehkalahti MM, Teronen O. Survival after diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 46:187-191. [PMID: 18096283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this retrospective study we analysed the survival in 470 patients with oral cancer. Patients who attended five university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during the period 1996-2002 were included. Data were obtained from a combination of sources including patients' records, telephone calls, and deaths registered by the Ministry of Health. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Maier curves. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the relations between survival and age, sex, site of primary tumour, stage, and histopathological type were made using the log-rank test and Cox's regression analysis. Sex and age were not associated with survival. Treatment and stage of tumour at the time of diagnosis were related to survival. The overall survival rates were higher in patients with stages I or II cancer than those in stages III (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.8 to 4.4) or IV (OR=4.6, 95% CI=3.1 to 6.8) at the time of diagnosis. Patients treated with radiotherapy had lower survival than those who had been operated on and had radiotherapy or operation alone (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.7 to 4.5). There was no difference in survival depending on the histological type of tumour. To achieve higher survival, early detection and diagnosis of oral cancers should be emphasised in oral health programmes to improve public awareness and preventive activities among dentists in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Sargeran
- Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran; Iran Centre for Dental Research (ICDR), School of Dentistry, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Heikki Murtomaa
- Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Reza Safavi
- Iran Centre for Dental Research (ICDR), School of Dentistry, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Miira M Vehkalahti
- Department of Oral Public Health, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Teronen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Liao CT, Wang HM, Ng SH, Yen TC, Lee LY, Hsueh C, Wei FC, Chen IH, Kang CJ, Huang SF, Chang JTC. Good tumor control and survivals of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa treated with radical surgery with or without neck dissection in Taiwan. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:800-9. [PMID: 16458038 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the survival and prognostic factors in 232 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa (BSCC) treated with radical surgery with or without neck dissection (ND). The 5-year survivals for local, locoregional control, overall, disease-free, and disease-specific were demonstrated. Pathologic nodal status was the independent risk factor for local and locoregional control. Both pathologic nodal status and cell differentiation were the significant prognostic factors of disease-free survival. For cT1N0, 11.1% had neck metastases. All were tumor depth of > or =6 mm. Our result showed a relatively better tumor control and survivals in BSCC with radical surgery with or without ND. The possible reason may be due to the benefit from widely surgical resection with ND and post-operative radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy in those with risk factors. In treating early cT1N0, we suggest that elective ND is indicated only when tumor depth > or =6 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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36
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37
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Hsu ER, Gillenwater AM, Hasan MQ, Williams MD, El-Naggar AK, Richards-Kortum RR. Real-time detection of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in fresh oral cavity biopsies using a molecular-specific contrast agent. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:3062-71. [PMID: 16395711 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of individuals with high risk of developing head and neck squamous carcinoma should lead to decreased morbidity and increased survival. To aid in noninvasive early detection of oral neoplasia in vivo, we have developed a molecular-specific fluorescent contrast agent, consisting of a far-red fluorescent dye coupled to a monoclonal antibody targeted against the epidermal growth factor receptor. In our study, we used organ cultures of normal and neoplastic human oral tissue to evaluate the capabilities of using this contrast agent to enhance clinical diagnosis. Fresh tissue sections were prepared from 34 biopsies of clinically normal and abnormal oral mucosa from 17 consenting patients. Samples were exposed to contrast agent, rinsed and the presence of bound agent was detected using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Simple assays to assess cytotoxicity of the dye used in the agent and to determine labeling efficacy at physiologic temperatures were also performed. Results indicate that the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of samples with dysplasia and cancer are higher than that of the normal sample from the same patient, and that this increase in fluorescence could potentially be used in the early detection and delineation of premalignant lesions. Normal tissue could be distinguished from cancer or moderate dysplasia, using either the ratio of the MFI of abnormal to normal tissue or the MFI obtained from the epithelial surface. No detrimental effects from the dye were observed over a 4-day period. These results indicate that the use of this optical contrast agent could yield important clinical advantages for noninvasive early detection and molecular characterization of oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 77251, USA
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38
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Chang MC, Chiang CP, Lin CL, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Jeng JH. Cell-mediated immunity and head and neck cancer: with special emphasis on betel quid chewing habit. Oral Oncol 2005; 41:757-75. [PMID: 16109353 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) chewing is popular in Taiwan, India, and many southeast-Asian countries. BQ chewing has strong association with the risk of oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and oral cancer (OC). BQ components exhibit genotoxicity and may alter the structure of DNA, proteins and lipids, resulting in production of antigenicity. BQ ingredients are also shown to induce keratinocyte inflammation by stimulating the production of prostaglandins, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in keratinocytes. These events may provoke tissue inflammation, early cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and immune surveillance in BQ chewers. However, BQ components also directly affect the functional activities of immunocompotent cells, and moreover tumor cells may hypo-respond to the CMI via diverse mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis of lymphocytes, induction of production of suppressor T cells, downregulation of MHC molecules in tumor cells, etc. Clinically, an alteration in lymphocyte subsets, a decrease in total number of lymphocytes, and a reduction in functional activities of CMI have been observed in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TIL) in patients with OSF, OL or OC. Adaptation of tumor cells to immune system may promote clonal selection of resistant tumor cells, leading to immune tolerance. Future studies on effects of BQ components on CMI and humoral immunity in vitro and in vivo can be helpful for chemoprevention of BQ-related oral mucosal diseases. To elucidate how virus infection, tobacco, alcohol and BQ consumption, and other environmental exposure affect the immune status of patients with oral premalignant lesions or OC will help us to understand the immunopathogenesis of OC and to develop immunotherapeutic strategies for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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39
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Interim results from a screening trial say little about the efficacy of oral visual examination for reducing oral cancer mortality. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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