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Dai Y, Bo Y, Wang P, Xu X, Singh M, Jia L, Zhang S, Niu S, Cheng K, Liang J, Mu L, Geng K, Xia G, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Asynchronous embryonic germ cell development leads to a heterogeneity of postnatal ovarian follicle activation and may influence the timing of puberty onset in mice. BMC Biol 2022; 20:109. [PMID: 35550124 PMCID: PMC9101839 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian follicles, which are the basic units of female reproduction, are composed of oocytes and surrounding somatic (pre) granulosa cells (GCs). A recent study revealed that signaling in somatic preGCs controlled the activation (initial recruitment) of follicles in the adult ovaries, but it is also known that there are two waves of follicle with age-related heterogeneity in their developmental dynamics in mammals. Although this heterogeneity was proposed to be crucial for female reproduction, our understanding of how it arises and its significance is still elusive. Results In the current study, by deleting the key secreted factor KIT ligand from preGCs and analyzing the follicle cell developmental dynamics, we revealed distinct patterns of activation and growth associated with the two waves of follicles in mouse ovary. Our results confirmed that activation of adult wave follicles is initiated by somatic preGCs and dependent on the KIT ligand. By contrast, activation of first wave follicles, which are awakened from germ cells before follicle formation, can occur in the absence of preGC-secreted KIT ligand in postnatal ovaries and appears to be oocyte-initiated. We also found that the asynchronous activity of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3K) signaling and meiotic process in embryonic germ cells lead to the follicle heterogeneity in postnatal ovaries. In addition, we supplied evidence that the time sequence of embryonic germ cell development and its related first wave follicle growth are correlated to the time of puberty onset in females. Conclusion Taken together, our study provides evidence that asynchronous development of embryonic oocytes leads to the heterogeneity of postnatal ovarian follicle activation and development, and affects the timing of onset of puberty in females. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01318-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingnan Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Longzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shudong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaixin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kaiying Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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2
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Zhuan Q, Li J, Zhou G, Du X, Liu H, Hou Y, Wan P, Fu X. Procyanidin B2 Protects Aged Oocytes Against Meiotic Defects Through Cortical Tension Modulation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:795050. [PMID: 35464357 PMCID: PMC9024290 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.795050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in meiotic process are the main factors responsible for the decreased developmental competence in aged oocytes. Our recent research indicated that natural antioxidant procyanidin B2 (PCB2) promoted maturation progress in oocytes from diabetic mice. However, the effect of PCB2 on aging-induced chromosome abnormalities and the underlying mechanism have not been explored. Here, we found that PCB2 recovered aging-caused developmental arrest during meiotic maturation, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rate was significantly higher in aged oocytes treated with PCB2 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we discovered that cortical mechanics were altered during aging process, cortical tension-related proteins were aberrantly expressed in aged oocytes (P < 0.001). PCB2 supplementation efficaciously antagonized aging-induced decreased cortical tension (P < 0.001). Moreover, PCB2 restored spindle morphology (P < 0.01), maintained proper chromosome alignment (P < 0.05), and dramatically reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (P < 0.05) in aged oocytes. Collectively, our results reveal that PCB2 supplementation is a feasible approach to protect oocytes from reproductive aging, contributing to the improvement of oocytes quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhu Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihhotze, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangwei Fu
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3
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Grey C, de Massy B. Chromosome Organization in Early Meiotic Prophase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688878. [PMID: 34150782 PMCID: PMC8209517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of meiosis is the extensive reorganization of the genome at the prophase of the first meiotic division (prophase I). The first steps of this reorganization are observed with the establishment of an axis structure, that connects sister chromatids, from which emanate arrays of chromatin loops. This axis structure, called the axial element, consists of various proteins, such as cohesins, HORMA-domain proteins, and axial element proteins. In many organisms, axial elements are required to set the stage for efficient sister chromatid cohesion and meiotic recombination, necessary for the recognition of the homologous chromosomes. Here, we review the different actors involved in axial element formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mouse. We describe the current knowledge of their localization pattern during prophase I, their functional interdependence, their role in sister chromatid cohesion, loop axis formation, homolog pairing before meiotic recombination, and recombination. We also address further challenges that need to be resolved, to fully understand the interplay between the chromosome structure and the different molecular steps that take place in early prophase I, which lead to the successful outcome of meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Grey
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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He M, Zhang T, Zhu Z, Qin S, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhang X, Hu J, Wen J, Cai H, Xin Q, Guo Q, Lin L, Zhou B, Zhang H, Xia G, Wang C. LSD1 contributes to programmed oocyte death by regulating the transcription of autophagy adaptor SQSTM1/p62. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13102. [PMID: 32074399 PMCID: PMC7059144 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, the size of the initially established primordial follicle (PF) pool within the ovaries determines the reproductive lifespan of females. Interestingly, the establishment of the PF pool is accompanied by a remarkable programmed oocyte loss for unclear reasons. Although apoptosis and autophagy are involved in the process of oocyte loss, the underlying mechanisms require substantial study. Here, we identify a new role of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in controlling the fate of oocytes in perinatal mice through regulating the level of autophagy. Our results show that the relatively higher level of LSD1 in fetal ovaries sharply reduces from 18.5 postcoitus (dpc). Meanwhile, the level of autophagy increases while oocytes are initiating programmed death. Specific disruption of LSD1 resulted in significantly increased autophagy and obviously decreased oocyte number compared with the control. Conversely, the oocyte number is remarkably increased by the overexpression of Lsd1 in ovaries. We further demonstrated that LSD1 exerts its role by regulating the transcription of p62 and affecting autophagy level through its H3K4me2 demethylase activity. Finally, in physiological conditions, a decrease in LSD1 level leads to an increased level of autophagy in the oocyte when a large number of oocytes are being lost. Collectively, LSD1 may be one of indispensible epigenetic molecules who protects oocytes against preterm death through repressing the autophagy level in a time-specific manner. And epigenetic modulation contributes to programmed oocyte death by regulating autophagy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina He
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Zijian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Shaogang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Huarong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xinran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Han Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Qiliang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Qirui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
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5
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Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Primate Ovarian Aging. Cell 2020; 180:585-600.e19. [PMID: 32004457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging and female age-related fertility decline remain unclear. We surveyed the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of ovaries from young and aged non-human primates (NHPs) and identified seven ovarian cell types with distinct gene-expression signatures, including oocyte and six types of ovarian somatic cells. In-depth dissection of gene-expression dynamics of oocytes revealed four subtypes at sequential and stepwise developmental stages. Further analysis of cell-type-specific aging-associated transcriptional changes uncovered the disturbance of antioxidant signaling specific to early-stage oocytes and granulosa cells, indicative of oxidative damage as a crucial factor in ovarian functional decline with age. Additionally, inactivated antioxidative pathways, increased reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were observed in granulosa cells from aged women. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the cell-type-specific mechanisms underlying primate ovarian aging at single-cell resolution, revealing new diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for age-related human ovarian disorders.
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6
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Luteinizing Hormone Action in Human Oocyte Maturation and Quality: Signaling Pathways, Regulation, and Clinical Impact. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1223-1252. [PMID: 32046451 PMCID: PMC7190682 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian follicle luteinizing hormone (LH) signaling molecules that regulate oocyte meiotic maturation have recently been identified. The LH signal reduces preovulatory follicle cyclic nucleotide levels which releases oocytes from the first meiotic arrest. In the ovarian follicle, the LH signal reduces cyclic nucleotide levels via the CNP/NPR2 system, the EGF/EGF receptor network, and follicle/oocyte gap junctions. In the oocyte, reduced cyclic nucleotide levels activate the maturation promoting factor (MPF). The activated MPF induces chromosome segregation and completion of the first and second meiotic divisions. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the current understanding of human LH signaling regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by identifying and integrating the human studies on this topic. We found 89 human studies in the literature that identified 24 LH follicle/oocyte signaling proteins. These studies show that human oocyte meiotic maturation is regulated by the same proteins that regulate animal oocyte meiotic maturation. We also found that these LH signaling pathway molecules regulate human oocyte quality and subsequent embryo quality. Remarkably, in vitro maturation (IVM) prematuration culture (PMC) protocols that manipulate the LH signaling pathway improve human oocyte quality of cultured human oocytes. This knowledge has improved clinical human IVM efficiency which may become a routine alternative ART for some infertile patients.
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7
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Tanaka A, Watanabe S. Can cytoplasmic donation rescue aged oocytes? Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:128-139. [PMID: 30996676 PMCID: PMC6452014 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pregnancy and delivery rates following assisted reproductive technology (ART) start to decrease and that the miscarriage rate increases rapidly from 35 years old. The miscarriage rate exceeds 50% at 43 years old. The number of aneuploid fetuses in miscarriages increases according to female age, reaching more than 90% when women are over 40 years old. METHODS Different cytoplasmic donation technologies used to rescue aged oocytes with high percentage of aneuploidy were analyzed, and their efficacy compared. MAIN FINDINGS RESULTS Germinal vesicle transfer (GVT) might be superior to spindle chromosome transfer (ST) theoretically from the point of higher capability of rescuing the disjunction at meiosis I which cannot be helped by ST. However, actually, in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocyte after GVT has not yet been totally completed. ST among other nuclear donations showed the higher possibility to rescue them, due to the fact it does not require in vitro maturation and it has an ethical advantage over pronuclear transfer (PNT) which requires the destruction of an embryo. CONCLUSION Spindle chromosome transfer has the potential to rescue aged oocytes to some extent, but we have to continue the basic study further to establish the clinical application of cytoplasmic donation to rescue aged oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Saint Mother Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic and Institute for ARTFukuokaJapan
| | - Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Anatomical ScienceHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineAomoriJapan
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8
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Felipe-Medina N, Gómez-H L, Condezo YB, Sanchez-Martín M, Barbero JL, Ramos I, Llano E, Pendás AM. Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is not essential for mouse gametogenesis and fertility. Chromosoma 2019; 128:237-247. [PMID: 30887115 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is a deubiquitylating enzyme belonging to the USPs family with a transcription pattern restricted to the male germline. Since protein ubiquitination is an essential regulatory mechanism during meiosis, many efforts have been focused on elucidating the function of USP26 and its relationship with fertility. During the last decade, several studies have reported the presence of different polymorphisms in USP26 in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) or severe oligozoospermia suggesting that this gene may be associated with human infertility. However, other studies have revealed the presence of these and novel polymorphisms, including nonsense mutations, in men with normal spermatogenesis as well. Thus, the results remain controversial and its function is unknown. In the present study, we describe the in vivo functional analysis of mice lacking USP26. The phenotypic analysis of two different Usp26-null mutants showed no overt-phenotype with both males and females being fertile. Cytological analysis of spermatocytes showed no defects in synapsis, chromosome dynamics, DNA repair, or recombination. Histopathological analysis revealed a normal distribution and number of the different cell types in both male and female mice. Finally, normal counts were observed in fertility assessments. These results represent the first in vivo evidence showing that USP26 is not essential for mouse gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez-H
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yazmine B Condezo
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Martín
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus platform, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José Luis Barbero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Ramos
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Llano
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Alberto M Pendás
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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9
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Ishiguro K. The cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis. Genes Cells 2019; 24:6-30. [PMID: 30479058 PMCID: PMC7379579 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionary conserved multi-protein complex that plays a pivotal role in chromosome dynamics. It plays a role both in sister chromatid cohesion and in establishing higher order chromosome architecture, in somatic and germ cells. Notably, the cohesin complex in meiosis differs from that in mitosis. In mammalian meiosis, distinct types of cohesin complexes are produced by altering the combination of meiosis-specific subunits. The meiosis-specific subunits endow the cohesin complex with specific functions for numerous meiosis-associated chromosomal events, such as chromosome axis formation, homologue association, meiotic recombination and centromeric cohesion for sister kinetochore geometry. This review mainly focuses on the cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis, pointing out the differences in its roles from those in mitosis. Further, common and divergent aspects of the meiosis-specific cohesin complex between mammals and other organisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei‐ichiro Ishiguro
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and GeneticsKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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10
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Laissue P. The molecular complexity of primary ovarian insufficiency aetiology and the use of massively parallel sequencing. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:170-180. [PMID: 28743519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a frequently occurring pathology, leading to infertility. Genetic anomalies have been described in POI and mutations in numerous genes have been definitively related to the pathogenesis of the disease. Some studies based on next generation sequencing (NGS) have been successfully undertaken as they have led to identify new mutations associated with POI aetiology. The purpose of this review is to present the most relevant molecules involved in diverse complex pathways, which may contribute towards POI. The main genes participating in bipotential gonad formation, sex determination, meiosis, folliculogenesis and ovulation are described to enable understanding how they may be considered putative candidates involved in POI. Considerations regarding NGS technical aspects such as design and data interpretation are mentioned. Successful NGS initiatives used for POI studying and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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11
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Guo M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Feng L, Wang Z, Niu W, Du X, Tang W, Li Y, Wang C, Chen Z. Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 Mediates Progesterone-Induced Suppression of Oocyte Meiotic Prophase I and Primordial Folliculogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36869. [PMID: 27848973 PMCID: PMC5111101 DOI: 10.1038/srep36869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-timed progression of primordial folliculogenesis is essential for mammalian female fertility. Progesterone (P4) inhibits primordial follicle formation under physiological conditions; however, P4 receptor that mediates this effect and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we used an in vitro organ culture system to show that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) mediated P4-induced inhibition of oocyte meiotic prophase I and primordial follicle formation. We found that membrane-impermeable BSA-conjugated P4 inhibited primordial follicle formation similar to that by P4. Interestingly, PGRMC1 and its partner serpine1 mRNA-binding protein 1 were highly expressed in oocytes in perinatal ovaries. Inhibition or RNA interference of PGRMC1 abolished the suppressive effect of P4 on follicle formation. Furthermore, P4-PGRMC1 interaction blocked oocyte meiotic progression and decreased intra-oocyte cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in perinatal ovaries. cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP reversed P4–PGRMC1 interaction-induced inhibition of meiotic progression and follicle formation. Thus, our results indicated that PGRMC1 mediated P4-induced suppression of oocyte meiotic progression and primordial folliculogenesis by decreasing intra-oocyte cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Lizhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhengpin Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Development Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanbo Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Wang Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yuna Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, Peoples' Republic of China
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12
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Guo K, Li CH, Wang XY, He DJ, Zheng P. Germ stem cells are active in postnatal mouse ovary under physiological conditions. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:316-28. [PMID: 26916381 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Are active ovarian germ stem cells present in postnatal mouse ovaries under physiological conditions? STUDY FINDING Active ovarian germ stem cells exist and function in adult mouse ovaries under physiological conditions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In vitro studies suggested the existence of germ stem cells in postnatal ovaries of mouse, pig and human. However, in vivo studies provided evidence against the existence of active germ stem cells in postnatal mouse ovaries. Thus, it remains controversial whether such germ stem cells really exist and function in vivo in postnatal mammalian ovaries. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4)-MerCreMer transgenic mice were crossed with R26R-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) mice to establish a tamoxifen-inducible tracing system so that Oct4-expressing potential ovarian germ stem cells in young adult mice (5-6 weeks old) can be labeled with EYFP. The germ cell activities of DNA replication, mitotic division, entry into meiosis and progression to primordial follicle stage were investigated by means of immunofluorescent staining of ovarian tissues collected at different time points post-tamoxifen injection (1 day, 3 days, 2 months and 4 months). Meiosis entry and primordial follicle formation were also measured by EYFP-labeled single-cell RT-PCR. Germ cell proliferation and mitotic division were examined through 5-bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate incorporation assay. At each time point, ovaries from two to three animals were used for each set of experiment. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE By labeling the Oct4-expressing small germ cells and tracing their fates for up to 4 months, we observed persistent meiosis entry and primordial follicle replenishment. Furthermore, we captured the transient processes of mitotic DNA replication as well as mitotic division of the marked germ cells at various time periods after tracing. These lines of evidence unambiguously support the presence of active germ stem cells in postnatal ovaries and their function in replenishing primordial follicle pool under physiological conditions. Moreover, we pointed out that Oct4(+) deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl)(-) but not Oct4(+)Dazl(+) or Oct4(+) DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) Box Polypeptide 4 (Ddx4)(+) cells contain a population of germ stem cells in mouse ovary. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was conducted in mice. Whether or not the results are applicable to human remain unclear. The future work should aim at identifying the specific ovarian germ stem cell marker and evaluating the significance of these stem cells to normal ovarian function. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Clarifying the existence of active germ stem cells and their functional significance in postnatal mammalian ovaries could provide new insights in understanding the mechanism of ovarian aging and failure. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (grant number 2012CBA01300) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China to P.Z. (31571484). No competing interests are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Da-Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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13
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Crawley O, Barroso C, Testori S, Ferrandiz N, Silva N, Castellano-Pozo M, Jaso-Tamame AL, Martinez-Perez E. Cohesin-interacting protein WAPL-1 regulates meiotic chromosome structure and cohesion by antagonizing specific cohesin complexes. eLife 2016; 5:e10851. [PMID: 26841696 PMCID: PMC4758955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wapl induces cohesin dissociation from DNA throughout the mitotic cell cycle, modulating sister chromatid cohesion and higher-order chromatin structure. Cohesin complexes containing meiosis-specific kleisin subunits govern most aspects of meiotic chromosome function, but whether Wapl regulates these complexes remains unknown. We show that during C. elegans oogenesis WAPL-1 antagonizes binding of cohesin containing COH-3/4 kleisins, but not REC-8, demonstrating that sensitivity to WAPL-1 is dictated by kleisin identity. By restricting the amount of chromosome-associated COH-3/4 cohesin, WAPL-1 controls chromosome structure throughout meiotic prophase. In the absence of REC-8, WAPL-1 inhibits COH-3/4-mediated cohesion, which requires crossover-fated events formed during meiotic recombination. Thus, WAPL-1 promotes functional specialization of meiotic cohesin: WAPL-1-sensitive COH-3/4 complexes modulate higher-order chromosome structure, while WAPL-1-refractory REC-8 complexes provide stable cohesion. Surprisingly, a WAPL-1-independent mechanism removes cohesin before metaphase I. Our studies provide insight into how meiosis-specific cohesin complexes are regulated to ensure formation of euploid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Crawley
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Consuelo Barroso
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Testori
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Ferrandiz
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Silva
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maikel Castellano-Pozo
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Luis Jaso-Tamame
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Martinez-Perez
- Meiosis group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Gómez R, Van Damme K, Gosálvez J, Morán ES, Colbourne JK. Male meiosis in Crustacea: synapsis, recombination, epigenetics and fertility in Daphnia magna. Chromosoma 2015; 125:769-87. [PMID: 26685998 PMCID: PMC5023733 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present the first detailed cytological study of male meiosis in Daphnia (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera)—an aquatic microcrustacean with a cyclical parthenogenetic life cycle. Using immunostaining of the testes in Daphnia magna for baseline knowledge, we characterized the different stages of meiotic division and spermiogenesis in relation to the distribution of proteins involved in synapsis, early recombination events and sister chromatid cohesion. We also studied post-translational histone modifications in male spermatocytes, in relation to the dynamic chromatin progression of meiosis. Finally, we applied a DNA fragmentation test to measure sperm quality of D. magna, with respect to levels of inbreeding. As a proxy for fertility, this technique may be used to assess the reproductive health of a sentinel species of aquatic ecosystems. Daphnia proves to be a model species for comparative studies of meiosis that is poised to improve our understanding of the cytological basis of sexual and asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Environmental Genomics Group. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK. .,Chromosome Dynamics Group. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kay Van Damme
- Environmental Genomics Group. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenio Sánchez Morán
- Chromosome Dynamics Group. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John K Colbourne
- Environmental Genomics Group. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
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15
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Abstract
Crossing over, or reciprocal recombination, is essential for accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division, resulting in gametes containing the correct chromosome number. A new study in human oocytes analyzes the genome-wide recombination and segregation patterns in all the products of female meiosis, providing experimental support for existing theories about the origin of human aneuploidies and highlighting a novel reverse segregation mechanism of chromosome segregation during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Teng Z, Li G, Mu X, Wang Z, Feng L, Niu W, Huang K, Xiang X, Wang C, Zhang H, Xia G. Cyclic AMP in oocytes controls meiotic prophase I and primordial folliculogenesis in the perinatal mouse ovary. Development 2014; 142:343-51. [PMID: 25503411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian ovaries, a fixed population of primordial follicles forms during the perinatal stage and the oocytes contained within are arrested at the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I. In the current study, we provide evidence that the level of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in oocytes regulates oocyte meiotic prophase I and primordial folliculogenesis in the perinatal mouse ovary. Our results show that the early meiotic development of oocytes is closely correlated with increased levels of intra-oocyte cAMP. Inhibiting cAMP synthesis in fetal ovaries delayed oocyte meiotic progression and inhibited the disassembly and degradation of synaptonemal complex protein 1. In addition, inhibiting cAMP synthesis in in vitro cultured fetal ovaries prevented primordial follicle formation. Finally, using an in situ oocyte chromosome analysis approach, we found that the dictyate arrest of oocytes is essential for primordial follicle formation under physiological conditions. Taken together, these results suggest a role for cAMP in early meiotic development and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhengpin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanbao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Guoliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Severson AF, Meyer BJ. Divergent kleisin subunits of cohesin specify mechanisms to tether and release meiotic chromosomes. eLife 2014; 3:e03467. [PMID: 25171895 PMCID: PMC4174578 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that multiple, functionally specialized cohesin complexes mediate the establishment and two-step release of sister chromatid cohesion that underlies the production of haploid gametes. In C. elegans, the kleisin subunits REC-8 and COH-3/4 differ between meiotic cohesins and endow them with distinctive properties that specify how cohesins load onto chromosomes and then trigger and release cohesion. Unlike REC-8 cohesin, COH-3/4 cohesin becomes cohesive through a replication-independent mechanism initiated by the DNA double-stranded breaks that induce crossover recombination. Thus, break-induced cohesion also tethers replicated meiotic chromosomes. Later, recombination stimulates separase-independent removal of REC-8 and COH-3/4 cohesins from reciprocal chromosomal territories flanking the crossover site. This region-specific removal likely underlies the two-step separation of homologs and sisters. Unexpectedly, COH-3/4 performs cohesion-independent functions in synaptonemal complex assembly. This new model for cohesin function diverges from that established in yeast but likely applies directly to plants and mammals, which utilize similar meiotic kleisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Severson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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18
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Urban E, Nagarkar-Jaiswal S, Lehner CF, Heidmann SK. The cohesin subunit Rad21 is required for synaptonemal complex maintenance, but not sister chromatid cohesion, during Drosophila female meiosis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004540. [PMID: 25101996 PMCID: PMC4125089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicated sister chromatids are held in close association from the time of their synthesis until their separation during the next mitosis. This association is mediated by the ring-shaped cohesin complex that appears to embrace the sister chromatids. Upon proteolytic cleavage of the α-kleisin cohesin subunit at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by separase, sister chromatids are separated and segregated onto the daughter nuclei. The more complex segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is thought to depend on the replacement of the mitotic α-kleisin cohesin subunit Rad21/Scc1/Mcd1 by the meiotic paralog Rec8. In Drosophila, however, no clear Rec8 homolog has been identified so far. Therefore, we have analyzed the role of the mitotic Drosophila α-kleisin Rad21 during female meiosis. Inactivation of an engineered Rad21 variant by premature, ectopic cleavage during oogenesis results not only in loss of cohesin from meiotic chromatin, but also in precocious disassembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC). We demonstrate that the lateral SC component C(2)M can interact directly with Rad21, potentially explaining why Rad21 is required for SC maintenance. Intriguingly, the experimentally induced premature Rad21 elimination, as well as the expression of a Rad21 variant with destroyed separase consensus cleavage sites, do not interfere with chromosome segregation during meiosis, while successful mitotic divisions are completely prevented. Thus, chromatid cohesion during female meiosis does not depend on Rad21-containing cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Urban
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Christian F. Lehner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Llano E, Gomez-H L, García-Tuñón I, Sánchez-Martín M, Caburet S, Barbero JL, Schimenti JC, Veitia RA, Pendas AM. STAG3 is a strong candidate gene for male infertility. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3421-31. [PMID: 24608227 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligo- and azoospermia are severe forms of male infertility. However, known genetic factors account only for a small fraction of the cases. Recently, whole-exome sequencing in a large consanguineous family with inherited premature ovarian failure (POF) identified a homozygous frameshift mutation in the STAG3 gene leading to a premature stop codon. STAG3 encodes a meiosis-specific subunit of the cohesin complex, a large proteinaceous ring with DNA-entrapping ability that ensures sister chromatid cohesion and enables correct synapsis and segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The pathogenicity of the STAG3 mutations was functionally validated with a loss-of-function mouse model for STAG3 in oogenesis. However, and since none of the male members of this family was homozygous for the mutant allele, we only could hypothesized its putative involvement in male infertility. In this report, we show that male mice devoid of Stag3 display a severe meiotic phenotype that includes a meiotic arrest at zygonema-like shortening of their chromosome axial elements/lateral elements, partial loss of centromeric cohesion at early prophase and maintenance of the ability to initiate but not complete RAD51- and DMC1-mediated double-strand break repair, demonstrating that STAG3 is a crucial cohesin subunit in mammalian gametogenesis and supporting our proposal that STAG3 is a strong candidate gene for human male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Llano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología and
| | - Laura Gomez-H
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Sandrine Caburet
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR7592, Paris 75013, France Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jose Luis Barbero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid 28040, Spain and
| | - John C Schimenti
- Center for Vertebrate Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR7592, Paris 75013, France Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alberto M Pendas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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20
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Winters T, McNicoll F, Jessberger R. Meiotic cohesin STAG3 is required for chromosome axis formation and sister chromatid cohesion. EMBO J 2014; 33:1256-70. [PMID: 24797474 PMCID: PMC4198028 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis-specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3-deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bona fide axial elements (AE) form and homologous chromosomes do not synapse. Axial element protein SYCP3 forms dot-like structures, many partially overlapping with centromeres. Asynapsis marker HORMAD1 is diffusely distributed throughout the chromatin, and SYCP1, which normally marks synapsed axes, is largely absent. Centromeric and telomeric sister chromatid cohesion are impaired. Centromere and telomere clustering occurs in the absence of STAG3, and telomere structure is not severely affected. Other cohesin proteins are present, localize throughout the STAG3-devoid chromatin, and form complexes with cohesin SMC1β. No other deficiency in a single meiosis-specific cohesin causes a phenotype as drastic as STAG3 deficiency. STAG3 emerges as the key STAG cohesin involved in major functions of meiotic cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Winters
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francois McNicoll
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Meiosis is a highly conserved process, which is stringently regulated in all organisms, from fungi through to humans. Two major events define meiosis in eukaryotes. The first is the pairing, or synapsis, of homologous chromosomes and the second is the exchange of genetic information in a process called meiotic recombination. Synapsis is mediated by the meiosis-specific synaptonemal complex structure in combination with the cohesins that tether sister chromatids together along chromosome arms through prophase I. Previously, we identified FKBP6 as a novel component of the mammalian synaptonemal complex. Further studies demonstrated an interaction between FKBP6 and the NIMA-related kinase-1, NEK1. To further investigate the role of NEK1 in mammalian meiosis, we have examined gametogenesis in the spontaneous mutant, Nek1kat2J. Homozygous mutant animals show decreased testis size, defects in testis morphology, and in cohesin removal at late prophase I of meiosis, causing complete male infertility. Cohesin protein SMC3 remains localized to the meiotic chromosome cores at diplonema in the Nek1 mutant, and also in the related Fkbp6 mutant, while in wild type cells SMC3 is removed from the cores at the end of prophase I and becomes more diffuse throughout the DAPI stained region of the nucleus. These data implicate NEK1 as a possible kinase involved in cohesin redistribution in murine spermatocytes.
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22
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Mailhes JB, Marchetti F. Advances in understanding the genetic causes and mechanisms of female germ cell aneuploidy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Mitosis and meiosis are essential processes that occur during development. Throughout these processes, cohesion is required to keep the sister chromatids together until their separation at anaphase. Cohesion is created by multiprotein subunit complexes called cohesins. Although the subunits differ slightly in mitosis and meiosis, the canonical cohesin complex is composed of four subunits that are quite diverse. The cohesin complexes are also important for DNA repair, gene expression, development, and genome integrity. Here we provide an overview of the roles of cohesins during these different events as well as their roles in human health and disease, including the cohesinopathies. Although the exact roles and mechanisms of these proteins are still being elucidated, this review serves as a guide for the current knowledge of cohesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Brooker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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24
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Kuleszewicz K, Fu X, Kudo NR. Cohesin loading factor Nipbl localizes to chromosome axes during mammalian meiotic prophase. Cell Div 2013; 8:12. [PMID: 23967866 PMCID: PMC3765518 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sister chromatid cohesion mediated by the cohesin complex is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Loading of cohesin onto chromosomes is dependent on another protein complex called kollerin, containing Nipbl/Scc2 and Mau2/Scc4. Nipbl is an evolutionarily conserved large protein whose haploinsufficiency in humans causes a developmental disorder called Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Although the function of Nipbl homologues for chromosome cohesion in meiotic cells of non-vertebrate models has been elucidated, Nipbl has not been characterized so far in mammalian spermatocytes or oocytes. FINDINGS Here we describe our analyses on the expression and localization of Nipbl in nuclei of mouse spermatocytes and oocytes at different stages of meiotic prophase. In both spermatocytes and oocytes we found that Nipbl is associated with the axial/lateral element of the synaptonemal complex (AE/LE) to which cohesin also localizes. Interestingly, Nipbl in spermatocytes, but not in oocytes, dissociates from the AE/LE at mid-pachytene stage coincident with completion of DNA double-strand break repair. CONCLUSIONS Our data propose that cohesin loading activity is maintained during early stages of meiotic prophase in mammalian spermatocytes and oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuleszewicz
- IRDB, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
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25
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Qiao J, Wang ZB, Feng HL, Miao YL, Wang Q, Yu Y, Wei YC, Yan J, Wang WH, Shen W, Sun SC, Schatten H, Sun QY. The root of reduced fertility in aged women and possible therapentic options: current status and future perspects. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 38:54-85. [PMID: 23796757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that maternal ageing not only causes increased spontaneous abortion and reduced fertility, but it is also a high genetic disease risk. Although assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been widely used to treat infertility, the overall success is still low. The main reasons for age-related changes include reduced follicle number, compromised oocyte quality especially aneuploidy, altered reproductive endocrinology, and increased reproductive tract defect. Various approaches for improving or treating infertility in aged women including controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF/ICSI-ET, ovarian reserve testing, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening (PGD/PGS), oocyte selection and donation, oocyte and ovary tissue cryopreservation before ageing, miscarriage prevention, and caloric restriction are summarized in this review. Future potential reproductive techniques for infertile older women including oocyte and zygote micromanipulations, derivation of oocytes from germ stem cells, ES cells, and iPS cells, as well as through bone marrow transplantation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Liang Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Hospital Queens, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Houston Fertility Institute, Tomball Regional Hospital, Tomball, TX 77375, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Department of Animal Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- Department of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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The ligand binding domain of GCNF is not required for repression of pluripotency genes in mouse fetal ovarian germ cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66062. [PMID: 23762465 PMCID: PMC3676325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, successful development and reproduction require that all cells, including germ cells, transition from a pluripotent to a differentiated state. This transition is associated with silencing of the pluripotency genes Oct4 and Nanog. Interestingly, these genes are repressed at different developmental timepoints in germ and somatic cells. Ovarian germ cells maintain their expression until about embryonic day (E) 14.5, whereas somatic cells silence them much earlier, at about E8.0. In both somatic cells and embryonic stem cells, silencing of Oct4 and Nanog requires the nuclear receptor GCNF. However, expression of the Gcnf gene has not been investigated in fetal ovarian germ cells, and whether it is required for silencing Oct4 and Nanog in that context is not known. Here we demonstrate that Gcnf is expressed in fetal ovarian germ cells, peaking at E14.5, when Oct4 and Nanog are silenced. However, conditional ablation of the ligand-binding domain of Gcnf using a ubiquitous, tamoxifen-inducible Cre indicates that Gcnf is not required for the down-regulation of pluripotency genes in fetal ovarian germ cells, nor is it required for initiation of meiosis and oogenesis. These results suggest that the silencing of Oct4 and Nanog in germ cells occurs via a different mechanism from that operating in somatic cells during gastrulation.
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Calvente A, Viera A, Parra MT, de la Fuente R, Suja JA, Page J, Santos JL, de la Vega CG, Barbero JL, Rufas JS. Dynamics of cohesin subunits in grasshopper meiotic divisions. Chromosoma 2013; 122:77-91. [PMID: 23283389 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cohesin complex plays a key role for the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion and faithful chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. This complex is formed by two structural maintenance of chromosomes protein family (SMC) subunits and two non-SMC subunits: an α-kleisin subunit SCC1/RAD21/REC8 and an SCC3-like protein. Several studies carried out in different species have revealed that the distribution of the cohesin subunits along the chromosomes during meiotic prophase I is not regular and that some subunits are distinctly incorporated at different cell stages. However, the accurate distribution of the different cohesin subunits in condensed meiotic chromosomes is still controversial. Here, we describe the dynamics of the cohesin subunits SMC1α, SMC3, RAD21 and SA1 during both meiotic divisions in grasshoppers. Although these subunits show a similar patched labelling at the interchromatid domain of metaphase I bivalents, SMCs and non-SMCs subunits do not always colocalise. Indeed, SA1 is the only cohesin subunit accumulated at the centromeric region of all metaphase I chromosomes. Additionally, non-SMC subunits do not appear at the interchromatid domain in either single X or B chromosomes. These data suggest the existence of several cohesin complexes during metaphase I. The cohesin subunits analysed are released from chromosomes at the beginning of anaphase I, with the exception of SA1 which can be detected at the centromeres until telophase II. These observations indicate that the cohesin components may be differentially loaded and released from meiotic chromosomes during the first and second meiotic divisions. The roles of these cohesin complexes for the maintenance of chromosome structure and their involvement in homologous segregation at first meiotic division are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calvente
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio de Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Presence of an extra chromosome alters meiotic double-stranded break repair dynamics and MLH1 foci distribution in human oocytes. Chromosoma 2013; 122:93-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-012-0394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Kim JH, Ishiguro KI, Kudo N, Watanabe Y. Studying meiosis-specific cohesins in mouse embryonic oocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 957:47-57. [PMID: 23138943 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-191-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Distinct meiotic cohesin complexes play fundamental roles in various meiosis-specific chromosomal events in spatiotemporally different manners during mammalian meiotic prophase. Immunostaining is one of the essential methods to study meiotic cohesin dynamics. For the study of cohesins in the meiotic prophase of oocytes, ovaries should be taken from the embryos during a very limited period before birth. Here we focus on some technical tips concerning the preparation of oocyte chromosome spreads for immunostaining. Further, we describe a method for chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) against immunostained oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-hye Kim
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Bhartiya D, Sriraman K, Gunjal P, Modak H. Gonadotropin treatment augments postnatal oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly in adult mouse ovaries? J Ovarian Res 2012; 5:32. [PMID: 23134576 PMCID: PMC3616927 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) exerts action on both germline and somatic compartment in both ovary and testis although FSH receptors (FSHR) are localized only on the somatic cells namely granulosa cells of growing follicles and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. High levels of FSH in females are associated with poor ovarian reserve, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome etc. and at the same time FSH acts as a survival factor during in vitro organotypic culture of ovarian cortical strips. Thus a further understanding of FSH action on the ovary is essential. We have earlier reported presence of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs express Oct-4A in addition to other pluripotent markers) and their immediate descendants 'progenitors' ovarian germ stem cells (OGSCs express Oct-4B in addition to other germ cell markers) in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) in various mammalian species including mice, rabbit, monkey, sheep and human. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on adult mice ovaries with a focus on VSELs, OGSCs, postnatal oogenesis and primordial follicle assembly. METHODS Ovaries were collected from adult mice during different stages of estrus cycle and after 2 and 7 days of PMSG (5 IU) treatment to study histo-architecture and expression for FSHR, pluripotent stem cells , meiosis and germ cell specific markers. RESULTS PMSG treatment resulted in increased FSHR and proliferation as indicated by increased FSHR and PCNA immunostaining in OSE and oocytes of primordial follicles (PF) besides the granulosa cells of large antral follicles. Small 1-2 regions of multilayered OSE invariably associated with a cohort of PF during estrus stage in control ovary were increased to 5-8 regions after PMSG treatment. This was associated with an increase in pluripotent transcripts (Oct-4A, Nanog), meiosis (Scp-3) and germ cells (Oct-4B, Mvh) specific markers. MVH showed positive immuno staining on germ cell nest-like clusters and at places primordial follicles appeared connected through oocytes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show that gonadotropin (PMSG) treatment to adult mouse leads to increased pluripotent stem cell activity in the ovaries, associated with increased meiosis, appearance of several cohorts of PF and their assembly in close proximity of OSE. This was found associated with the presence of germ cell nests and cytoplasmic continuity of oocytes in PF. We have earlier reported that pluripotent ovarian stem cells in the adult mammalian ovary are the VSELs which give rise to slightly differentiated OGSCs. Thus we propose that gonadotropin through its action on pluripotent VSELs augments neo-oogenesis and PF assembly in adult mouse ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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31
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Llano E, Herrán Y, García-Tuñón I, Gutiérrez-Caballero C, de Álava E, Barbero JL, Schimenti J, de Rooij DG, Sánchez-Martín M, Pendás AM. Meiotic cohesin complexes are essential for the formation of the axial element in mice. J Cell Biol 2012; 197:877-85. [PMID: 22711701 PMCID: PMC3384418 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201201100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is a conserved multisubunit protein complex that participates in chromosome segregation, DNA damage repair, chromatin regulation, and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation. Yeast, but not mice, depleted of the cohesin subunit Rec8 are defective in the formation of the axial elements (AEs) of the SC, suggesting that, in mammals, this function is not conserved. In this paper, we show that spermatocytes from mice lacking the two meiosis-specific cohesin subunits RAD21L and REC8 were unable to initiate RAD51- but not DMC1-mediated double-strand break repair, were not able to assemble their AEs, and arrested as early as the leptotene stage of prophase I, demonstrating that cohesin plays an essential role in AE assembly that is conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Llano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yurema Herrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Caballero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Barbero
- Departamento de Proliferación Celular y Desarrollo. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - John Schimenti
- Center for Vertebrate Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto M. Pendás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Fisiología, and Departamento de Medicina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Screening of genes involved in chromosome segregation during meiosis I: in vitro gene transfer to mouse fetal oocytes. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:515-22. [PMID: 22648182 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The events that take place during the prophase of meiosis I are essential for the correct segregation of homologous chromosomes. Defects in these processes likely contribute to infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss in humans. To screen for candidate genes for reproductive failure due to meiotic defects, we have analyzed the gene expression patterns in fetal, neonatal and adult gonads of both male and female mice by microarray and thereby identified 241 genes that are expressed specifically during prophase of meiosis I. Combined with our previous data obtained from developing spermatocytes, a total of 99 genes were identified that are upregulated in early prophase I. We confirmed the meiotic prophase I-specific expression of these genes using qRT-PCR. To further screen this panel for candidate genes that fulfill important roles in homologous pairing, synapsis and recombination, we established a gene transfer system for prophase I oocytes in combination with in vitro organ culture of ovaries, and successfully determined the localization of the selected genes. This gene set can thus serve as a resource for targeted sequence analysis via next-generation sequencing to identify the genes associated with human reproduction failure due to meiotic defects.
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Fayrer-Hosken R, Stanley A, Hill N, Heusner G, Christian M, De La Fuente R, Baumann C, Jones L. Effect of feeding fescue seed containing ergot alkaloid toxins on stallion spermatogenesis and sperm cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47:1017-26. [PMID: 22524585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cellular effects of tall fescue grass-associated toxic ergot alkaloids on stallion sperm and colt testicular tissue were evaluated. This was a continuation of an initial experiment where the effects of toxic ergot alkaloids on the stallion spermiogram were investigated. The only spermiogram parameter in exposed stallions that was affected by the toxic ergot alkaloids was a decreased gel-free volume of the ejaculate. This study examined the effect of toxic ergot alkaloids on chilling and freezing of the stallion sperm cells. The effect of toxic ergot alkaloids on chilled extended sperm cells for 48 h at 5°C was to make the sperm cells less likely to undergo a calcium ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. The toxic ergot alkaloids had no effect on the freezability of sperm cells. However, if yearling colts were fed toxic ergot alkaloids, then the cytological analysis of meiotic chromosome synapsis revealed a significant increase in the proportion of pachytene spermatocytes showing unpaired sex chromosomes compared to control spermatocytes. There was little effect of ergot alkaloids on adult stallions, but there might be a significant effect on yearling colts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fayrer-Hosken
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Wang ZB, Schatten H, Sun QY. Why is chromosome segregation error in oocytes increased with maternal aging? Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 26:314-25. [PMID: 22013190 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that female fertility is decreased with advanced maternal age due to chromosome abnormality in oocytes. Increased chromosome missegregation is mainly caused by centromeric cohesion reduction. Other factors such as weakened homologous recombination, improper spindle organization, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) malfunction, chromatin epigenetic changes, and extra-oocyte factors may also cause chromosome errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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De La Fuente R, Baumann C, Viveiros MM. Chromatin structure and ATRX function in mouse oocytes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2012; 55:45-68. [PMID: 22918800 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30406-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of chromatin structure and function during oogenesis is essential to confer the mammalian oocyte with meiotic and developmental potential. Errors in chromosome segregation during female meiosis and subsequent transmission of an abnormal chromosome complement (aneuploidy) to the early conceptus are one of the leading causes of pregnancy loss in women. The chromatin remodeling protein ATRX (α-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked) has recently emerged as a critical factor involved in heterochromatin formation at mammalian centromeres during meiosis. In mammalian oocytes, ATRX binds to centromeric heterochromatin domains where it is required for accurate chromosome segregation. Loss of ATRX function induces abnormal meiotic chromosome morphology, reduces histone H3 phosphorylation, and promotes a high incidence of aneuploidy associated with severely reduced fertility. The presence of centromeric breaks during the transition to the first mitosis in the early embryo indicates that the role of ATRX in chromosome segregation is mediated through an epigenetic mechanism involving the maintenance of chromatin modifications associated with pericentric heterochromatin (PCH) formation and chromosome condensation. This is consistent with the existence of a potential molecular link between centromeric and PCH in the epigenetic control of centromere function and maintenance of chromosome stability in mammalian oocytes. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of ATRX function during meiosis will have important clinical implications towards uncovering the epigenetic factors contributing to the onset of aneuploidy in the human oocyte.
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36
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Baumann C, Daly CM, McDonnell SM, Viveiros MM, De La Fuente R. Chromatin configuration and epigenetic landscape at the sex chromosome bivalent during equine spermatogenesis. Chromosoma 2011; 120:227-44. [PMID: 21274552 PMCID: PMC3100478 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-010-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pairing of the sex chromosomes during mammalian meiosis is characterized by the formation of a unique heterochromatin structure at the XY body. The mechanisms underlying the formation of this nuclear domain are reportedly highly conserved from marsupials to mammals. In this study, we demonstrate that in contrast to all eutherian species studied to date, partial synapsis of the heterologous sex chromosomes during pachytene stage in the horse is not associated with the formation of a typical macrochromatin domain at the XY body. While phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) and macroH2A1.2 are present as a diffuse signal over the entire macrochromatin domain in mouse pachytene spermatocytes, γH2AX, macroH2A1.2, and the cohesin subunit SMC3 are preferentially enriched at meiotic sex chromosome cores in equine spermatocytes. Moreover, although several histone modifications associated with this nuclear domain in the mouse such as H3K4me2 and ubH2A are conspicuously absent in the equine XY body, prominent RNA polymerase II foci persist at the sex chromosomes. Thus, the localization of key marker proteins and histone modifications associated with the XY body in the horse differs significantly from all other mammalian systems described. These results demonstrate that the epigenetic landscape and heterochromatinization of the equine XY body might be regulated by alternative mechanisms and that some features of XY body formation may be evolutionary divergent in the domestic horse. We propose equine spermatogenesis as a unique model system for the study of the regulatory networks leading to the epigenetic control of gene expression during XY body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Baumann
- Female Germ Cell Biology Group, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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37
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Del Cacho E, Gallego M, Pagés M, Barbero JL, Monteagudo L, Sánchez-Acedo C. Location of RAD51-like protein during meiotic prophase in Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol 2011; 178:77-85. [PMID: 21227592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on reporting events in Eimeria tenella oocysts from early to late prophase I in terms of RAD51 protein in association with the synaptonemal complex formed between homologous chromosomes. The aim of the study was the sequential localization of RAD51 protein, which is involved in the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) on the eimerian chromosomes as they synapse and desynapse. Structural Maintenance of Chromosome protein SMC3, which plays a role in synaptonemal complex formation, was labeled to identify initiation and progress of chromosome synapsis and desynapsis in parallel with the appearance and disappearance of RAD51 foci. Antibodies directed against RAD51 and cohesin subunit SMC3 proteins were labeled with either fluorescence or colloidal gold to visualize RAD51 protein foci and synaptonemal complexes. RAD51 protein localization during prophase I was studied on meiotic chromosomes spreads obtained from oocysts at different points in time after the start of sporulation. The present findings showed that foci detected with the antibody directed against RAD51 protein first appeared at the pre-leptotene stage before homologous chromosomes began pairing. Subsequently, the foci were detected in association with the lateral elements at the precise sites where synapsis were in progress. These findings lead us to suggest that in E. tenella, homologous chromosome pairing was a DSB-dependent mechanism and reinforced the participation of RAD51 protein in meiotic homology search, alignment and pairing of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Del Cacho
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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38
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Abstract
Rad21L—a new meiotic cohesin described in a recent paper in EMBO reports by the Watanabe group—probably has a role in the establishment of homologous chromosome recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, UK
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39
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Ishiguro KI, Kim J, Fujiyama-Nakamura S, Kato S, Watanabe Y. A new meiosis-specific cohesin complex implicated in the cohesin code for homologous pairing. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:267-75. [PMID: 21274006 PMCID: PMC3059921 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We identify a new mammalian cohesin subunit, RAD21-like protein (RAD21L), with sequence similarity to RAD21 and REC8. RAD21L localizes along axial elements in early meiotic prophase, in a manner that is spatiotemporally different to either REC8 or RAD21. Remarkably, RAD21L and REC8 have symmetrical, mutually exclusive localization on the not-yet-synapsed homologues, implying that the cohesin patterning could provide a code for homologue recognition. RAD21 transiently localizes to axial elements after the dissociation of RAD21L and REC8 in late pachytene, a period of recombination repair. Further, we show that the removal of cohesins and synaptonemal complex during late meiotic prophase is promoted by Polo-like kinase 1, which is similar to the mitotic prophase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichiro Ishiguro
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jihye Kim
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Sally Fujiyama-Nakamura
- Laboratory of Nuclear Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, and University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Laboratory of Nuclear Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, and University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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40
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Lee J, Hirano T. RAD21L, a novel cohesin subunit implicated in linking homologous chromosomes in mammalian meiosis. J Cell Biol 2011; 192:263-76. [PMID: 21242291 PMCID: PMC3172173 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201008005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are multi-subunit protein complexes that regulate sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis and meiosis. Here we identified a novel kleisin subunit of cohesins, RAD21L, which is conserved among vertebrates. In mice, RAD21L is expressed exclusively in early meiosis: it apparently replaces RAD21 in premeiotic S phase, becomes detectable on the axial elements in leptotene, and stays on the axial/lateral elements until mid pachytene. RAD21L then disappears, and is replaced with RAD21. This behavior of RAD21L is unique and distinct from that of REC8, another meiosis-specific kleisin subunit. Remarkably, the disappearance of RAD21L at mid pachytene correlates with the completion of DNA double-strand break repair and the formation of crossovers as judged by colabeling with molecular markers, γ-H2AX, MSH4, and MLH1. RAD21L associates with SMC3, STAG3, and either SMC1α or SMC1β. Our results suggest that cohesin complexes containing RAD21L may be involved in synapsis initiation and crossover recombination between homologous chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibak Lee
- Chromosome Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Cohesin in oocytes-tough enough for Mammalian meiosis? Genes (Basel) 2010; 1:495-504. [PMID: 24710099 PMCID: PMC3966221 DOI: 10.3390/genes1030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for cell division. During meiosis, it is also required for proper synapsis of pairs of sister chromatids and for chiasma formation and maintenance. Since mammalian oocytes remain arrested in late prophase for a very long period—up to five decades in humans—the preservation of cohesion throughout this period is a formidable challenge. Mouse models with cohesin deficiencies and aging wild-type mice showed that this challenge is not fully met: cohesion weakens and deteriorates with increasing age. These recent findings have highly significant implications for our comprehension of the genesis of aneuploidies.
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Abstract
Sister chromatids are held together from the time of their formation in S phase until they segregate in anaphase by the cohesin complex. In meiosis of most organisms, the mitotic Mcd1/Scc1/Rad21 subunit of the cohesin complex is largely replaced by its paralog named Rec8. This article reviews the specialized functions of Rec8 that are crucial for diverse aspects of chromosome dynamics in meiosis, and presents some speculations relating to meiotic chromosome organization.
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Abstract
Humans suffer a steep increase in aneuploidies when oocytes age, and deterioration of cohesin was suggested recently as a prominent cause. In the November 15, 2010, issue of Genes & Development, Tachibana-Konwalski and colleagues (pp. 2505-2516) answered a question central to this hypothesis: Can cohesin be reloaded onto mouse oocyte chromosomes long after birth? They found that it cannot, or at least not with an efficiency adequate to rescue cohesin deficiency. With no chance for sufficient replenishment, age-related loss of sister chromatid cohesion seems unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Germany.
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Tachibana-Konwalski K, Godwin J, van der Weyden L, Champion L, Kudo NR, Adams DJ, Nasmyth K. Rec8-containing cohesin maintains bivalents without turnover during the growing phase of mouse oocytes. Genes Dev 2010; 24:2505-16. [PMID: 20971813 PMCID: PMC2975927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.605910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During female meiosis, bivalent chromosomes are thought to be held together from birth until ovulation by sister chromatid cohesion mediated by cohesin complexes whose ring structure depends on kleisin subunits, either Rec8 or Scc1. Because cohesion is established at DNA replication in the embryo, its maintenance for such a long time may require cohesin turnover. To address whether Rec8- or Scc1-containing cohesin holds bivalents together and whether it turns over, we created mice whose kleisin subunits can be cleaved by TEV protease. We show by microinjection experiments and confocal live-cell imaging that Rec8 cleavage triggers chiasmata resolution during meiosis I and sister centromere disjunction during meiosis II, while Scc1 cleavage triggers sister chromatid disjunction in the first embryonic mitosis, demonstrating a dramatic transition from Rec8- to Scc1-containing cohesin at fertilization. Crucially, activation of an ectopic Rec8 transgene during the growing phase of Rec8(TEV)(/TEV) oocytes does not prevent TEV-mediated bivalent destruction, implying little or no cohesin turnover for ≥2 wk during oocyte growth. We suggest that the inability of oocytes to regenerate cohesion may contribute to age-related meiosis I errors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lysie Champion
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuaki R. Kudo
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Nasmyth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Cruz R, Brieño MA, Roig I, Grossmann M, Velilla E, Pujol A, Cabero L, Pessarrodona A, Barbero JL, Garcia Caldés M. Dynamics of cohesin proteins REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 are consistent with a role in sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in human oocytes. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2316-27. [PMID: 20634189 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for ordered chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis. This is carried out by cohesin complexes, comprising four proteins, which seem to form a ring-like complex. Data from animal models suggest that loss of sister chromatid cohesion may be involved in age-related non-disjunction in human oocytes. Here, we describe the distribution of cohesins throughout meiosis in human oocytes. METHODS We used immunofluorescence in human oocytes at different meiotic stages to detect cohesin subunits REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3, [also synaptonemal complex (SC) protein 3 and shugoshin 1]. Samples from euploid fetuses and adult women were collected, and 51 metaphase I (MI) and 113 metaphase II (MII) oocytes analyzed. SMC1 beta transcript levels were quantified in 85 maturing germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes from 34 women aged 19-43 years by real-time PCR. RESULTS At prophase I, cohesin subunits REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 overlapped with the lateral element of the SC. Short cohesin fibers are observed in the oocyte nucleus during dictyate arrest. All four subunits are observed at centromeres and along chromosomal arms, except at chiasmata, at MI and are present at centromeric domains from anaphase I to MII. SMC1 beta transcripts were detected (with high inter-sample variability) in GV oocytes but no correlation between SMC1 beta mRNA levels and age was found. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of cohesins REC8, STAG3, SMC1 beta and SMC3 suggest their participation in sister chromatid cohesion throughout the whole meiotic process in human oocytes. Our data do not support the view that decreased levels of SMC1 beta gene expression in older women are involved in age-related non-disjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Garcia-Cruz
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 1: Background to spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 73:241-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zheng P, Griswold MD, Hassold TJ, Hunt PA, Small CL, Ye P. Predicting meiotic pathways in human fetal oogenesis. Biol Reprod 2009; 82:543-51. [PMID: 19846598 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.079590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene function prediction has proven valuable in formulating testable hypotheses. It is particularly useful for exploring biological processes that are experimentally intractable, such as meiotic initiation and progression in the human fetal ovary. In this study, we developed the first functional gene network for the human fetal ovary, HFOnet, by probabilistically integrating multiple genomic features using a naïve Bayesian model. We demonstrated that this network could accurately recapture known functional connections between genes, as well as predict new connections. Our findings suggest that known meiosis-specific genes (i.e., with functions only in meiotic processes in the germ cells) make either no or a few functional connections but are highly clustered with neighbor genes. In contrast, known nonspecific meiotic genes (i.e., with functions in both meiotic and nonmeiotic processes in the germ cells and somatic cells) exhibit numerous connections but low clustering coefficients, indicating their role as central modulators of diverse pathways, including those in meiosis. We also predicted novel genes that may be involved in meiotic initiation and DNA repair. This global functional network provides a much-needed framework for exploring gene functions and pathway components in early human female meiosis that are difficult to tackle by traditional in vivo mammalian genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zheng
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Brieno-Enriquez M, Robles P, Garcia-Cruz R, Roig I, Cabero L, Martinez F, Garcia Caldes M. A new culture technique that allows in vitro meiotic prophase development of fetal human oocytes. Hum Reprod 2009; 25:74-84. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Viera A, Santos JL, Parra MT, Calvente A, Gómez R, de la Fuente R, Suja JA, Page J, Rufas JS. Cohesin axis maturation and presence of RAD51 during first meiotic prophase in a true bug. Chromosoma 2009; 118:575-89. [PMID: 19495784 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-009-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed in a true bug, Graphosoma italicum (Pentatomidae, Hemiptera), the temporal and functional relationships between recombination events, synapsis progression, and SMC1alpha and SMC3 cohesin axis maturation throughout the male first meiotic prophase. The localization of the histone variant histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 9 at chromosome ends has allowed us to determine the association of these heterochromatic domains through prophase I stages. Results highlighted that cohesins provide to be good markers for synapsis progression since the formation, morphology, and development of the SMC1alpha and SMC3 cohesin axes resemble the synaptonemal complex dynamics and, also, that in this species the initiation of recombination precedes synapsis. In addition, we have carried out an accurate cytological characterization of the diffuse stage, which takes place after pachytene, and also analyzed the presence of the cohesin subunits, SMC1alpha and SMC3, and the recombinase RAD51 at this stage. The mechanisms underlying the absence of SMC1alpha and SMC3 axes from the diffuse stage onwards are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viera
- Departamento de Biología, Edificio de Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Gavrilova EV, Kuznetsova IS, Enukashvily NI, Noniashvili EM, Dyban AP, Podgornaya OI. Localization of satellite DNA and associated proteins in respect to nucleolar precursor bodies in one- and two-cell mouse embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x0903002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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