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Sterling NA, Rincón DA, Barrera S, Sánchez EA, Molina DY, Urán ME, Jiménez MDP. Tinea capitis outbreak and other superficial mycosis in an urban community of Medellín. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:245-254. [PMID: 37721904 PMCID: PMC10599352 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections of the keratinized epithelium like tinea capitis. The latte mainly affects school-vulnerable populations. Carpinelo is a peripheral neighborhood in Medellín with poor socioeconomic conditions and where a suspected tinea capitis outbreak took place. Objective. To study and characterize, clinically and microbiologically, patients with suspected dermatophytosis in Carpinelo. Material and methods. We carried out a descriptive and longitudinal study with an active case search of tinea capitis in children and their relatives from the Jardín Educativo Buen Comienzo community in Carpinelo. Patients were clinically evaluated, and samples of scales and hair were taken to perform mycological studies with a 10 % potassium hydroxide and culture in Sabouraud and Mycosel agar. We analyzed the data with the statistical program SPSS™. 25 version. Results. Fifty-seven individuals were studied: 47 were children with a mean age of six years and a ratio of 2:1 male to female. Patients with confirmed diagnosis presented the following clinical forms: tinea capitis (78.95%), tinea faciei (15.79%) or tinea corporis (10.52%). Out of the total, 69.76% of the patients had previous treatment with steroids. The direct test was positive in 53.84% of the samples, and 46.15% had positive cultures. The isolated species were: Microsporum canis (77.77%), Trichophyton spp. (11.11%), Trichophyton rubrum (5.55%), and Malassezia spp. (5.55 %). Conclusion. Tinea capitis was the most common clinical form, and M. canis was the most frequently isolated species. The use of steroids as the first and only option for empiric treatment was worth of notice. The findings of this study point out the importance of microbiological diagnosis in choosing the best treatment for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastián Barrera
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Erika Andrea Sánchez
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Diana Yuledi Molina
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Martha Eugenia Urán
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - María Del Pilar Jiménez
- Grupo Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Haro M, Alemayehu T, Mikiru A. Dermatophytosis and its risk factors among children visiting dermatology clinic in Hawassa Sidama, Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8630. [PMID: 37244958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis represents one of the common fungal diseases that attack the skin, hair and nail of human beings worldwide. It causes chronic morbidity in children and the condition is more common, in developing countries. The study aimed to determine dermatophytosis and its associated factors among children in Hawassa Sidama, Ethiopia April 2021-October 2021. A cross-sectional study was conducted on children suspected of cutaneous fungal infections. Data were surveyed based on a semi-structured questionnaire. Standard laboratory methods were used to identify the dermatophytes. The data entry and analysis were conducted with SPSS version 26. The Chi-square test was used to check the predictor and a p-value < 0.05 was taken as a significant value. A total of 83 study subjects included in the study in which all 83 (100%) patients were positive for fungal elements (hyphae/and spores) in microscopy, of this 81 (97.6%) yielded growth on culture. Hair scalps 75 (90.4%) were the dominant among the case. Trichophyton 52 (62.6%) was the dominant aetiology followed by Microsporum 22 (26.6%). Intervention measures to tackle dermatophytosis should emphasis on tinea capitis among 6-10 years old children with history of recent migration by raising awareness of communities through health extension programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Haro
- Department of Biology, Hawassa University College of Computational Sciences, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Alemayehu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 1560, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.
| | - Abraham Mikiru
- Department of Biology, Hawassa University College of Computational Sciences, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
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Rodríguez‐Cerdeira C, Martínez‐Herrera E, Szepietowski J, Pinto‐Almazán R, Frías‐De‐León M, Espinosa‐Hernández V, Chávez‐Gutiérrez E, García‐Salazar E, Vega‐Sánchez D, Arenas R, Hay R, Saunte D. A systematic review of worldwide data on tinea capitis: analysis of the last 20 years. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:844-883. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodríguez‐Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Dermatology Department Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E. Martínez‐Herrera
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - R. Pinto‐Almazán
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - M.G. Frías‐De‐León
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - V.M. Espinosa‐Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. Chávez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - E. García‐Salazar
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca México
| | - D.C. Vega‐Sánchez
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Arenas
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD) Health Research InstituteSERGAS‐UVIGO Vigo Spain
- Psichodermatology Task for (CILAD) Buenos Aires Argentina
- Sección de Micología Hospital General ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ Ciudad de México México
| | - R. Hay
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology King's College London London UK
| | - D.M. Saunte
- Department of Dermatology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
- Health Sciences Faculty University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Evaluation of Zinc and Copper Levels in Superficial Fungal Infections. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.794824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Araya S, Tesfaye B, Fente D. Epidemiology of Dermatophyte and Non-Dermatophyte Fungi Infection in Ethiopia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:291-297. [PMID: 32308463 PMCID: PMC7152551 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s246183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Dermatophytosis represents one of the common infectious diseases worldwide and it is a major public health problem around the globe. The disease causes considerable morbidity and still continues to increase especially in developing countries. Objective This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes and the spectrum of fungal agents in patients attending Rank Higher Specialized Dermatology Clinic. Methods A cross-sectional study has been conducted, in which 318 samples from 318 suspected patients were collected. Samples include hair, nail, and skin. A portion of each sample was examined microscopically and the remaining portion of each sample was cultured onto plates of Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol with and without cycloheximide. Isolates were identified by studying the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies. Results Tinea capitis was the predominant clinical manifestation accounting for 53.4% of the cases. Patients with age group 1-14 years were more affected. Of 318 samples, fungi were detected in 133 (54.4%) by direct wet mount while 148/315 (46.5%) of them were culture positive. From these 72/148 (46.8%) were dermatophytes. T. tonsurans was the most common pathogen in tinea capitis, whereas T. mentagrophytes was the most common pathogen in tinea corporis. Among dermatophyte isolates, T. tonsurans 29/72 (40.2%) was the most common cause of infection. Among non-dermatophyte molds, Cladosporiumspp. 21/63 (33.3%) was predominant isolate followed by Neoscytalidim dimidatum 11/63 (17.4%) and Alternariaspp. 9/63 (14.2%), respectively. Yeasts also account for 13 (8.7%) of the total suspects of dermatophytosis. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of dermatophytes was higher in tinea capitis 46/72 (63.8%) and T. tonsurans 29/72 (40%) was the dominant-isolated dermatophyte. Recovery of a large number of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi in our study showed that non-dermatophyte fungi are emerging as important causes of dermatophytosis warranting further intensive epidemiological studies that have public health significance are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambel Araya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Betelhem Tesfaye
- Rank Higher Specialized Dermatology Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Fente
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Olutoyin OO, Onayemi O, Gabriel AO. Risk factors associated with acquiring superficial fungal infections in school children in South Western Nigeria: a comparative study. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:330-336. [PMID: 29062327 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superficial fungal infections (SFI) are caused mainly by dermatophytes and yeasts. SFI is of major public health concern and is a common cause of skin disease among school children. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with acquiring superficial fungal infections in school children in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria as this will assist in instituting appropriate interventions. METHODS A total of 560 children; 280 with superficial fungal infections as subjects and 280 age and sex matched school children as controls were recruited through multistage sampling method from 10 primary schools (private and public owned) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. DISCUSSION Pupils were aged 5-16 years with a mean age of 9.42±2.00. Risk factors documented in this study included poor living conditions, use of barbers' clippers, low socio-economic status, poor hygiene, attendance of public schools and not living with both parents. The last four factors remained significant on binary logistic regression. CONCLUSION The study shows that the risk for acquiring superficial fungal infections remains high in school children and in communities with low socio-economic positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaide Oke Olutoyin
- Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Dermatology unit, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Olaniyi Onayemi
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Department of Dermatology and Venereology
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Totri CR, Feldstein S, Admani S, Friedlander SF, Eichenfield LF. Epidemiologic Analysis of Onychomycosis in the San Diego Pediatric Population. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:46-49. [PMID: 27699839 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis (OM) is thought to be a rare disease in children, although there are few epidemiologic studies. METHODS This 3-year retrospective case series of nearly 400 children seen at Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego (RCHSD) describes the characteristics of OM found in this pediatric population. RESULTS From 2011 to 2013, the Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology Clinic at RCHSD saw a total of 36,634 unique patients, of whom 433 were unique patients with OM. Thirty-four patients met exclusion criteria, leaving 399 (1.1%) with a diagnosis of OM by a pediatric dermatologist. Nail cultures were obtained in 242 cases (60.7%), 116 (48.0%) of which were positive. Trichophyton rubrum was the most commonly isolated pathogen, responsible for 106 cases (91.3%) of positive cultures in the cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important regional information regarding epidemiologic data in pediatric onychomycosis, highlighting the diagnostic methods most commonly used and the pathogens most frequently encountered in our practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Totri
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Stephanie Feldstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Shehla Admani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sheila F Friedlander
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lawrence F Eichenfield
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes can be divided into geophilic (soil), zoophilic (animals) and anthropophilic (human) strains, depending on the source of the keratin. The predominant organisms vary within a given geographical region during different periods, which is influenced by a number of factors, such as population movements, socioeconomic circumstances and level of surveillance. Thus, the incidence is very variable. AIM To determine the epidemiology of superficial fungal infections due to zoophilic and geophilic fungi in patients referred to the Pasteur Institute of Iran. METHODS The clinical presentation of zoophilic and geophilic dermatophyte-related infections was reviewed retrospectively from the medical records of all subjects referred to our laboratory for assessment of cutaneous fungal infection. Mycological examination consisted of culturing of pathological material followed by direct microscopy. Diagnosis was based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the colonies. RESULTS Of the 3976 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, 239 (39.6%) were zoophilic dermatophytosis, confirmed by direct examination and culture. They occurred in 93 (39%) female patients and 146 (61%) male patients (median age 27.4 years, range 1.5-75). The commonest zoophilic fungi isolated were Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (28%), followed by Trichophyton verrucosum (9.3%) and Microsporum canis (2.2%). The geophilic fungus Microsporum gypseum was isolated from 0.33% of patients. CONCLUSION This study identifies the epidemiological trends and the predominant organisms causing zoophilic dermatophytosis in humans in Tehran. Consideration of the current epidemiological trends in the incidence of cutaneous zoophilic fungal pathogens is essential for investigation, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bassiri-Jahromi
- Medical Mycology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Akcaglar S, Ener B, Toker SC, Ediz B, Tunali S, Tore O. A comparative study of dermatophyte infections in Bursa, Turkey. Med Mycol 2011; 49:602-7. [PMID: 21198349 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.547879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 555 specimens from 372 patients with symptoms compatible with superficial mycosis were included in this study. Those from patients clinically diagnosed as having dermatomycosis were thoroughly investigated by mycological examinations in the laboratory, including microscopic studies of KOH mounts and cultivation of the samples in culture. The results of this study and a previous study in our hospital conducted in 1980 were compared with respect to clinical presentation and etiological agents. Onychomycosis was the most common clinical form of dermatomycoses, and Trichophyton rubrum was the most common pathogen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Akcaglar
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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Kiraz N, Metintas S, Oz Y, Koc F, Koku Aksu EA, Kalyoncu C, Kasifoglu N, Cetin E, Arikan I. The prevalence of tinea pedis and tinea manuum in adults in rural areas in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2010; 20:379-386. [PMID: 20853199 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2010.484861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of tinea pedis and manuum (dermatophyte infections of the hands and feet) in adults in rural areas of Turkey, the risk factors and self-administered treatment options. A total of 2,574 people living in a rural area were enrolled in the study. Participants were asked demographic data, hygienic habits in a questionnaire. KOH preparations and culture were performed from suspicious lesions. Medical and alternative therapy methods and former dermatophytosis diagnosis history were taken from the respondents with suspicious lesions. Microbiological samples were taken from 285 (11.1%) participants. Culture was positive in 109 (4.2%) of those. The most common agent was Trichophyton rubrum. The predisposing factors were found as age older than 40, male gender and obesity. Forty-nine (44.9%) of patients had taken a medical therapy, 56 (51.4%) had performed non-medical methods (cologne, Lawsonia inermis-Henna and softener creams). Patient's education about the treatment compliance is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kiraz
- Department of Microbiology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Pérez-González M, Torres-Rodríguez JM, Martínez-Roig A, Segura S, Griera G, Triviño L, Pasarín M. Prevalence of tinea pedis, tinea unguium of toenails and tinea capitis in school children from Barcelona. Rev Iberoam Micol 2009; 26:228-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Akbaba M, Ilkit M, Sutoluk Z, Ates A, Zorba H. Comparison of hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:356-62. [PMID: 18269603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis may also present as a minimal infection, termed carrier state. Anthropophilic dermatophytes (i.e. Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton violaceum) have been generally associated with high rates of asymptomatic carriage. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing scalp carriage as well as to determine the prevalence and related dermatophyte species for both asymptomatic and symptomatic tinea capitis in Adana Province, Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS A screening study was carried out between February 2006 and May 2006, covering three schools and a total of 1560 children with 857 (54.9%) boys and 703 (45.1%) girls, aged between 7 and 17 years (10.6 +/- 2.3 years). The diagnosis was made by using three of the methods mentioned above with inoculation onto Sabouraud glucose agar. RESULTS Symptomatic tinea capitis was not detected in the study; however, 21 (1.3%) asymptomatic carriers, with 9 (42.9%) boys and 12 (57.1%) girls, aged 7 to 13 years (9.7 +/- 1.9 years) were detected. The diagnosis was made via hairbrush in 13, via cotton swab in 4 and via toothbrush in 4. The mean age (P = 0.075) and gender differences were found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.26). The most common isolated species was Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (90.4%) followed by Trichophyton audouinii (4.8%) and Microsporum gypseum (4.8%). Nine children had Arab origin (P = 0.005), and 12 had immigrated from the south-eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The screening of 32 households of 21 children with asymptomatic carriage enabled the researchers to detect the carrier state in three mothers and one sister, resulting in a total of four households (12.5%), with T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes isolated, by hairbrush method in three cases and cotton swab in one case. If the methods were to be used alone, the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage would be found as 1.0% (16 of 1592) in the hairbrush, 0.3% (4 of 1592) in the toothbrush and 0.3% (5 of 1592) in the cotton swab methods; whereas the combined use of these three methods could reveal a total prevalence of 1.6% (25 of 1592). The hairbrush method was significantly found to be more effective in detecting dermatophyte fungi than the toothbrush (P < 0.01) and the cotton swab methods (P < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the use of a single method and the combination of all other three methods (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In summary, it was found that the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage did not cover symptomatic tinea capitis prevalence (1.6% vs. 0%), and the dominant species was zoophilic T. mentagrophytes (92%, 23 of 25). Asymptomatic carriage was not found to be related to age, gender and the coexistence of other dermatophytoses; however, race (Arab origin) was found to be the only risk factor. For laboratory diagnosis, no method was found to be nominated as a gold standard; hence, a combined use of diagnosing methods was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akbaba
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
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Abanmi A, Bakheshwain S, El Khizzi N, Zouman AR, Hantirah S, Al Harthi F, Al Jamal M, Rizvi SS, Ahmad M, Tariq M. Characteristics of superficial fungal infections in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:229-35. [PMID: 18289321 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and characteristics of superficial fungal infections (SFIs) vary with climatic conditions, lifestyle, and population migration patterns. This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of SFIs amongst patients visiting the dermatology clinic of Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2003-2005. METHODS One hundred and nineteen patients with confirmed SFI (37 males and 82 females), aged between 5 months and 67 years, were included in this study. The diagnosis of SFI was based on clinical presentation confirmed by laboratory analysis. The type of mycotic pathogen and the site of infection were recorded as a function of age and sex. RESULTS Onychomycosis (40.3%) was the most frequent infection, followed by tinea capitis (21.9%), tinea pedis (16%), tinea cruris (15.1%), and tinea corporis (6.7%). Tinea capitis was most prevalent (15.1%) in children (male to female ratio, 1 : 1.57), whereas tinea pedis was most common (11.8%) in adults (male to female ratio, 1 : 2.5). Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis were the most common dermatophytes responsible for tinea infections, and T. mentagrophytes, Candida spp., and Aspergillus spp. were mainly responsible for onychomycosis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SFI was twofold greater in females than males. Children were most commonly affected by tinea capitis, whereas adults generally suffered from tinea pedis. The frequency of onychomycosis was nearly three times higher in adults. This study clearly shows that SFIs are of concern in both genders and in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abanmi
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center, Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Maraki S, Nioti E, Mantadakis E, Tselentis Y. A 7-year survey of dermatophytoses in Crete, Greece. Mycoses 2007; 50:481-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mohammedamin RSA, van der Wouden JC, Koning S, Schellevis FG, van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Koes BW. Reported incidence and treatment of dermatophytosis in children in general practice: a comparison between 1987 and 2001. Mycopathologia 2007; 164:271-8. [PMID: 17891509 PMCID: PMC2780650 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermatophytosis is a common skin infection in children. Although the epidemiology is relatively unknown it is becoming a major health problem in some countries. We determine the incidence and management of dermatophytosis in Dutch general practice in 1987 and 2001. METHODS We used data of all children aged 0-17 years derived from two national surveys performed in Dutch general practice in 1987 and 2001 respectively. All diagnoses, prescriptions and referrals were registered over a 12 months period by the participating general practitioners (GPs), 161 and 195 respectively. Data were stratified for socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Compared to 1987, in 2001 the total reported incidence rate of dermatophytosis in children in general practice increased from 20.8 [95%CI 18.9-22.8] to 24.6 [95%CI 23.5-25.7] per 1,000 person years. Infants (<1 year), girls, children in rural areas and children of non-western immigrants more often consulted the GP for dermatophytosis in 2001. In both surveys GPs treated the majority of children with dermatophytosis with topical drugs, especially with azoles. CONCLUSIONS The reported incidence rate of dermatophytosis in children in general practice increased; however it is unclear whether this is a consequence of an increasing prevalence in the population or a changing help seeking behaviour. GPs generally follow the national guideline for the treatment of dermatophytosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. A. Mohammedamin
- Department of General Practice, Room Ff304, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. van der Wouden
- Department of General Practice, Room Ff304, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Koning
- Department of General Practice, Room Ff304, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. G. Schellevis
- Department of General Practice, Netherlands Institute
for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Free University, Utrecht, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. W. A. van Suijlekom-Smit
- Department of Paediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. W. Koes
- Department of General Practice, Room Ff304, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Ozkutuk A, Ergon C, Yulug N. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of dermatophytes during a one year period at a university hospital in Turkey. Mycoses 2007; 50:125-9. [PMID: 17305776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophyte infections have been considered to be a major public health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the causative agents of dermatophytoses and their antifungal susceptibilities in a Turkish University Hospital, west of Turkey. A total of 926 patients suspected to have dermatophytic lesions were examined over a period of 1 year (2001-2002). Samples collected from skin, hair and nails were submitted to direct microscopical examination using KOH and Calcofluor white stain, cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and Mycosel agar. The prevalence of dermatophytoses was 7.34% (68/926). Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequent dermatophyte isolated (56%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (38%), T. violaceum (1.5%), T. verrucosum (1.5%), Microsporum canis (1.5%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (1.5%). Tinea pedis (47%) was the most common type of infection, followed by tinea unguium (29%), tinea inguinalis (15%), tinea corporis (7.4%) and tinea capitis (1.6%). Secondary, we have tested 68 strains of dermatophytes against four antifungal agents following mainly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M38-P standard for filamentous fungi. In general, all antifungals were shown to be highly effective and itraconazole and naftifine appeared more active than ketoconazole and oxiconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Ozkutuk
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Inciralti-Izmir, Turkey.
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18
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Ilkit M, Demirhindi H, Yetgin M, Ates A, Turaç-Biçer A, Yula E. Asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage in school children in Adana, Turkey. Mycoses 2007; 50:130-4. [PMID: 17305777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage and symptomatic tinea capitis in Adana Province, Cukurova region, Turkey. For this purpose, a screening study was performed in five schools, between January 2004 and May 2005, covering a total of 5143 children with 2740 (53.3%) boys and 2403 (46.7%) girls, aged 7-14 years (9.6 +/- 2.0). The diagnosis was made using the cotton swab method with inoculation onto Sabouraud glucose agar amended with cycloheximide, chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Among 10 (0.2%) cases, six asymptomatic carriers (mean age 10.7 +/- 2.3) and four symptomatic cases (mean age 8.3 +/- 0.5) were detected, all of whom were boys and had immigrated from the south-eastern and eastern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The mean age differences were found to be statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U=3.000, P=0.046). Boys were found to be more prone to asymptomatic carriage (P=0.033), but not tinea capitis (P>0.05). Zoophilic dermatophytes, namely Microsporum canis (40%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (40%) were the most commonly isolated species, followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton tonsurans (10%), while no causative agent was detected in a case (10%) with tinea capitis superficialis. Scalp cultures were found to be dermatophyte-negative after 3- to 8-month follow-up in cases with asymptomatic carriage. As a conclusion, the prevalence of asymptomatic carrier state was similar with the prevalence of symptomatic cases, and we found a predominance of zoophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macit Ilkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey.
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19
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Borman AM, Campbell CK, Fraser M, Johnson EM. Analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the British Isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades. Med Mycol 2007; 45:131-41. [PMID: 17365649 DOI: 10.1080/13693780601070107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of the skin, hair and nails by dermatophyte fungi are common in developed and developing countries alike. However, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary both geographically and with time. We have surveyed 15,333 dermatophytes obtained from primary isolations at the Mycology Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK from 1980 through 2005. Several striking trends in dermatophyte prevalence were apparent over this period. The relative frequencies of isolations of Microsporum canis (cat and dog ringworm), Trichophyton verrucosum (cattle ringworm), T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (rodent ringworm) and Epidermophyton floccosum (a cause of human groin and foot infections) all decreased by 90%. Conversely, the contributions of T. tonsurans and T. violaceum (two anthropophilic scalp-infecting species) to total dermatophyte isolations increased by 1000% over the same period. Finally, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, the two common causes of foot infection comprised 80% of all dermatophytes isolated in 1980 and 90% of isolations in 2005. Similar trends in dermatophyte prevalence were evidenced throughout the British Isles, based on the voluntary reporting of isolations from a large number of British laboratories at 5-yearly intervals over the same period. The implications of these changing patterns of dermatophyte species, and the clinical entities they produce are discussed in the context of a review of worldwide dermatophyte isolations over the last three decades, with emphasis on the causal agents of tinea capitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Borman
- Health Protection Agency, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Bristol, UK.
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20
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Campos Muñoz L, Quesada Cortés A, Arranz Sánchez D, Díaz Díaz R. Tinea corporis extensa en paciente inmunocompetente. Semergen 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1138-3593(06)73276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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